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Update Transactions reference

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- Add some Dash specific updates
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thephez 2017-09-13 16:15:12 -04:00
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_autocrossref.yaml
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@ -216,6 +216,7 @@ BIP39:
BIP50: BIP50:
BIP61: BIP61:
BIP62: BIP62:
BIP65:
BIP66: BIP66:
BIP70: BIP70:
BIP71: BIP71:

99
_includes/devdoc/ref_transactions.md
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@ -24,25 +24,25 @@ The opcodes used in the pubkey scripts of standard transactions are:
* `OP_TRUE`/`OP_1` (0x51) and `OP_2` through `OP_16` (0x52--0x60), which * `OP_TRUE`/`OP_1` (0x51) and `OP_2` through `OP_16` (0x52--0x60), which
push the values 1 through 16 to the stack. push the values 1 through 16 to the stack.
* [`OP_CHECKSIG`][op_checksig]{:#term-op-checksig}{:.term} consumes a signature and a full public key, and pushes * [`OP_CHECKSIG`][op_checksig]{:#term-op-checksig}{:.term} (0xac) consumes a signature and a full public key, and pushes
true onto the stack if the transaction data specified by the SIGHASH flag was true onto the stack if the transaction data specified by the SIGHASH flag was
converted into the signature using the same ECDSA private key that converted into the signature using the same ECDSA private key that
generated the public key. Otherwise, it pushes false onto the stack. generated the public key. Otherwise, it pushes false onto the stack.
* [`OP_DUP`][op_dup]{:#term-op-dup}{:.term} pushes a copy of the topmost stack item on to the stack. * [`OP_DUP`][op_dup]{:#term-op-dup}{:.term} (0x76) pushes a copy of the topmost stack item on to the stack.
* [`OP_HASH160`][op_hash160]{:#term-op-hash160}{:.term} consumes the topmost item on the stack, * [`OP_HASH160`][op_hash160]{:#term-op-hash160}{:.term} (0xa9) consumes the topmost item on the stack,
computes the RIPEMD160(SHA256()) hash of that item, and pushes that hash onto the stack. computes the RIPEMD160(SHA256()) hash of that item, and pushes that hash onto the stack.
* [`OP_EQUAL`][op_equal]{:#term-op-equal}{:.term} consumes the top two items on the stack, compares them, and * [`OP_EQUAL`][op_equal]{:#term-op-equal}{:.term} (0x87) consumes the top two items on the stack, compares them, and
pushes true onto the stack if they are the same, false if not. pushes true onto the stack if they are the same, false if not.
* [`OP_VERIFY`][op_verify]{:#term-op-verify}{:.term} consumes the topmost item on the stack. * [`OP_VERIFY`][op_verify]{:#term-op-verify}{:.term} (0x69) consumes the topmost item on the stack.
If that item is zero (false) it terminates the script in failure. If that item is zero (false) it terminates the script in failure.
* [`OP_EQUALVERIFY`][op_equalverify]{:#term-op-equalverify}{:.term} runs `OP_EQUAL` and then `OP_VERIFY` in sequence. * [`OP_EQUALVERIFY`][op_equalverify]{:#term-op-equalverify}{:.term} (0x88) runs `OP_EQUAL` and then `OP_VERIFY` in sequence.
* [`OP_CHECKMULTISIG`][op_checkmultisig]{:#term-op-checkmultisig}{:.term} consumes the value (n) at the top of the stack, * [`OP_CHECKMULTISIG`][op_checkmultisig]{:#term-op-checkmultisig}{:.term} (0xae) consumes the value (n) at the top of the stack,
consumes that many of the next stack levels (public keys), consumes consumes that many of the next stack levels (public keys), consumes
the value (m) now at the top of the stack, and consumes that many of the value (m) now at the top of the stack, and consumes that many of
the next values (signatures) plus one extra value. the next values (signatures) plus one extra value.
@ -65,11 +65,11 @@ The opcodes used in the pubkey scripts of standard transactions are:
the pubkey script or redeem script. See the `OP_CHECKMULTISIG` warning the pubkey script or redeem script. See the `OP_CHECKMULTISIG` warning
below for more details. below for more details.
