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Code Issues Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity Actions

Many grammatical and factual corrections

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Luke Dashjr 2013-09-18 19:39:46 +00:00
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_translations/en.yml
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@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ en:
pci: "No PCI compliance required" pci: "No PCI compliance required"
pcitext: "Accepting credit cards online typically requires extensive security checks in order to comply with the PCI standard. While it is a good thing to protect credit cards, Bitcoin security is built in such a way that makes this approach obsolete. Your payments are secured by the network, not at your expense." pcitext: "Accepting credit cards online typically requires extensive security checks in order to comply with the PCI standard. While it is a good thing to protect credit cards, Bitcoin security is built in such a way that makes this approach obsolete. Your payments are secured by the network, not at your expense."
visibility: "Get some free visibility" visibility: "Get some free visibility"
visibilitytext: "Bitcoin is an emerging market of new customers who are searching for ways to spend their coins. Accepting them is a good way to get new customers and give your business some new visibility. Accepting a new payment method has always shown to be a clever practice for online businesses." visibilitytext: "Bitcoin is an emerging market of new customers who are searching for ways to spend their coins. Accepting them is a good way to get new customers and give your business some new visibility. Accepting a new payment method has often shown to be a clever practice for online businesses."
multisig: "Multi-signature" multisig: "Multi-signature"
multisigtext: "Bitcoin also includes a feature, not yet well known, which allows coins to be spent only if a subset of a group of people sign the transaction (so-called \"n of m\" transactions). This is the equivalent of the good old multi-signature cheque system that you might still use with banks today." multisigtext: "Bitcoin also includes a feature, not yet well known, which allows coins to be spent only if a subset of a group of people sign the transaction (so-called \"n of m\" transactions). This is the equivalent of the good old multi-signature cheque system that you might still use with banks today."
transparency: "Accounting transparency" transparency: "Accounting transparency"
transparencytext: "Many organizations are required to produce accounting documents about their activity and to adopt good transparency practices. Using Bitcoin offers the highest level of transparency since your balance and your transactions are public for your members so long as you keep them aware of your Bitcoin addresses." transparencytext: "Many organizations are required to produce accounting documents about their activity and to adopt good transparency practices. Using Bitcoin allows you to offer the highest level of transparency since you can provide information your members can use to verify your balances and transactions."
merchantintro: "Visit the <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/How_to_accept_Bitcoin,_for_small_businesses\">merchant introduction guide</a> on the wiki." merchantintro: "Visit the <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/How_to_accept_Bitcoin,_for_small_businesses\">merchant introduction guide</a> on the wiki."
bitcoin-for-developers: bitcoin-for-developers:
title: "Bitcoin for Developers - Bitcoin" title: "Bitcoin for Developers - Bitcoin"
@ -47,13 +47,13 @@ en:
own: "You can be your own financial system" own: "You can be your own financial system"
owntext: "If you don't use any third party APIs, you can integrate a Bitcoin server directly in your applications, allowing you to become your own bank and payment processor. With all the responsibilities that this implies, you can build amazing systems that process Bitcoin transactions with almost no fees." owntext: "If you don't use any third party APIs, you can integrate a Bitcoin server directly in your applications, allowing you to become your own bank and payment processor. With all the responsibilities that this implies, you can build amazing systems that process Bitcoin transactions with almost no fees."
invoice: "Bitcoin addresses to track invoices" invoice: "Bitcoin addresses to track invoices"
invoicetext: "Bitcoin can create as many Bitcoin addresses as you want. So if you were to build a payment system associated with an invoice, you simply need to generate and monitor a Bitcoin address for each payment. You can also use the same addresses once the payment is done." invoicetext: "Bitcoin creates a unique address for each transaction. So if you were to build a payment system associated with an invoice, you simply need to generate and monitor a Bitcoin address for each payment. You should never use the same address for more than one transaction."
security: "Most of the security is on client side" security: "Most of the security is on client side"
securitytext: "Most parts of the security are handled by the protocol on the client and Bitcoin network side. Authenticity is verified through private keys, and double-spends are prevented through the Bitcoin network. That means no need for PCI compliance nor fraud detection. We love things that just work, don't we?" securitytext: "Most parts of the security are handled by the protocol on the client and Bitcoin network side. Authenticity is verified with digital signatures, and chargebacks are prevented with the block chain. This means no need for PCI compliance, and fraud detection is only required when services or products are delivered instantly."
micro: "Cheap micro payments" micro: "Cheap micro payments"
microtext: "Bitcoin offers the lowest payment processing fees for any type of transaction, including micro-payments. This means that it can also be used to design and implement new creative online services that could not exist before only because of financial limitations." microtext: "Bitcoin offers the lowest payment processing fees for any type of transaction, including micro-payments. This means that it can also be used to design and implement new creative online services that could not exist before only because of financial limitations."
serviceslist: "Visit the <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/How_to_accept_Bitcoin,_for_small_businesses#Merchant_Services\">merchant services list</a> on the wiki." serviceslist: "Visit the <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/How_to_accept_Bitcoin,_for_small_businesses#Merchant_Services\">merchant services list</a> on the wiki."
apireference: "Or read Bitcoin-Qt <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/API_reference_(JSON-RPC)\">API reference</a> and <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Original_Bitcoin_client/API_Calls_list\">API calls list</a>." apireference: "Or read bitcoind's <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/API_reference_(JSON-RPC)\">API reference</a> and <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Original_Bitcoin_client/API_Calls_list\">API calls list</a>."
bitcoin-for-individuals: bitcoin-for-individuals:
title: "Bitcoin for Individuals - Bitcoin" title: "Bitcoin for Individuals - Bitcoin"
pagetitle: "Bitcoin for Individuals" pagetitle: "Bitcoin for Individuals"
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ en:
lowfee: "Almost free to use" lowfee: "Almost free to use"
lowfeetext: "Bitcoin allows you to send and receive payments at very low cost. Except for special cases like micro-payments, there is no enforced fee. It is however recommended to pay a higher voluntary fee for faster confirmation of your transaction and to remunerate the people who operate the Bitcoin network." lowfeetext: "Bitcoin allows you to send and receive payments at very low cost. Except for special cases like micro-payments, there is no enforced fee. It is however recommended to pay a higher voluntary fee for faster confirmation of your transaction and to remunerate the people who operate the Bitcoin network."
anonymous: "Protect your identity" anonymous: "Protect your identity"
anonymoustext: "With Bitcoin, there is no credit card number that some malicious actor can collect in order to impersonate you. In fact, it is even possible to send a payment without revealing your identity, just like with real money. You should however take note that some effort can be required to <a href=\"#you-need-to-know#\">protect your privacy</a>." anonymoustext: "With Bitcoin, there is no credit card number that some malicious actor can collect in order to impersonate you. In fact, it is even possible to send a payment without revealing your identity, almost just like with real money. You should however take note that some effort can be required to <a href=\"#you-need-to-know#\">protect your privacy</a>."
community: community:
title: "Community - Bitcoin" title: "Community - Bitcoin"
pagetitle: "Bitcoin communities" pagetitle: "Bitcoin communities"
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ en:
reddit: "Reddit's Bitcoin Community" reddit: "Reddit's Bitcoin Community"
stackexchange: "Bitcoin StackExchange (Q&amp;A)" stackexchange: "Bitcoin StackExchange (Q&amp;A)"
irc: "IRC Chat" irc: "IRC Chat"
ircjoin: "IRC Channels on <a href=\"http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=bitcoin&amp;uio=d4\">FreeNode</a>." ircjoin: "IRC Channels on <a href=\"http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=bitcoin&amp;uio=d4\">freenode</a>."
chanbitcoin: "(General Bitcoin-related)" chanbitcoin: "(General Bitcoin-related)"
chandev: "(Development and technical)" chandev: "(Development and technical)"
chanotc: "(Over The Counter exchange)" chanotc: "(Over The Counter exchange)"
@ -99,32 +99,32 @@ en:
choose-your-wallet: choose-your-wallet:
title: "Choose your wallet - Bitcoin" title: "Choose your wallet - Bitcoin"
pagetitle: "Choose your Bitcoin wallet" pagetitle: "Choose your Bitcoin wallet"
summary: "Your Bitcoin wallet is what allows you to transact with the world. It gives you ownership of Bitcoin <i>addresses</i> that you can use to receive coins from other users and then lets you send those coins onwards. Just like email, you can receive bitcoins when you are offline, and all wallets are compatible with each other. Before you start with Bitcoin, <b>be sure to read <a href=\"#you-need-to-know#\">what you need to know</a></b> first." summary: "Your Bitcoin wallet is what allows you to transact with other users. It gives you ownership of a Bitcoin balance so that you can send and receive bitcoins. Just like email, all wallets can interoperate with each other. Before you start with Bitcoin, <b>be sure to read <a href=\"#you-need-to-know#\">what you need to know</a></b> first."
getstarted: "Get started fast and easy" getstarted: "Get started fast and easy"
getstarteddesk: "<a href=\"https://multibit.org/\"><b>MultiBit</b></a> is an app you can download for Windows, Mac and Linux." getstarteddesk: "<a href=\"https://multibit.org/\"><b>MultiBit</b></a> is an app you can download for Windows, Mac and Linux."
getstartedmobi: "<a href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.schildbach.wallet\"><b>Bitcoin Wallet</b></a> for Android runs on your phone or tablet." getstartedmobi: "<a href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.schildbach.wallet\"><b>Bitcoin Wallet</b></a> for Android runs on your phone or tablet."
bethenetwork: "Be part of the Bitcoin network" bethenetwork: "Be part of the Bitcoin network"
bethenetworktxt: "Do you have a computer that you keep switched on all the time, that's connected to the Internet? You can help the community by simply running the <a href=\"#download#\"><b>original Bitcoin client</b></a> on it. The original client is more resource intensive and will take a complete day to synchronize. After that your computer will contribute to the network by checking and relaying transactions." bethenetworktxt: "Do you have a computer that you keep switched on all the time, that's connected to the Internet? You can help the community by simply running the <a href=\"#download#\"><b>full Bitcoin client</b></a> on it. The full client is more resource intensive and will take a complete day to synchronize. After that your computer will contribute to the network by checking and relaying transactions."
walletdesk: "Software wallets" walletdesk: "Software wallets"
walletdesktxt: "Software wallets are installed on your computer. They give you complete control over your wallet. You are responsible for protecting your money and doing backups." walletdesktxt: "Software wallets are installed on your computer. They give you complete control over your wallet. You are responsible for protecting your money and doing backups."
walletmobi: "Mobile wallets" walletmobi: "Mobile wallets"
walletmobitxt: "Mobile wallets allow you to bring Bitcoin with you in your pocket. You can exchange coins easily and pay in physical stores by scanning a QR code or using NFC \"tap to pay\"." walletmobitxt: "Mobile wallets allow you to bring Bitcoin with you in your pocket. You can exchange coins easily and pay in physical stores by scanning a QR code or using NFC \"tap to pay\"."
walletweb: "Web wallets" walletweb: "Web wallets"
walletwebtxt: "Web wallets allow you to use Bitcoin anywhere with less effort to protect your wallet. However, you must choose your web wallet with care as they host your bitcoins." walletwebtxt: "Web wallets allow you to use Bitcoin anywhere with less effort to protect your wallet. However, you must choose your web wallet with care as they host your bitcoins."
walletbitcoinqt: "Bitcoin-Qt is the original Bitcoin client and it builds the backbone of the network. It offers the highest levels of security, privacy, and stability. However, it has fewer features and it takes a lot of space and memory." walletbitcoinqt: "Bitcoin-Qt is a full Bitcoin client and builds the backbone of the network. It offers the highest levels of security, privacy, and stability. However, it has fewer features and it takes a lot of space and memory."
walletmultibit: "MultiBit is a lightweight client that focuses on being fast and easy to use. It synchronizes with the network and is ready to use in minutes. MultiBit also supports many languages. It is a good choice for non-technical users." walletmultibit: "MultiBit is a lightweight client that focuses on being fast and easy to use. It synchronizes with the network and is ready to use in minutes. MultiBit also supports many languages. It is a good choice for non-technical users."
walletarmory: "Armory is an advanced Bitcoin client that runs on top of Bitcoin-Qt. Expanding its features for Bitcoin power users. It offers many backup and encryption features, and it allows secure cold-storage on offline computers." walletarmory: "Armory is an advanced Bitcoin client that expands its features for Bitcoin power users. It offers many backup and encryption features, and it allows secure cold-storage on offline computers."
walletelectrum: "Electrum's focus is speed and simplicity, with low resource usage. It uses remote servers that handle the most complicated parts of the Bitcoin system, and it allows you to recover your wallet from a secret phrase." walletelectrum: "Electrum's focus is speed and simplicity, with low resource usage. It uses remote servers that handle the most complicated parts of the Bitcoin system, and it allows you to recover your wallet from a secret phrase."
walletbitcoinwallet: "Bitcoin Wallet is easy to use and reliable, while also being secure and fast. Its vision is de-centralization and zero trust: No central service is needed for Bitcoin-related operations. The app is available for Android and BlackBerry OS." walletbitcoinwallet: "Bitcoin Wallet for Android is easy to use and reliable, while also being secure and fast. Its vision is de-centralization and zero trust: No central service is needed for Bitcoin-related operations. The app is also available for BlackBerry OS."
