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Dev Docs: Describe Serialized Block Header And Block Format

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* Replace current description of the block header with a better
description.

    * Describe the various version numbers.

    * Describe how the merkle root is constructed.

    * Describe how nBits is parsed and how to correctly create it to
      avoid negative values.

* Describe the serialized block format used to calculate max block size.
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David A. Harding 2014-11-06 21:45:12 -05:00
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_includes/ref_transactions.md
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@ -319,8 +319,8 @@ has the following format.
| 32 | hash (null) | char[32] | A 32-byte null, as a coinbase has no previous outpoint.
| 4 | index (UINT32_MAX) | uint32_t | 0xffffffff, as a coinbase has no previous outpoint.
| *Varies* | script bytes | compactSize uint | The number of bytes in the coinbase script, up to a maximum of 100 bytes.
| *Varies* (4) | height | script | The block height of this block as required by BIP34. Uses script language: starts with a data-pushing op code that indicates how many bytes to push to the stack followed by the block height as a little-endian unsigned integer. This script must be as short as possible, otherwise it may be rejected.<br/><br/> The data-pushing op code will be 0x03 and the total size four bytes until block 16,777,216 about 300 years from now.
| *Varies* | coinbase script | *None* | Arbitrary data not exceeding 100 bytes minus the (4) height bytes. Miners commonly place an extra nonce in this field to update the block header merkle root during hashing.
| *Varies* (4) | height | script | The [block height][]{:#term-coinbase-block-height}{:.term} of this block as required by BIP34. Uses script language: starts with a data-pushing op code that indicates how many bytes to push to the stack followed by the block height as a little-endian unsigned integer. This script must be as short as possible, otherwise it may be rejected.<br/><br/> The data-pushing op code will be 0x03 and the total size four bytes until block 16,777,216 about 300 years from now.
| *Varies* | coinbase script | *None* | The [coinbase field][]{:#term-coinbase-field}{:.term}: Arbitrary data not exceeding 100 bytes minus the (4) height bytes. Miners commonly place an extra nonce in this field to update the block header merkle root during hashing.
| 4 | sequence | uint32_t | Sequence number; see [sequence number][].
Most (but not all) blocks prior to block height 227,836 used block