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Full Node Howto: Add Windows 7, Ubuntu Server, and Other Linux

Browse source 
* Added instructions for Windows 7, but only for Bitcoin Core GUI. I
  added a stub for anyone who wants to write instructions for using the
  daemon on Windows.

* Added instructions for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Server, but only for Bitcoin
  core daemon. I assume most server users run headless.

* Added instructions for Other Linux Distributions, for both GUI and
  daemon. Hopefully the instructions are general enough to apply to most
  distributions but specific enough that they actually help readers.

* Added a stub for Windows 8.1 as I don't have access to a copy, and all
  the pay-per-hour Windows VPSes I can find run some version of Windows
  Server. (I have the same problem with OS X.)

* Hid some subsections in the table of contents: I found having
  subsections named "Bitcoin Core GUI" and "...Daemon" within multiple
  sections distracting, so I hid them in the TOC.

* Added basic PGP verification instructions: I didn't try to explain PGP
  to newbies, but I did provide instructions useful to people who have
  used PGP before.  These instructions are currently displayed in the
  Windows 7 and Other Linux Distributions sections (where users download
  from Bitcoin.org).

* Made sure the end of each install section points to the Network
  Configuration section so users open port 8333.

Closes #410
This commit is contained in:
David A. Harding 2015-01-18 15:57:53 -05:00
parent b29923a533
commit 1ba00657ae
9 changed files with 555 additions and 6 deletions
Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

561
en/full-node.md
View file

@ -8,7 +8,43 @@ id: full-node
title: "Running A Full Node - Bitcoin"
---
{% assign moreHelp="If you need more help, please ask in one of Bitcoin's many [communities](/en/community), such as [Bitcoin StackExchange](https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/), [BitcoinTalk technical support](https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?board=4.0), or the [#bitcoin](https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=bitcoin&uio=d4) IRC chatroom on Freenode." %}
<!-- Variable assignment
{% capture installFinished %}
You have now completed installing Bitcoin Core. If you have any questions, please ask in one of Bitcoin's many [communities](/en/community), such as [Bitcoin StackExchange](https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/), [BitcoinTalk technical support](https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?board=4.0), or the [#bitcoin](https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=bitcoin&uio=d4) IRC chatroom on Freenode.
To support the Bitcoin network, you also need to allow incoming
connections. Please read the [Network
Configuration](#network-configuration) section for details.
{% endcapture %}
{% capture verifyReleaseSignatures %}
<div class="box" markdown="1">
*Optional: Verify the release signatures*
If you know how to use PGP, you should also click the *Verify Release
Signatures* link on the download page to download a signed list of SHA256
file hashes. The file is currently signed by [Wladimir J. van der Laan's
key](/laanwj.asc). His primary key's fingerprint is:
71A3 B167 3540 5025 D447 E8F2 7481 0B01 2346 C9A6
Many previous releases were signed by [Gavin Andresen's
key](/gavinandresen.asc). His primary key's fingerprint is:
2664 6D99 CBAE C9B8 1982 EF60 29D9 EE6B 1FC7 30C1
You should verify these keys belong to their owners using the web of
trust or other trustworthy means. Then use PGP to verify the signature
on the release signatures file. Finally, use PGP or another utility to
compute the SHA256 hash of the archive you downloaded, and ensure the
computed hash matches the hash listed in the verified release
signatures file.
</div>
{% endcapture %}
-->
# Running A Full Node
@ -170,7 +206,7 @@ downloaded. This step may take several minutes on a slow Internet
connection.
<div class="box" markdown="1">
*Choose one of the following options*
*To continue, choose one of the following options*
1. To install the Bitcoin Core Graphical User Interface (GUI), type the
following line and proceed to the [Bitcoin Core GUI](#ubuntu-gui)
@ -197,6 +233,7 @@ want to proceed. Press enter to continue.
</div>
#### Bicoin Core GUI {#ubuntu-gui}
{:.no_toc}
To start Bitcoin Core GUI, click the Ubuntu swirl icon to open the Dash,
type `bitcoin`, and click the Bitcoin icon.
