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Guide - P2P section
- Updated .dot files - Update block sync - Minor other formatting/adjustments
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thephez
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9 changed files with 44 additions and 32 deletions
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ store the entire blockchain and can serve historical blocks to other nodes.
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Pruned nodes are full nodes which do not store the entire blockchain. Many SPV
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clients also use the Dash network protocol to connect to full nodes.
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Consensus rules do not cover networking, so Dash programs may use
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Consensus rules do _not_ cover networking, so Dash programs may use
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alternative networks and protocols, such as the [high-speed block relay
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network][] used by some miners and the [dedicated transaction
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information servers][electrum server] used by some wallets that provide
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@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ to the reference page for that message.
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{% autocrossref %}
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Bitcoin Core 0.10.0 uses an initial block download (IBD) method called
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Dash Core 0.12.0 uses an initial block download (IBD) method called
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*headers-first*. The goal is to download the headers for the best [header
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chain][/en/glossary/header-chain]{:#term-header-chain}{:.term}, partially validate them as best
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as possible, and then download the corresponding blocks in parallel. This
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@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ node chooses a remote peer, which we'll call the sync node, and sends it the
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In the header hashes field of the `getheaders` message, the new node
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sends the header hash of the only block it has, the genesis block
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(6fe2...0000 in internal byte order). It also sets the stop hash field
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(b67a...0000 in internal byte order). It also sets the stop hash field
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to all zeroes to request a maximum-size response.
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Upon receipt of the `getheaders` message, the sync node takes the first
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@ -355,6 +355,11 @@ block.)
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After the IBD node has partially validated the block headers, it can do
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two things in parallel:
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<!-- Values referenced below are from src/validation.h:
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MAX_HEADERS_RESULTS = 2000
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MAX_BLOCKS_IN_TRANSIT_PER_PEER = 16
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-->
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1. **Download More Headers:** the IBD node can send another `getheaders`
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message to the sync node to request the next 2,000 headers on the
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best header chain. Those headers can be immediately validated and
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@ -371,7 +376,7 @@ two things in parallel:
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has downloaded belong to the best header chain reported by any of
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its outbound peers. This means a dishonest sync node will quickly be
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discovered even if checkpoints aren't used (as long as the IBD node
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connects to at least one honest peer; Bitcoin Core will continue to
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connects to at least one honest peer; Dash Core will continue to
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provide checkpoints in case honest peers can't be found).
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2. **Download Blocks:** While the IBD node continues downloading
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@ -385,21 +390,21 @@ two things in parallel:
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avoid having its download speed constrained to the upload speed of a
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single sync node.
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To spread the load between multiple peers, Bitcoin Core will only
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To spread the load between multiple peers, Dash Core will only
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request up to 16 blocks at a time from a single peer. Combined with
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its maximum of 8 outbound connections, this means headers-first
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Bitcoin Core will request a maximum of 128 blocks simultaneously
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during IBD (the same maximum number that blocks-first Bitcoin Core
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Dash Core will request a maximum of 128 blocks simultaneously
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during IBD (the same maximum number that blocks-first Dash Core
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requested from its sync node).
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Bitcoin Core's headers-first mode uses a 1,024-block moving download
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Dash Core's headers-first mode uses a 1,024-block moving download
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window to maximize download speed. The lowest-height block in the window
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is the next block to be validated; if the block hasn't arrived by the
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time Bitcoin Core is ready to validate it, Bitcoin Core will wait a
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time Dash Core is ready to validate it, Dash Core will wait a
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minimum of two more seconds for the stalling node to send the block. If
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the block still hasn't arrived, Bitcoin Core will disconnect from the
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the block still hasn't arrived, Dash Core will disconnect from the
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stalling node and attempt to connect to another node. For example, in
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the illustration above, Node A will be disconnected if it doesn't send
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block 3 within at least two seconds.
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@ -459,7 +464,7 @@ peers using one of the following methods:
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bloom filter in a `merkleblock` message followed by zero or more
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`tx` messages.