walletblockchaininfomob: "Blockchain.info is an hybrid web wallet for mobiles. It is also available for iPhone in a restricted mode to fit Apple policies. It includes many blockchain.info features like web wallet backup." walletblockchaininfomob: "Blockchain.info is an hybrid web wallet for mobiles. It is also available for iPhone in a restricted mode to fit Apple policies. It includes many blockchain.info features like web wallet backup."
walletblockchaininfo: "Blockchain.info is a user-friendly hybrid wallet. It stores an encrypted version of your wallet online but decryption happens in your browser. For security reasons, you should always use the browser extension and email backups." walletblockchaininfo: "Blockchain.info is a user-friendly hybrid wallet. It stores an encrypted version of your wallet online but decryption happens in your browser. For security reasons, you should always use the browser extension and email backups."
walletpaytunia: "Paytunia is a mobile web wallet powered by Paymium that works with Bitcoin-central to give you access to Bitcoin exchanges right from your mobile. It is available for iPhone and Android support is coming soon." walletpaytunia: "Paytunia is a mobile web wallet powered by Paymium that works with Bitcoin-central to give you access to Bitcoin exchanges right from your mobile. It is available for iPhone and Android support is coming soon."
walletbips: "BIPS is a web wallet service from WalletBit that allows to buy and sell bitcoins easily in many countries. It also offers cold storage, wallet importation and many merchant tools features." walletbips: "BIPS is a web wallet service from WalletBit that allows to buy and sell bitcoins easily in many countries. It also offers cold storage, wallet importation and many merchant tools features."
walletcoinbase: "Coinbase is a web wallet service that aims to be the easiest to use. It also provides an Android web wallet app, merchant tools and integration with US bank accounts to buy and sell bitcoins." walletcoinbase: "Coinbase is a web wallet service that aims to be easy to use. It also provides an Android web wallet app, merchant tools and integration with US bank accounts to buy and sell bitcoins."
walletdownload: "<a href=\"#download#\">Download</a>" walletdownload: "<a href=\"#download#\">Download</a>"
walletvisit: "Visit website" walletvisit: "Visit website"
walletwebwarning: "Be careful" walletwebwarning: "Be careful"
walletwebwarningtxt: "Web wallets host your bitcoins. That means it is possible for them to lose your bitcoins following any incident on their side. As of today, no web wallet service provide enough insurance to be used to store value like a bank." walletwebwarningtxt: "Web wallets host your bitcoins. That means it is possible for them to lose your bitcoins following any incident on their side. As of today, no web wallet services provide enough insurance to be used to store value like a bank."
walletwebwarningok: "OK, I understand" walletwebwarningok: "OK, I understand"
wallettrustinfo: "Third party" wallettrustinfo: "Third party"
wallettrustinfotxt: "This wallet relies on a centralized service by default and requires a certain level of trust on a third party. This third party however does not control your wallet. Using backups and a strong password is always recommended when applicable." wallettrustinfotxt: "This wallet relies on a centralized service by default and requires a certain level of trust on a third party. This third party however does not control your wallet. Using backups and a strong password is always recommended when applicable."
@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ en:
disclosure: "Responsible disclosure" disclosure: "Responsible disclosure"
disclosuretxt: "If you find a vulnerability related to Bitcoin, non-critical vulnerabilities can be emailed in English to any of the core developers or sent to the private <a href=\"mailto:bitcoin-security@lists.sourceforge.net\">bitcoin-security@lists.sourceforge.net</a> mailing list. An example of a non-critical vulnerability would be an expensive-to-carry-out denial of service attack. Critical vulnerabilities that are too sensitive for unencrypted email should be sent to one or more of the core developers, encrypted with their PGP key(s)." disclosuretxt: "If you find a vulnerability related to Bitcoin, non-critical vulnerabilities can be emailed in English to any of the core developers or sent to the private <a href=\"mailto:bitcoin-security@lists.sourceforge.net\">bitcoin-security@lists.sourceforge.net</a> mailing list. An example of a non-critical vulnerability would be an expensive-to-carry-out denial of service attack. Critical vulnerabilities that are too sensitive for unencrypted email should be sent to one or more of the core developers, encrypted with their PGP key(s)."
involve: "Get involved" involve: "Get involved"
involvetxt1: "Bitcoin development is open-source and any developer can contribute to the project. Everything you need is in the <a href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin\">Github repository</a>. Please make sure to read and follow the development process described in the README, as well as to provide good quality code and respect all guidelines." involvetxt1: "Bitcoin development is open-source and any developer can contribute to the project. Everything you need is in the <a href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin\">GitHub repository</a>. Please make sure to read and follow the development process described in the README, as well as to provide good quality code and respect all guidelines."
involvetxt2: "Development discussion takes place on github and the <a href=\"http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/forum.php?forum_name=bitcoin-development\">bitcoin-development</a> mailing list at sourceforge. Less formal development discussion happens on irc.freenode.net #bitcoin-dev (&rarr;<a href=\"#\" onclick=\"freenodeShow(event);\" />web interface</a>; <a href=\"http://bitcoinstats.com\">logs</a>)." involvetxt2: "Development discussion takes place on GitHub and the <a href=\"http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/forum.php?forum_name=bitcoin-development\">bitcoin-development</a> mailing list at sourceforge. Less formal development discussion happens on irc.freenode.net #bitcoin-dev (&rarr;<a href=\"#\" onclick=\"freenodeShow(event);\" />web interface</a>; <a href=\"http://bitcoinstats.com\">logs</a>)."
more: "More open-source projects" more: "More open-source projects"
moremore: "Show more.." moremore: "Show more.."
contributors: "Bitcoin-Qt contributors" contributors: "Bitcoin-Qt contributors"
@ -177,14 +177,14 @@ en:
table: "Table of contents" table: "Table of contents"
general: "General" general: "General"
whatisbitcoin: "What is Bitcoin?" whatisbitcoin: "What is Bitcoin?"
whatisbitcointxt1: "Bitcoin is a consensus network and an open-source software platform that enables a new payment system and a completely digital money. It is the first decentralized peer-to-peer payment network that is powered by its users with no central authority or middlemen. From a user perspective, Bitcoin is pretty much like cash for the Internet. Bitcoin can also be seen as the most prominent <a href=\"http://financialcryptography.com/mt/archives/001325.html\">triple entry bookkeeping system</a> in existence." whatisbitcointxt1: "Bitcoin is a consensus network that enables a new payment system and a completely digital money. It is the first decentralized peer-to-peer payment network that is powered by its users with no central authority or middlemen. From a user perspective, Bitcoin is pretty much like cash for the Internet. Bitcoin can also be seen as the most prominent <a href=\"http://financialcryptography.com/mt/archives/001325.html\">triple entry bookkeeping system</a> in existence."
creator: "Who created Bitcoin?" creator: "Who created Bitcoin?"
creatortxt1: "Bitcoin is the first implementation of a concept called \"crypto-currency\", which was first described in 1998 by Wei Dai on the cypherpunks mailing list, suggesting the idea of a new form of money that uses cryptography to control its creation and transactions, rather than a central authority. The first Bitcoin specification and proof of concept was published in 2009 in a cryptography mailing list by Satoshi Nakamoto. Satoshi left the project in late 2010 without revealing much about himself. The community has since grown exponentially with <a href=\"#development#\">many developers</a> working on Bitcoin." creatortxt1: "Bitcoin is the first implementation of a concept called \"crypto-currency\", which was first described in 1998 by Wei Dai on the cypherpunks mailing list, suggesting the idea of a new form of money that uses cryptography to control its creation and transactions, rather than a central authority. The first Bitcoin specification and proof of concept was published in 2009 in a cryptography mailing list by Satoshi Nakamoto. Satoshi left the project in late 2010 without revealing much about himself. The community has since grown exponentially with <a href=\"#development#\">many developers</a> working on Bitcoin."
creatortxt2: "Satoshi's anonymity often raised unjustified concerns, many of which are linked to misunderstanding of the open-source nature of Bitcoin. The Bitcoin protocol and software are published openly and any developer around the world can review the code or make their own modified version of the Bitcoin software. Just like current developers, Satoshi's influence was limited to the changes he made being adopted by others and therefore he did not control Bitcoin. As such, the identity of Bitcoin's inventor is probably as relevant today as the identity of the person who invented paper." creatortxt2: "Satoshi's anonymity often raised unjustified concerns, many of which are linked to misunderstanding of the open-source nature of Bitcoin. The Bitcoin protocol and software are published openly and any developer around the world can review the code or make their own modified version of the Bitcoin software. Just like current developers, Satoshi's influence was limited to the changes he made being adopted by others and therefore he did not control Bitcoin. As such, the identity of Bitcoin's inventor is probably as relevant today as the identity of the person who invented paper."
whocontrols: "Who controls the Bitcoin network?" whocontrols: "Who controls the Bitcoin network?"
whocontrolstxt1: "Nobody owns the Bitcoin network much like no one owns the technology behind email. Bitcoin is controlled by all Bitcoin users around the world. While developers are improving the software, they can't force a change in the Bitcoin protocol because all users are free to choose what software and version they use. In order to stay compatible with each other, all users need to use software complying with the same rules. Bitcoin can only work correctly with a complete consensus among all users. Therefore, all users and developers have a strong incentive to protect this consensus." whocontrolstxt1: "Nobody owns the Bitcoin network much like no one owns the technology behind email. Bitcoin is controlled by all Bitcoin users around the world. While developers are improving the software, they can't force a change in the Bitcoin protocol because all users are free to choose what software and version they use. In order to stay compatible with each other, all users need to use software complying with the same rules. Bitcoin can only work correctly with a complete consensus among all users. Therefore, all users and developers have a strong incentive to protect this consensus."
howitworks: "How does Bitcoin work?" howitworks: "How does Bitcoin work?"
howitworkstxt1: "From a user perspective, Bitcoin is nothing more than a mobile app or computer program that provides personal Bitcoin addresses and allows a user to send and receive bitcoins with them. This is how Bitcoin works for most users." howitworkstxt1: "From a user perspective, Bitcoin is nothing more than a mobile app or computer program that provides a personal Bitcoin wallet and allows a user to send and receive bitcoins with them. This is how Bitcoin works for most users."
howitworkstxt2: "Behind the scenes, the Bitcoin network is sharing a public ledger called the \"block chain\". This ledger contains every transaction ever processed, allowing a user's computer to verify the validity of each transaction. The authenticity of each transaction is protected by digital signatures corresponding to the sending addresses, allowing all users to have full control over sending bitcoins from their own Bitcoin addresses. In addition, anyone can process transactions using the computing power of specialized hardware and earn a reward in bitcoins for this service. This is often called \"mining\". To learn more about Bitcoin, you can consult the <a href=\"#how-it-works#\">dedicated page</a> and the <a href=\"http://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf\">original paper</a>." howitworkstxt2: "Behind the scenes, the Bitcoin network is sharing a public ledger called the \"block chain\". This ledger contains every transaction ever processed, allowing a user's computer to verify the validity of each transaction. The authenticity of each transaction is protected by digital signatures corresponding to the sending addresses, allowing all users to have full control over sending bitcoins from their own Bitcoin addresses. In addition, anyone can process transactions using the computing power of specialized hardware and earn a reward in bitcoins for this service. This is often called \"mining\". To learn more about Bitcoin, you can consult the <a href=\"#how-it-works#\">dedicated page</a> and the <a href=\"http://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf\">original paper</a>."
used: "Is Bitcoin really used by people?" used: "Is Bitcoin really used by people?"
usedtxt1: "Yes. There is a <a href=\"http://usebitcoins.info/\">growing number of businesses</a> and individuals using Bitcoin. This includes brick and mortar businesses like restaurants, apartments, law firms, and popular online services such as Namecheap, WordPress, Reddit and Flattr. While Bitcoin remains a relatively new phenomenon, it is growing fast. At the end of August 2013, the <a href=\"http://blockchain.info/charts/market-cap\">value of all bitcoins in circulation</a> exceeded US$ 1.5 billion with millions of dollars worth of bitcoins exchanged daily." usedtxt1: "Yes. There is a <a href=\"http://usebitcoins.info/\">growing number of businesses</a> and individuals using Bitcoin. This includes brick and mortar businesses like restaurants, apartments, law firms, and popular online services such as Namecheap, WordPress, Reddit and Flattr. While Bitcoin remains a relatively new phenomenon, it is growing fast. At the end of August 2013, the <a href=\"http://blockchain.info/charts/market-cap\">value of all bitcoins in circulation</a> exceeded US$ 1.5 billion with millions of dollars worth of bitcoins exchanged daily."