@ -240,9 +277,165 @@ automatically started in as an icon in the tray.
![Bitcoin-Qt Tray Icon](/img/full-node/en-bitcoin-qt-tray-icon.png)
</div>
{{moreHelp}}
{{installFinished}}
#### Bicoin Core Daemon {#ubuntu-daemon}
{:.no_toc}
Before using the Bitcoin Core daemon, `bitcoind`, you need to create its
configuration file with a user name and password. First create the
`.bitcoin` directory, create (touch) the file, and set the file's
permissions so that only your user account can read it. From the
terminal, type:
mkdir ~/.bitcoin
touch ~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
chmod 600 ~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
Then you can run the command `bitcoind`. It will print output similar
to this:
bitcoind
Error: To use the "-server" option, you must set a rpcpassword in the configuration file:
/home/bitcoinorg/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
It is recommended you use the following random password:
rpcuser=bitcoinrpc
rpcpassword=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
(you do not need to remember this password)
The username and password MUST NOT be the same.
If the file does not exist, create it with owner-readable-only file permissions.
It is also recommended to set alertnotify so you are notified of problems;
for example: alertnotify=echo %s | mail -s "Bitcoin Alert" admin@foo.com
The "rpcpassword" displayed will be unique for your system. You can
copy the rpcuser and rpcpassword lines into your configuration file
using the following commands. Note that in most Ubuntu terminals, you need
to press Ctrl-Shift-C to copy and Ctrl-Shift-V to paste because Ctrl-C
and Ctrl-V have different meanings in a Unix-style terminal.
echo rpcuser=bitcoinrpc >> ~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
echo rpcpassword=XXXXXX >> ~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
(**Warning:** Don't use XXXXXX as your RPC password. Copy the
rpcpassword displayed by bitcoind for your system.)
Now you can start Bitcoin Core daemon for real. Type the following
command:
bitcoind -daemon
It will print a message that Bitcoin Core is starting. To interact with
Bitcoin Core daemon, you will use the command `bitcoin-cli` (Bitcoin
command line interface). Note: it may take up to several minutes for
Bitcoin Core to start, during which it will display the following
message whenever you use `bitcoin-cli`:
error: {"code":-28,"message":"Verifying blocks..."}
After it starts, you may find the following commands useful for basic
interaction with your node:
[`getblockchaininfo`](/en/developer-reference#getblockchaininfo),
[`getnetworkinfo`](/en/developer-reference#getnetworkinfo),
[`getnettotals`](/en/developer-reference#getnettotals),
[`getwalletinfo`](/en/developer-reference#getwalletinfo),
[`stop`](/en/developer-reference#stop), and [`help`](/en/developer-reference#help).
For example, to safely stop your node, run the following command:
bitcoin-cli stop
A complete list of commands is available in the [Bitcoin.org developer
reference](/en/developer-reference#rpc-quick-reference).
When Bitcoin Core daemon first starts, it will begin to download the
block chain. This step will take at least several hours, and it may
take a day or more on a slow Internet connection or with a slow
computer. During the download, Bitcoin Core will use a significant part
of your connection bandwidth. You can stop Bitcoin Core at any time using
the `stop` command; it will resume from the point where it stopped the next
time you start it.
<div class="box" markdown="1">
*Optional: Start Your Node At Boot*
Starting your node automatically each time your computer boots makes it
easy for you to contribute to the network. The easiest way to do this
is to start Bitcoin Core daemon from your crontab. To edit your
crontab, run the following command:
crontab -e
Scroll to the bottom of the file displayed and add the following line:
@reboot bitcoind -daemon
Save the file and exit; the updated crontab file will be installed for
you. Now Bitcoin Core daemon will be automatically started each time
your reboot your computer.
If you're an Ubuntu expert and want to use an init script instead, see
[this Upstart
script](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/tree/0.10/contrib/init/bitcoind.conf).