* [`OP_RETURN`][op_return]{:#term-op-return}{:.term} terminates the script in failure when executed. * [`OP_RETURN`][op_return]{:#term-op-return}{:.term} (0x6a) terminates the script in failure when executed.
A complete list of opcodes can be found on the Bitcoin Wiki [Script A complete list of opcodes can be found on the Bitcoin Wiki [Script
Page][wiki script], with an authoritative list in the `opcodetype` enum Page][wiki script], with an authoritative list in the `opcodetype` enum
of the Bitcoin Core [script header file][core script.h] of the Dash Core [script header file][core script.h]
![Warning icon](/img/icons/icon_warning.svg) ![Warning icon](/img/icons/icon_warning.svg)
**<span id="signature_script_modification_warning">Signature script modification warning</span>:** **<span id="signature_script_modification_warning">Signature script modification warning</span>:**
@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ Failure, aborted: two signature matches required but none found so
{% autocrossref %} {% autocrossref %}
The hashes used in P2PKH and P2SH outputs are commonly encoded as Bitcoin The hashes used in P2PKH and P2SH outputs are commonly encoded as Dash
addresses. This is the procedure to encode those hashes and decode the addresses. This is the procedure to encode those hashes and decode the
addresses. addresses.
@ -142,15 +142,15 @@ format used in raw transactions (described in a [following
sub-section][raw transaction format]). Taking the resulting hash: sub-section][raw transaction format]). Taking the resulting hash:
1. Add an address version byte in front of the hash. The version 1. Add an address version byte in front of the hash. The version
bytes commonly used by Bitcoin are: bytes commonly used by Dash are:
* 0x00 for P2PKH addresses on the main Bitcoin network (mainnet) * 0x4c for P2PKH addresses on the main Dash network (mainnet)
* 0x6f for P2PKH addresses on the Bitcoin testing network (testnet) * 0x8c for P2PKH addresses on the Dash testing network (testnet)
* 0x05 for P2SH addresses on mainnet * 0x10 for P2SH addresses on mainnet
* 0xc4 for P2SH addresses on testnet * 0x13 for P2SH addresses on testnet
2. Create a copy of the version and hash; then hash that twice with SHA256: `SHA256(SHA256(version . hash))` 2. Create a copy of the version and hash; then hash that twice with SHA256: `SHA256(SHA256(version . hash))`
@ -160,8 +160,8 @@ bytes commonly used by Bitcoin are:
4. Append the checksum to the version and hash, and encode it as a base58 4. Append the checksum to the version and hash, and encode it as a base58
string: <!--[-->`BASE58(version . hash . checksum)`<!--]--> string: <!--[-->`BASE58(version . hash . checksum)`<!--]-->
Bitcoin's base58 encoding, called [Base58Check][/en/glossary/base58check]{:#term-base58check}{:.term} may not match other implementations. Tier Dash's base58 encoding, called [Base58Check][/en/glossary/base58check]{:#term-base58check}{:.term} may not match other implementations. Tier
Nolan provided the following example encoding algorithm to the Bitcoin Nolan provided the following example encoding algorithm to the Bitcoin
Wiki [Base58Check Wiki [Base58Check
encoding](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Base58Check_encoding) page under encoding](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Base58Check_encoding) page under
@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ x = convert_bytes_to_big_integer(hash_result)
output_string = "" output_string = ""
while(x > 0) while(x > 0)
{ {
(x, remainder) = divide(x, 58) (x, remainder) = divide(x, 58)
output_string.append(code_string[remainder]) output_string.append(code_string[remainder])
@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ repeat(number_of_leading_zero_bytes_in_hash)
output_string.reverse(); output_string.reverse();
{% endhighlight %} {% endhighlight %}
Bitcoin's own code can be traced using the [base58 header Dash's own code can be traced using the [base58 header
file][core base58.h]. file][core base58.h].
To convert addresses back into hashes, reverse the base58 encoding, extract To convert addresses back into hashes, reverse the base58 encoding, extract
@ -201,19 +201,19 @@ against the extracted checksum, and then remove the version byte.