@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ en:
acquireli2: "Purchase bitcoins at a <a href=\"http://howtobuybitcoins.info\">Bitcoin exchange</a>." acquireli2: "Purchase bitcoins at a <a href=\"http://howtobuybitcoins.info\">Bitcoin exchange</a>."
acquireli3: "Exchange bitcoins with <a href=\"https://localbitcoins.com/\">someone near you</a>." acquireli3: "Exchange bitcoins with <a href=\"https://localbitcoins.com/\">someone near you</a>."
acquireli4: "Earn bitcoins through competitive <a href=\"http://www.bitcoinmining.com/\">mining</a>." acquireli4: "Earn bitcoins through competitive <a href=\"http://www.bitcoinmining.com/\">mining</a>."
acquiretxt1: "While it is possible to find individuals who wish to sell bitcoins in exchange for a credit card or PayPal payment, most exchanges do not allow funding via these payment methods. This is due to repeated cases where someone pays for bitcoins with PayPal, and then successfully reverses the transaction. This is commonly referred to as a chargeback." acquiretxt1: "While it may be possible to find individuals who wish to sell bitcoins in exchange for a credit card or PayPal payment, most exchanges do not allow funding via these payment methods. This is due to cases where someone buys bitcoins with PayPal, and then reverses their half of the transaction. This is commonly referred to as a chargeback."
makepayment: "How difficult is it to make a Bitcoin payment?" makepayment: "How difficult is it to make a Bitcoin payment?"
makepaymenttxt1: "Bitcoin payments are easier to make than debit or credit card purchases, and can be received without a merchant account. Payments are made from a wallet application, either on your computer or smartphone, by entering the recipient's address, the payment amount, and pressing send. To make it easier to enter a recipient's address, many wallets can obtain the address by scanning a QR code or touching two phones together with NFC technology. Of course, a simple copy/paste works too and many wallets also have an address book where the address can be saved." makepaymenttxt1: "Bitcoin payments are easier to make than debit or credit card purchases, and can be received without a merchant account. Payments are made from a wallet application, either on your computer or smartphone, by entering the recipient's address, the payment amount, and pressing send. To make it easier to enter a recipient's address, many wallets can obtain the address by scanning a QR code or touching two phones together with NFC technology. Of course, a simple copy/paste works too and many wallets also have an address book where the address can be saved."
advantages: "What are the advantages of Bitcoin?" advantages: "What are the advantages of Bitcoin?"
@ -201,35 +201,35 @@ en:
advantagesli2: "<em><b>Very low fees</b></em> - Bitcoin payments are currently processed with either no fees or extremely small fees. Users may include fees with transactions to receive priority processing, which results in faster confirmation of transactions by the network. Additionally, merchant processors exist to assist merchants in processing transactions, converting bitcoins to fiat currency and depositing funds directly into merchants' bank accounts daily. As these services are based on Bitcoin, they can be offered for much lower fees than with PayPal or credit card networks." advantagesli2: "<em><b>Very low fees</b></em> - Bitcoin payments are currently processed with either no fees or extremely small fees. Users may include fees with transactions to receive priority processing, which results in faster confirmation of transactions by the network. Additionally, merchant processors exist to assist merchants in processing transactions, converting bitcoins to fiat currency and depositing funds directly into merchants' bank accounts daily. As these services are based on Bitcoin, they can be offered for much lower fees than with PayPal or credit card networks."
advantagesli3: "<em><b>Fewer risks for merchants</b></em> - Bitcoin transactions are secure, irreversible, and do not contain customers’ sensitive or personal information. This protects merchants from losses caused by fraud or fraudulent chargebacks, and there is no need for PCI compliance. Merchants can easily expand to new markets where either credit cards are not available or fraud rates are unacceptably high. The net results are lower fees, larger markets, and fewer administrative costs." advantagesli3: "<em><b>Fewer risks for merchants</b></em> - Bitcoin transactions are secure, irreversible, and do not contain customers’ sensitive or personal information. This protects merchants from losses caused by fraud or fraudulent chargebacks, and there is no need for PCI compliance. Merchants can easily expand to new markets where either credit cards are not available or fraud rates are unacceptably high. The net results are lower fees, larger markets, and fewer administrative costs."
advantagesli4: "<em><b>Security and control</b></em> - Bitcoin users are in full control of their transactions; it is impossible for merchants to force unwanted or unnoticed charges as can happen with other payment methods. Bitcoin payments can be made without personal information tied to the transaction. This offers strong protection against identity theft. Bitcoin users can also protect their money with backup and encryption." advantagesli4: "<em><b>Security and control</b></em> - Bitcoin users are in full control of their transactions; it is impossible for merchants to force unwanted or unnoticed charges as can happen with other payment methods. Bitcoin payments can be made without personal information tied to the transaction. This offers strong protection against identity theft. Bitcoin users can also protect their money with backup and encryption."
advantagesli5: "<em><b>Transparent and neutral</b></em> - <a href=\"http://blockchain.info\">All information</a> concerning the Bitcoin money supply is readily available on the block chain for anybody to verify and use in real-time. No individual or organization can control or manipulate the Bitcoin protocol because it is cryptographically secure. This allows the core of Bitcoin to be trusted for being completely neutral, transparent and predictable." advantagesli5: "<em><b>Transparent and neutral</b></em> - <a href=\"http://blockchain.info\">All information</a> concerning the Bitcoin money supply itself is readily available on the block chain for anybody to verify and use in real-time. No individual or organization can control or manipulate the Bitcoin protocol because it is cryptographically secure. This allows the core of Bitcoin to be trusted for being completely neutral, transparent and predictable."
disadvantages: "What are the disadvantages of Bitcoin?" disadvantages: "What are the disadvantages of Bitcoin?"
disadvantagesli1: "<em><b>Degree of acceptance</b></em> - Many people are still unaware of Bitcoin. Every day, more businesses accept bitcoins because they want the advantages of doing so, but the list remains small and still needs to grow in order to benefit from <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_effect\">network effects.</a>" disadvantagesli1: "<em><b>Degree of acceptance</b></em> - Many people are still unaware of Bitcoin. Every day, more businesses accept bitcoins because they want the advantages of doing so, but the list remains small and still needs to grow in order to benefit from <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_effect\">network effects.</a>"
disadvantagesli2: "<em><b>Volatility</b></em> - The <a href=\"https://blockchain.info/charts/market-cap\">total value</a> of bitcoins in circulation and the number of businesses using Bitcoin are still very small compared to what they could be. Therefore, relatively small movements in the market can significantly affect the price. In theory, this volatility will decrease as Bitcoin markets and the technology matures. Never before has the world seen a start-up currency, so it is truly difficult (and exciting) to imagine how it will play out." disadvantagesli2: "<em><b>Volatility</b></em> - The <a href=\"https://blockchain.info/charts/market-cap\">total value</a> of bitcoins in circulation and the number of businesses using Bitcoin are still very small compared to what they could be. Therefore, relatively small movements in the market can significantly affect the price. In theory, this volatility will decrease as Bitcoin markets and the technology matures. Never before has the world seen a start-up currency, so it is truly difficult (and exciting) to imagine how it will play out."
disadvantagesli3: "<em><b>Ongoing development</b></em> - Bitcoin software are still in beta with many incomplete features in active development. New tools, features, and services are being developed to make Bitcoin more secure and accessible to the masses. Some of these are still not ready for everyone. Most Bitcoin businesses are new and still offer no insurance. In general, Bitcoin is still in the process of maturing." disadvantagesli3: "<em><b>Ongoing development</b></em> - Bitcoin software is still in beta with many incomplete features in active development. New tools, features, and services are being developed to make Bitcoin more secure and accessible to the masses. Some of these are still not ready for everyone. Most Bitcoin businesses are new and still offer no insurance. In general, Bitcoin is still in the process of maturing."
trust: "Why do people trust Bitcoin?" trust: "Why do people trust Bitcoin?"
trusttxt1: "Much of the trust in Bitcoin comes from the fact that it requires no trust at all. Bitcoin is fully open-source and decentralized. This means that anyone has access to the entire source code at any time. Any developer in the world can therefore verify exactly how Bitcoin works. All transactions and bitcoins issued into existence can be transparently consulted in real-time by anyone. All payments can be made without reliance on a third party and the whole system is protected by heavily peer-reviewed cryptographic algorithms like those used for online banking. No organization or individual can control Bitcoin, and the network remains secure even if not all of its users can be trusted." trusttxt1: "Much of the trust in Bitcoin comes from the fact that it requires no trust at all. Bitcoin is fully open-source and decentralized. This means that anyone has access to the entire source code at any time. Any developer in the world can therefore verify exactly how Bitcoin works. All transactions and bitcoins issued into existence can be transparently consulted in real-time by anyone. All payments can be made without reliance on a third party and the whole system is protected by heavily peer-reviewed cryptographic algorithms like those used for online banking. No organization or individual can control Bitcoin, and the network remains secure even if not all of its users can be trusted."
makemoney: "Can I make money with Bitcoin?" makemoney: "Can I make money with Bitcoin?"
makemoneytxt1: "You should never expect to get rich with Bitcoin or any emerging technology. It is always important to be wary of anything that sounds too good to be true or disobeys basic economic rules." makemoneytxt1: "You should never expect to get rich with Bitcoin or any emerging technology. It is always important to be wary of anything that sounds too good to be true or disobeys basic economic rules."
makemoneytxt2: "Bitcoin is a growing space of innovation and there are business opportunities that also include risks. There is no guarantee that Bitcoin will continue to grow even though it has developed at a very fast rate so far. Investing time and resources on anything related to Bitcoin requires entrepreneurship. There are various ways to make money with Bitcoin such as mining, speculation or running new businesses. All of these methods are competitive and there is no guarantee of profit. It is up to each individual to make a proper evaluation of the costs and the risks involved in any such project." makemoneytxt2: "Bitcoin is a growing space of innovation and there are business opportunities that also include risks. There is no guarantee that Bitcoin will continue to grow even though it has developed at a very fast rate so far. Investing time and resources on anything related to Bitcoin requires entrepreneurship. There are various ways to make money with Bitcoin such as mining, speculation or running new businesses. All of these methods are competitive and there is no guarantee of profit. It is up to each individual to make a proper evaluation of the costs and the risks involved in any such project."
virtual: "Is Bitcoin fully virtual and immaterial?" virtual: "Is Bitcoin fully virtual and immaterial?"
virtualtxt1: "Bitcoin is as virtual as the credit cards and online banking networks people use everyday. Bitcoin can be used to pay online and in physical stores just like any other form of money. Bitcoins can also be exchanged in physical form such as the <a href=\"https://www.casascius.com/\">Casascius coins</a>, but paying with a mobile phone remains more convenient. Bitcoin balances are stored in a large distributed network, and they cannot be fraudulently altered by anybody. In other words, Bitcoin users have exclusive control over their funds and bitcoins cannot vanish just because they are virtual." virtualtxt1: "Bitcoin is as virtual as the credit cards and online banking networks people use everyday. Bitcoin can be used to pay online and in physical stores just like any other form of money. Bitcoins can also be exchanged in physical form such as the <a href=\"https://www.casascius.com/\">Casascius coins</a>, but paying with a mobile phone usually remains more convenient. Bitcoin balances are stored in a large distributed network, and they cannot be fraudulently altered by anybody. In other words, Bitcoin users have exclusive control over their funds and bitcoins cannot vanish just because they are virtual."
anonymous: "Is Bitcoin anonymous?" anonymous: "Is Bitcoin anonymous?"
anonymoustxt1: "Bitcoin is designed to allow its users to send and receive payments with an acceptable level of privacy as well as any other form of money. Bitcoin is however not anonymous and cannot offer the same level of privacy as cash. The use of Bitcoin leaves extensive public records. Various mechanisms exist or are being developed to protect users' privacy. However, there is still work to be done before these features are used correctly by the majority of all Bitcoin users." anonymoustxt1: "Bitcoin is designed to allow its users to send and receive payments with an acceptable level of privacy as well as any other form of money. However, Bitcoin is not anonymous and cannot offer the same level of privacy as cash. The use of Bitcoin leaves extensive public records. Various mechanisms exist to protect users' privacy, and more are in development. However, there is still work to be done before these features are used correctly by most Bitcoin users."
anonymoustxt2: "Some concerns have been raised that private transactions could be used for illegal purposes with Bitcoin. However, it is worth noting that Bitcoin will undoubtedly be subjected to similar regulations that are already in place inside existing financial systems. Bitcoin cannot be more anonymous than cash and it is not likely to prevent criminal investigations from being conducted. Additionally, Bitcoin is also designed to prevent a large range of financial crimes." anonymoustxt2: "Some concerns have been raised that private transactions could be used for illegal purposes with Bitcoin. However, it is worth noting that Bitcoin will undoubtedly be subjected to similar regulations that are already in place inside existing financial systems. Bitcoin cannot be more anonymous than cash and it is not likely to prevent criminal investigations from being conducted. Additionally, Bitcoin is also designed to prevent a large range of financial crimes."
lost: "What happens when bitcoins are lost?" lost: "What happens when bitcoins are lost?"
losttxt1: "When a user loses his wallet, it has the effect of removing money out of circulation. Lost bitcoins still remain in the block chain just like any other bitcoins. However, lost bitcoins remain dormant forever because there is no way for anybody to find the private key that would allow them to be spent again. Because of the law of supply and demand, when fewer bitcoins are available, the ones that are left will be in higher demand and increase in value to compensate." losttxt1: "When a user loses his wallet, it has the effect of removing money out of circulation. Lost bitcoins still remain in the block chain just like any other bitcoins. However, lost bitcoins remain dormant forever because there is no way for anybody to find the private key(s) that would allow them to be spent again. Because of the law of supply and demand, when fewer bitcoins are available, the ones that are left will be in higher demand and increase in value to compensate."