</div>
{{installFinished}}
### Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Server
*Instructions for Bitcoin Core 0.10.0.*
Log into your Ubuntu server using SSH or another method that gives you
command line access. These first steps need to be performed as an
administrative user with sudo access.
Type the following line to add the Bitcoin Personal Package Archive
(PPA) to your system:
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:bitcoin/bitcoin
You will be prompted for your user password. Provide it to continue.
Afterwards, the following text will be displayed:
Stable Channel of bitcoin-qt and bitcoind for Ubuntu, and their dependencies
More info: https://launchpad.net/~bitcoin/+archive/ubuntu/bitcoin
Press [ENTER] to continue or ctrl-c to cancel adding it
Press enter to continue. The following text (with some variations) will
be displayed and you will be returned to the command line prompt:
gpg: keyring `/tmp/tmpixuqu73x/secring.gpg' created
gpg: keyring `/tmp/tmpixuqu73x/pubring.gpg' created
gpg: requesting key 8842CE5E from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
gpg: /tmp/tmpixuqu73x/trustdb.gpg: trustdb created
gpg: key 8842CE5E: public key "Launchpad PPA for Bitcoin" imported
gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: imported: 1 (RSA: 1)
OK
Type the following line to get the most recent list of packages:
sudo apt-get update
A large number of lines will be displayed as different update files are
downloaded. This step may take several minutes on a slow Internet
connection.
To install the Bitcoin Core daemon (bitcoind), which is useful for
programmers and advanced users, type the following line and proceed to
the [Bitcoin Core Daemon](#ubuntu-daemon) section below:
sudo apt-get install bitcoind
After choosing what packages to install, you will be asked whether you
want to proceed. Press enter to continue.
#### Bicoin Core Daemon {#ubuntu-server-daemon}
{:.no_toc}
If you're logged in as an administrative user with sudo access, you may
log out. The steps in this section should be performed as the user you
want to run Bitcoin Core. (This can be a locked account used only by
Bitcoin Core.)
Before using the Bitcoin Core daemon, `bitcoind`, you need to create its
configuration file with a user name and password. First create the
@ -339,16 +532,372 @@ If you're an Ubuntu expert and want to use an init script instead, see
script](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/2d782ab2ce30bf106e34cd3288c9082ac04022f9/contrib/init/bitcoind.conf).
</div>
{{moreHelp}}
{{installFinished}}
### Other Linux Distributions
*Instructions for Bitcoin Core 0.10.0.*
The following instructions describe installing Bitcoin Core using tools
available in most mainstream Linux distributions. We assume you use a
Bourne-like shell such as `bash`.
Using any computer, go to the [Bitcoin Core download page](/en/download)
and verify you have made a secure connection to the server.
![Verify secure connection](/img/full-node/en-secure-connection.png)
In the "Linux (tgz)" section of the Download page, choose the
appropriate file for your Linux install (either 32-bit or 64-bit) and
download the file. If necessary, move the file to the computer you want
to use to run Bitcoin Core.
{{verifyReleaseSignatures}}
If you aren't already logged into the computer you want to install
Bitcoin on, login now. Make sure you use an account that can use `su`
or `sudo` to install software into directories owned by the root user.
If you logged in graphically, start a terminal. If you logged in
another way, we will assume you're already in a shell.
Locate the file you downloaded and extract it using the `tar` command
followed by the argument `xzf` followed by the file name. The argument
`xzf` means eXtract the gZipped tar archive File. For example, for a
64-bit tar archive in your current directory, the command is:
tar xzf bitcoin-0.10.0-linux64.tar.gz
This will create the directory `bitcoin-0.10.0` within your current
working directory. We will install the contents of its `bin`
subdirectory into the `/usr/local/bin` directory using the the `install`
command. The install command is part of the GNU coreutils available on
nearly every Linux distribution, and the `/usr/local/bin` directory is a
standard location for self-installed executables (you may edit the
commands below to use a different location).