{% autocrossref %} {% autocrossref %}
Bitcoin transactions are broadcast between peers Dash transactions are broadcast between peers
in a serialized byte format, called [raw format][/en/glossary/serialized-transaction]{:#term-raw-format}{:.term}. in a serialized byte format, called [raw format][/en/glossary/serialized-transaction]{:#term-raw-format}{:.term}.
It is this form of a transaction which is SHA256(SHA256()) hashed to create It is this form of a transaction which is SHA256(SHA256()) hashed to create
the TXID and, ultimately, the merkle root of a block containing the the TXID and, ultimately, the merkle root of a block containing the
transaction---making the transaction format part of the consensus rules. transaction---making the transaction format part of the consensus rules.
Bitcoin Core and many other tools print and accept raw transactions Dash Core and many other tools print and accept raw transactions
encoded as hex. encoded as hex.
As of Bitcoin Core 0.9.3 (October 2014), all transactions use the All transactions use the version 1 format described below.
version 1 format described below. (Note: transactions in the block chain (Note: transactions in the block chain are allowed to list a higher version
are allowed to list a higher version number to permit soft forks, but number to permit soft forks, but they are treated as version 1 transactions
they are treated as version 1 transactions by current software.) by current software.)
A raw transaction has the following top-level format: A raw transaction has the following top-level format:
@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ A raw transaction has the following top-level format:
| *Varies* | tx_in | txIn | Transaction inputs. See description of txIn below. | *Varies* | tx_in | txIn | Transaction inputs. See description of txIn below.
| *Varies* | tx_out count | compactSize uint | Number of outputs in this transaction. | *Varies* | tx_out count | compactSize uint | Number of outputs in this transaction.
| *Varies* | tx_out | txOut | Transaction outputs. See description of txOut below. | *Varies* | tx_out | txOut | Transaction outputs. See description of txOut below.
| 4 | lock_time | uint32_t | A time (Unix epoch time) or block number. See the [locktime parsing rules][]. | 4 | lock_time | uint32_t | A time (Unix epoch time) or block number. See the [locktime parsing rules][].
A transaction may have multiple inputs and outputs, so the txIn and A transaction may have multiple inputs and outputs, so the txIn and
txOut structures may recur within a transaction. CompactSize unsigned txOut structures may recur within a transaction. CompactSize unsigned
@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ Each non-coinbase input spends an outpoint from a previous transaction.
| 36 | previous_output | outpoint | The previous outpoint being spent. See description of outpoint below. | 36 | previous_output | outpoint | The previous outpoint being spent. See description of outpoint below.
| *Varies* | script bytes | compactSize uint | The number of bytes in the signature script. Maximum is 10,000 bytes. | *Varies* | script bytes | compactSize uint | The number of bytes in the signature script. Maximum is 10,000 bytes.
| *Varies* | signature script | char[] | A script-language script which satisfies the conditions placed in the outpoint's pubkey script. Should only contain data pushes; see the [signature script modification warning][]. | *Varies* | signature script | char[] | A script-language script which satisfies the conditions placed in the outpoint's pubkey script. Should only contain data pushes; see the [signature script modification warning][].
| 4 | sequence | uint32_t | Sequence number. Default for Bitcoin Core and almost all other programs is 0xffffffff. | 4 | sequence | uint32_t | Sequence number. Default for Dash Core and almost all other programs is 0xffffffff.
{% endautocrossref %} {% endautocrossref %}
@ -274,12 +274,12 @@ specific output.