scale: "Can Bitcoin scale to become a major payment network?" scale: "Can Bitcoin scale to become a major payment network?"
scaletxt1: "The Bitcoin network can already process a much higher number of transactions per second than today. It is however not entirely ready to scale to the level of a credit card network. Work is underway to lift current limitations, and future requirements are well known. Since inception, every aspect of the Bitcoin network has been in a continuous process of maturation, optimization, and specialization, and it should be expected to remain that way for years to come. As traffic grows, more Bitcoin users will use lightweight clients, and full network nodes will become a more specialized service. For more details, see the <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Scalability\">Scalability</a> page on the Wiki." scaletxt1: "The Bitcoin network can already process a much higher number of transactions per second than it does today. It is, however, not entirely ready to scale to the level of major credit card networks. Work is underway to lift current limitations, and future requirements are well known. Since inception, every aspect of the Bitcoin network has been in a continuous process of maturation, optimization, and specialization, and it should be expected to remain that way for some years to come. As traffic grows, more Bitcoin users may use lightweight clients, and full network nodes may become a more specialized service. For more details, see the <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Scalability\">Scalability</a> page on the Wiki."
legal: "Legal" legal: "Legal"
islegal: "Is Bitcoin legal?" islegal: "Is Bitcoin legal?"
islegaltxt1: "To the best of our knowledge, Bitcoin has not been made illegal by legislation in any jurisdiction. However, some jurisdictions severely restrict or ban all foreign currency, like Argentina. Other jurisdictions may limit the licensing of certain entities such as Bitcoin exchanges, like Thailand." islegaltxt1: "To the best of our knowledge, Bitcoin has not been made illegal by legislation in any jurisdiction. However, some jurisdictions (such as Argentina) severely restrict or ban all foreign currency. Other jurisdictions (such as Thailand) may limit the licensing of certain entities such as Bitcoin exchanges."
islegaltxt2: "Regulators from various jurisdictions are taking steps to provide individuals and businesses with rules on how to integrate this new technology with the formal, regulated financial system. For example, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), a bureau in the United States Treasury Department, issued non-binding guidance on how it characterizes certain activities involving virtual currencies." islegaltxt2: "Regulators from various jurisdictions are taking steps to provide individuals and businesses with rules on how to integrate this new technology with the formal, regulated financial system. For example, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), a bureau in the United States Treasury Department, issued non-binding guidance on how it characterizes certain activities involving virtual currencies."
illegalactivities: "Is Bitcoin useful for illegal activities?" illegalactivities: "Is Bitcoin useful for illegal activities?"
illegalactivitiestxt1: "Bitcoin is money, and money has always been used both for legal and illegal purposes. Cash, credit cards and current banking systems widely surpass Bitcoin in terms of their use to finance crime. Bitcoin can bring significant innovation in payment systems and the benefits of such innovation are considered to be far beyond their potential drawbacks." illegalactivitiestxt1: "Bitcoin is money, and money has always been used both for legal and illegal purposes. Cash, credit cards and current banking systems widely surpass Bitcoin in terms of their use to finance crime. Bitcoin can bring significant innovation in payment systems and the benefits of such innovation are often considered to be far beyond their potential drawbacks."
illegalactivitiestxt2: "Bitcoin is designed to be a huge step forward in making money more secure and could also act as significant protection against many forms of financial crime. For instance, bitcoins are completely impossible to counterfeit. Users are in full control of their payments and cannot receive unwanted charges like those used in credit card frauds. Bitcoin transactions are irreversible and immune to fraudulent chargebacks. Bitcoin allows money to be secured against theft and loss using very strong and useful mechanisms such as backups, encryption, and multiple signatures." illegalactivitiestxt2: "Bitcoin is designed to be a huge step forward in making money more secure and could also act as significant protection against many forms of financial crime. For instance, bitcoins are completely impossible to counterfeit. Users are in full control of their payments and cannot receive unapproved charges such as with credit card fraud. Bitcoin transactions are irreversible and immune to fraudulent chargebacks. Bitcoin allows money to be secured against theft and loss using very strong and useful mechanisms such as backups, encryption, and multiple signatures."
illegalactivitiestxt3: "Some concerns have been raised that Bitcoin could be more attractive to criminals because it can be used to make private and irreversible payments. However, these features already exist with cash and wire transfer, which are widely used and well-established. The use of Bitcoin will undoubtedly be subjected to similar regulations that are already in place inside existing financial systems, and Bitcoin is not likely to prevent criminal investigations from being conducted. In general, it is common for important breakthroughs to be perceived as being controversial before their benefits are well understood. The Internet is a good example among many others to illustrate this." illegalactivitiestxt3: "Some concerns have been raised that Bitcoin could be more attractive to criminals because it can be used to make private and irreversible payments. However, these features already exist with cash and wire transfer, which are widely used and well-established. The use of Bitcoin will undoubtedly be subjected to similar regulations that are already in place inside existing financial systems, and Bitcoin is not likely to prevent criminal investigations from being conducted. In general, it is common for important breakthroughs to be perceived as being controversial before their benefits are well understood. The Internet is a good example among many others to illustrate this."
regulated: "Can Bitcoin be regulated?" regulated: "Can Bitcoin be regulated?"
regulatedtxt1: "The Bitcoin protocol itself cannot be modified against the will of its users as long as most of them remain free to choose what software they use. Attempting to assign special rights to a local authority in the rules of the global Bitcoin network is likely doomed not to succeed. Any rich organization could choose to invest in mining hardware to control half of the computing power of the network and become able to block or reverse recent transactions. However, there is no guarantee that they could retain this power since this requires to invest as much than all other miners in the world." regulatedtxt1: "The Bitcoin protocol itself cannot be modified without the cooperation of nearly all its users, who choose what software they use. Attempting to assign special rights to a local authority in the rules of the global Bitcoin network is not a practical possibility. Any rich organization could choose to invest in mining hardware to control half of the computing power of the network and become able to block or reverse recent transactions. However, there is no guarantee that they could retain this power since this requires to invest as much than all other miners in the world."
regulatedtxt2: "It is however possible to regulate the use of Bitcoin in a similar way to any other instrument. Just like the dollar, Bitcoin can be used for a wide variety of purposes, some of which can be considered legitimate or not as per each jurisdiction's laws. In this regard, Bitcoin is no different than any other tool or resource and can be subjected to different regulations in each country. Bitcoin use could also be made difficult by restrictive regulations, in which case it is hard to determine what percentage of users would keep using the technology. A government that chooses to ban Bitcoin would prevent domestic businesses and markets from developing, shifting innovation to other countries. The challenge for regulators, as always, is to develop efficient solutions while not impairing the growth of new emerging markets and businesses." regulatedtxt2: "It is however possible to regulate the use of Bitcoin in a similar way to any other instrument. Just like the dollar, Bitcoin can be used for a wide variety of purposes, some of which can be considered legitimate or not as per each jurisdiction's laws. In this regard, Bitcoin is no different than any other tool or resource and can be subjected to different regulations in each country. Bitcoin use could also be made difficult by restrictive regulations, in which case it is hard to determine what percentage of users would keep using the technology. A government that chooses to ban Bitcoin would prevent domestic businesses and markets from developing, shifting innovation to other countries. The challenge for regulators, as always, is to develop efficient solutions while not impairing the growth of new emerging markets and businesses."
taxes: "What about Bitcoin and taxes?" taxes: "What about Bitcoin and taxes?"
taxestxt1: "Bitcoin is not a fiat currency with legal tender status in any jurisdiction, but often tax liability accrues regardless of the medium used. There is a wide variety of legislation in many different jurisdictions which could cause income, sales, payroll, capital gains, or some other form of tax liability to arise with Bitcoin." taxestxt1: "Bitcoin is not a fiat currency with legal tender status in any jurisdiction, but often tax liability accrues regardless of the medium used. There is a wide variety of legislation in many different jurisdictions which could cause income, sales, payroll, capital gains, or some other form of tax liability to arise with Bitcoin."
@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ en:
earlyadopter: "Doesn't Bitcoin unfairly benefit early adopters?" earlyadopter: "Doesn't Bitcoin unfairly benefit early adopters?"
earlyadoptertxt1: "Some early adopters have large numbers of bitcoins because they took risks and invested time and resources in an unproven technology that was hardly used by anyone and that was much harder to secure properly. Many early adopters spent large numbers of bitcoins quite a few times before they became valuable or bought only small amounts and didn't make huge gains. There is no guarantee that the price of a bitcoin will increase or drop. This is very similar to investing in an early startup that can either gain value through its usefulness and popularity, or just never break through. Bitcoin is still in its infancy, and it has been designed with a very long-term view; it is hard to imagine how it could be less biased towards early adopters, and today's users may or may not be the early adopters of tomorrow." earlyadoptertxt1: "Some early adopters have large numbers of bitcoins because they took risks and invested time and resources in an unproven technology that was hardly used by anyone and that was much harder to secure properly. Many early adopters spent large numbers of bitcoins quite a few times before they became valuable or bought only small amounts and didn't make huge gains. There is no guarantee that the price of a bitcoin will increase or drop. This is very similar to investing in an early startup that can either gain value through its usefulness and popularity, or just never break through. Bitcoin is still in its infancy, and it has been designed with a very long-term view; it is hard to imagine how it could be less biased towards early adopters, and today's users may or may not be the early adopters of tomorrow."
finitelimitation: "Won't the finite amount of bitcoins be a limitation?" finitelimitation: "Won't the finite amount of bitcoins be a limitation?"
finitelimitationtxt1: "Bitcoin is unique in that only 21 million bitcoins will ever be created. However, this will never be a limitation because bitcoins can be divided up to 8 decimal places ( 0.000 000 01 BTC ) and potentially even smaller units if that is ever required in the future. As the average transaction size decreases, transactions can be denominated in sub-units of a bitcoin, such as mBTC ( 0.001 BTC ), µBTC ( 0.000 001 BTC ) or satoshis ( 0.000 000 01 BTC )." finitelimitationtxt1: "Bitcoin is unique in that only 21 million bitcoins will ever be created. However, this will never be a limitation because bitcoins can be divided up to 8 decimal places ( 0.000 000 01 BTC ) and potentially even smaller units if that is ever required in the future. As the average transaction size decreases, transactions can be denominated in sub-units of a bitcoin, such as millibitcoins ( 1 mBTC or 0.001 BTC )."
deflationaryspiral: "Won't Bitcoin fall in a deflationary spiral?" deflationaryspiral: "Won't Bitcoin fall in a deflationary spiral?"
deflationaryspiraltxt1: "The deflationary spiral theory says that if prices are expected to fall, people will move purchases into the future in order to benefit from the lower prices. That fall in demand will in turn cause merchants to lower their prices to try and stimulate demand, making the problem worse and leading to an economic depression." deflationaryspiraltxt1: "The deflationary spiral theory says that if prices are expected to fall, people will move purchases into the future in order to benefit from the lower prices. That fall in demand will in turn cause merchants to lower their prices to try and stimulate demand, making the problem worse and leading to an economic depression."
deflationaryspiraltxt2: "Although this theory is a popular way to justify inflation amongst central bankers, it does not appear to always hold true and is considered controversial amongst economists. Consumer electronics is one example of a market where prices constantly fall but which is not in depression. Similarly, the value of bitcoins has risen over time and yet the size of the Bitcoin economy has also grown dramatically along with it. Because both the value of the currency and the size of its economy started at zero in 2009, Bitcoin is a counterexample to the theory showing that it must sometimes be wrong." deflationaryspiraltxt2: "Although this theory is a popular way to justify inflation amongst central bankers, it does not appear to always hold true and is considered controversial amongst economists. Consumer electronics is one example of a market where prices constantly fall but which is not in depression. Similarly, the value of bitcoins has risen over time and yet the size of the Bitcoin economy has also grown dramatically along with it. Because both the value of the currency and the size of its economy started at zero in 2009, Bitcoin is a counterexample to the theory showing that it must sometimes be wrong."