If you use `sudo` to run commands as root, use the following command
line:
sudo install -m 0755 -o root -g root -t /usr/local/bin bitcoin-0.10.0/bin/*
If you use `su` to run commands as root, use the following command line:
su -c 'install -m 0755 -o root -g root -t /usr/local/bin bitcoin-0.10.0/bin/*'
<div class="box" markdown="1">
*To continue, choose one of the following options*
1. To use Bitcoin Core Graphical User Interface (GUI), proceed to the
[Bitcoin Core GUI](#other-linux-gui) section below.
2. To use the Bitcoin Core daemon (bitcoind), which is useful for
programmers and advanced users, proceed to the [Bitcoin Core
Daemon](#other-linux-daemon) section below.
3. To use both the GUI and the daemon, read both the [GUI
instructions](#other-linux-gui) and the [daemon
instructions](#other-linux-daemon). Note that you can't run both the
GUI and the daemon at the same time using the same configuration
directory.
</div>
#### Bicoin Core GUI {#other-linux-gui}
{:.no_toc}
In order to use Bitcoin Core GUI, you will need several libraries
installed. All of them should be available in all major
recently-released Linux distributions, but they may not be installed on
your computer yet. To determine whether you're missing any libraries,
open a terminal (if you haven't already) and run the command
`/usr/local/bin/bitcoin-qt` to start Bitcoin Core GUI.
If all the required libraries are installed, Bitcoin Core will start.
If a required library is missing, an error message similar to the
following message will be displayed:
/usr/local/bin/bitcoin-qt: error while loading shared libraries: libQtGui.so.4: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Search your distribution's package database for the missing file
missing and install package containing that file. Then re-run
`/usr/local/bin/bitcoin-qt` to see if it's missing another file.
Repeat until Bitcoin Core GUI starts.
You will be prompted to choose a directory to store the Bitcoin block
chain and your wallet. Unless you have a separate partition or drive
you want to use, click *Ok* to use the default.
![Bitcoin-Qt Welcome](/img/full-node/en-bitcoin-qt-welcome.png)
Bitcoin Core GUI will begin to download the block chain. This
step will take at least several hours, and it may take a day or more on
a slow Internet connection or with a slow computer. During the
download, Bitcoin Core will use a significant part of your connection
bandwidth. You can stop Bitcoin Core at any time by closing it; it will
resume from the point where it stopped the next time you start it.
![Bitcoin-Qt Initial Block Download](/img/full-node/en-bitcoin-qt-ibd.png)
After download is complete, you may use Bitcoin Core as your wallet or
you can just let it run to help support the Bitcoin network.
<div class="box" markdown="1">
*Optional: Start Your Node At Login*
Starting your node automatically each time you login to your computer
makes it easy for you to contribute to the network. The easiest way to
do this is to tell Bitcoin Core GUI to start at login. This only works
in desktop environments that support the [autostart
specification](http://standards.freedesktop.org/autostart-spec/autostart-spec-latest.html#startup),
such as Gnome, KDE, and Unity.
While running Bitcoin Core GUI, open the Settings menu and choose
Options. On the Main tab, click *Start Bitcoin on system login*. Click
the Ok button to save the new settings.
![Choosing to start Bitcoin Core at login](/img/full-node/en-start-on-login.png)
The next time you login to your desktop, Bitcoin Core GUI should be
automatically started in as an icon in the tray.
![Bitcoin-Qt Tray Icon](/img/full-node/en-bitcoin-qt-tray-icon.png)
If Bitcoin Core GUI does not automatically start, you may need to add it
to an `.xinit` or `.xsession` file as [described
here](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Guide_to_X11/Starting_Sessions).
</div>
{{installFinished}}
#### Bicoin Core Daemon {#other-linux-daemon}
{:.no_toc}
If you're logged in as an administrative user with sudo access, you may
log out. The steps in this section should be performed as the user you
want to run Bitcoin Core. (This can be a locked account used only by
Bitcoin Core.) If you changed users in a graphical interface, start a
terminal.