{% autocrossref %} {% autocrossref %}
Each output spends a certain number of satoshis, placing them under Each output spends a certain number of duffs, placing them under
control of anyone who can satisfy the provided pubkey script. control of anyone who can satisfy the provided pubkey script.
| Bytes | Name | Data Type | Description | Bytes | Name | Data Type | Description
|----------|-----------------|------------------|-------------- |----------|-----------------|------------------|--------------
| 8 | value | int64_t | Number of satoshis to spend. May be zero; the sum of all outputs may not exceed the sum of satoshis previously spent to the outpoints provided in the input section. (Exception: coinbase transactions spend the block subsidy and collected transaction fees.) | 8 | value | int64_t | Number of duffs to spend. May be zero; the sum of all outputs may not exceed the sum of duffs previously spent to the outpoints provided in the input section. (Exception: coinbase transactions spend the block subsidy and collected transaction fees.)
| 1+ | pk_script bytes | compactSize uint | Number of bytes in the pubkey script. Maximum is 10,000 bytes. | 1+ | pk_script bytes | compactSize uint | Number of bytes in the pubkey script. Maximum is 10,000 bytes.
| *Varies* | pk_script | char[] | Defines the conditions which must be satisfied to spend this output. | *Varies* | pk_script | char[] | Defines the conditions which must be satisfied to spend this output.
@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ to a new pay-to-pubkey-hash (P2PKH) output.
| |
| 7b1eabe0209b1fe794124575ef807057 | 7b1eabe0209b1fe794124575ef807057
| c77ada2138ae4fa8d6c4de0398a14f3f ......... Outpoint TXID | c77ada2138ae4fa8d6c4de0398a14f3f ......... Outpoint TXID
| 00000000 ................................. Outpoint index number | 00000000 ................................. Outpoint index number: 0
| |
| 49 ....................................... Bytes in sig. script: 73 | 49 ....................................... Bytes in sig. script: 73
| | 48 ..................................... Push 72 bytes as data | | 48 ..................................... Push 72 bytes as data
@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ to a new pay-to-pubkey-hash (P2PKH) output.
| ffffffff ................................. Sequence number: UINT32_MAX | ffffffff ................................. Sequence number: UINT32_MAX
01 ......................................... Number of outputs 01 ......................................... Number of outputs
| f0ca052a01000000 ......................... Satoshis (49.99990000 BTC) | f0ca052a01000000 ......................... Duffs (49.99990000 Dash)
| |
| 19 ....................................... Bytes in pubkey script: 25 | 19 ....................................... Bytes in pubkey script: 25
| | 76 ..................................... OP_DUP | | 76 ..................................... OP_DUP
@ -345,10 +345,11 @@ has the following format.
| *Varies* | coinbase script | *None* | The [coinbase field][/en/glossary/coinbase]{:#term-coinbase-field}{:.term}: Arbitrary data not exceeding 100 bytes minus the (4) height bytes. Miners commonly place an extra nonce in this field to update the block header merkle root during hashing. | *Varies* | coinbase script | *None* | The [coinbase field][/en/glossary/coinbase]{:#term-coinbase-field}{:.term}: Arbitrary data not exceeding 100 bytes minus the (4) height bytes. Miners commonly place an extra nonce in this field to update the block header merkle root during hashing.
| 4 | sequence | uint32_t | Sequence number. | 4 | sequence | uint32_t | Sequence number.
<!--
Most (but not all) blocks prior to block height 227,836 used block Most (but not all) blocks prior to block height 227,836 used block
version 1 which did not require the height parameter to be prefixed to version 1 which did not require the height parameter to be prefixed to
the coinbase script. The block height parameter is now required. the coinbase script. The block height parameter is now required.