@ -267,40 +267,40 @@ en:
bettercurrencytxt1: "That can happen. For now, Bitcoin remains by far the most popular decentralized virtual currency, but there can be no guarantee that it will retain that position. There is already a set of alternative currencies inspired by Bitcoin. It is however probably correct to assume that significant improvements would be required for a new currency to overtake Bitcoin in terms of established market, even though this remains unpredictable. Bitcoin could also conceivably adopt improvements of a competing currency so long as it doesn't change fundamental parts of the protocol." bettercurrencytxt1: "That can happen. For now, Bitcoin remains by far the most popular decentralized virtual currency, but there can be no guarantee that it will retain that position. There is already a set of alternative currencies inspired by Bitcoin. It is however probably correct to assume that significant improvements would be required for a new currency to overtake Bitcoin in terms of established market, even though this remains unpredictable. Bitcoin could also conceivably adopt improvements of a competing currency so long as it doesn't change fundamental parts of the protocol."
transactions: "Transactions" transactions: "Transactions"
tenminutes: "Why do I have to wait 10 minutes?" tenminutes: "Why do I have to wait 10 minutes?"
tenminutestxt1: "Receiving a payment is almost instant with Bitcoin. However, there is a 10 minutes delay on average before the network begins to confirm your transaction by including it in a block and before you can spend the bitcoins you receive. A confirmation means that there is a consensus on the network that the bitcoins you received haven't been sent to anyone else and are considered your property. Once your transaction has been included in one block, it will continue to be buried under every block after it, which will exponentially consolidate this consensus and decrease the risk of a reversed transaction. Every user is free to determine at what point they consider a transaction confirmed, but 6 confirmations is often considered to be as safe as waiting 6 months on a credit card transaction." tenminutestxt1: "Receiving a payment is almost instant with Bitcoin. However, there is a 10 minutes delay on average before the network begins to confirm your transaction by including it in a block and before you can spend the bitcoins you receive. A confirmation means that there is a consensus on the network that the bitcoins you received haven't been sent to anyone else and are considered your property. Once your transaction has been included in one block, it will continue to be buried under every block after it, which will exponentially consolidate this consensus and decrease the risk of a reversed transaction. Every user is free to determine at what point they consider a transaction confirmed, but 6 blocks is often considered to be as safe as waiting 6 months on a credit card transaction."
fee: "How much will the transaction fee be?" fee: "How much will the transaction fee be?"
feetxt1: "Most transactions can be processed without fees, but users are encouraged to pay a small voluntary fee for faster confirmation of their transactions and to remunerate miners. When fees are required, they generally don't exceed a few pennies in value. Your Bitcoin client will usually try to estimate an appropriate fee when required." feetxt1: "Most transactions can be processed without fees, but users are encouraged to pay a small voluntary fee for faster confirmation of their transactions and to remunerate miners. When fees are required, they generally don't exceed a few pennies in value. Your Bitcoin client will usually try to estimate an appropriate fee when required."
feetxt2: "Transaction fees are used as a protection against users sending transactions to overload the network. The precise manner in which fees work is still being developed and will change over time. Because the fee is not related to the amount of bitcoins being sent, it may seem extremely low (0.0005 BTC for a 1,000 BTC transfer) or unfairly high (0.004 BTC for a 0.02 BTC payment). The fee is defined by attributes such as data in transaction and transaction recurrence. For example, if you are receiving a large number of tiny amounts, then fees for sending will be higher. Such payments are comparable to paying a restaurant bill using only pennies. Spending small fractions of your bitcoins rapidly may also require a fee. If your activity follows the pattern of conventional transactions, the fees should remain very low." feetxt2: "Transaction fees are used as a protection against users sending transactions to overload the network. The precise manner in which fees work is still being developed and will change over time. Because the fee is not related to the amount of bitcoins being sent, it may seem extremely low (0.0005 BTC for a 1,000 BTC transfer) or unfairly high (0.004 BTC for a 0.02 BTC payment). The fee is defined by attributes such as data in transaction and transaction recurrence. For example, if you are receiving a large number of tiny amounts, then fees for sending will be higher. Such payments are comparable to paying a restaurant bill using only pennies. Spending small fractions of your bitcoins rapidly may also require a fee. If your activity follows the pattern of conventional transactions, the fees should remain very low."
poweredoff: "What if I receive a bitcoin when my computer is powered off?" poweredoff: "What if I receive a bitcoin when my computer is powered off?"
poweredofftxt1: "This works fine. The bitcoins will appear next time you start your wallet application. Bitcoins are not actually received by the software on your computer, they are appended to a public ledger that is shared between all the devices on the network. If you are sent bitcoins when your wallet client program is not running and you later launch it, it will download blocks and catch up with any transactions it did not already know about, and the bitcoins will eventually appear as if they were just received in real time. Your wallet is only needed when you wish to spend bitcoins." poweredofftxt1: "This works fine. The bitcoins will appear next time you start your wallet application. Bitcoins are not actually received by the software on your computer, they are appended to a public ledger that is shared between all the devices on the network. If you are sent bitcoins when your wallet client program is not running and you later launch it, it will download blocks and catch up with any transactions it did not already know about, and the bitcoins will eventually appear as if they were just received in real time. Your wallet is only needed when you wish to spend bitcoins."
sync: "What does \"synchronizing\" mean and why does it take so long?" sync: "What does \"synchronizing\" mean and why does it take so long?"
synctxt1: "Long synchronization time is only required with full node clients like Bitcoin-Qt. Technically speaking, synchronizing is the process of downloading and verifying all previous Bitcoin transactions on the network. For a Bitcoin client to calculate the spendable balance of your Bitcoin addresses and make new transactions, it needs to be aware of all previous transactions. This step can be resource intensive and requires sufficient bandwidth and storage to accommodate the <a href=\"http://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">full size of the block chain</a>. For Bitcoin to remain secure, enough people should keep using full node clients because they perform the task of validating and relaying transactions." synctxt1: "Long synchronization time is only required with full node clients like Bitcoin-Qt. Technically speaking, synchronizing is the process of downloading and verifying all previous Bitcoin transactions on the network. For some Bitcoin clients to calculate the spendable balance of your Bitcoin wallet and make new transactions, it needs to be aware of all previous transactions. This step can be resource intensive and requires sufficient bandwidth and storage to accommodate the <a href=\"http://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">full size of the block chain</a>. For Bitcoin to remain secure, enough people should keep using full node clients because they perform the task of validating and relaying transactions."
mining: "Mining" mining: "Mining"
whatismining: "What is Bitcoin mining?" whatismining: "What is Bitcoin mining?"
whatisminingtxt1: "Mining is the process of spending computing power to process transactions, secure the network, and keep everyone in the system synchronized together. It can be perceived like the Bitcoin data center except that it has been designed to be fully decentralized with miners operating in all countries and no individual having control over the network. This process is referred to as \"mining\" as an analogy to gold mining because it is also a temporary mechanism used to issue new bitcoins. Unlike gold mining, however, Bitcoin mining provides a reward in exchange for useful services required to operate a secure payment network. Mining will still be required after the last bitcoin is issued." whatisminingtxt1: "Mining is the process of spending computing power to process transactions, secure the network, and keep everyone in the system synchronized together. It can be perceived like the Bitcoin data center except that it has been designed to be fully decentralized with miners operating in all countries and no individual having control over the network. This process is referred to as \"mining\" as an analogy to gold mining because it is also a temporary mechanism used to issue new bitcoins. Unlike gold mining, however, Bitcoin mining provides a reward in exchange for useful services required to operate a secure payment network. Mining will still be required after the last bitcoin is issued."
howminingworks: "How does Bitcoin mining work?" howminingworks: "How does Bitcoin mining work?"
howminingworkstxt1: "Anybody can become a Bitcoin miner by running software with specialized hardware. Mining software listens for transactions broadcast through the peer-to-peer network and performs appropriate tasks to process and confirm these transactions. Bitcoin miners perform this work because they can earn transaction fees paid by users for faster transaction processing, and newly created bitcoins issued into existence according to a fixed formula." howminingworkstxt1: "Anybody can become a Bitcoin miner by running software with specialized hardware. Mining software listens for transactions broadcast through the peer-to-peer network and performs appropriate tasks to process and confirm these transactions. Bitcoin miners perform this work because they can earn transaction fees paid by users for faster transaction processing, and newly created bitcoins issued into existence according to a fixed formula."
howminingworkstxt2: "For new transactions to be confirmed, they need to be included in a block along with mathematic proofs of work. Such proofs are very hard to generate because there is no way to create them other than by trying billions of random calculations per second. This requires miners to perform these calculations before their blocks are accepted by the network and before they are rewarded. As more people start to mine, the difficulty of finding valid blocks is automatically increased by the network to ensure that the average time to find a block remains equal to 10 minutes. As a result, mining is a very competitive business where no individual miner can control what is included in the block chain." howminingworkstxt2: "For new transactions to be confirmed, they need to be included in a block along with a mathematical proof of work. Such proofs are very hard to generate because there is no way to create them other than by trying billions of calculations per second. This requires miners to perform these calculations before their blocks are accepted by the network and before they are rewarded. As more people start to mine, the difficulty of finding valid blocks is automatically increased by the network to ensure that the average time to find a block remains equal to 10 minutes. As a result, mining is a very competitive business where no individual miner can control what is included in the block chain."
howminingworkstxt3: "Proofs of work are also designed to depend on the previous block to force a chronological order in the block chain. This makes it exponentially difficult to reverse previous transactions because this requires the recalculation of the proofs of work of all the subsequent blocks. When two blocks are found at the same time, miners work on the first block they receive and switch to the longest chain of blocks as soon as the next block is found. This allows mining to secure and maintain a global consensus based on processing power." howminingworkstxt3: "The proof of work is also designed to depend on the previous block to force a chronological order in the block chain. This makes it exponentially difficult to reverse previous transactions because this requires the recalculation of the proofs of work of all the subsequent blocks. When two blocks are found at the same time, miners work on the first block they receive and switch to the longest chain of blocks as soon as the next block is found. This allows mining to secure and maintain a global consensus based on processing power."
howminingworkstxt4: "Bitcoin miners are neither able to cheat by increasing their own reward nor process fraudulent transactions that could corrupt the Bitcoin network because all Bitcoin nodes would reject any block that contains invalid data as per the rules of the Bitcoin protocol. Consequently, the network remains secure even if not all Bitcoin miners can be trusted." howminingworkstxt4: "Bitcoin miners are neither able to cheat by increasing their own reward nor process fraudulent transactions that could corrupt the Bitcoin network because all Bitcoin nodes would reject any block that contains invalid data as per the rules of the Bitcoin protocol. Consequently, the network remains secure even if not all Bitcoin miners can be trusted."
miningwaste: "Isn't Bitcoin mining a waste of energy?" miningwaste: "Isn't Bitcoin mining a waste of energy?"
miningwastetxt1: "Spending energy to secure and operate a payment system is hardly a waste. Like any other payment service, the use of Bitcoin entails processing costs. Services necessary for the operation of currently widespread monetary systems, such as banks, credit cards, and armored vehicles, also use a lot of energy. Although unlike Bitcoin, their total energy consumption is not transparent and cannot be measured." miningwastetxt1: "Spending energy to secure and operate a payment system is hardly a waste. Like any other payment service, the use of Bitcoin entails processing costs. Services necessary for the operation of currently widespread monetary systems, such as banks, credit cards, and armored vehicles, also use a lot of energy. Although unlike Bitcoin, their total energy consumption is not transparent and cannot be as easily measured."
miningwastetxt2: "Bitcoin mining has been designed to become more optimized over time with specialized hardware consuming less energy, and the operating costs of mining should continue to be proportional to demand. When Bitcoin mining becomes too competitive and less profitable, some miners choose to stop their activities. Furthermore, all energy expended mining is eventually transformed into heat, and the most profitable miners will be those who have put this heat to good use. An optimally efficient mining network is one that isn't actually consuming any extra energy. While this is an ideal, the economics of mining are such that miners individually strive toward it." miningwastetxt2: "Bitcoin mining has been designed to become more optimized over time with specialized hardware consuming less energy, and the operating costs of mining should continue to be proportional to demand. When Bitcoin mining becomes too competitive and less profitable, some miners choose to stop their activities. Furthermore, all energy expended mining is eventually transformed into heat, and the most profitable miners will be those who have put this heat to good use. An optimally efficient mining network is one that isn't actually consuming any extra energy. While this is an ideal, the economics of mining are such that miners individually strive toward it."
miningsecure: "How does mining help secure Bitcoin?" miningsecure: "How does mining help secure Bitcoin?"
miningsecuretxt1: "Mining creates the equivalent of a competitive lottery that makes it very difficult for anyone to consecutively add new blocks of transactions into the block chain. This protects the neutrality of the network by preventing any individual from gaining the power to block certain transactions. This also prevents any individual from replacing parts of the block chain to roll back their own spends, which could be used to defraud other users. Mining makes it exponentially more difficult to reverse a past transaction by requiring the rewriting of all blocks following this transaction." miningsecuretxt1: "Mining creates the equivalent of a competitive lottery that makes it very difficult for anyone to consecutively add new blocks of transactions into the block chain. This protects the neutrality of the network by preventing any individual from gaining the power to block certain transactions. This also prevents any individual from replacing parts of the block chain to roll back their own spends, which could be used to defraud other users. Mining makes it exponentially more difficult to reverse a past transaction by requiring the rewriting of all blocks following this transaction."
miningstart: "What do I need to start mining?" miningstart: "What do I need to start mining?"
miningstarttxt1: "In the early days of Bitcoin, anyone could find a new block using their computer's CPU. As more and more people started mining, the difficulty of finding new blocks increased greatly to the point where the only cost-effective method of mining today is using specialized hardware (ex. ASICs). You can visit <a href=\"http://www.bitcoinmining.com/\">BitcoinMining.com</a> for more information." miningstarttxt1: "In the early days of Bitcoin, anyone could find a new block using their computer's CPU. As more and more people started mining, the difficulty of finding new blocks increased greatly to the point where the only cost-effective method of mining today is using specialized hardware. You can visit <a href=\"http://www.bitcoinmining.com/\">BitcoinMining.com</a> for more information."
