Releases: Variablize Release Notes

Add additional variables to the release note files to allow setting the
version number and date.  The version number is required, and can be
used to automatically set the release notes title.  The date is optional
and can be set hours/days after the release.

Additionally, a Makefile test is added that checks whether the download
files exist on the Bitcoin.org server.  This can help prevent creating a
broken Download page.

* Set variables for all previous releases

* Document variables in README.md

* Update code and templates to use variables

* Add the Download page links to the "dl" CSS class. Also add newlines
  to make the HTML a bit easier to parse using sed

* Add a new Liquid plugin to print warnings. This is used to print a
  non-error warning if any release is created without the optional date

Makefile

@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ pre-build-tests: pre-build-tests-fast
 	@ true
 
 ## All post-build tests, including those which might take multiple minutes
-post-build-tests: post-build-tests-fast
+post-build-tests: post-build-tests-fast \
+    check-for-broken-bitcoin-core-download-links
 	@ true ## SOMEDAY: use linkchecker to find broken links 
 	@      ## after this bug is fixed: https://github.com/wummel/linkchecker/issues/513
 
@@ -197,3 +198,14 @@ manual-check-diff-sha256sums:
 	  | sort - _site/sha256sums.txt \
 	  | uniq -u \
 	  | sort -k2
+
+check-for-broken-bitcoin-core-download-links:
+	$S grep 'class="dl"' _site/en/download.html \
+	  | sed 's/.*href="//; s/".*//' \
+	  | while read url ; do \
+	    if [ "$${url##http*}" ]; then \
+	      curl -sI "https://bitcoin.org$$url" ; \
+	    else \
+	      curl -sI "$$url" ; \
+	    fi | grep -q '200 OK' || echo "Error: Could not retrieve $$url" ; \
+	  done | eval $(ERROR_ON_OUTPUT)