-->
Although the coinbase script is arbitrary data, if it includes the Although the coinbase script is arbitrary data, if it includes the
bytes used by any signature-checking operations such as `OP_CHECKSIG`, bytes used by any signature-checking operations such as `OP_CHECKSIG`,
those signature checks will be counted as signature operations (sigops) those signature checks will be counted as signature operations (sigops)
@ -365,20 +366,26 @@ An itemized coinbase transaction:
| 00000000000000000000000000000000 ... Previous outpoint TXID | 00000000000000000000000000000000 ... Previous outpoint TXID
| ffffffff ............................ Previous outpoint index | ffffffff ............................ Previous outpoint index
| |
| 29 .................................. Bytes in coinbase | 18 .................................. Bytes in coinbase: 24
| | | |
| | 03 ................................ Bytes in height | | 03 ................................ Bytes in height
| | | 4e0105 .......................... Height: 328014 | | | b8240b .......................... Height: 730296
| | | |
| | 062f503253482f0472d35454085fffed | | 03b8240b049d29aa59080400077efa95
| | f2400000f90f54696d65202620486561 | | 0000052f6d70682f .................. Arbitrary data
| | 6c74682021 ........................ Arbitrary data
| 00000000 ............................ Sequence | 00000000 ............................ Sequence
01 .................................... Output count 02 .................................... Output count
| 2c37449500000000 .................... Satoshis (25.04275756 BTC) | Transaction Output 1
| 1976a914a09be8040cbf399926aeb1f4 | | f20cbe0a00000000 .................... Duffs (1.80227314 Dash)
| 70c37d1341f3b46588ac ................ P2PKH script | | 1976a9142cd46be3ceeacca983e0fea3
| | b88f26b08a26c29b88ac ................ P2PKH script
|
| Transaction Output 2
| | eb0cbe0a00000000 .................... Duffs (1.80227307 Dash)
| | 1976a914868180414905937a68fadeb0
| | f33e64d102c9591a88ac ................ P2PKH script
|
| 00000000 ............................ Locktime | 00000000 ............................ Locktime
{% endhighlight %} {% endhighlight %}
@ -393,23 +400,23 @@ The raw transaction format and several peer-to-peer network messages use
a type of variable-length integer to indicate the number of bytes in a a type of variable-length integer to indicate the number of bytes in a
following piece of data. following piece of data.
Bitcoin Core code and this document refers to these variable length Dash Core code and this document refers to these variable length
integers as compactSize. Many other documents refer to them as var_int integers as compactSize. Many other documents refer to them as var_int
or varInt, but this risks conflation with other variable-length integer or varInt, but this risks conflation with other variable-length integer
encodings---such as the CVarInt class used in Bitcoin Core for encodings---such as the CVarInt class used in Dash Core for
serializing data to disk. Because it's used in the transaction format, serializing data to disk. Because it's used in the transaction format,
the format of compactSize unsigned integers is part of the consensus the format of compactSize unsigned integers is part of the consensus
rules. rules.
For numbers from 0 to 252, compactSize unsigned integers look like For numbers from 0 to 252 (0xfc), compactSize unsigned integers look like
regular unsigned integers. For other numbers up to 0xffffffffffffffff, a regular unsigned integers. For other numbers up to 0xffffffffffffffff, a
byte is prefixed to the number to indicate its length---but otherwise byte is prefixed to the number to indicate its length---but otherwise
the numbers look like regular unsigned integers in little-endian order. the numbers look like regular unsigned integers in little-endian order.
| Value | Bytes Used | Format | Value | Bytes Used | Format
|-----------------------------------------|------------|----------------------------------------- |-----------------------------------------|------------|-----------------------------------------
| >= 0 && <= 252 | 1 | uint8_t | >= 0 && <= 0xfc (252) | 1 | uint8_t
| >= 253 && <= 0xffff | 3 | 0xfd followed by the number as uint16_t | >= 0xfd (253) && <= 0xffff | 3 | 0xfd followed by the number as uint16_t
| >= 0x10000 && <= 0xffffffff | 5 | 0xfe followed by the number as uint32_t | >= 0x10000 && <= 0xffffffff | 5 | 0xfe followed by the number as uint32_t
| >= 0x100000000 && <= 0xffffffffffffffff | 9 | 0xff followed by the number as uint64_t | >= 0x100000000 && <= 0xffffffffffffffff | 9 | 0xff followed by the number as uint64_t

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_includes/references.md
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@ -365,6 +365,7 @@ http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT.
[BIP50]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0050.mediawiki [BIP50]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0050.mediawiki
[BIP61]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0061.mediawiki [BIP61]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0061.mediawiki
[BIP62]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0062.mediawiki [BIP62]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0062.mediawiki
[BIP65]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0065.mediawiki
[BIP66]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0066.mediawiki [BIP66]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0066.mediawiki
[BIP70]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0070.mediawiki [BIP70]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0070.mediawiki
[BIP71]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0071.mediawiki [BIP71]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0071.mediawiki