security: "Security" security: "Security"
secure: "Is Bitcoin secure?" secure: "Is Bitcoin secure?"
securetxt1: "The Bitcoin technology - the protocol and the cryptography - has a strong security track record, and the Bitcoin network is probably the biggest distributed computing project in the world. Bitcoin's vulnerability is in user error. Bitcoin wallet files that store the necessary private keys can be accidentally deleted, lost or stolen. This is pretty similar to physical cash stored in a digital form. Fortunately, users can employ sound <a href=\"#secure-your-wallet#\">security practices</a> to protect their money or use service providers that offer good levels of security and insurance against theft or loss." securetxt1: "The Bitcoin technology - the protocol and the cryptography - has a strong security track record, and the Bitcoin network is probably the biggest distributed computing project in the world. Bitcoin's most common vulnerability is in user error. Bitcoin wallet files that store the necessary private keys can be accidentally deleted, lost or stolen. This is pretty similar to physical cash stored in a digital form. Fortunately, users can employ sound <a href=\"#secure-your-wallet#\">security practices</a> to protect their money or use service providers that offer good levels of security and insurance against theft or loss."
hacked: "Hasn't Bitcoin been hacked in the past?" hacked: "Hasn't Bitcoin been hacked in the past?"
hackedtxt1: "The rules of the protocol and the cryptography used for Bitcoin are still working years after its inception, which is a good indication that the concept is well designed. However, <a href=\"http://bitcoin.org/en/alerts\">security flaws</a> have been found and fixed over time in various software implementations. Like any other form of software, the security of Bitcoin software depends on the speed with which problems are found and fixed. The more such issues are discovered, the more Bitcoin is gaining maturity." hackedtxt1: "The rules of the protocol and the cryptography used for Bitcoin are still working years after its inception, which is a good indication that the concept is well designed. However, <a href=\"http://bitcoin.org/en/alerts\">security flaws</a> have been found and fixed over time in various software implementations. Like any other form of software, the security of Bitcoin software depends on the speed with which problems are found and fixed. The more such issues are discovered, the more Bitcoin is gaining maturity."
hackedtxt2: "There are often misconceptions about thefts and security breaches that happened on diverse exchanges and businesses. Although these events are unfortunate, none of them involve Bitcoin being hacked or reflect inherent flaws in Bitcoin; just like a bank robbery doesn't mean that the dollar is compromised. However, it is accurate to say that a complete set of good practices and intuitive security solutions is needed to give users better protection of their money, and to reduce the general risk of theft and loss. Over the course of the last few years, such security features have quickly developed, such as wallet encryption, offline wallets, hardware wallets, and multi-signature transactions." hackedtxt2: "There are often misconceptions about thefts and security breaches that happened on diverse exchanges and businesses. Although these events are unfortunate, none of them involve Bitcoin itself being hacked, nor imply inherent flaws in Bitcoin; just like a bank robbery doesn't mean that the dollar is compromised. However, it is accurate to say that a complete set of good practices and intuitive security solutions is needed to give users better protection of their money, and to reduce the general risk of theft and loss. Over the course of the last few years, such security features have quickly developed, such as wallet encryption, offline wallets, hardware wallets, and multi-signature transactions."
collude: "Could users collude against Bitcoin?" collude: "Could users collude against Bitcoin?"
colludetxt1: "It is not possible to change the Bitcoin protocol that easily. Any Bitcoin client that doesn't comply with the same rules cannot enforce their own rules on other users. As per the current specification, double spending is not possible on the same block chain, and neither is spending bitcoins without a valid signature. Therefore, It is not possible to generate uncontrolled amounts of bitcoins out of thin air, spend other users' funds, corrupt the network, or anything similar." colludetxt1: "It is not possible to change the Bitcoin protocol that easily. Any Bitcoin client that doesn't comply with the same rules cannot enforce their own rules on other users. As per the current specification, double spending is not possible on the same block chain, and neither is spending bitcoins without a valid signature. Therefore, It is not possible to generate uncontrolled amounts of bitcoins out of thin air, spend other users' funds, corrupt the network, or anything similar."
colludetxt2: "However, a majority of miners could arbitrarily choose to block or reverse recent transactions. A majority of users can also put pressure for some changes to be adopted. Because Bitcoin only works correctly with a complete consensus between all users, changing the protocol can be very difficult and requires an overwhelming majority of users to adopt the changes in such a way that remaining users have nearly no choice but to follow. As a general rule, it is hard to imagine why any Bitcoin user would choose to adopt any change that could compromise their own money." colludetxt2: "However, a majority of miners could arbitrarily choose to block or reverse recent transactions. A majority of users can also put pressure for some changes to be adopted. Because Bitcoin only works correctly with a complete consensus between all users, changing the protocol can be very difficult and requires an overwhelming majority of users to adopt the changes in such a way that remaining users have nearly no choice but to follow. As a general rule, it is hard to imagine why any Bitcoin user would choose to adopt any change that could compromise their own money."
quantum: "Is Bitcoin vulnerable to quantum computing?" quantum: "Is Bitcoin vulnerable to quantum computing?"
quantumtxt1: "Yes, and so are all systems relying on cryptography in general, including current banking systems. However, quantum computers don't yet exist and probably won't for a while. In the event that quantum computing could be an imminent threat to Bitcoin, the protocol could be upgraded to use post-quantum algorithms. Given the importance that this update would have, it can be safely expected that it would be highly reviewed by developers and adopted by all Bitcoin users." quantumtxt1: "Yes, most systems relying on cryptography in general are, including traditional banking systems. However, quantum computers don't yet exist and probably won't for a while. In the event that quantum computing could be an imminent threat to Bitcoin, the protocol could be upgraded to use post-quantum algorithms. Given the importance that this update would have, it can be safely expected that it would be highly reviewed by developers and adopted by all Bitcoin users."
help: "Help" help: "Help"
morehelp: "I'd like to learn more. Where can I get help?" morehelp: "I'd like to learn more. Where can I get help?"
morehelptxt1: "You can find more information and help on the <a href=\"#resources#\">resources</a> and <a href=\"#community#\">community</a> pages or on the <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/FAQ\">Wiki FAQ</a>." morehelptxt1: "You can find more information and help on the <a href=\"#resources#\">resources</a> and <a href=\"#community#\">community</a> pages or on the <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/FAQ\">Wiki FAQ</a>."
@ -325,12 +325,12 @@ en:
pagetitle: "How does Bitcoin work?" pagetitle: "How does Bitcoin work?"
intro: "This is a question that often causes confusion. Here's a quick explanation!" intro: "This is a question that often causes confusion. Here's a quick explanation!"
basics: "The basics for a new user" basics: "The basics for a new user"
basicstxt1: "As a new user, you only need to <a href=\"#choose-your-wallet#\">choose a wallet</a> that you will install on your computer or on your mobile phone. Once you have your wallet installed, it will generate your first Bitcoin address and you can create more whenever you need one. You can disclose one of your Bitcoin addresses to your friends so that they can pay you or vice versa, you can pay your friends if they give you their addresses. In fact, this is pretty similar to how email works. So all that is left to do at this point is to get some bitcoins and to <a href=\"#secure-your-wallet#\">keep them safe</a>. In order to start using Bitcoin, you are not required to understand the technical details." basicstxt1: "As a new user, you can <a href="#getting-started#">get started</a> with Bitcoin without understanding the technical details. Once you have installed a Bitcoin wallet on your computer or mobile phone, it will generate your first Bitcoin address and you can create more whenever you need one. You can disclose your addresses to your friends so that they can pay you or vice versa. In fact, this is pretty similar to how email works, except that Bitcoin addresses should only be used once."
basicstxt2: "However, if you want to know more, keep reading!" basicstxt2: "However, if you want to know more, keep reading!"
balances: "Balances<a class=\"titlelight\"> - block chain</a>" balances: "Coins<a class=\"titlelight\"> - block chain</a>"
balancestxt: "The block chain is a <b>shared public transaction log</b> on which the entire Bitcoin network relies. All confirmed transactions are included in the block chain with no exception. This way, new transactions can be verified to be spending bitcoins that are actually owned by the spender. The integrity and the chronological order of the block chain are enforced with <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.cryptography]\">cryptography</a>." balancestxt: "The block chain is a <b>shared public ledger</b> on which the entire Bitcoin network relies. Confirmed transactions are included in the block chain so that new transactions can be verified to be spending bitcoins that are actually owned by the spender. The integrity and the chronological order of the block chain are enforced with <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.cryptography]\">cryptography</a>."
transactions: "Transactions<a class=\"titlelight\"> - private keys</a>" transactions: "Transactions<a class=\"titlelight\"> - private keys</a>"
transactionstxt: "A transaction is <b>a transfer of value between Bitcoin addresses</b> that gets included in the block chain. Bitcoin wallets keep a secret piece of data called a <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.privatekey]\"><i>private key</i></a> for each Bitcoin address. Private keys are used to sign transactions, providing a mathematical proof that they have come from the owner of the addresses. The <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.signature]\"><i>signature</i></a> also prevents the transaction from being altered by anybody once it has been issued. All transactions are broadcast between users and confirmed by the network in the following minutes, through a process called <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.mining]\"><i>mining</i></a>." transactionstxt: "A transaction is <b>a transfer of value between Bitcoin wallets</b> that gets included in the block chain. Bitcoin wallets keep a secret piece of data called a <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.privatekey]\"><i>private key</i></a> or seed, which is used to sign transactions, providing a mathematical proof that they have come from the owner of the wallet. The <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.signature]\"><i>signature</i></a> also prevents the transaction from being altered by anybody once it has been issued. All transactions are broadcast between users and usually confirmed by the network in the following hour, through a process called <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.mining]\"><i>mining</i></a>."
processing: "Processing<a class=\"titlelight\"> - mining</a>" processing: "Processing<a class=\"titlelight\"> - mining</a>"
processingtxt: "Mining is a <b>distributed consensus system</b> that is used to <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.confirmation]\"><i>confirm</i></a> waiting transactions by including them in the block chain. It enforces a chronological order in the block chain, protects the neutrality of the network, and allows different computers to agree on the state of the system. To be confirmed, transactions must be packed in a <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.block]\"><i>block</i></a> that fits very strict cryptographic rules that will be verified by the network. These rules prevent previous blocks from being modified because doing so would invalidate all following blocks. Mining also creates the equivalent of a competitive lottery that prevents any individual from easily adding new blocks consecutively in the block chain. This way, no individuals can control what is included in the block chain or replace parts of the block chain to roll back their own spends." processingtxt: "Mining is a <b>distributed consensus system</b> that is used to <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.confirmation]\"><i>confirm</i></a> waiting transactions by including them in the block chain. It enforces a chronological order in the block chain, protects the neutrality of the network, and allows different computers to agree on the state of the system. To be confirmed, transactions must be packed in a <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.block]\"><i>block</i></a> that fits very strict cryptographic rules that will be verified by the network. These rules prevent previous blocks from being modified because doing so would invalidate all following blocks. Mining also creates the equivalent of a competitive lottery that prevents any individual from easily adding new blocks consecutively in the block chain. This way, no individuals can control what is included in the block chain or replace parts of the block chain to roll back their own spends."
readmore: "Going down the rabbit hole" readmore: "Going down the rabbit hole"
@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ en:
pagetitle: "Why Bitcoin is changing the world" pagetitle: "Why Bitcoin is changing the world"
summary: "Bitcoin is a major innovation that is giving you control over your money. Just like these inventions that seemed impossible until their time has come, Bitcoin is real and it might change our everyday lifes. A wide range of new exciting possibilities are still to be discovered in years to come." summary: "Bitcoin is a major innovation that is giving you control over your money. Just like these inventions that seemed impossible until their time has come, Bitcoin is real and it might change our everyday lifes. A wide range of new exciting possibilities are still to be discovered in years to come."
consensus: "Bitcoin is a worldwide consensus" consensus: "Bitcoin is a worldwide consensus"
consensustext: "Because of its decentralized, open-source nature, Bitcoin is the first payment network that is powered by its users with no central authority. Even Bitcoin developers have no power to force updates in the protocol if enough users, developers, or miners disagree. <i>You</i> have exclusive control over your money." consensustext: "Because of its decentralized, open-source nature, Bitcoin is the first payment network that is powered by its users with no central authority. Even Bitcoin developers have no power to force updates in the protocol unless other users, developers, and miners also agree. <i>You</i> have exclusive control over your money."
network: "Digital money made for the Internet" network: "Digital money made for the Internet"
networktext: "Bitcoin was born from the Internet, bringing the freedom of physical money to the virtual world while making payments easier and more secure in both worlds. Bitcoin can offer an alternative to previous cumbersome and costly systems, and it can increase online business access to developing countries." networktext: "Bitcoin was born from the Internet, bringing the freedom of physical money to the virtual world while making payments easier and more secure in both worlds. Bitcoin can offer an alternative to previous cumbersome and costly systems, and it can increase online business access to developing countries."
freedom: "Protecting individual rights and freedom" freedom: "Protecting individual rights and freedom"
@ -361,9 +361,9 @@ en:
transparency: "Promoting transparency" transparency: "Promoting transparency"
transparencytext: "All Bitcoin transactions are public, but the owners or recipients of these transactions are not. Organizations can choose to reveal their ownership of some Bitcoin addresses to their members, allowing them to implement high levels of transparency." transparencytext: "All Bitcoin transactions are public, but the owners or recipients of these transactions are not. Organizations can choose to reveal their ownership of some Bitcoin addresses to their members, allowing them to implement high levels of transparency."
secure: "Making money more secure" secure: "Making money more secure"
securetext: "Thanks to a clever use of strict cryptographic rules, Bitcoin provides an amazing list of security features. Not only are bitcoins impossible to counterfeit or spoof, but the protocol is also built to be very resistant against an impressive list of attacks, including distributed denial of service." securetext: "Thanks to a clever use of strict cryptographic rules, Bitcoin provides an amazing list of security features. Not only are bitcoins impossible to counterfeit or spoof, but the protocol is also built to be very resistant against an impressive list of attacks."
trust: "Solving issues with trust in banks" trust: "Solving issues with trust in banks"
trusttext: "Bitcoin offers solutions to many of the trust problems that plague banks thanks to selective accounting transparency, signature proofs, and irreversible transactions. It also increases the risks for crooked bankers: no bitcoins can be created to save them from their own mistakes at the expense of the people." trusttext: "Bitcoin offers solutions to many of the trust problems that plague banks thanks to selective accounting transparency, digital signature proofs, and irreversible transactions. It also increases the risks for crooked bankers: no bitcoins can be created to save them from their own mistakes at the expense of the public."
resources: resources:
title: "Resources - Bitcoin" title: "Resources - Bitcoin"
pagetitle: "Bitcoin resources" pagetitle: "Bitcoin resources"
@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ en:
backup: "Backup your wallet" backup: "Backup your wallet"
backuptxt: "Stored in a safe place, a backup of your wallet can protect you against computer failures and many human mistakes. It can also allow you to recover your wallet after your mobile or computer was stolen if you keep your wallet encrypted." backuptxt: "Stored in a safe place, a backup of your wallet can protect you against computer failures and many human mistakes. It can also allow you to recover your wallet after your mobile or computer was stolen if you keep your wallet encrypted."
backupwhole: "Backup your entire wallet" backupwhole: "Backup your entire wallet"
backupwholetxt: "Your wallet contains many private keys that receive the change of your transactions in order to protect your privacy. If you only have a backup of the private keys for your visible Bitcoin addresses, you might not be able to recover a great part of your funds with your backup." backupwholetxt: "Some wallets use many hidden private keys internally. If you only have a backup of the private keys for your visible Bitcoin addresses, you might not be able to recover a great part of your funds with your backup."
backuponline: "Encrypt online backups" backuponline: "Encrypt online backups"
backuponlinetxt: "Any backup that is stored online is highly vulnerable to theft. Even a computer that is connected to the Internet is vulnerable to malicious software. As such, encrypting any backup that is exposed to the network is a good security practice." backuponlinetxt: "Any backup that is stored online is highly vulnerable to theft. Even a computer that is connected to the Internet is vulnerable to malicious software. As such, encrypting any backup that is exposed to the network is a good security practice."
backupmany: "Use many secure locations" backupmany: "Use many secure locations"
@ -398,9 +398,9 @@ en:
encrypt: "Encrypt your wallet" encrypt: "Encrypt your wallet"
encrypttxt: "Encrypting your wallet or your smartphone allows you to set a password for anyone trying to withdraw any funds. This helps protect against thieves, though it cannot protect against keylogging hardware or software." encrypttxt: "Encrypting your wallet or your smartphone allows you to set a password for anyone trying to withdraw any funds. This helps protect against thieves, though it cannot protect against keylogging hardware or software."
encryptforget: "Never forget your password" encryptforget: "Never forget your password"
encryptforgettxt: "You should make sure you never forget the password or your funds will be permanently lost. Unlike your bank, there are no password recovery options with Bitcoin. In fact, you should be able to remember your password even after many years without using it. In doubt, you might want to keep a paper copy of your password in a safe place like a vault." encryptforgettxt: "You should make sure you never forget the password or your funds will be permanently lost. Unlike your bank, there are very limited password recovery options with Bitcoin. In fact, you should be able to remember your password even after many years without using it. In doubt, you might want to keep a paper copy of your password in a safe place like a vault."
encryptstrong: "Use a strong password" encryptstrong: "Use a strong password"
encryptstrongtxt: "Any password that contains only letters or recognizable words can be considered very weak and easy to break. A strong password must contain letters, numbers, punctuation marks and must be at least 16 characters long. Still, this should not prevent you to remember your password." encryptstrongtxt: "Any password that has been created by a human can be considered very weak and easy to break by a computer. A strong password must be generated by programs designed specifically for that purpose. Secure passwords are usually harder to remember, so take care in memorising it!"
offline: "Offline wallet for savings" offline: "Offline wallet for savings"
offlinetxt: "An offline wallet, also known as cold storage, provides the highest level of security for savings. It involves storing a wallet in a secured place that is not connected to the network. When done properly, it can offer a very good protection against computer vulnerabilities. Using an offline wallet in conjunction with backups and encryption is also a good practice. Here is an overview of some approaches." offlinetxt: "An offline wallet, also known as cold storage, provides the highest level of security for savings. It involves storing a wallet in a secured place that is not connected to the network. When done properly, it can offer a very good protection against computer vulnerabilities. Using an offline wallet in conjunction with backups and encryption is also a good practice. Here is an overview of some approaches."
offlinetx: "Offline transaction signing" offlinetx: "Offline transaction signing"
@ -410,12 +410,12 @@ en:
offlinetxtxt4: "Send the signed transaction with the online computer." offlinetxtxt4: "Send the signed transaction with the online computer."
offlinetxtxt5: "Because the computer that is connected to the network cannot sign transactions, it cannot be used to withdraw any funds if it is compromised. <a href=\"https://bitcoinarmory.com/using-offline-wallets-in-armory/\">Armory</a> can be used to do offline transaction signature." offlinetxtxt5: "Because the computer that is connected to the network cannot sign transactions, it cannot be used to withdraw any funds if it is compromised. <a href=\"https://bitcoinarmory.com/using-offline-wallets-in-armory/\">Armory</a> can be used to do offline transaction signature."
hardwarewallet: "Hardware wallets" hardwarewallet: "Hardware wallets"
hardwarewallettxt: "Hardware wallets are the best balance between very high security and ease of use. They are little devices that are designed from the root to be a wallet and nothing else. No software can be installed on them, making them very secure against computer vulnerabilities and online thieves. Because they can allow backup, you can recover your funds if you lose the device." hardwarewallettxt: "Hardware wallets are the best balance between very high security and ease of use. These are little devices that are designed from the root to be a wallet and nothing else. No software can be installed on them, making them very secure against computer vulnerabilities and online thieves. Because they can allow backup, you can recover your funds if you lose the device."
hardwarewalletsoon: "As of today, no hardware wallet has entered in production but they are coming soon:" hardwarewalletsoon: "As of today, no hardware wallet has entered in production but they are coming soon:"
update: "Keep your software up to date" update: "Keep your software up to date"
updatetxt: "Using the latest version of your Bitcoin software allows you to receive important stability and security fixes. Updates can prevent problems of various severity, include new useful features and help keep your wallet safe. Installing updates for all other software on your computer or mobile is also important to keep your wallet environment safer." updatetxt: "Using the latest version of your Bitcoin software allows you to receive important stability and security fixes. Updates can prevent problems of various severity, include new useful features and help keep your wallet safe. Installing updates for all other software on your computer or mobile is also important to keep your wallet environment safer."
offlinemulti: "Multi-signature to protect against theft" offlinemulti: "Multi-signature to protect against theft"
offlinemultitxt: "Bitcoin includes a multi-signature feature that allows a transaction to require the signature of more than one private key to be spent. It is however only usable for technical users but a greater availability for this feature can be expected in the future. Multi-signature can allow an organization to give access to its treasury to its members while only allowing a withdrawal if 3 of 5 members sign the transaction. It can also allow future online wallets to share a multi-signature address with their users, so that a thief would need to compromise both your computer and the online wallet servers in order to steal your funds." offlinemultitxt: "Bitcoin includes a multi-signature feature that allows a transaction to require the signature of more than one private key to be spent. It is currently only usable for technical users but a greater availability for this feature can be expected in the future. Multi-signature can, for example, allow an organization to give access to its treasury to its members while only allowing a withdrawal if 3 of 5 members sign the transaction. It can also allow future online wallets to share a multi-signature address with their users, so that a thief would need to compromise both your computer and the online wallet servers in order to steal your funds."
offlinetestament: "Think about your testament" offlinetestament: "Think about your testament"
offlinetestamenttxt: "Your bitcoins can be lost forever if you don't have a backup plan for your peers and family. If the location of your wallets or your passwords are not known by anyone when you are gone, there is no hope that your funds will ever be recovered. Taking a bit of time on these matters can make a huge difference." offlinetestamenttxt: "Your bitcoins can be lost forever if you don't have a backup plan for your peers and family. If the location of your wallets or your passwords are not known by anyone when you are gone, there is no hope that your funds will ever be recovered. Taking a bit of time on these matters can make a huge difference."
support-bitcoin: support-bitcoin:
@ -425,13 +425,13 @@ en:
use: "Using Bitcoin" use: "Using Bitcoin"
usetxt: "Obviously, using Bitcoin is the first thing you can do to help its development. There are probably many cases where it can make your life easier. And you can accept payment in Bitcoin yourself." usetxt: "Obviously, using Bitcoin is the first thing you can do to help its development. There are probably many cases where it can make your life easier. And you can accept payment in Bitcoin yourself."
node: "Be the network" node: "Be the network"
nodetxt: "You can join the Bitcoin network by keeping the <a href=\"#download#\">original software</a> running on your computer. You can also do some Bitcoin mining to make the network more secure by helping to process transactions." nodetxt: "You can join the Bitcoin network by keeping <a href=\"#download#\">full node software</a> running on your computer. You can also do some Bitcoin mining to make the network more secure by helping to process transactions."
develop: "Development" develop: "Development"
developtxt: "Bitcoin is open-source. So if you are a developer, you can use your super-powers to do good and <a href=\"#development#\">improve Bitcoin</a>. Or you can build amazing new services or software that can use Bitcoin." developtxt: "Bitcoin is open-source. So if you are a developer, you can use your super-powers to do good and <a href=\"#development#\">improve Bitcoin</a>. Or you can build amazing new services or software that can use Bitcoin."
donation: "Donation" donation: "Donation"
donationtxt: "The easiest way to help is to <a href=\"https://bitcoinfoundation.org/donate\">donate</a> a few bitcoins to the Bitcoin Foundation. Or you can help funding any project related to Bitcoin that you believe will be helpful in the future." donationtxt: "The easiest way to help is to <a href=\"https://bitcoinfoundation.org/donate\">donate</a> a few bitcoins to the Bitcoin Foundation. Or you can help directly fund any project related to Bitcoin that you believe will be helpful in the future."
foundation: "Join the Foundation" foundation: "Join the Foundation"
foundationtxt: "The <a href=\"https://bitcoinfoundation.org/\">Bitcoin Foundation</a> is one of the largest organizations dedicated to standardize, protect and promote Bitcoin. It funds the salary for Bitcoin software maintainers, organizes conferences, and provides many important resources." foundationtxt: "The <a href=\"https://bitcoinfoundation.org/\">Bitcoin Foundation</a> is one of the largest organizations dedicated to standardize, protect and promote Bitcoin. It funds the salary for Bitcoin software developers, organizes conferences, and provides many important resources."
spread: "Spread" spread: "Spread"
spreadtxt: "Speak about Bitcoin to interested people. Write about it on your blog. Tell your favorite shops you would like to pay with Bitcoin. Or be creative and make yourself a nice Bitcoin T-shirt." spreadtxt: "Speak about Bitcoin to interested people. Write about it on your blog. Tell your favorite shops you would like to pay with Bitcoin. Or be creative and make yourself a nice Bitcoin T-shirt."
wiki: "Wiki" wiki: "Wiki"
@ -446,33 +446,33 @@ en:
summary: "Bitcoin provides a new approach to payments and, as such, there are some new words that might become a part of your vocabulary. Don't worry, even the humble television created new words!" summary: "Bitcoin provides a new approach to payments and, as such, there are some new words that might become a part of your vocabulary. Don't worry, even the humble television created new words!"
table: "Table of contents" table: "Table of contents"
address: "Address" address: "Address"
addresstxt: "A Bitcoin address is <b>like a physical address or an email</b>. It is the only information you need to provide for someone to pay you with Bitcoin." addresstxt: "A Bitcoin address is <b>similar to a physical address or an email</b>. It is the only information you need to provide for someone to pay you with Bitcoin. An important difference, however, is that each address should only be used for a single transaction."
bitcoin: "Bitcoin" bitcoin: "Bitcoin"
bitcointxt: "Bitcoin - with capitalization, is used when describing the concept of Bitcoin, or the entire network itself. e.g. \"I was learning about the Bitcoin protocol today.\" bitcoin - without capitalization, is used to describe bitcoins as a unit of account. e.g. \"I sent ten bitcoins today.\"" bitcointxt: "Bitcoin - with capitalization, is used when describing the concept of Bitcoin, or the entire network itself. e.g. \"I was learning about the Bitcoin protocol today.\"<br>bitcoin - without capitalization, is used to describe bitcoins as a unit of account. e.g. \"I sent ten bitcoins today.\"; it is also often abbreviated BTC or XBT"
blockchain: "Block Chain" blockchain: "Block Chain"
blockchaintxt: "The block chain is a <b>public record of all Bitcoin transactions</b>, in chronological order. The block chain is shared between all Bitcoin users. It is used to verify the balance of Bitcoin addresses and to prevent <a href=\"#[vocabulary.doublespend]\">double spending</a>." blockchaintxt: "The block chain is a <b>public record of Bitcoin transactions</b> in chronological order. The block chain is shared between all Bitcoin users. It is used to verify the permanence of Bitcoin transactions and to prevent <a href=\"#[vocabulary.doublespend]\">double spending</a>."
block: "Block" block: "Block"
blocktxt: "A block is a <b>record in the block chain that contains and confirms many waiting transactions</b>. Roughly every 10 minutes, on average, a new block including transactions is appended to the <a href=\"#[vocabulary.blockchain]\">block chain</a> through <a href=\"#[vocabulary.mining]\">mining</a>." blocktxt: "A block is a <b>record in the block chain that contains and confirms many waiting transactions</b>. Roughly every 10 minutes, on average, a new block including transactions is appended to the <a href=\"#[vocabulary.blockchain]\">block chain</a> through <a href=\"#[vocabulary.mining]\">mining</a>."
btc: "BTC" btc: "BTC"
btctxt: "BTC is the common unit of Bitcoin currency. It can be used in a similar way to USD for US dollar instead of B⃦ or $." btctxt: "BTC is the common unit of Bitcoin currency. It can be used in a similar way to USD for US dollar instead of B⃦ or $."
confirmation: "Confirmation" confirmation: "Confirmation"
confirmationtxt: "Confirmation means that a transaction has been <b>verified by the network and is highly unlikely to be reversed</b>. One confirmation is pretty secure. Although for larger amounts (e.g. 1000 US$ and above), one can wait for a transaction to have more confirmations - six is a frequently chosen number. Each new confirmation decreases the risk of a reversal exponentially." confirmationtxt: "Confirmation means that a transaction has been <b>verified by the network and is highly unlikely to be reversed</b>. When a transaction is included in even a single <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.block]\">block</a>, it can often be considered confirmed for low value transactions, although for larger amounts (e.g. 1000 US$ and above), one is usually wise wait for more blocks - six is a frequently chosen number. Each new block decreases the risk of a reversal exponentially."
cryptography: "Cryptography" cryptography: "Cryptography"
cryptographytxt: "Cryptography is the branch of mathematics that lets us create <b>mathematical proofs that provide high levels of security</b>. Online commerce and banking already uses cryptography. In the case of Bitcoin, cryptography is used to make it impossible for anybody to spend funds from another user's wallet or to corrupt the <a href=\"#[vocabulary.blockchain]\">block chain</a>. It can also be used to encrypt a wallet, so that it cannot be used without a password." cryptographytxt: "Cryptography is the branch of mathematics that lets us create <b>mathematical proofs that provide high levels of security</b>. Online commerce and banking already uses cryptography. In the case of Bitcoin, cryptography is used to make it impossible for anybody to spend funds from another user's wallet or to corrupt the <a href=\"#[vocabulary.blockchain]\">block chain</a>. It can also be used to encrypt a wallet, so that it cannot be used without a password."
doublespend: "Double Spend" doublespend: "Double Spend"
doublespendtxt: "If a malicious user tries to <b>spend their bitcoins to two different recipients at the same time</b>, this is double spending. Bitcoin <a href=\"#[vocabulary.mining]\">mining</a> and the <a href=\"#[vocabulary.blockchain]\">block chain</a> are there to create a consensus on the network about which of the two transactions will win." doublespendtxt: "If a malicious user tries to <b>spend their bitcoins to two different recipients at the same time</b>, this is double spending. Bitcoin <a href=\"#[vocabulary.mining]\">mining</a> and the <a href=\"#[vocabulary.blockchain]\">block chain</a> are there to create a consensus on the network about which of the two transactions will confirm and be considered valid."
hashrate: "Hash Rate" hashrate: "Hash Rate"
hashratetxt: "The hash rate is the <b>measuring unit of the processing power of the Bitcoin network</b>. The Bitcoin network must make intensive mathematical operations for security purposes. When the network reaches a hash rate of 10 TH/s, it means it can make 10 trillion calculations per second." hashratetxt: "The hash rate is the <b>measuring unit of the processing power of the Bitcoin network</b>. The Bitcoin network must make intensive mathematical operations for security purposes. When the network reached a hash rate of 10 Th/s, it meant it could make 10 trillion calculations per second."
mining: "Mining" mining: "Mining"
miningtxt: "Bitcoin mining is the process of <b>making computer hardware do mathematical calculations for the Bitcoin network to confirm transactions</b> and increase security. As a reward for their services, Bitcoin miners can collect transaction fees for the transactions they confirm, along with newly created bitcoins. Mining is a specialized and competitive market where the rewards are divided up according to how much calculation is done. Not all Bitcoin users do Bitcoin mining, and it is not an easy way to make money." miningtxt: "Bitcoin mining is the process of <b>making computer hardware do mathematical calculations for the Bitcoin network to confirm transactions</b> and increase security. As a reward for their services, Bitcoin miners can collect transaction fees for the transactions they confirm, along with newly created bitcoins. Mining is a specialized and competitive market where the rewards are divided up according to how much calculation is done. Not all Bitcoin users do Bitcoin mining, and it is not an easy way to make money."
p2p: "P2P" p2p: "P2P"
p2ptxt: "Peer-to-peer refers to <b>systems that work like an organized collective</b> by allowing each individual to interact directly with the others. In the case of Bitcoin, the network is built in such a way that each user is broadcasting the transactions of other users. And, crucially, no bank is required as a third party." p2ptxt: "Peer-to-peer refers to <b>systems that work like an organized collective</b> by allowing each individual to interact directly with the others. In the case of Bitcoin, the network is built in such a way that each user is broadcasting the transactions of other users. And, crucially, no bank is required as a third party."
privatekey: "Private Key" privatekey: "Private Key"
privatekeytxt: "A private key is a <b>secret piece of data that proves your right to spend bitcoins from a specific Bitcoin address</b> through a cryptographic <a href=\"#[vocabulary.signature]\">signature</a>. Each <a href=\"#[vocabulary.address]\">Bitcoin address</a> has its own unique private key. Your private keys are stored in your computer if you use a software wallet; they are stored on some remote servers if you use a web wallet. Private keys must never be revealed as they allow you to spend bitcoins for their respective Bitcoin addresses." privatekeytxt: "A private key is a <b>secret piece of data that proves your right to spend bitcoins from a specific Bitcoin wallet</b> through a cryptographic <a href=\"#[vocabulary.signature]\">signature</a>. Your private key(s) are stored in your computer if you use a software wallet; they are stored on some remote servers if you use a web wallet. Private keys must never be revealed as they allow you to spend bitcoins for their respective Bitcoin wallet."
signature: "Signature" signature: "Signature"
signaturetxt: "A <a href=\"#[vocabulary.cryptography]\">cryptographic</a> signature is <b>a mathematical mechanism that allows someone to prove ownership</b>. In the case of Bitcoin, a <a href=\"#[vocabulary.address]\">Bitcoin address</a> and its <a href=\"#[vocabulary.privatekey]\">private key</a> are linked by some mathematical magic. When your Bitcoin software signs a transaction with the appropriate private key, the whole network can see that the signature matches the Bitcoin address. However, there is no way for the world to guess your private key to steal your hard-earned bitcoins." signaturetxt: "A <a href=\"#[vocabulary.cryptography]\">cryptographic</a> signature is <b>a mathematical mechanism that allows someone to prove ownership</b>. In the case of Bitcoin, a <a href=\"#[vocabulary.wallet]\">Bitcoin wallet</a> and its <a href=\"#[vocabulary.privatekey]\">private key(s)</a> are linked by some mathematical magic. When your Bitcoin software signs a transaction with the appropriate private key, the whole network can see that the signature matches the bitcoins being spent. However, there is no way for the world to guess your private key to steal your hard-earned bitcoins."
wallet: "Wallet" wallet: "Wallet"
wallettxt: "A Bitcoin wallet is loosely <b>the equivalent of a physical wallet on the Bitcoin network</b>. The wallet actually contains your <a href=\"#[vocabulary.privatekey]\">private keys</a> which allow you to spend the bitcoins allocated to your <a href=\"#[vocabulary.address]\">Bitcoin addresses</a> in the <a href=\"#[vocabulary.blockchain]\">block chain</a>. Each Bitcoin wallet can show you the total balance of all Bitcoin addresses it contains and lets you pay a specific amount to a specific person, just like a real wallet. This is different to credit cards where you are charged by the merchant." wallettxt: "A Bitcoin wallet is loosely <b>the equivalent of a physical wallet on the Bitcoin network</b>. The wallet actually contains your <a href=\"#[vocabulary.privatekey]\">private key(s)</a> which allow you to spend the bitcoins allocated to it in the <a href=\"#[vocabulary.blockchain]\">block chain</a>. Each Bitcoin wallet can show you the total balance of all bitcoins it controls and lets you pay a specific amount to a specific person, just like a real wallet. This is different to credit cards where you are charged by the merchant."
you-need-to-know: you-need-to-know:
title: "Some things you need to know - Bitcoin" title: "Some things you need to know - Bitcoin"
pagetitle: "Some things you need to know" pagetitle: "Some things you need to know"
@ -484,9 +484,9 @@ en:
irreversible: "Bitcoin payments are irreversible" irreversible: "Bitcoin payments are irreversible"
irreversibletxt: "Any transaction you issue with Bitcoin cannot be reversed, it can only be refunded by the person receiving the funds. That means you should take care to do business with people or organizations you know and trust. But don't worry, Bitcoin can detect typos and usually won't let you send money to an invalid address." irreversibletxt: "Any transaction you issue with Bitcoin cannot be reversed, it can only be refunded by the person receiving the funds. That means you should take care to do business with people or organizations you know and trust. But don't worry, Bitcoin can detect typos and usually won't let you send money to an invalid address."
anonymous: "Bitcoin is not anonymous" anonymous: "Bitcoin is not anonymous"
anonymoustxt: "Some effort is required in order to protect your privacy with Bitcoin. All Bitcoin transactions are stored publicly and permanently on the network, which means anyone can see the balance and transactions of any Bitcoin address. However, the identity of the owner cannot be associated with their Bitcoin address until personal information is revealed by the owner during an exchange. This is why it is recommended for Bitcoin owners to use many different Bitcoin addresses; in fact, you should create a new one each time you receive money. This is especially important for public uses such as websites. You might also want to consider hiding your computer's IP address with a tool like <a href=\"https://www.torproject.org/\">Tor</a> so that it cannot be logged." anonymoustxt: "Some effort is required in order to protect your privacy with Bitcoin. All Bitcoin transactions are stored publicly and permanently on the network, which means anyone can see the balance and transactions of any Bitcoin address. However, the identity of the owner cannot be associated with their Bitcoin address until personal information is revealed by the owner during an exchange. This is one reason why it is necessary for Bitcoin owners to use a different Bitcoin address for each transaction. This is especially important for public uses such as websites. You might also want to consider hiding your computer's IP address with a tool like <a href=\"https://www.torproject.org/\">Tor</a> so that it cannot be logged."
instant: "Instant transactions are less secure" instant: "Instant transactions are less secure"
instanttxt: "A Bitcoin transaction is usually deployed within a few seconds and confirmed within 10 minutes. During that time, a transaction can be considered authentic but still reversible. Dishonest users could try to cheat. If you can't wait for a confirmation, asking for a small transaction fee or using a detection system for unsafe transactions can increase security. For larger amounts like 1000 US$, it makes sense to wait for 6 confirmations or more. Each confirmation <i>exponentially</i> decreases the risk of a reversed transaction." instanttxt: "A Bitcoin transaction is usually deployed within a few seconds and confirmed within 10 minutes. During that time, a transaction can be considered authentic but still reversible. Dishonest users could try to cheat. If you can't wait for a confirmation, asking for a small transaction fee or using a detection system for unsafe transactions can increase security. For larger amounts like 1000 US$, it makes sense to wait for a confirmation of 6 blocks or more. Each block <i>exponentially</i> decreases the risk of a reversed transaction."
experimental: "Bitcoin is still experimental" experimental: "Bitcoin is still experimental"
experimentaltxt: "Bitcoin is an experimental new currency that is in active development. Although it becomes less experimental as usage grows, you should keep in mind that Bitcoin is a new invention that is exploring ideas that have never been attempted before. As such, its future cannot be predicted by anyone." experimentaltxt: "Bitcoin is an experimental new currency that is in active development. Although it becomes less experimental as usage grows, you should keep in mind that Bitcoin is a new invention that is exploring ideas that have never been attempted before. As such, its future cannot be predicted by anyone."
tax: "Don't forget government taxes" tax: "Don't forget government taxes"