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By default, Bitcoin Core broadcasts blocks using standard block relay,
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By default, Dash Core broadcasts blocks using standard block relay,
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but it will accept blocks sent using either of the methods described above.
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Full nodes validate the received block and then advertise it to their
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@ -470,7 +475,7 @@ headers-first node, and an SPV client; *any* refers to a node using any
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block retrieval method.)
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| **Message** | [`inv`][inv message] | [`getdata`][getdata message] | [`getheaders`][getheaders message] | [`headers`][headers message]
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| **From→To** | Relay→*Any* | BF→Relay | HF→Relay | Relay→HF
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| **From→To** | Relay→_Any_ | BF→Relay | HF→Relay | Relay→HF
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| **Payload** | The inventory of the new block | The inventory of the new block | One or more header hashes on the HF node's best header chain (BHC) | Up to 2,000 headers connecting HF node's BHC to relay node's BHC
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| **Message** | [`block`][block message] | [`merkleblock`][merkleblock message] | [`tx`][tx message] |
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| **From→To** | Relay→BF/HF | Relay→SPV | Relay→SPV |
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@ -522,7 +527,10 @@ ignore orphan blocks sent by miners in an unsolicited block push.
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{% autocrossref %}
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In order to send a transaction to a peer, an `inv` message is sent. If a `getdata` response message is received, the transaction is sent using `tx`. The peer receiving this transaction also forwards the transaction in the same manner, given that it is a valid transaction.
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In order to send a transaction to a peer, an `inv` message is sent. If a
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`getdata` message is received in reply, the transaction is sent using a
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`tx` message. If it is a valid transaction, the peer receiving the transaction
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also forwards the transaction to its peers.
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{% endautocrossref %}
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@ -537,8 +545,8 @@ actually mine some or all of those transactions, but it's also useful
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for any peer who wants to keep track of unconfirmed transactions, such
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as peers serving unconfirmed transaction information to SPV clients.
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Because unconfirmed transactions have no permanent status in Bitcoin,
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Bitcoin Core stores them in non-persistent memory, calling them a memory
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Because unconfirmed transactions have no permanent status in Dash,
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Dash Core stores them in non-persistent memory, calling them a memory
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pool or mempool. When a peer shuts down, its memory pool is lost except
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for any transactions stored by its wallet. This means that never-mined
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unconfirmed transactions tend to slowly disappear from the network as
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@ -548,7 +556,7 @@ for others.
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Transactions which are mined into blocks that later become stale blocks may be
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added back into the memory pool. These re-added transactions may be
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re-removed from the pool almost immediately if the replacement blocks
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include them. This is the case in Bitcoin Core, which removes stale
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include them. This is the case in Dash Core, which removes stale
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blocks from the chain one by one, starting with the tip (highest block).
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As each block is removed, its transactions are added back to the memory
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pool. After all of the stale blocks are removed, the replacement
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@ -564,15 +572,16 @@ next block.
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{% endautocrossref %}
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### Misbehaving Nodes
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{% include helpers/subhead-links.md %}
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{% autocrossref %}
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Take note that for both types of broadcasting, mechanisms are in place to punish misbehaving peers who take up bandwidth and computing resources by sending false information. If a peer gets a banscore above the `-banscore=<n>` threshold, he will be banned for the number of seconds defined by `-bantime=<n>`, which is 86,400 by default (24 hours).
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Take note that for both types of broadcasting, mechanisms are in place to punish
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misbehaving peers who take up bandwidth and computing resources by sending false
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information. If a peer gets a banscore above the `-banscore=<n>` threshold, he
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will be banned for the number of seconds defined by `-bantime=<n>`, which is
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86,400 by default (24 hours).