Before using the Bitcoin Core daemon, `bitcoind`, you need to create its
configuration file with a user name and password. First create the
`.bitcoin` directory, create (touch) the file, and set the file's
permissions so that only your user account can read it. From your
terminal or console, type:
mkdir ~/.bitcoin
touch ~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
chmod 600 ~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
Then you can run the command `bitcoind`. It will print output similar
to this:
bitcoind
Error: To use the "-server" option, you must set a rpcpassword in the configuration file:
/home/bitcoinorg/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
It is recommended you use the following random password:
rpcuser=bitcoinrpc
rpcpassword=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
(you do not need to remember this password)
The username and password MUST NOT be the same.
If the file does not exist, create it with owner-readable-only file permissions.
It is also recommended to set alertnotify so you are notified of problems;
for example: alertnotify=echo %s | mail -s "Bitcoin Alert" admin@foo.com
The "rpcpassword" displayed will be unique for your system. You can
copy the rpcuser and rpcpassword lines into your configuration file
using the following commands. Note that in many Linux terminals, you need
to press Ctrl-Shift-C to copy and Ctrl-Shift-V to paste because Ctrl-C
and Ctrl-V have different meanings in a Unix-style terminal.
echo rpcuser=bitcoinrpc >> ~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
echo rpcpassword=XXXXXX >> ~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
(**Warning:** Don't use XXXXXX as your RPC password. Copy the
rpcpassword displayed by bitcoind for your system.)
Now you can start Bitcoin Core daemon for real. Type the following
command:
bitcoind -daemon
It will print a message that Bitcoin Core is starting. To interact with
Bitcoin Core daemon, you will use the command `bitcoin-cli` (Bitcoin
command line interface). Note: it may take up to several minutes for
Bitcoin Core to start, during which it will display the following
message whenever you use `bitcoin-cli`:
error: {"code":-28,"message":"Verifying blocks..."}
After it starts, you may find the following commands useful for basic
interaction with your node:
[`getblockchaininfo`](/en/developer-reference#getblockchaininfo),
[`getnetworkinfo`](/en/developer-reference#getnetworkinfo),
[`getnettotals`](/en/developer-reference#getnettotals),
[`getwalletinfo`](/en/developer-reference#getwalletinfo),
[`stop`](/en/developer-reference#stop), and [`help`](/en/developer-reference#help).
For example, to safely stop your node, run the following command:
bitcoin-cli stop
A complete list of commands is available in the [Bitcoin.org developer
reference](/en/developer-reference#rpc-quick-reference).
When Bitcoin Core daemon first starts, it will begin to download the
block chain. This step will take at least several hours, and it may
take a day or more on a slow Internet connection or with a slow
computer. During the download, Bitcoin Core will use a significant part
of your connection bandwidth. You can stop Bitcoin Core at any time using
the `stop` command; it will resume from the point where it stopped the next
time you start it.
<div class="box" markdown="1">
*Optional: Start Your Node At Boot*
Starting your node automatically each time your computer boots makes it
easy for you to contribute to the network. The easiest way to do this
is to start Bitcoin Core daemon from your crontab. To edit your
crontab on most distributions, run the following command:
crontab -e
Scroll to the bottom of the file displayed and add the following line:
@reboot bitcoind -daemon
Save the file and exit; the updated crontab file will be installed for
you. On most distributions, this will cause Bitcoin Core daemon to be
automatically started each time your reboot your computer.
If you're a expert system administrator and want to use an init script instead, see
[the init scripts directory in Bitcoin Core's source tree](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/tree/0.10/contrib/init).
</div>
{{installFinished}}
## Windows Instructions
### Windows 8.1
If you can provide instructions and screenshots for running the latest
version of Bitcoin Core on Mac OS X, please [open an
version of Bitcoin Core on Windows 8.1, please [open an
issue](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org/issues/new) and we'll tell
you what we need.
### Windows 7
*Instructions for Bitcoin Core 0.10.0.*
Go to the [Bitcoin Core download page](/en/download) and verify you have
made a secure connection to the server.
![Verify secure connection](/img/full-node/en-secure-connection.png)
Click the large blue *Download Bitcoin Core* button to download the
Bitcoin Core installer to your desktop.