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{% endautocrossref %}
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@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ getblocks [ shape="plaintext", label=<
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2"><i>Protocol Version</i><br /><font face="courier">70002</font></td>
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<td colspan="2"><i>Protocol Version</i><br /><font face="courier">70208</font></td>
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<td colspan="2"><i>Header Hash Count</i><br /><font face="courier">1</font></td>
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</tr>
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@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
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<text text-anchor="start" x="225.5" y="-145.3" font-family="Sans" font-style="italic" font-size="14.00">Payload</text>
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<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="95.5,-102.5 95.5,-136.5 264.5,-136.5 264.5,-102.5 95.5,-102.5"/>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="123.5" y="-123.3" font-family="Sans" font-style="italic" font-size="14.00">Protocol Version</text>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="159" y="-109.3" font-family="Courier,monospace" font-size="14.00">70002</text>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="159" y="-109.3" font-family="Courier,monospace" font-size="14.00">70208</text>
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<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="266.5,-102.5 266.5,-136.5 410.5,-136.5 410.5,-102.5 266.5,-102.5"/>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="270.5" y="-123.3" font-family="Sans" font-style="italic" font-size="14.00">Header Hash Count</text>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="334" y="-109.3" font-family="Courier,monospace" font-size="14.00">1</text>
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Before Width: | Height: | Size: 5.2 KiB After Width: | Height: | Size: 5.2 KiB |
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@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ getblocks [ shape="plaintext", label=<
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2"><i>Protocol Version</i><br /><font face="courier">70002</font></td>
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<td colspan="2"><i>Protocol Version</i><br /><font face="courier">70208</font></td>
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<td colspan="2"><i>Header Hash Count</i><br /><font face="courier">20</font></td>
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</tr>
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@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
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<text text-anchor="start" x="230" y="-173.3" font-family="Sans" font-style="italic" font-size="14.00">Payload</text>
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<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="100,-130.5 100,-164.5 269,-164.5 269,-130.5 100,-130.5"/>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="128" y="-151.3" font-family="Sans" font-style="italic" font-size="14.00">Protocol Version</text>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="163.5" y="-137.3" font-family="Courier,monospace" font-size="14.00">70002</text>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="163.5" y="-137.3" font-family="Courier,monospace" font-size="14.00">70208</text>
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<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="271,-130.5 271,-164.5 415,-164.5 415,-130.5 271,-130.5"/>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="275" y="-151.3" font-family="Sans" font-style="italic" font-size="14.00">Header Hash Count</text>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="334.5" y="-137.3" font-family="Courier,monospace" font-size="14.00">20</text>
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Before Width: | Height: | Size: 5.4 KiB After Width: | Height: | Size: 5.4 KiB |
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@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ getblocks [ shape="plaintext", label=<
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td border="1"><i>Start String</i><br/><font face="courier">f9beb4d9</font></td>
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<td border="1"><i>Start String</i><br/><font face="courier">bf0c6bbd</font></td>
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<td border="1" cellpadding="4"><i>Command</i><br/><font face="courier">getheaders</font></td>
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<td border="1"><i>Size</i><br/><font face="courier">69</font></td>
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<td border="1"><i>Checksum</i><br/><font face="courier">f5fcbcad</font></td>
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@ -39,12 +39,12 @@ getblocks [ shape="plaintext", label=<
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2"><i>Protocol Version</i><br /><font face="courier">70002</font></td>
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<td colspan="2"><i>Protocol Version</i><br /><font face="courier">70208</font></td>
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<td colspan="2"><i>Header Hash Count</i><br /><font face="courier">1</font></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="4"><i>Header Hashes (Highest-Height First)</i><br /><font face="courier">6fe28c0ab6f1b3...d6190000000000</font></td>
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<td colspan="4"><i>Header Hashes (Highest-Height First)</i><br /><font face="courier">b67a40f3cd5804...140b59fd0f0000</font></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
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<text text-anchor="start" x="199.5" y="-197.3" font-family="Sans" font-style="italic" font-size="14.00">Message Header</text>
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<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="95.5,-151.5 95.5,-189.5 179.5,-189.5 179.5,-151.5 95.5,-151.5"/>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="97.5" y="-174.3" font-family="Sans" font-style="italic" font-size="14.00">Start String</text>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="104" y="-160.3" font-family="Courier,monospace" font-size="14.00">f9beb4d9</text>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="104" y="-160.3" font-family="Courier,monospace" font-size="14.00">bf0c6bbd</text>
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<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="181.5,-151.5 181.5,-189.5 274.5,-189.5 274.5,-151.5 181.5,-151.5"/>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="193" y="-174.3" font-family="Sans" font-style="italic" font-size="14.00">Command</text>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="186.5" y="-160.3" font-family="Courier,monospace" font-size="14.00">getheaders</text>
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@ -34,13 +34,13 @@
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<text text-anchor="start" x="229.5" y="-138.3" font-family="Sans" font-style="italic" font-size="14.00">Payload</text>
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<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="95.5,-98.5 95.5,-130.5 274.5,-130.5 274.5,-98.5 95.5,-98.5"/>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="128.5" y="-118.3" font-family="Sans" font-style="italic" font-size="14.00">Protocol Version</text>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="164" y="-104.3" font-family="Courier,monospace" font-size="14.00">70002</text>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="164" y="-104.3" font-family="Courier,monospace" font-size="14.00">70208</text>
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<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="276.5,-98.5 276.5,-130.5 418.5,-130.5 418.5,-98.5 276.5,-98.5"/>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="279.5" y="-118.3" font-family="Sans" font-style="italic" font-size="14.00">Header Hash Count</text>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="343" y="-104.3" font-family="Courier,monospace" font-size="14.00">1</text>
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<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="95.5,-64.5 95.5,-96.5 418.5,-96.5 418.5,-64.5 95.5,-64.5"/>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="127.5" y="-84.3" font-family="Sans" font-style="italic" font-size="14.00">Header Hashes (Highest-Height First)</text>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="129" y="-70.3" font-family="Courier,monospace" font-size="14.00">6fe28c0ab6f1b3...d6190000000000</text>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="129" y="-70.3" font-family="Courier,monospace" font-size="14.00">b67a40f3cd5804...140b59fd0f0000</text>
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<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="95.5,-30.5 95.5,-62.5 418.5,-62.5 418.5,-30.5 95.5,-30.5"/>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="138.5" y="-50.3" font-family="Sans" font-style="italic" font-size="14.00">Stopping Hash (Zero Is "No Stop")</text>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="129" y="-36.3" font-family="Courier,monospace" font-size="14.00">00000000000000...00000000000000</text>
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Before Width: | Height: | Size: 5.2 KiB After Width: | Height: | Size: 5.2 KiB |
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@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ inv [ shape="plaintext", label=<
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td border="1"><i>Start String</i><br/><font face="courier">f9beb4d9</font></td>
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<td border="1"><i>Start String</i><br/><font face="courier">bf0c6bbd</font></td>
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<td border="1"><i>Command</i><br/><font face="courier">headers</font></td>
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<td border="1"><i>Size</i><br/><font face="courier">162003</font></td>
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<td border="1"><i>Checksum</i><br/><font face="courier">a65b2b77</font></td>
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@ -48,6 +48,9 @@ inv [ shape="plaintext", label=<
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<tr>
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<td><i>80-byte Block Headers + 0x00 (The Empty Tx Count)</i></td>
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</tr>
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// Block headers not updated for Dash
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<tr>
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<td><font face="courier">010000006fe28cab...ff001d01e3629900</font></td>
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</tr>
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@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
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<text text-anchor="start" x="227.5" y="-224.3" font-family="Sans" font-style="italic" font-size="14.00">Message Header</text>
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<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="80,-181.5 80,-215.5 219,-215.5 219,-181.5 80,-181.5"/>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="109.5" y="-202.3" font-family="Sans" font-style="italic" font-size="14.00">Start String</text>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="116" y="-188.3" font-family="Courier,monospace" font-size="14.00">f9beb4d9</text>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="116" y="-188.3" font-family="Courier,monospace" font-size="14.00">bf0c6bbd</text>
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<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="221,-181.5 221,-215.5 324,-215.5 324,-181.5 221,-181.5"/>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="237.5" y="-202.3" font-family="Sans" font-style="italic" font-size="14.00">Command</text>
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<text text-anchor="start" x="243.5" y="-188.3" font-family="Courier,monospace" font-size="14.00">headers</text>
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