{{verifyReleaseSignatures}}
After downloading the file to your desktop, run it by double-clicking
its icon. Windows will ask you to confirm that you want to run it:
![UAC Prompt to install](/img/full-node/en-uac-run-installer.png)
The Bitcoin installer will start. It's a typical Windows installer, and
it will guide you through the decisions you need to make about where to
install Bitcoin Core.
![Windows 7 installer start](/img/full-node/en-win7-installer-start.png)
<div class="box" markdown="1">
*To continue, choose one of the following options*
1. If you want to use the Bitcoin Core Graphical User Interface (GUI),
proceed to the [Bitcoin Core GUI](#win7-gui) section below.
2. If you want to use the Bitcoin Core daemon (bitcoind), which is
useful for programmers and advanced users, proceed to the [Bitcoin
Core Daemon](#win7-daemon) section below.
3. To want to use both the GUI and the daemon, read both the [GUI
instructions](#ubuntu-gui) and the [daemon
instructions](#ubuntu-daemon). Note that you can't run both the GUI
and the daemon at the same time using the same configuration
directory.
</div>
#### Bicoin Core GUI {#win7-gui}
{:.no_toc}
Open the *Start* menu, type `bitcoin` into the search box, and click the
*Bitcoin Core* icon.
![Start Bitcoin Core](/img/full-node/en-win7-start-bitcoin-core.png)
You will be prompted to choose a directory to store the Bitcoin block
chain and your wallet. Unless you have a separate partition or drive
you want to use, click Ok to use the default.
![Bitcoin-Qt Welcome](/img/full-node/en-win7-welcome-to-bitcoin-core.png)
Your firewall may block Bitcoin Core from making outbound connections.
It's safe to allow Bitcoin Core to use all networks. (Note: you will
still need to configure inbound connections as described later in the
[Network Configuration](#network-configuration) section.)
![Opening outgoing firewall for Bitcoin Core](/img/full-node/en-win7-bitcoin-core-outgoing-firewall.png)
Bitcoin Core GUI will begin to download the block chain. This
step will take at least several hours, and it may take a day or more on
a slow Internet connection or with a slow computer. During the
download, Bitcoin Core will use a significant part of your connection
bandwidth. You can stop Bitcoin Core at any time by closing it; it will
resume from the point where it stopped the next time you start it.
![Bitcoin-Qt Initial Block Download](/img/full-node/en-win7-ibd.png)
After download is complete, you may use Bitcoin Core as your wallet or
you can just let it run to help support the Bitcoin network.
<div class="box" markdown="1">
*Optional: Start Your Node At Login*
Starting your node automatically each time you login to your computer
makes it easy for you to contribute to the network. The easiest way
to do this is to tell Bitcoin Core GUI to start at login.
While running Bitcoin Core GUI, open the Settings menu and choose
Options. On the Main tab, click *Start Bitcoin on system login*. Click
the Ok button to save the new settings.
![Choosing to start Bitcoin Core at login](/img/full-node/en-win7-start-on-login.png)
The next time you login to your desktop, Bitcoin Core GUI will be
automatically started minimized in the task bar.
</div>
{{installFinished}}
#### Bicoin Core Daemon {#windows-daemon}
{:.no_toc}
If you can provide instructions and screenshots for running the latest
version of Bitcoin Core daemon on Windows 7, please [open an
issue](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org/issues/new) and we'll tell
you what we need.
## Mac OS X Instructions
If you can provide instructions and screenshots for running the latest
@ -518,7 +1067,7 @@ computer's network card and add it to the list. This operation differs
by operating system:
* **Windows 7 & 8:** Press Win-R (Windows key plus the R key) to open
the Run dialog. Type `cmd` to open the console. Type `ipconfig` and
the Run dialog. Type `cmd` to open the console. Type `ipconfig /all` and
find the result that best matches your connection---usually a wireless
connection. Look for a line that starts with "Physical Address" and
contains a value like this: