mirror of
https://github.com/seigler/dash-docs
synced 2025-07-27 09:46:12 +00:00
Merge branch 'master' into add-xapo-wallet
This commit is contained in:
commit
e5e43c582d
377 changed files with 31844 additions and 6651 deletions
2
.gitignore
vendored
2
.gitignore
vendored
|
@ -7,3 +7,5 @@ _site/
|
|||
Icon?
|
||||
ehthumbs.db
|
||||
Thumbs.db
|
||||
.bundle
|
||||
vendor
|
||||
|
|
1
COPYING
1
COPYING
|
@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ Various picture files inside the folders listed above are subjected to copyright
|
|||
|
||||
img/brand
|
||||
img/clients
|
||||
img/screenshots
|
||||
img/faq
|
||||
img/innovation
|
||||
img/press
|
||||
|
|
14
Gemfile
Normal file
14
Gemfile
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
|
|||
source 'https://rubygems.org'
|
||||
|
||||
ruby '2.0.0'
|
||||
|
||||
group :development do
|
||||
gem 'ffi-icu'
|
||||
gem 'jekyll'
|
||||
gem 'json'
|
||||
gem 'less'
|
||||
gem 'kramdown'
|
||||
gem 'RedCloth'
|
||||
gem 'therubyracer' # required by less
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
66
Gemfile.lock
Normal file
66
Gemfile.lock
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
|
|||
GEM
|
||||
remote: https://rubygems.org/
|
||||
specs:
|
||||
RedCloth (4.2.9)
|
||||
classifier (1.3.3)
|
||||
fast-stemmer (>= 1.0.0)
|
||||
colorator (0.1)
|
||||
commander (4.1.5)
|
||||
highline (~> 1.6.11)
|
||||
commonjs (0.2.7)
|
||||
fast-stemmer (1.0.2)
|
||||
ffi (1.9.3)
|
||||
ffi-icu (0.1.2)
|
||||
ffi (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.9)
|
||||
highline (1.6.20)
|
||||
jekyll (1.3.0)
|
||||
classifier (~> 1.3)
|
||||
colorator (~> 0.1)
|
||||
commander (~> 4.1.3)
|
||||
liquid (~> 2.5.2)
|
||||
listen (~> 1.3)
|
||||
maruku (~> 0.6.0)
|
||||
pygments.rb (~> 0.5.0)
|
||||
redcarpet (~> 2.3.0)
|
||||
safe_yaml (~> 0.9.7)
|
||||
json (1.8.1)
|
||||
kramdown (1.3.3)
|
||||
less (2.4.0)
|
||||
commonjs (~> 0.2.7)
|
||||
libv8 (3.16.14.3)
|
||||
liquid (2.5.4)
|
||||
listen (1.3.1)
|
||||
rb-fsevent (>= 0.9.3)
|
||||
rb-inotify (>= 0.9)
|
||||
rb-kqueue (>= 0.2)
|
||||
maruku (0.6.1)
|
||||
syntax (>= 1.0.0)
|
||||
posix-spawn (0.3.6)
|
||||
pygments.rb (0.5.4)
|
||||
posix-spawn (~> 0.3.6)
|
||||
yajl-ruby (~> 1.1.0)
|
||||
rb-fsevent (0.9.3)
|
||||
rb-inotify (0.9.2)
|
||||
ffi (>= 0.5.0)
|
||||
rb-kqueue (0.2.0)
|
||||
ffi (>= 0.5.0)
|
||||
redcarpet (2.3.0)
|
||||
ref (1.0.5)
|
||||
safe_yaml (0.9.7)
|
||||
syntax (1.0.0)
|
||||
therubyracer (0.12.1)
|
||||
libv8 (~> 3.16.14.0)
|
||||
ref
|
||||
yajl-ruby (1.1.0)
|
||||
|
||||
PLATFORMS
|
||||
ruby
|
||||
|
||||
DEPENDENCIES
|
||||
RedCloth
|
||||
ffi-icu
|
||||
jekyll
|
||||
json
|
||||
kramdown
|
||||
less
|
||||
therubyracer
|
109
Makefile
Normal file
109
Makefile
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
|
|||
## Optional Makefile: only used for testing & maintainer automation;
|
||||
## not used to build live site
|
||||
|
||||
S=@ ## Silent: only print errors by default;
|
||||
## run `make S='' [other args]` to print commands as they're run
|
||||
|
||||
## Old versions of jekyll must not call "build". If you have one of
|
||||
## these versions, either run make like this: make JEKYLL_COMMAND=jekyll
|
||||
## or create the JEKYLL_COMMAND environmental variable:
|
||||
# echo 'export JEKYLL_COMMAND=jekyll' >> ~/.bashrc
|
||||
# exec bash
|
||||
# make
|
||||
JEKYLL_COMMAND ?= "bundle exec jekyll build"
|
||||
SITEDIR=_site
|
||||
JEKYLL_LOG=._jekyll.log
|
||||
|
||||
#######################
|
||||
## REGULAR ARGUMENTS ##
|
||||
#######################
|
||||
|
||||
## `make` (no arguments): just build
|
||||
default: build
|
||||
|
||||
## `make test`: don't build, but do run all tests
|
||||
test: pre-build-tests post-build-tests
|
||||
|
||||
## `make valid`: build and run fast tests
|
||||
valid: pre-build-tests-fast build post-build-tests-fast
|
||||
|
||||
## `make all`: build and run all tests
|
||||
all: pre-build-tests build post-build-tests
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Pre-build tests which, aggregated together, take less than 5 seconds to run on a typical PC
|
||||
pre-build-tests-fast: check-for-non-ascii-urls
|
||||
|
||||
## Post-build tests which, aggregated together, take less than 5 seconds to run on a typical PC
|
||||
post-build-tests-fast: check-for-build-errors ensure-each-svg-has-a-png check-for-liquid-errors \
|
||||
check-for-missing-anchors check-for-broken-markdown-reference-links
|
||||
|
||||
## All pre-build tests, including those which might take multiple minutes
|
||||
pre-build-tests: pre-build-tests-fast
|
||||
@ true
|
||||
|
||||
## All post-build tests, including those which might take multiple minutes
|
||||
post-build-tests: post-build-tests-fast
|
||||
@ true ## SOMEDAY: use linkchecker to find broken links
|
||||
@ ## after this bug is fixed: https://github.com/wummel/linkchecker/issues/513
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#################
|
||||
## SUB-TARGETS ##
|
||||
#################
|
||||
ERROR_ON_OUTPUT="sed '1s/^/ERROR:\n/' | if grep . ; then sed 1iERROR ; false ; else true ; fi"
|
||||
|
||||
## Always build using the default locale so log messages can be grepped.
|
||||
## This should not affect webpage output.
|
||||
build:
|
||||
$S export LANG=C.UTF-8 ; eval $(JEKYLL_COMMAND) 2>&1 | tee $(JEKYLL_LOG)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Jekyll annoyingly returns success even when it emits errors and
|
||||
## exceptions, so we'll grep its output for error strings
|
||||
check-for-build-errors:
|
||||
$S egrep -i '(error|warn|exception)' $(JEKYLL_LOG) \
|
||||
| eval $(ERROR_ON_OUTPUT)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Old browser support requires each SVG image also be available as a
|
||||
## PNG with the same base name
|
||||
ensure-each-svg-has-a-png:
|
||||
$S find $(SITEDIR)/img -name '*.svg' | while read file \
|
||||
; do test -f $${file%.svg}.png || echo "$$file missing corresponding PNG" \
|
||||
; done | eval $(ERROR_ON_OUTPUT)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Some Jekyll errors leave error messages in the text
|
||||
check-for-liquid-errors:
|
||||
$S grep -r 'Liquid syntax error:' $(SITEDIR)/ | eval $(ERROR_ON_OUTPUT)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Report missing anchors for local links defined in the references file.
|
||||
#
|
||||
## Takes less than 1 second here as of 2014-05-16 -harding
|
||||
check-for-missing-anchors:
|
||||
$S sed -n 's!^\[[^]]*]: \+!!; s/ .*//; /#/s!^/!!p' _includes/references.md \
|
||||
| sort -u \
|
||||
| while read link ; do file="$(SITEDIR)/$${link%#*}.html" \
|
||||
; anchor="$${link##*#}" \
|
||||
; egrep -ql '(id|name)=.'$$anchor'[^a-zA-Z0-9_-]' $$file \
|
||||
|| echo "$$file#$$anchor not found" \
|
||||
; done | eval $(ERROR_ON_OUTPUT)
|
||||
|
||||
check-for-broken-markdown-reference-links:
|
||||
## Report Markdown reference-style links which weren't converted to HTML
|
||||
## links in the output, indicating there's no reference definition
|
||||
$S find $(SITEDIR) -name '*.html' | xargs grep '\]\[' | eval $(ERROR_ON_OUTPUT)
|
||||
|
||||
check-for-non-ascii-urls:
|
||||
## Always check all translated urls don't contain non-ASCII
|
||||
## characters or spaces.
|
||||
$S find _translations -name '*.yml' | while read file \
|
||||
; do grep -H . $$file | sed -n -e '/url:/,$$p' \
|
||||
| grep -P '[^\x00-\x7f]|[a-z\-] [a-z\-]' \
|
||||
; done | eval $(ERROR_ON_OUTPUT)
|
115
README.md
115
README.md
|
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
|
|||
## How to participate
|
||||
## How To Participate
|
||||
|
||||
You can report any problem or help to improve bitcoin.org by opening an issue or a [pull request](#working-with-github) on [GitHub](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org). You can also help [translating bitcoin.org](#translation) on [Transifex](https://www.transifex.com/projects/p/bitcoinorg/).
|
||||
You can report problems or help improve bitcoin.org by opening an issue or a [pull request](#working-with-github) on [GitHub](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org). You can also help by [translating](#translation) bitcoin.org's text on [Transifex](https://www.transifex.com/projects/p/bitcoinorg/).
|
||||
|
||||
### Working with GitHub
|
||||
### Working With GitHub
|
||||
|
||||
GitHub allows you to make changes to a project using git, and later submit them in a "pull request" so they can be reviewed and discussed. Many online how-tos exist so you can learn git, [here's a good one](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorial/git-basics).
|
||||
|
||||
In order to use GitHub, you need to [sign up](http://github.com/signup) and [set up git](https://help.github.com/articles/set-up-git). You will also need to click the **Fork** button on the bitcoin.org [GitHub page](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org) and clone your GitHub repository into a local directory using the following command lines:
|
||||
In order to use GitHub, you need to [sign up](http://github.com/signup) and [set up git](https://help.github.com/articles/set-up-git). You will also need to click the **Fork** button on the bitcoin.org [GitHub page](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org) and clone your GitHub repository into a local directory with the following command lines:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
git clone (url provided by GitHub on your fork's page) bitcoin.org
|
||||
|
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ When submitting a pull request, please take required time to discuss your change
|
|||
|
||||
**How to make additional changes in a pull request**
|
||||
|
||||
You simply need to push additionnal commits on the appropriate branch of your GitHub repository. That's basically the same steps as above, except you don't need to re-create the branch and the pull request.
|
||||
You simply need to push additional commits on the appropriate branch of your GitHub repository. That's basically the same steps as above, except you don't need to re-create the branch and the pull request.
|
||||
|
||||
**How to reset and update your master branch with latest upstream changes**
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -39,44 +39,129 @@ You simply need to push additionnal commits on the appropriate branch of your Gi
|
|||
|
||||
### Previewing
|
||||
|
||||
**Easy preview**: Simple text changes can be previewed live on bitcoin.org. You only need to click anywhere on the page and hold your mouse button for one second. You'll then be able to edit the page just like a document. Changes will be lost as soon as the page is refreshed.
|
||||
#### Preview Small Text Changes
|
||||
|
||||
**Real preview**: Install [dependencies](#requirements), run jekyll (or "jekyll build" on older setups), and copy the output files from _site/ to the root of your web server. If you have no web server, run jekyll --server (or "jekyll serve" on older setups). This server requires you to add a trailing ".html" by hand in your browser address bar.
|
||||
Simple text changes can be previewed live on bitcoin.org. You only need to click anywhere on the page and hold your mouse button for one second. You'll then be able to edit the page just like a document. Changes will be lost as soon as the page is refreshed.
|
||||
|
||||
### Requirements
|
||||
#### Build Site With Jekyll From Bundler
|
||||
|
||||
Installing dependencies on Ubuntu 12.10
|
||||
Make sure you have ruby 2.0. If you don't, we recommend
|
||||
[installing it with RVM](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/articles/how-to-install-ruby-on-rails-on-ubuntu-14-04-using-rvm),
|
||||
which can usually be done by running the following three commands:
|
||||
|
||||
\curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
|
||||
source ~/.rvm/scripts/rvm
|
||||
rvm install ruby-2.0.0
|
||||
|
||||
Next, you need to install bundler, and let it install all gems you need
|
||||
to build the site. You must run the last command from within your local
|
||||
bitcoin.org repository:
|
||||
|
||||
gem install bundler
|
||||
bundle install
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, you can build the website in _site/:
|
||||
|
||||
bundle exec jekyll build
|
||||
|
||||
You can then copy the output files from _site/ to the root of your web server.
|
||||
If you have no web server, run `bundle exec jekyll serve` and visit
|
||||
http://127.0.0.1:4000/. This server requires you to add a trailing ".html"
|
||||
by hand in your browser address bar.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Build Site With Jekyll From APT
|
||||
|
||||
The instructions in the section above will ensure that you use the same
|
||||
versions of the same software we use to build the website, but you can
|
||||
also install dependencies from your Linux distribution. For example:
|
||||
|
||||
Installing dependencies on Ubuntu 12.10:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install jekyll node-less ruby1.9.1-dev libicu-dev
|
||||
sudo gem install ffi-icu
|
||||
|
||||
Installing dependencies on older Ubuntu and Debian distributions
|
||||
Installing dependencies on older Ubuntu and Debian distributions:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install rubygems ruby1.9.1-dev build-essential libicu-dev
|
||||
sudo gem install jekyll json less therubyracer ffi-icu
|
||||
|
||||
Finally build the website in _site/:
|
||||
|
||||
jekyll
|
||||
|
||||
...Or `jekyll build` on recent versions. You can then copy the output files
|
||||
from _site/ to the root of your web server. If you have no web server, run
|
||||
`jekyll --server` (or `jekyll serve` on recent versions) and visit
|
||||
http://127.0.0.1:4000/. This server requires you to add a trailing ".html"
|
||||
by hand in your browser address bar.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Building With Make
|
||||
|
||||
After you've installed Jekyll and the other depenencies, you can
|
||||
optionally use GNU Make to automatically build the site and run several
|
||||
tests. You will first need to install Make using your package manager;
|
||||
for example:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install make
|
||||
|
||||
Then in your local bitcoin.org repository, run one of the following
|
||||
commands:
|
||||
|
||||
## To just build the site, the equivalent of: bundle exec jekyll build
|
||||
make
|
||||
|
||||
## After you build the site, you can run all of the tests (may take awhile)
|
||||
make test
|
||||
|
||||
## Or you can build the site and run some quick tests with one command:
|
||||
make valid
|
||||
|
||||
## Or build the site and run all tests
|
||||
make all
|
||||
|
||||
## Developer Documentation
|
||||
|
||||
Each part of the documentation can be found in the [_includes](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org/tree/master/_includes)
|
||||
directory. Updates, fixes and improvements are welcome and can submitted using [pull requests](#working-with-github) on GitHub.
|
||||
|
||||
**Mailing List**: General discussions can take place on the
|
||||
[mailing list](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/bitcoin-documentation).
|
||||
|
||||
**TODO List**: New content and suggestions for improvements can be submitted
|
||||
to the [TODO list](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org/wiki/Documentation-TODO).
|
||||
You are also welcome if you want to assign yourself to any task.
|
||||
|
||||
**Style Guide**: For better consistency, the [style guide](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org/wiki/Documentation-Style-Guide)
|
||||
can be used as a reference for terminology, style and formatting. Suggested changes
|
||||
can also be submitted to this guide to keep it up to date.
|
||||
|
||||
**Cross-Reference Links**: Cross-reference links can be defined in
|
||||
_includes/references.md. Terms which should automatically link to these
|
||||
references are defined in _autocrossref.yaml .
|
||||
|
||||
## Translation
|
||||
|
||||
### How to translate
|
||||
### How To Translate
|
||||
|
||||
You can join a translation team on [Transifex](https://www.transifex.com/projects/p/bitcoinorg/) and start translating or improving existing translations. Latest live previews and communications can be found on [this thread](https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=349633.0).
|
||||
|
||||
* You must be a native speaker for the language you choose to translate.
|
||||
* Please be careful to preserve the original meaning of each text.
|
||||
* Sentences and popular expressions should sound native in your language.
|
||||
* You can check the result on live previews and [test small changes](#preview-small-text-changes).
|
||||
* Translations need to be reviewed by a reviewer or coordinator before publication.
|
||||
* Once reviewed, translations can be [submitted](#import-translations) in a pull request on GitHub.
|
||||
* **In doubt, please open a discussion on Transifex with coordinators. That'll be much appreciated.**
|
||||
|
||||
### Import translations
|
||||
### Import Translations
|
||||
|
||||
**Update translations**: You can update the relevant language file in \_translations/ and from the root of the git repository run ./\_contrib/updatetx.rb to update layouts and templates for this language. You should also make sure that no url has been changed by translators. If any page needs to be moved, please add [redirections](#redirections).
|
||||
|
||||
**Add a new language**: You can put the language file from Transifex in \_translations and add the language in \_config.yml in the right display order for the language bar. Make sure to review all pages and check all links.
|
||||
|
||||
### Update english strings
|
||||
### Update English Strings
|
||||
|
||||
Any change in the english texts can be done through a pull request on GitHub. If your changes affect the html layout of a page, you should apply fallback html code for other languages until they are updated.
|
||||
Any change in the English text can be done through a pull request on GitHub. If your changes affect the HTML layout of a page, you should apply fallback HTML code for other languages until they are updated.
|
||||
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'fr' %}
|
||||
|
@ -171,7 +256,7 @@ Redirections can be defined in ```_config.yml```.
|
|||
/news: /en/version-history
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Aliases for contributors
|
||||
### Aliases For Contributors
|
||||
|
||||
Aliases for contributors are defined in ```_config.yml```.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
297
_autocrossref.yaml
Normal file
297
_autocrossref.yaml
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
## List of words to match with references in _includes/references.md
|
||||
## in developer documentation, used by autocrossref.rb plugin.
|
||||
## "pattern to match in file" => "reference to give it"
|
||||
|
||||
51 percent attack:
|
||||
address:
|
||||
addresses: address
|
||||
'`amount`': pp amount
|
||||
base-58: base58check
|
||||
base58: base58check
|
||||
base58check:
|
||||
## bitcoin -- Recommend against bitcoin (singular) because of confusion between protocol, software, denomination
|
||||
bitcoins:
|
||||
bitcoin QR code: URI QR code
|
||||
bitcoin QR codes: URI QR code
|
||||
'`bitcoin:` URI': bitcoin uri
|
||||
'`bitcoin:` URIs': bitcoin uri
|
||||
block:
|
||||
block chain:
|
||||
block-chain: block chain
|
||||
block header:
|
||||
block height:
|
||||
block reward:
|
||||
block time:
|
||||
block version:
|
||||
blocks: block
|
||||
broadcast:
|
||||
broadcasts: broadcast
|
||||
broadcasting:
|
||||
certificate chain:
|
||||
chain code:
|
||||
change address:
|
||||
change addresses: change address
|
||||
change output:
|
||||
change outputs: change output
|
||||
child key:
|
||||
child keys: child key
|
||||
child private and public keys: child key
|
||||
child public key:
|
||||
child public keys: child public key
|
||||
coinbase: coinbase transaction
|
||||
coinbase transaction:
|
||||
coinbase transactions: coinbase transaction
|
||||
coinbase field:
|
||||
confirm:
|
||||
confirmed:
|
||||
confirmation:
|
||||
confirmations:
|
||||
confirmed transactions:
|
||||
denomination:
|
||||
denominations: denomination
|
||||
DER format: der
|
||||
DER-formatted: der
|
||||
difficulty:
|
||||
double spend:
|
||||
double-spend: double spend
|
||||
double spending: double spend
|
||||
double-spent: double spend
|
||||
ECDSA:
|
||||
escrow contract:
|
||||
'`expires`': pp expires
|
||||
extended key:
|
||||
extended keys: extended key
|
||||
extended private key:
|
||||
extended public key:
|
||||
fiat:
|
||||
fork: accidental fork
|
||||
genesis block:
|
||||
hardened extended private key:
|
||||
HD protocol:
|
||||
header nonce:
|
||||
high-priority transaction: high-priority transactions
|
||||
high-priority transactions:
|
||||
inputs: input
|
||||
input:
|
||||
intermediate certificate:
|
||||
intermediate certificates: intermediate certificate
|
||||
key index:
|
||||
key pair:
|
||||
'`label`': label
|
||||
leaf certificate:
|
||||
locktime:
|
||||
long-term fork:
|
||||
mainnet:
|
||||
master chain code:
|
||||
master private key:
|
||||
'`memo`': pp memo
|
||||
'`message`': message
|
||||
'`merchant_data`': pp merchant data
|
||||
merkle root:
|
||||
merkle tree:
|
||||
merge:
|
||||
Merge avoidance:
|
||||
micropayment channel:
|
||||
micropayment channels: micropayment channel
|
||||
mine:
|
||||
miner:
|
||||
miners: miner
|
||||
minimum fee:
|
||||
mining: mine
|
||||
millibit: millibits
|
||||
millibits:
|
||||
multisig:
|
||||
network:
|
||||
null data:
|
||||
'`op_checkmultisig`': op_checkmultisig
|
||||
'`op_checksig`': op_checksig
|
||||
op code:
|
||||
op codes: op code
|
||||
'`op_dup`': op_dup
|
||||
'`op_equal`': op_equal
|
||||
'`op_equalverify`': op_equalverify
|
||||
'`op_hash160`': op_hash160
|
||||
'`op_return`': op_return
|
||||
'`op_verify`': op_verify
|
||||
orphan:
|
||||
orphaned: orphan
|
||||
outputs: output
|
||||
output:
|
||||
output index:
|
||||
p2pkh:
|
||||
p2sh:
|
||||
p2sh multisig:
|
||||
parent chain code:
|
||||
parent key:
|
||||
parent private key:
|
||||
parent private and public keys: parent key
|
||||
parent public key:
|
||||
payment protocol:
|
||||
"payment protocol's": payment protocol
|
||||
PaymentDetails:
|
||||
PaymentRequest:
|
||||
PaymentRequests: paymentrequest
|
||||
peer:
|
||||
peers: peer
|
||||
peer-to-peer network: network
|
||||
pki:
|
||||
'`pki_type`': pp pki type
|
||||
'`point()`': point function
|
||||
private key:
|
||||
private keys: private key
|
||||
proof of work:
|
||||
proof-of-work: proof of work
|
||||
protocol buffer: protobuf
|
||||
protocol buffers: protobuf
|
||||
pubkey hash:
|
||||
pubkey hashes: pubkey hash
|
||||
public key:
|
||||
public keys: public key
|
||||
public key infrastructure: pki
|
||||
'`r`': r
|
||||
raw format:
|
||||
rawtransaction format: raw format
|
||||
receipt:
|
||||
recurrent rebilling:
|
||||
redeemScript:
|
||||
refund:
|
||||
refunds: refund
|
||||
regression test mode:
|
||||
regtest: regression test mode
|
||||
root certificate:
|
||||
root seed:
|
||||
RPCs: rpc
|
||||
RPC:
|
||||
satoshi:
|
||||
satoshis: satoshi
|
||||
script:
|
||||
'`script`': pp script
|
||||
script hash:
|
||||
scripts: script
|
||||
scriptSig:
|
||||
scriptSigs: scriptSig
|
||||
secp256k1:
|
||||
sequence number:
|
||||
sequence numbers: sequence number
|
||||
SIGHASH: signature hash
|
||||
'`SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY`': shacp
|
||||
'`SIGHASH_ALL`': sighash_all
|
||||
'`SIGHASH_ALL|SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY`': sha_shacp
|
||||
'`SIGHASH_NONE`': sighash_none
|
||||
'`SIGHASH_NONE|SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY`': shn_shacp
|
||||
'`SIGHASH_SINGLE|SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY`': shs_shacp
|
||||
signature:
|
||||
signature hash:
|
||||
signatures: signature
|
||||
SPV:
|
||||
stack:
|
||||
standard script:
|
||||
standard scripts: standard script
|
||||
standard transaction: standard script
|
||||
standard transactions: standard script
|
||||
target:
|
||||
testnet:
|
||||
#transaction -- Recommend we don't autocrossref this; it occurs too often
|
||||
transaction fee:
|
||||
transaction fees: transaction fee
|
||||
transaction malleability:
|
||||
transaction object format:
|
||||
transaction version number:
|
||||
'`transactions`': pp transactions
|
||||
txid:
|
||||
txids: txid
|
||||
unconfirmed:
|
||||
unconfirmed transactions:
|
||||
unique address: unique addresses
|
||||
unique addresses:
|
||||
utxo:
|
||||
utxos: utxo
|
||||
verified payments:
|
||||
version 2 blocks: v2 block
|
||||
wallet:
|
||||
wallets: wallet
|
||||
wallet import format:
|
||||
x.509: x509
|
||||
X509Certificates:
|
||||
|
||||
## BIPS in numerical order; don't use padding zeros (e.g. BIP70 not BIP0070)
|
||||
BIP21:
|
||||
BIP32:
|
||||
BIP39:
|
||||
BIP70:
|
||||
BIP71:
|
||||
BIP72:
|
||||
|
||||
## RPCs
|
||||
'`addmultisigaddress`': rpc addmultisigaddress
|
||||
'`addnode`': rpc addnode
|
||||
'`backupwallet`': rpc backupwallet
|
||||
'`createmultisig`': rpc createmultisig
|
||||
'`createrawtransaction`': rpc createrawtransaction
|
||||
'`decoderawtransaction`': rpc decoderawtransaction
|
||||
'`decodescript`': rpc decodescript
|
||||
'`dumpprivkey`': rpc dumpprivkey
|
||||
'`dumpwallet`': rpc dumpwallet
|
||||
'`getaccount`': rpc getaccount
|
||||
'`getaccountaddress`': rpc getaccountaddress
|
||||
'`getaddednodeinfo`': rpc getaddednodeinfo
|
||||
'`getaddressesbyaccount`': rpc getaddressesbyaccount
|
||||
'`getbalance`': rpc getbalance
|
||||
'`getbestblockhash`': rpc getbestblockhash
|
||||
'`getblock`': rpc getblock
|
||||
'`getblockcount`': rpc getblockcount
|
||||
'`getblockhash`': rpc getblockhash
|
||||
'`getblocktemplate`': rpc getblocktemplate
|
||||
'`getconnectioncount`': rpc getconnectioncount
|
||||
'`getdifficulty`': rpc getdifficulty
|
||||
'`getgenerate`': rpc getgenerate
|
||||
'`gethashespersec`': rpc gethashespersec
|
||||
'`getinfo`': rpc getinfo
|
||||
'`getmininginfo`': rpc getmininginfo
|
||||
'`getnettotals`': rpc getnettotals
|
||||
'`getnetworkhashps`': rpc getnetworkhashps
|
||||
'`getnewaddress`': rpc getnewaddress
|
||||
'`getpeerinfo`': rpc getpeerinfo
|
||||
'`getrawchangeaddress`': rpc getrawchangeaddress
|
||||
'`getrawmempool`': rpc getrawmempool
|
||||
'`getrawtransaction`': rpc getrawtransaction
|
||||
'`getreceivedbyaccount`': rpc getreceivedbyaccount
|
||||
'`getreceivedbyaddress`': rpc getreceivedbyaddress
|
||||
'`gettransaction`': rpc gettransaction
|
||||
'`gettxout`': rpc gettxout
|
||||
'`gettxoutsetinfo`': rpc gettxoutsetinfo
|
||||
'`getunconfirmedbalance`': rpc getunconfirmedbalance
|
||||
'`getwork`': rpc getwork
|
||||
'`help`': rpc help
|
||||
'`importprivkey`': rpc importprivkey
|
||||
'`importwallet`': rpc importwallet
|
||||
'`keypoolrefill`': rpc keypoolrefill
|
||||
'`listaccounts`': rpc listaccounts
|
||||
'`listaddressgroupings`': rpc listaddressgroupings
|
||||
'`listlockunspent`': rpc listlockunspent
|
||||
'`listreceivedbyaccount`': rpc listreceivedbyaccount
|
||||
'`listreceivedbyaddress`': rpc listreceivedbyaddress
|
||||
'`listsinceblock`': rpc listsinceblock
|
||||
'`listtransactions`': rpc listtransactions
|
||||
'`listunspent`': rpc listunspent
|
||||
'`lockunspent`': rpc lockunspent
|
||||
'`move`': rpc move
|
||||
'`ping`': rpc ping
|
||||
'`sendfrom`': rpc sendfrom
|
||||
'`sendmany`': rpc sendmany
|
||||
'`sendrawtransaction`': rpc sendrawtransaction
|
||||
'`sendtoaddress`': rpc sendtoaddress
|
||||
'`setaccount`': rpc setaccount
|
||||
'`setgenerate`': rpc setgenerate
|
||||
'`settxfee`': rpc settxfee
|
||||
'`signmessage`': rpc signmessage
|
||||
'`signrawtransaction`': rpc signrawtransaction
|
||||
'`stop`': rpc stop
|
||||
'`submitblock`': rpc submitblock
|
||||
'`validateaddress`': rpc validateaddress
|
||||
'`verifychain`': rpc verifychain
|
||||
'`verifymessage`': rpc verifymessage
|
||||
'`walletlock`': rpc walletlock
|
||||
'`walletpassphrase`': rpc walletpassphrase
|
||||
'`walletpassphrasechange`': rpc walletpassphrasechange
|
70
_config.yml
70
_config.yml
|
@ -1,35 +1,51 @@
|
|||
langsorder:
|
||||
- id: de
|
||||
- id: id
|
||||
- id: en
|
||||
- id: es
|
||||
- id: fr
|
||||
- id: it
|
||||
- id: hu
|
||||
- id: nl
|
||||
- id: pl
|
||||
- id: ru
|
||||
- id: tr
|
||||
- id: bg
|
||||
- id: zh_CN
|
||||
- id: zh_TW
|
||||
- id: ar
|
||||
- id: fa
|
||||
- id
|
||||
- da
|
||||
- de
|
||||
- en
|
||||
- es
|
||||
- fr
|
||||
- it
|
||||
- hu
|
||||
- nl
|
||||
- pl
|
||||
- pt_BR
|
||||
- ro
|
||||
- sl
|
||||
- sv
|
||||
- tr
|
||||
- bg
|
||||
- ru
|
||||
- ar
|
||||
- fa
|
||||
- hi
|
||||
- ko
|
||||
- ja
|
||||
- zh_CN
|
||||
- zh_TW
|
||||
|
||||
langs:
|
||||
ar: ألعربية
|
||||
bg: български
|
||||
da: Dansk
|
||||
de: Deutsch
|
||||
en: English
|
||||
es: Español
|
||||
fa: فارسی
|
||||
fr: Français
|
||||
hi: हिन्दी
|
||||
hu: magyar
|
||||
id: Bahasa Indonesia
|
||||
it: Italiano
|
||||
ja: 日本語
|
||||
ko: 한국의
|
||||
nl: Nederlands
|
||||
pl: Polski
|
||||
pl: polski
|
||||
pt_BR: Português Brasil
|
||||
ro: română
|
||||
ru: Русский
|
||||
sl: slovenščina
|
||||
sv: Svenska
|
||||
tr: Türkçe
|
||||
zh_CN: 简体中文
|
||||
zh_TW: 繁體中文
|
||||
|
@ -88,6 +104,7 @@ redirects:
|
|||
/zh_CN/about: /zh_CN/faq
|
||||
/es/acerca-de: /es/faq
|
||||
/fr/a-propos: /fr/faq
|
||||
/it/a-proposito: /it/faq
|
||||
/de/bitcoin-fuer-enthusiasten: /de/innovation
|
||||
/en/bitcoin-for-enthusiasts: /en/innovation
|
||||
/es/bitcoin-para-entusiastas: /es/innovacion
|
||||
|
@ -97,20 +114,33 @@ redirects:
|
|||
/pl/bitcoin-dla-entuzjastow: /pl/innowacje
|
||||
|
||||
aliases:
|
||||
s_nakamoto: Satoshi Nakamoto
|
||||
--author=Satoshi Nakamoto: Satoshi Nakamoto
|
||||
gavinandresen: Gavin Andresen
|
||||
gmaxwell: Gregory Maxwell
|
||||
gwb3: Garland William Binns III
|
||||
harding: David Harding
|
||||
jgarzik: Jeff Garzik
|
||||
laanwj: Wladimir J. van der Laan
|
||||
luke-jr: Luke-Jr
|
||||
mikehearn: Mike Hearn
|
||||
petertodd: Peter Todd
|
||||
s_nakamoto: Satoshi Nakamoto
|
||||
saivann: Saïvann Carignan
|
||||
schildbach: Andreas Schildbach
|
||||
sipa: Pieter Wuille
|
||||
tcatm: Nils Schneider
|
||||
|
||||
safe: false
|
||||
auto: false
|
||||
server: false
|
||||
server_port: 4000
|
||||
base-url: /
|
||||
|
||||
source: .
|
||||
destination: ./_site
|
||||
plugins: ./_plugins
|
||||
exclude:
|
||||
- Gemfile
|
||||
- Gemfile.lock
|
||||
- Makefile
|
||||
|
||||
future: true
|
||||
lsi: false
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
|
|||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
|
||||
REPO='https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org.git'
|
||||
WORKDIR='/bitcoin.org'
|
||||
DESTDIR='/var/www/bitcoinorg'
|
||||
|
||||
# Stop script in case a single command fails
|
||||
set -e
|
||||
|
||||
export PATH=/var/lib/gems/1.8/bin/:$PATH
|
||||
|
||||
# Clone repository if missing
|
||||
if [ ! -d $WORKDIR ]; then
|
||||
git clone $REPO $WORKDIR
|
||||
cd $WORKDIR
|
||||
git reset --hard HEAD~1
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
cd $WORKDIR
|
||||
|
||||
# Exit if no new commit is available
|
||||
git fetch -a
|
||||
LASTLOCALCOMMIT=`git log --format="%H" | head -n1`
|
||||
LASTREMOTECOMMIT=`git log origin/master --format="%H" | head -n1`
|
||||
if [ $LASTLOCALCOMMIT == $LASTREMOTECOMMIT ]; then
|
||||
exit
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# Update local branch
|
||||
git reset --hard origin/master
|
||||
git clean -x -f -d
|
||||
|
||||
# Build website
|
||||
jekyll
|
||||
rsync --exclude /bin/ --delete -a $WORKDIR/_site/ $DESTDIR/
|
95
_contrib/comparelinks.rb
Normal file
95
_contrib/comparelinks.rb
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
|
|||
## This script is used to compare all links between two branches of the
|
||||
## website. Each branches are built and compared.
|
||||
|
||||
## Example: ruby ./_contrib/comparelinks.rb master newbranch > ../diff
|
||||
|
||||
require 'tmpdir'
|
||||
|
||||
def prompt(*args)
|
||||
print(*args)
|
||||
gets
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
if !ARGV.empty? && !ARGV[0].empty? && !ARGV[1].empty?
|
||||
srcbr = ARGV[0]
|
||||
dstbr = ARGV[1]
|
||||
else
|
||||
print "Usage: comparelinks.rb oldbranch newbranch \n"
|
||||
exit
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
if !File.exist?('_config.yml')
|
||||
print "Wrong working directory. \n"
|
||||
exit
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
def fetchlinks()
|
||||
|
||||
# Fetch new list of links
|
||||
links = {}
|
||||
dirs = Dir.glob(WORKDIR + "/_site/**/*.html").each { |file|
|
||||
content = File.read(file)
|
||||
content.scan(/ href *= *"(.*?)"/).each { |link|
|
||||
link = link[0].to_s.gsub(/^(https?:\/\/(www\.)?bitcoin\.org)?\//,'/')
|
||||
next if (link.match(/^#|^http:\/\/www.meetup.com\//))
|
||||
if(!link.match(/^https?:\/\/|^\/[^\/]|^mailto:/))
|
||||
link = File.dirname(file.sub(WORKDIR + '/_site','')) + '/' + File.basename(link)
|
||||
end
|
||||
links[link] = "0"
|
||||
}
|
||||
content.scan(/ src *= *"(.*?)"/).each { |link|
|
||||
link = link[0].to_s.gsub(/^(https?:\/\/(www\.)?bitcoin\.org)?\//,'/')
|
||||
links[link] = "0"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return links
|
||||
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
Dir.mktmpdir{|workdir|
|
||||
|
||||
WORKDIR=workdir.gsub("\n",'')
|
||||
|
||||
# Copy current repository to a temporary directory
|
||||
`rsync -a ./ "#{WORKDIR}/"`
|
||||
|
||||
# Build both version of the website and fetch all links
|
||||
oldlinks = {}
|
||||
newlinks = {}
|
||||
|
||||
Dir.chdir(WORKDIR) do
|
||||
|
||||
`git checkout #{srcbr}`
|
||||
`jekyll`
|
||||
oldlinks = fetchlinks()
|
||||
|
||||
`git checkout #{dstbr}`
|
||||
`jekyll`
|
||||
newlinks = fetchlinks()
|
||||
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
# Find added links, removed links
|
||||
diffaddlinks = []
|
||||
diffrmlinks = []
|
||||
newlinks.each { |link, etag|
|
||||
next if oldlinks.has_key?(link)
|
||||
diffaddlinks.push(link)
|
||||
}
|
||||
oldlinks.each { |link, etag|
|
||||
next if newlinks.has_key?(link)
|
||||
diffrmlinks.push(link)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Display resulting diff
|
||||
diff = ''
|
||||
if diffaddlinks.length > 0
|
||||
diff = diff + "## links added\n\n" + diffaddlinks.join("\n") + "\n\n"
|
||||
end
|
||||
if diffrmlinks.length > 0
|
||||
diff = diff + "## links removed\n\n" + diffrmlinks.join("\n") + "\n\n"
|
||||
end
|
||||
print diff
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
|
@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
|
|||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
|
||||
REPO=git://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org.git
|
||||
DESTREPO=git@github.com:bitcoin/bitcoin.github.com.git
|
||||
|
||||
WORKDIR=`mktemp -d`
|
||||
DESTDIR=`mktemp -d`
|
||||
|
||||
# Stop script in case a single command fails
|
||||
set -e
|
||||
|
||||
# Cleanup on EXIT (even when a command fails)
|
||||
trap "rm -rf $WORKDIR $DESTDIR; exit 1" EXIT
|
||||
|
||||
export PATH=/var/lib/gems/1.8/bin/:$PATH
|
||||
|
||||
git clone $REPO $WORKDIR
|
||||
|
||||
cd $WORKDIR
|
||||
|
||||
git pull origin master
|
||||
git reset --hard
|
||||
git clean -x -f -d
|
||||
mkdir _site/
|
||||
|
||||
jekyll
|
||||
|
||||
git clone $DESTREPO $DESTDIR
|
||||
|
||||
COMMITMSG="jekyll build on `date -R` from `git log --oneline|head -n1`"
|
||||
|
||||
cd $DESTDIR
|
||||
|
||||
git pull origin master
|
||||
git reset --hard
|
||||
git clean -x -f -d
|
||||
|
||||
rsync --exclude=.git/ --delete -a $WORKDIR/_site/ $DESTDIR
|
||||
|
||||
git add .
|
||||
git commit -a -m "$COMMITMSG"
|
||||
git push origin master
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-04-03
|
||||
title: "Swedish Bitcoin Conference 2014"
|
||||
venue: "Finlandshuset Conference Center"
|
||||
address: "Snickarbacken 4"
|
||||
city: "Stockholm"
|
||||
country: "Sweden"
|
||||
link: "http://cac-cardacademy.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=42&Itemid=69"
|
||||
---
|
|
@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-04-07
|
||||
title: "Inside Bitcoins NYC"
|
||||
venue: "Javits Convention Center"
|
||||
address: "655 West 34th Street"
|
||||
city: "New York, NY"
|
||||
country: "United States"
|
||||
link: "http://www.mediabistro.com/insidebitcoins/new-york/?c=bcoinnybcorg"
|
||||
---
|
|
@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-04-11
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin Expo 2014"
|
||||
venue: "Metro Toronto Convention Centre"
|
||||
address: "255 Front St W"
|
||||
city: "Toronto, ON"
|
||||
country: "Canada"
|
||||
link: "http://www.bitcoinexpo.ca/"
|
||||
---
|
|
@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-04-23
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin Conference Russia"
|
||||
venue: "Business club Cabinet Lounge"
|
||||
address: "No. 6 Novaya Ploshad, 109012"
|
||||
city: "Moscow"
|
||||
country: "Russia"
|
||||
link: "http://bitcoinconf.ru/ru"
|
||||
---
|
|
@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-05-10
|
||||
title: "Global Bitcoin Summit 2014"
|
||||
venue: "China National Convention Center"
|
||||
address: "No.7 Tianchen East Road"
|
||||
city: "Beijing"
|
||||
country: "China"
|
||||
link: "http://www.globalbtcsummit.com/en/"
|
||||
---
|
|
@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-05-15
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin Foundation Bitcoin 2014"
|
||||
venue: "Passenger Terminal"
|
||||
address: "Piet Heinkade 271019 BR"
|
||||
city: "Amsterdam"
|
||||
country: "Netherlands"
|
||||
link: "http://www.bitcoin2014.com/"
|
||||
---
|
|
@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-05-27
|
||||
title: "Digital Money 2014"
|
||||
venue: "Hilton London Canary Wharf"
|
||||
address: "South Quay, Marsh Wall"
|
||||
city: "London"
|
||||
country: "England"
|
||||
link: "http://www.digitalmoneysummit.com/"
|
||||
---
|
|
@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-05-31
|
||||
title: "Central Europe Bitcoin Expo"
|
||||
venue: "Austria Center Vienna"
|
||||
address: "Bruno-Kreisky-Platz 1"
|
||||
city: "Vienna"
|
||||
country: "Austria"
|
||||
link: "http://cebexpo.net"
|
||||
---
|
|
@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-06-20
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin in the Beltway"
|
||||
venue: "Marriott Renaissance Downtown"
|
||||
address: "999 9th St NW"
|
||||
city: "Washington, DC"
|
||||
country: "United States"
|
||||
link: "http://www.bitcoinbeltway.com/"
|
||||
---
|
|
@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-06-24
|
||||
title: "Inside Bitcoins Conference & Expo"
|
||||
venue: "Hong Kong SkyCity Marriott Hotel"
|
||||
address: "1 Sky City Road East"
|
||||
city: "Hong Kong"
|
||||
country: "China"
|
||||
link: "http://www.mediabistro.com/insidebitcoins/hong-kong/?c=bcoinhkbcorg"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-07-01
|
||||
title: "WIRED Money"
|
||||
venue: "Level39"
|
||||
address: "One Canada Square"
|
||||
city: "London"
|
||||
country: "England"
|
||||
link: "http://www.wiredevent.co.uk/wired-money-2014"
|
||||
---
|
|
@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-07-03
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin Finance 2014"
|
||||
venue: "The RDS Dublin"
|
||||
address: "Merrion Road, Ballsbridge"
|
||||
city: "Dublin"
|
||||
country: "Ireland"
|
||||
link: "http://www.bitfin.com/"
|
||||
---
|
|
@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-07-09
|
||||
title: "Inside Bitcoins Conference & Expo"
|
||||
venue: "Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre"
|
||||
address: "South Wharf VIC 3006"
|
||||
city: "Melbourne"
|
||||
country: "Australia"
|
||||
link: "http://www.mediabistro.com/insidebitcoins/australia/?c=bcoinausbcorg"
|
||||
---
|
|
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ date: 2014-07-19
|
|||
title: "The Second Annual North American Bitcoin Conference"
|
||||
venue: "Sheraton Hotel & Towers"
|
||||
address: "301 E North Water St, 60611"
|
||||
city: "Chicago"
|
||||
country: "Illinois"
|
||||
city: "Chicago, IL"
|
||||
country: "United States"
|
||||
link: "http://www.btcchicago.com/"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
|
9
_events/2014-07-23-coincongress.md
Normal file
9
_events/2014-07-23-coincongress.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-07-23
|
||||
title: "Coin Congress San Francisco"
|
||||
venue: "Hilton Union Square"
|
||||
address: "333 O'Farrell Street"
|
||||
city: "San Francisco, CA"
|
||||
country: "USA"
|
||||
link: "http://usa.coincongress.org/"
|
||||
---
|
9
_events/2014-07-24-cryptocon.md
Normal file
9
_events/2014-07-24-cryptocon.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-07-24
|
||||
title: "Cryptocon Sydney"
|
||||
venue: "Parkroyal Darling Harbour"
|
||||
address: "150 Day St"
|
||||
city: "Sydney"
|
||||
country: "Autralia"
|
||||
link: "http://www.cryptocon.net/"
|
||||
---
|
9
_events/2014-07-28-cryptocon.md
Normal file
9
_events/2014-07-28-cryptocon.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-07-28
|
||||
title: "Cryptocon Singapore"
|
||||
venue: "Rendezvous Hotel"
|
||||
address: "9 Bras Basah Road"
|
||||
city: "Singapore"
|
||||
country: "Singapore"
|
||||
link: "http://www.cryptocon.net/"
|
||||
---
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-07-28
|
||||
title: "2014 Tel Aviv Bitcoin Conference"
|
||||
title: "Inside Bitcoins Conference & Expo"
|
||||
venue: "Hilton Tel Aviv Hotel"
|
||||
address: "205 Ha-Yarkon St."
|
||||
city: "Tel Aviv"
|
||||
|
|
9
_events/2014-07-29-americanbankers.md
Normal file
9
_events/2014-07-29-americanbankers.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-07-29
|
||||
title: "American Banker Digital Currencies Conference"
|
||||
venue: "Convene"
|
||||
address: "730 Third Ave"
|
||||
city: "New York, NY"
|
||||
country: "United States"
|
||||
link: "http://www.americanbanker.com/conferences/digitalcurrencies/"
|
||||
---
|
9
_events/2014-08-09-bitcoincryptocurrenciesrussia.md
Normal file
9
_events/2014-08-09-bitcoincryptocurrenciesrussia.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-08-09
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin and Cryptocurrencies: Prospects for Development in Russia"
|
||||
venue: "Zona Deistviya"
|
||||
address: "74 Ligovsky Prospekt"
|
||||
city: "St. Petersburg"
|
||||
country: "Russia"
|
||||
link: "https://www.eventbrite.com/e/bitcoin-and-cryptocurrencies-in-russia-prospects-for-development-registration-11525104899"
|
||||
---
|
9
_events/2014-08-15-cryptolina.md
Normal file
9
_events/2014-08-15-cryptolina.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-08-15
|
||||
title: "Cryptolina Bitcoin Conference"
|
||||
venue: "Raleigh Convention Center"
|
||||
address: "500 S Salisbury Street"
|
||||
city: "Raleigh, NC"
|
||||
country: "United States"
|
||||
link: "http://www.cryptolina.com/"
|
||||
---
|
9
_events/2014-09-03-Bitcoinference.md
Normal file
9
_events/2014-09-03-Bitcoinference.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-09-03
|
||||
title: "Bitcoinference Summer 2014"
|
||||
venue: "Amsterdam Science Park"
|
||||
address: "Science Park 123, 1098 XG, Amsterdam"
|
||||
city: "Amsterdam"
|
||||
country: "Netherlands"
|
||||
link: "http://bitcoinference.com/"
|
||||
---
|
9
_events/2014-09-11-bitcoincentral.md
Normal file
9
_events/2014-09-11-bitcoincentral.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-09-11
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin Central & Eastern European Conference"
|
||||
venue: "Best Western Premier Hotel Slon"
|
||||
address: "Slovenska cesta 34"
|
||||
city: "Ljubljana"
|
||||
country: "Slovenia"
|
||||
link: "http://www.bitcoin-conference.eu/index.php"
|
||||
---
|
|
@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ venue: "The Grange"
|
|||
address: "10 Godliman St"
|
||||
city: "London"
|
||||
country: "England"
|
||||
link: "http://insidebitcoins.co.uk/"
|
||||
link: "http://insidebitcoins.co.uk/?c=bcoinlonbcorg"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
|
9
_events/2014-09-19-bitcoinexpo2014.md
Normal file
9
_events/2014-09-19-bitcoinexpo2014.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-09-19
|
||||
title: "BitcoinExpo China 2014"
|
||||
venue: "Lake Meilan International Convention Center Hotel"
|
||||
address: "888 Luofen Road, Baoshan"
|
||||
city: "Shanghai"
|
||||
country: "China"
|
||||
link: "http://bitcoinexpo2014.com/"
|
||||
---
|
9
_events/2014-09-26-bitcoinconferencekiev.md
Normal file
9
_events/2014-09-26-bitcoinconferencekiev.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-09-26
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin Conference Kiev 2014"
|
||||
venue: "Kiev Loft"
|
||||
address: "Degtiarivska, 5"
|
||||
city: "Kiev"
|
||||
country: "Ukraine"
|
||||
link: "http://bitcoinconf.com.ua/en/"
|
||||
---
|
9
_events/2014-10-16-BTC2B.md
Normal file
9
_events/2014-10-16-BTC2B.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-10-16
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin 2 Business Congress"
|
||||
venue: "B19 Business Club"
|
||||
address: "19 Avenue Van Bever"
|
||||
city: "Brussels"
|
||||
country: "Belgium"
|
||||
link: "http://btc2b.com/"
|
||||
---
|
9
_events/2014-11-29-bitcoinsouth.md
Normal file
9
_events/2014-11-29-bitcoinsouth.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-11-29
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin-South 2014"
|
||||
venue: "Millennium hotel"
|
||||
address: "32 Frankton Rd"
|
||||
city: "Queenstown"
|
||||
country: "New Zealand"
|
||||
link: "http://bitcoinsouth.co"
|
||||
---
|
9
_events/2014-12-05-dubaibitcoinconference.md
Normal file
9
_events/2014-12-05-dubaibitcoinconference.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
date: 2014-12-05
|
||||
title: "Dubai Bitcoin Conference"
|
||||
venue: "Dubai International Financial Center"
|
||||
address: "Dubai International Financial Center"
|
||||
city: "Dubai"
|
||||
country: "United Arab Emirates"
|
||||
link: "http://dubaibitcoinconference.com/"
|
||||
---
|
45
_includes/example_intro.md
Normal file
45
_includes/example_intro.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
|
|||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
The following guide aims to provide examples to help you start
|
||||
building Bitcoin-based applications. To make the best use of this document,
|
||||
you may want to install the current version of Bitcoin Core, either from
|
||||
[source][core git] or from a [pre-compiled executable][core executable].
|
||||
|
||||
Once installed, you'll have access to three programs: `bitcoind`,
|
||||
`bitcoin-qt`, and `bitcoin-cli`.
|
||||
|
||||
* `bitcoin-qt` provides a combination full Bitcoin peer and wallet
|
||||
frontend. From the Help menu, you can access a console where you can
|
||||
enter the RPC commands used throughout this document.
|
||||
|
||||
* `bitcoind` is more useful for programming: it provides a full peer
|
||||
which you can interact with through RPCs to port 8332 (or 18332
|
||||
for testnet).
|
||||
|
||||
* `bitcoin-cli` allows you to send RPC commands to `bitcoind` from the
|
||||
command line. For example, `bitcoin-cli help`
|
||||
|
||||
All three programs get settings from `bitcoin.conf` in the `Bitcoin`
|
||||
application directory:
|
||||
|
||||
* Windows: `%APPDATA%\Bitcoin\`
|
||||
|
||||
* OSX: `$HOME/Library/Application Support/Bitcoin/`
|
||||
|
||||
* Linux: `$HOME/.bitcoin/`
|
||||
|
||||
For development, it's safer and cheaper to use Bitcoin's test network (testnet)
|
||||
or regression test mode (regtest) described below.
|
||||
|
||||
Questions about Bitcoin development are best sent to the Bitcoin [Forum][forum
|
||||
tech support] and [IRC channels][]. Errors or suggestions related to
|
||||
documentation on Bitcoin.org can be [submitted as an issue][docs issue]
|
||||
or posted to the [bitcoin-documentation mailing list][].
|
||||
|
||||
In the following documentation, some strings have been shortened or wrapped: "[...]"
|
||||
indicates extra data was removed, and lines ending in a single backslash "\\"
|
||||
are continued below. If you hover your mouse over a paragraph, cross-reference
|
||||
links will be shown in blue. If you hover over a cross-reference link, a brief
|
||||
definition of the term will be displayed in a tooltip.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
459
_includes/example_payment_processing.md
Normal file
459
_includes/example_payment_processing.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,459 @@
|
|||
## Payment Processing
|
||||
|
||||
### Payment Protocol
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
To request payment using the payment protocol, you use an extended (but
|
||||
backwards-compatible) `bitcoin:` URI. For example:
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
bitcoin:mjSk1Ny9spzU2fouzYgLqGUD8U41iR35QN\
|
||||
?amount=0.10\
|
||||
&label=Example+Merchant\
|
||||
&message=Order+of+flowers+%26+chocolates\
|
||||
&r=https://example.com/pay.php/invoice%3Dda39a3ee
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
The browser, QR code reader, or other program processing the URI opens
|
||||
the spender's Bitcoin wallet program on the URI. If the wallet program is
|
||||
aware of the payment protocol, it accesses the URL specified in the `r`
|
||||
parameter, which should provide it with a serialized PaymentRequest
|
||||
served with the [MIME][] type `application/bitcoin-paymentrequest`<!--noref-->.
|
||||
|
||||
**Resource:** Gavin Andresen's [Payment Request Generator][] generates
|
||||
custom example URIs and payment requests for use with testnet.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
#### PaymentRequest & PaymentDetails
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
The [PaymentRequest][]{:#term-paymentrequest}{:.term} is created with data structures built using
|
||||
Google's Protocol Buffers. BIP70 describes these data
|
||||
structures in the non-sequential way they're defined in the payment
|
||||
request protocol buffer code, but the text below will describe them in
|
||||
a more linear order using a simple (but functional) Python CGI
|
||||
program. (For brevity and clarity, many normal CGI best practices are
|
||||
not used in this program.)
|
||||
|
||||
The full sequence of events is illustrated below, starting with the
|
||||
spender clicking a `bitcoin:` URI or scanning a `bitcoin:` QR code.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
For the script to use the protocol buffer, you will need a copy of
|
||||
Google's Protocol Buffer compiler (`protoc`), which is available in most
|
||||
modern Linux package managers and [directly from Google.][protobuf] Non-Google
|
||||
protocol buffer compilers are available for a variety of
|
||||
programming languages. You will also need a copy of the PaymentRequest
|
||||
[Protocol Buffer description][core paymentrequest.proto] from the Bitcoin Core source code.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
##### Initialization Code
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
With the Python code generated by `protoc`, we can start our simple
|
||||
CGI program.
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
#!/usr/bin/env python
|
||||
|
||||
## This is the code generated by protoc --python_out=./ paymentrequest.proto
|
||||
from paymentrequest_pb2 import *
|
||||
|
||||
## Load some functions
|
||||
from time import time
|
||||
from sys import stdout
|
||||
from OpenSSL.crypto import FILETYPE_PEM, load_privatekey, sign
|
||||
|
||||
## Copy three of the classes created by protoc into objects we can use
|
||||
details = PaymentDetails()
|
||||
request = PaymentRequest()
|
||||
x509 = X509Certificates()
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
The startup code above is quite simple, requiring nothing but the epoch
|
||||
(Unix date) time function, the standard out file descriptor, a few
|
||||
functions from the OpenSSL library, and the data structures and
|
||||
functions created by `protoc`.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
##### Configuration Code
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Next, we'll set configuration settings which will typically only change
|
||||
when the receiver wants to do something differently. The code pushes a
|
||||
few settings into the `request` (PaymentRequest) and `details`
|
||||
(PaymentDetails) objects. When we serialize them,
|
||||
[PaymentDetails][]{:#term-paymentdetails}{:.term} will be contained
|
||||
within the PaymentRequest.
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
## SSL Signature method
|
||||
request.pki_type = "x509+sha256" ## Default: none
|
||||
|
||||
## Mainnet or Testnet?
|
||||
details.network = "test" ## Default: main
|
||||
|
||||
## Postback URL
|
||||
details.payment_url = "https://example.com/pay.py"
|
||||
|
||||
## PaymentDetails version number
|
||||
request.payment_details_version = 1 ## Default: 1
|
||||
|
||||
## Certificate chain
|
||||
x509.certificate.append(file("/etc/apache2/example.com-cert.der", "r").read())
|
||||
#x509.certificate.append(file("/some/intermediate/cert.der", "r").read())
|
||||
|
||||
## Load private SSL key into memory for signing later
|
||||
priv_key = "/etc/apache2/example.com-key.pem"
|
||||
pw = "test" ## Key password
|
||||
private_key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, file(priv_key, "r").read(), pw)
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
Each line is described below.
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
request.pki_type = "x509+sha256" ## Default: none
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
`pki_type`: (optional) tell the receiving wallet program what [Public-Key
|
||||
Infrastructure][PKI]{:#term-pki}{:.term} (PKI) type you're using to
|
||||
cryptographically sign your PaymentRequest so that it can't be modified
|
||||
by a man-in-the-middle attack.
|
||||
|
||||
If you don't want to sign the PaymentRequest, you can choose a
|
||||
[`pki_type`][pp pki type]{:#term-pp-pki-type}{:.term} of `none`
|
||||
(the default).
|
||||
|
||||
If you do choose the sign the PaymentRequest, you currently have two
|
||||
options defined by BIP70: `x509+sha1` and `x509+sha256`. Both options
|
||||
use the X.509 certificate system, the same system used for HTTP Secure
|
||||
(HTTPS). To use either option, you will need a certificate signed by a
|
||||
certificate authority or one of their intermediaries. (A self-signed
|
||||
certificate will not work.)
|
||||
|
||||
Each wallet program may choose which certificate authorities to trust,
|
||||
but it's likely that they'll trust whatever certificate authorities their
|
||||
operating system trusts. If the wallet program doesn't have a full
|
||||
operating system, as might be the case for small hardware wallets, BIP70
|
||||
suggests they use the [Mozilla Root Certificate Store][mozrootstore]. In
|
||||
general, if a certificate works in your web browser when you connect to
|
||||
your webserver, it will work for your PaymentRequests.
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
details.network = "test" ## Default: main
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
`network`:<!--noref--> (optional) tell the spender's wallet program what Bitcoin network you're
|
||||
using; BIP70 defines "main" for mainnet (actual payments) and "test" for
|
||||
testnet (like mainnet, but fake satoshis are used). If the wallet
|
||||
program doesn't run on the network you indicate, it will reject the
|
||||
PaymentRequest.
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
details.payment_url = "https://example.com/pay.py"
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
`payment_url`: (required) tell the spender's wallet program where to send the Payment
|
||||
message (described later). This can be a static URL, as in this example,
|
||||
or a variable URL such as `https://example.com/pay.py?invoice=123.`
|
||||
It should usually be an HTTPS address to prevent man-in-the-middle
|
||||
attacks from modifying the message.
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
request.payment_details_version = 1 ## Default: 1
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
`payment_details_version`: (optional) tell the spender's wallet program what version of the
|
||||
PaymentDetails you're using. As of this writing, the only version is
|
||||
version 1.
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
## This is the pubkey/certificate corresponding to the private SSL key
|
||||
## that we'll use to sign:
|
||||
x509.certificate.append(file("/etc/apache2/example.com-cert.der", "r").read())
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
`x509certificates`:<!--noref--> (required for signed PaymentRequests) you must
|
||||
provide the public SSL key/certificate corresponding to the private SSL
|
||||
key you'll use to sign the PaymentRequest. The certificate must be in
|
||||
ASN.1/DER format.
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
## If the pubkey/cert above didn't have the signature of a root
|
||||
## certificate authority, we'd then append the intermediate certificate
|
||||
## which signed it:
|
||||
#x509.certificate.append(file("/some/intermediate/cert.der", "r").read())
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
You must also provide any intermediate certificates necessary to link
|
||||
your certificate to the root certificate of a certificate authority
|
||||
trusted by the spender's software, such as a certificate from the
|
||||
Mozilla root store.
|
||||
|
||||
The certificates must be provided in a specific order---the same order
|
||||
used by Apache's `SSLCertificateFile` directive and other server
|
||||
software. The figure below shows the [certificate chain][]{:#term-certificate-chain}{:.term} of the
|
||||
www.bitcoin.org X.509 certificate and how each certificate (except the
|
||||
root certificate) would be loaded into the [X509Certificates][]{:#term-x509certificates}{:.term} protocol
|
||||
buffer message.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
To be specific, the first certificate provided must be the
|
||||
X.509 certificate corresponding to the private SSL key which will make the
|
||||
signature<!--noref-->, called the [leaf certificate][]{:#term-leaf-certificate}{:.term}. Any [intermediate
|
||||
certificates][intermediate certificate]{:#term-intermediate-certificate}{:.term} necessary to link that signed public SSL
|
||||
key to the [root
|
||||
certificate][]{:#term-root-certificate}{:.term} (the certificate authority) are attached separately, with each
|
||||
certificate in DER format bearing the signature<!--noref--> of the certificate that
|
||||
follows it all the way to (but not including) the root certificate.
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
priv_key = "/etc/apache2/example.com-key.pem"
|
||||
pw = "test" ## Key password
|
||||
private_key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, file(priv_key, "r").read(), pw)
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
(Required for signed PaymentRequests) you will need a private SSL key in
|
||||
a format your SSL library supports (DER format is not required). In this
|
||||
program, we'll load it from a PEM file. (Embedding your passphrase in
|
||||
your CGI code, as done here, is obviously a bad idea in real life.)
|
||||
|
||||
The private SSL key will not be transmitted with your request. We're
|
||||
only loading it into memory here so we can use it to sign the request
|
||||
later.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
##### Code Variables
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Now let's look at the variables your CGI program will likely set for
|
||||
each payment.
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
## Amount of the request
|
||||
amount = 10000000 ## In satoshis
|
||||
|
||||
## P2PKH pubkey hash
|
||||
pubkey_hash = "2b14950b8d31620c6cc923c5408a701b1ec0a020"
|
||||
## P2PKH output script entered as hex and converted to binary
|
||||
# OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <push 20 bytes> <pubKey hash> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG
|
||||
# 76 a9 14 <pubKey hash> 88 ac
|
||||
hex_script = "76" + "a9" + "14" + pubkey_hash + "88" + "ac"
|
||||
serialized_script = hex_script.decode("hex")
|
||||
|
||||
## Load amount and script into PaymentDetails
|
||||
details.outputs.add(amount = amount, script = serialized_script)
|
||||
|
||||
## Memo to display to the spender
|
||||
details.memo = "Flowers & chocolates"
|
||||
|
||||
## Data which should be returned to you with the payment
|
||||
details.merchant_data = "Invoice #123"
|
||||
{% endhighlight python %}
|
||||
|
||||
Each line is described below.
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
amount = 10000000 ## In satoshis (=100 mBTC)
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
`amount`: (optional) the [amount][pp amount]{:#term-pp-amount}{:.term} you want the spender to pay. You'll probably get
|
||||
this value from your shopping cart application or fiat-to-BTC exchange
|
||||
rate conversion tool. If you leave the amount blank, the wallet
|
||||
program will prompt the spender how much to pay (which can be useful
|
||||
for donations).
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
pubkey_hash = "2b14950b8d31620c6cc923c5408a701b1ec0a020"
|
||||
# OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <push 20 bytes> <pubKey hash> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG
|
||||
# 76 a9 14 <pubKey hash> 88 ac
|
||||
hex_script = "76" + "a9" + "14" + pubkey_hash + "88" + "ac"
|
||||
serialized_script = hex_script.decode("hex")
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
`script`: (required) You must specify the output script you want the spender to
|
||||
pay---any valid script is acceptable. In this example, we'll request
|
||||
payment to a P2PKH output script.
|
||||
|
||||
First we get a pubkey hash. The hash above is the hash form of the
|
||||
address used in the URI examples throughout this section,
|
||||
mjSk1Ny9spzU2fouzYgLqGUD8U41iR35QN.
|
||||
|
||||
Next, we plug that hash into the standard P2PKH output script using hex,
|
||||
as illustrated by the code comments.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, we convert the output script from hex into its serialized form.
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
details.outputs.add(amount = amount, script = serialized_script)
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
`outputs`:<!--noref--> (required) add the output script and (optional) amount to the
|
||||
PaymentDetails outputs<!--noref--> array.
|
||||
|
||||
It's possible to specify multiple [`scripts`][pp
|
||||
script]{:#term-pp-script}{:.term} and `amounts` as part of a merge
|
||||
avoidance strategy, described later in the [Merge Avoidance
|
||||
subsection][]. However, effective merge avoidance is not possible under
|
||||
the base BIP70 rules in which the spender pays each `script` the exact
|
||||
amount specified by its paired `amount`. If the amounts are omitted from
|
||||
all `amount`/`script` pairs, the spender will be prompted to choose an
|
||||
amount to pay.
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
details.memo = "Flowers & chocolates"
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
`memo`: (optional) add a memo which will be displayed to the spender as
|
||||
plain UTF-8 text. Embedded HTML or other markup will not be processed.
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
details.merchant_data = "Invoice #123"
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
`merchant_data`: (optional) add arbitrary data which should be sent back to the
|
||||
receiver when the invoice is paid. You can use this to track your
|
||||
invoices, although you can more reliably track payments by generating a
|
||||
unique address for each payment and then tracking when it gets paid.
|
||||
|
||||
The [`memo`][pp memo]{:#term-pp-memo}{:.term} field and the [`merchant_data`][pp merchant data]{:#term-pp-merchant-data}{:.term} field can be arbitrarily long,
|
||||
but if you make them too long, you'll run into the 50,000 byte limit on
|
||||
the entire PaymentRequest, which includes the often several kilobytes
|
||||
given over to storing the certificate chain. As will be described in a
|
||||
later subsection, the `memo` field can be used by the spender after
|
||||
payment as part of a cryptographically-proven receipt.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
##### Derivable Data
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Next, let's look at some information your CGI program can
|
||||
automatically derive.
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
## Request creation time
|
||||
details.time = int(time()) ## Current epoch (Unix) time
|
||||
|
||||
## Request expiration time
|
||||
details.expires = int(time()) + 60 * 10 ## 10 minutes from now
|
||||
|
||||
## PaymentDetails is complete; serialize it and store it in PaymentRequest
|
||||
request.serialized_payment_details = details.SerializeToString()
|
||||
|
||||
## Serialized certificate chain
|
||||
request.pki_data = x509.SerializeToString()
|
||||
|
||||
## Initialize signature field so we can sign the full PaymentRequest
|
||||
request.signature = ""
|
||||
|
||||
## Sign PaymentRequest
|
||||
request.signature = sign(private_key, request.SerializeToString(), "sha256")
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
Each line is described below.
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
details.time = int(time()) ## Current epoch (Unix) time
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
`time`: (required) PaymentRequests must indicate when they were created
|
||||
in number of seconds elapsed since 1970-01-01T00:00 UTC (Unix
|
||||
epoch time format).
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
details.expires = int(time()) + 60 * 10 ## 10 minutes from now
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
`expires`: (optional) the PaymentRequest may also set an [`expires`][pp
|
||||
expires]{:#term-pp-expires}{:.term} time after
|
||||
which they're no longer valid. You probably want to give receivers
|
||||
the ability to configure the expiration time delta; here we used the
|
||||
reasonable choice of 10 minutes. If this request is tied to an order
|
||||
total based on a fiat-to-satoshis exchange rate, you probably want to
|
||||
base this on a delta from the time you got the exchange rate.
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
request.serialized_payment_details = details.SerializeToString()
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
`serialized_payment_details`: (required) we've now set everything we need to create the
|
||||
PaymentDetails, so we'll use the SerializeToString function from the
|
||||
protocol buffer code to store the PaymentDetails in the appropriate
|
||||
field of the PaymentRequest.
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
request.pki_data = x509.SerializeToString()
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
`pki_data`: (required for signed PaymentRequests) serialize the certificate chain
|
||||
[PKI data][pp PKI data]{:#term-pp-pki-data}{:.term} and store it in the
|
||||
PaymentRequest
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
request.signature = ""
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
We've filled out everything in the PaymentRequest except the signature,
|
||||
but before we sign it, we have to initialize the signature field by
|
||||
setting it to a zero-byte placeholder.
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
request.signature = sign(private_key, request.SerializeToString(), "sha256")
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
`signature`:<!--noref--> (required for signed PaymentRequests) now we
|
||||
make the [signature][ssl signature]{:#term-ssl-signature}{:.term} by
|
||||
signing the completed and serialized PaymentRequest. We'll use the
|
||||
private key we stored in memory in the configuration section and the
|
||||
same hashing formula we specified in `pki_type` (sha256 in this case)
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
##### Output Code
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Now that we have PaymentRequest all filled out, we can serialize it and
|
||||
send it along with the HTTP headers, as shown in the code below.
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
print "Content-Type: application/bitcoin-paymentrequest"
|
||||
print "Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary"
|
||||
print ""
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
(Required) BIP71 defines the content types for PaymentRequests,
|
||||
Payments, and PaymentACKs.
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight python %}
|
||||
file.write(stdout, request.SerializeToString())
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
`request`: (required) now, to finish, we just dump out the serialized
|
||||
PaymentRequest (which contains the serialized PaymentDetails). The
|
||||
serialized data is in binary, so we can't use Python's print()
|
||||
because it would add an extraneous newline.
|
||||
|
||||
The following screenshot shows how the authenticated PaymentDetails
|
||||
created by the program above appears in the GUI from Bitcoin Core 0.9.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
91
_includes/example_testing.md
Normal file
91
_includes/example_testing.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
|
|||
## Testing Applications
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Bitcoin Core provides testing tools designed to let developers
|
||||
test their applications with reduced risks and limitations.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Testnet
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
When run with no arguments, all Bitcoin Core programs default to Bitcoin's main
|
||||
network ([mainnet][mainnet]{:#term-mainnet}{:.term}). However, for development,
|
||||
it's safer and cheaper to use Bitcoin's test network (testnet)
|
||||
where the satoshis spent have no real-world value. Testnet also relaxes some
|
||||
restrictions (such as standard transaction checks) so you can test functions
|
||||
which might currently be disabled by default on mainnet.
|
||||
|
||||
To use testnet, use the argument `-testnet`<!--noref--> with `bitcoin-cli`, `bitcoind` or `bitcoin-qt` or add
|
||||
`testnet=1`<!--noref--> to your `bitcoin.conf` file. To get
|
||||
free satoshis for testing, use [Piotr Piasecki's testnet faucet][].
|
||||
Testnet is a public resource provided for free by members of the
|
||||
community, so please don't abuse it.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Regtest Mode
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
For situations
|
||||
where interaction with random peers and blocks is unnecessary or
|
||||
unwanted, Bitcoin Core's regression test mode (regtest mode) lets you
|
||||
instantly create a brand-new private block chain with the same basic
|
||||
rules as testnet---but one major difference: you choose when to create
|
||||
new blocks, so you have complete control over the environment.
|
||||
|
||||
Many developers consider regtest mode the preferred way to develop new
|
||||
applications. The following example will let you create a regtest
|
||||
environment.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight bash %}
|
||||
> bitcoind -regtest -daemon
|
||||
Bitcoin server starting
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Start `bitcoind` in regtest mode to create a private block chain.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
bitcoin-cli -regtest setgenerate true 101
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Generate 101 blocks using a special version of the `setgenerate` RPC
|
||||
which is only available in regtest mode. This takes about 30 seconds on
|
||||
a generic PC. Because this is a new block chain using Bitcoin's default
|
||||
rules, the first 210,000 blocks pay a block reward of 50 bitcoins.
|
||||
However, a block must have 100 confirmations before that reward can be
|
||||
spent, so we generate 101 blocks to get access to the coinbase
|
||||
transaction from block #1.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight bash %}
|
||||
bitcoin-cli -regtest getbalance
|
||||
50.00000000
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Verify that we now have 50 bitcoins available to spend.
|
||||
|
||||
You can now use Bitcoin Core RPCs prefixed with `bitcoin-cli -regtest`<!--noref-->.
|
||||
|
||||
Regtest wallets and block chain state (chainstate) are saved in the `regtest`<!--noref-->
|
||||
subdirectory of the Bitcoin Core configuration directory. You can safely
|
||||
delete the `regtest`<!--noref--> subdirectory and restart Bitcoin Core to
|
||||
start a new regtest. (See the [Developer Examples Introduction][devexamples] for default
|
||||
configuration directory locations on various operating systems. Always back up
|
||||
mainnet wallets before performing dangerous operations such as deleting.)
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
1228
_includes/example_transactions.md
Normal file
1228
_includes/example_transactions.md
Normal file
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
7
_includes/fragment_reviews_needed.md
Normal file
7
_includes/fragment_reviews_needed.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
|
|||
<!--Temporary disclaimer BEGIN-->
|
||||
<div id="develdocdisclaimer" class="develdocdisclaimer"><div>
|
||||
<b>BETA</b>: This documentation has been written recently and still needs more reviews to ensure all content is covered correctly and accurately; if you find a mistake, please <a href="https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org/issues/new" onmouseover="updateIssue(event);">report an issue</a> on GitHub. <a href="#" onclick="disclaimerClose(event);">Click here</a> to close this disclaimer.
|
||||
<a class="develdocdisclaimerclose" href="#" onclick="disclaimerClose(event);">X</a>
|
||||
</div></div>
|
||||
<script>disclaimerAutoClose();</script>
|
||||
<!--Temporary disclaimer END-->
|
242
_includes/guide_block_chain.md
Normal file
242
_includes/guide_block_chain.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
|
|||
## Block Chain
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
The block chain provides Bitcoin's public ledger, a timestamped record
|
||||
of all confirmed transactions. This system is used to protect against double spending
|
||||
and modification of previous transaction records, using proof of
|
||||
work verified by the peer-to-peer network to maintain a global consensus.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Block Chain Overview
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
The illustration above shows a simplified version of a block chain.
|
||||
A [block][]{:#term-block}{:.term} of one or more new transactions
|
||||
is collected into the transaction data part of a block.
|
||||
Copies of each transaction are hashed, and the hashes are then paired,
|
||||
hashed, paired again, and hashed again until a single hash remains, the
|
||||
[Merkle root][]{:#term-merkle-root}{:.term} of a Merkle tree.
|
||||
|
||||
The Merkle root is stored in the block header. Each block also
|
||||
stores the hash of the previous block's header, chaining the blocks
|
||||
together. This ensures a transaction cannot be modified without
|
||||
modifying the block that records it and all following blocks.
|
||||
|
||||
Transactions are also chained together. Bitcoin wallet software gives
|
||||
the impression that satoshis are sent from and to addresses, but
|
||||
bitcoins really move from transaction to transaction. Each standard
|
||||
transaction spends the satoshis previously spent in one or more earlier
|
||||
transactions, so the input of one transaction is the output of a
|
||||
previous transaction.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
A single transaction can spend bitcoins to multiple outputs, as would be
|
||||
the case when sending satoshis to multiple addresses, but each output of
|
||||
a particular transaction can only be used as an input once in the
|
||||
block chain. Any subsequent reference is a forbidden double
|
||||
spend---an attempt to spend the same satoshis twice.
|
||||
|
||||
Outputs are not the same as Bitcoin addresses. You can use the same
|
||||
address in multiple transactions, but you can only use each output once.
|
||||
Outputs are tied to [transaction identifiers (TXIDs)][txid]{:#term-txid}{:.term}, which are the hashes
|
||||
of signed transactions.
|
||||
|
||||
Because each output of a particular transaction can only be spent once,
|
||||
all transactions included in the block chain can be categorized as either
|
||||
[Unspent Transaction Outputs (UTXOs)][utxo]{:#term-utxo}{:.term} or spent transaction outputs. For a
|
||||
payment to be valid, it must only use UTXOs as inputs.
|
||||
|
||||
Satoshis cannot be left in a UTXO after a transaction or they will be
|
||||
irretrievably lost, so any difference between the number of satoshis in a
|
||||
transaction's inputs and outputs is given as a [transaction fee][]{:#term-transaction-fee}{:.term} to
|
||||
the Bitcoin [miner][]{:#term-miner}{:.term} who creates the block containing that transaction.
|
||||
For example, in the illustration above, each transaction spends 10,000 satoshis
|
||||
fewer than it receives from its combined inputs, effectively paying a 10,000
|
||||
satoshi transaction fee.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Proof Of Work
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
The block chain is collaboratively maintained on a peer-to-peer network, so
|
||||
Bitcoin requires each block prove a significant amount of work was invested in
|
||||
its creation to ensure that untrustworthy peers who want to modify past blocks have
|
||||
to work harder than trustworthy peers who only want to add new blocks to the
|
||||
block chain.
|
||||
|
||||
Chaining blocks together makes it impossible to modify transactions included
|
||||
in any block without modifying all following blocks. As a
|
||||
result, the cost to modify a particular block increases with every new block
|
||||
added to the block chain, magnifying the effect of the proof of work.
|
||||
|
||||
The [proof of work][]{:#term-proof-of-work}{:.term} used in Bitcoin
|
||||
takes advantage of the apparently random nature of cryptographic hashes.
|
||||
A good cryptographic hash algorithm converts arbitrary data into a
|
||||
seemingly-random number. If the data is modified in any way and
|
||||
the hash re-run, a new seemingly-random number is produced, so there is
|
||||
no way to modify the data to make the hash number predictable.
|
||||
|
||||
To prove you did some extra work to create a block, you must create a
|
||||
hash of the block header which does not exceed a certain value. For
|
||||
example, if the maximum possible hash value is <span
|
||||
class="math">2<sup>256</sup> − 1</span>, you can prove that you
|
||||
tried up to two combinations by producing a hash value less than <span
|
||||
class="math">2<sup>256</sup> − 1</span>.
|
||||
|
||||
In the example given above, you will almost certainly produce a
|
||||
successful hash on your first try. You can even estimate the probability
|
||||
that a given hash attempt will generate a number below the [target][]{:#term-target}{:.term}
|
||||
threshold. Bitcoin itself does not track probabilities but instead
|
||||
simply assumes that the lower it makes the target threshold, the more
|
||||
hash attempts, on average, will need to be tried.
|
||||
|
||||
New blocks will only be added to the block chain if their hash is at
|
||||
least as challenging as a [difficulty][]{:#term-difficulty}{:.term} value expected by the peer-to-peer
|
||||
network. Every 2,016 blocks, the network uses timestamps stored in each
|
||||
block header to calculate the number of seconds elapsed between generation
|
||||
of the first and last of those last 2,016 blocks. The ideal value is
|
||||
1,209,600 seconds (two weeks).
|
||||
|
||||
* If it took fewer than two weeks to generate the 2,016 blocks,
|
||||
the expected difficulty value is increased proportionally (by as much
|
||||
as 300%) so that the next 2,016 blocks should take exactly two weeks
|
||||
to generate if hashes are checked at the same rate.
|
||||
|
||||
* If it took more than two weeks to generate the blocks, the expected
|
||||
difficulty value is decreased proportionally (by as much as 75%) for
|
||||
the same reason.
|
||||
|
||||
(Note: an off-by-one error in the Bitcoin Core implementation causes the
|
||||
difficulty to be updated every 2,01*6* blocks using timestamps from only
|
||||
2,01*5* blocks, creating a slight skew.)
|
||||
|
||||
Because each block header must hash to a value below the target
|
||||
threshold, and because each block is linked to the block that
|
||||
preceded it, it requires (on average) as much hashing power to
|
||||
propagate a modified block as the entire Bitcoin network expended
|
||||
between the time the original block was created and the present time.
|
||||
Only if you acquired a majority of the network's hashing power
|
||||
could you reliably execute such a [51 percent attack][]{:#term-51-attack}{:.term} against
|
||||
transaction history.
|
||||
|
||||
The block header provides several easy-to-modify fields, such as a
|
||||
dedicated nonce field, so obtaining new hashes doesn't require waiting
|
||||
for new transactions. Also, only the 80-byte block header is hashed for
|
||||
proof-of-work, so adding more bytes of transaction data to
|
||||
a block does not slow down hashing with extra I/O.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Block Height And Forking
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Any Bitcoin miner who successfully hashes a block header to a value
|
||||
below the target threshold can add the entire block to the block chain.
|
||||
(Assuming the block is otherwise valid.) These blocks are commonly addressed
|
||||
by their [block height][]{:#term-block-height}{:.term}---the number of blocks between them and the first Bitcoin
|
||||
block (block 0, most commonly known as the [genesis block]{:#term-genesis-block}{:.term}). For example,
|
||||
block 2016 is where difficulty could have been first adjusted.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
Multiple blocks can all have the same block height, as is common when
|
||||
two or more miners each produce a block at roughly the same time. This
|
||||
creates an apparent [fork][accidental fork]{:#term-accidental-fork}{:.term} in the block chain, as shown in the
|
||||
illustration above.
|
||||
|
||||
When miners produce simultaneous blocks at the end of the block chain, each
|
||||
peer individually chooses which block to trust. (In the absence of
|
||||
other considerations, discussed below, peers usually trust the first
|
||||
block they see.)
|
||||
|
||||
Eventually a miner produces another block which attaches to only one of
|
||||
the competing simultaneously-mined blocks. This makes that side of
|
||||
the fork longer than the other side. Assuming a fork only contains valid
|
||||
blocks, normal peers always follow the longest fork (the most difficult chain
|
||||
to recreate) and throw away ([orphan][]{:#term-orphan}{:.term}) blocks belonging to shorter forks.
|
||||
|
||||
[Long-term forks][long-term fork]{:#term-long-term-fork}{:.term} are possible if different miners work at cross-purposes,
|
||||
such as some miners diligently working to extend the block chain at the
|
||||
same time other miners are attempting a 51 percent attack to revise
|
||||
transaction history.
|
||||
|
||||
Since multiple blocks can have the same height during a block chain fork, block
|
||||
height should not be used as a globally unique identifier. Instead, blocks
|
||||
are usually referenced by the SHA256(SHA256()) hash of their header.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Transaction Data
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Every block must include one or more transactions. The first one of these
|
||||
transactions must be a coinbase transaction which should collect and
|
||||
spend the block reward and any transaction fees paid by transactions included in this block.
|
||||
|
||||
The UTXO of a coinbase transaction has the special condition that
|
||||
it cannot be spent (used as an input) for at least 100 blocks. This temporarily
|
||||
prevents a miner from spending the transaction fees and block reward from a
|
||||
block that may later be orphaned (destroyed) after a block chain fork.
|
||||
|
||||
Blocks are not required to include any non-coinbase transactions, but
|
||||
miners almost always do include additional transactions in order to
|
||||
collect their transaction fees.
|
||||
|
||||
All transactions, including the coinbase transaction, are encoded into
|
||||
blocks in binary rawtransaction format prefixed by a block transaction
|
||||
sequence number.
|
||||
|
||||
The rawtransaction format is hashed to create the transaction
|
||||
identifier (txid). From these txids, the [Merkle tree][]{:#term-merkle-tree}{:.term} is constructed by pairing each
|
||||
txid with one other txid and then hashing them together. If there are
|
||||
an odd number of txids, the txid without a partner is hashed with a
|
||||
copy of itself.
|
||||
|
||||
The resulting hashes themselves are each paired with one other hash and
|
||||
hashed together. Any hash without a partner is hashed with itself. The
|
||||
process repeats until only one hash remains, the Merkle root.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, if transactions were merely joined (not hashed), a
|
||||
five-transaction Merkle tree would look like the following text diagram:
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
ABCDEEEE .......Merkle root
|
||||
/ \
|
||||
ABCD EEEE
|
||||
/ \ /
|
||||
AB CD EE .......E is paired with itself
|
||||
/ \ / \ /
|
||||
A B C D E .........Transactions
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
As discussed in the Simplified Payment Verification (SPV) subsection,
|
||||
the Merkle tree allows clients to verify for
|
||||
themselves that a transaction was included in a block by obtaining the
|
||||
Merkle root from a block header and a list of the intermediate hashes
|
||||
from a full peer. The full peer does not need to be trusted: it is
|
||||
expensive to fake block headers and the intermediate hashes cannot be faked or
|
||||
the verification will fail.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, to verify transaction D was added to the
|
||||
block, an SPV client only needs a copy of the C, AB, and EEEE hashes in addition to the
|
||||
Merkle root; the client doesn't need to know anything about any of the
|
||||
other transactions. If the five transactions in this block were all at
|
||||
the maximum size, downloading the entire block would require over
|
||||
500,000 bytes---but downloading three hashes plus the block header
|
||||
requires only 140 bytes.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
277
_includes/guide_contracts.md
Normal file
277
_includes/guide_contracts.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
|
|||
## Contracts
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Contracts are
|
||||
transactions which use the decentralized Bitcoin system to enforce financial
|
||||
agreements.
|
||||
Bitcoin contracts can often be crafted to minimize dependency on outside
|
||||
agents, such as the court system, which significantly decreases the risk
|
||||
of dealing with unknown entities in financial transactions.
|
||||
|
||||
The following subsections will describe a variety of Bitcoin contracts
|
||||
already in use. Because contracts deal with real people, not just
|
||||
transactions, they are framed below in story format.
|
||||
|
||||
Besides the contract types described below, many other contract types
|
||||
have been proposed. Several of them are collected on the [Contracts
|
||||
page](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Contracts) of the Bitcoin Wiki.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Escrow And Arbitration
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Charlie-the-customer wants to buy a product from Bob-the-businessman,
|
||||
but neither of them trusts the other person, so they use a contract to
|
||||
help ensure Charlie gets his merchandise and Bob gets his payment.
|
||||
|
||||
A simple contract could say that Charlie will spend satoshis to an
|
||||
output which can only be spent if Charlie and Bob both sign the input
|
||||
spending it. That means Bob won't get paid unless Charlie gets his
|
||||
merchandise, but Charlie can't get the merchandise and keep his payment.
|
||||
|
||||
This simple contract isn't much help if there's a dispute, so Bob and
|
||||
Charlie enlist the help of Alice-the-arbitrator to create an [escrow
|
||||
contract][]{:#term-escrow-contract}{:.term}. Charlie spends his satoshis
|
||||
to an output which can only be spent if two of the three people sign the
|
||||
input. Now Charlie can pay Bob if everything is ok, Bob can refund
|
||||
Charlie's money if there's a problem, or Alice can arbitrate and decide
|
||||
who should get the satoshis if there's a dispute.
|
||||
|
||||
To create a multiple-signature ([multisig][]{:#term-multisig}{:.term})
|
||||
output, they each give the others a public key. Then Bob creates the
|
||||
following [P2SH multisig][]{:#term-p2sh-multisig}{:.term} redeemScript:
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
OP_2 [A's pubkey] [B's pubkey] [C's pubkey] OP_3 OP_CHECKMULTISIG
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
(Op codes to push the public keys onto the stack are not shown.)
|
||||
|
||||
`OP_2` and `OP_3` push the actual numbers 2 and 3 onto the
|
||||
stack. `OP_2`
|
||||
specifies that 2 signatures are required to sign; `OP_3` specifies that
|
||||
3 public keys (unhashed) are being provided. This is a 2-of-3 multisig
|
||||
script, more generically called a m-of-n script (where *m* is the
|
||||
*minimum* matching signatures required and *n* in the *number* of public
|
||||
keys provided).
|
||||
|
||||
Bob gives the redeemScript to Charlie, who checks to make sure his
|
||||
public key and Alice's public key are included. Then he hashes the
|
||||
redeemScript, puts it in a P2SH output, and pays the satoshis to it. Bob
|
||||
sees the payment get added to the block chain and ships the merchandise.
|
||||
|
||||
Unfortunately, the merchandise gets slightly damaged in transit. Charlie
|
||||
wants a full refund, but Bob thinks a 10% refund is sufficient. They
|
||||
turn to Alice to resolve the issue. Alice asks for photo evidence from
|
||||
Charlie along with a copy of the unhashed redeemScript Bob created and
|
||||
Charlie checked.
|
||||
|
||||
After looking at the evidence, Alice thinks a 40% refund is sufficient,
|
||||
so she creates and signs a transaction with two outputs, one that spends 60%
|
||||
of the satoshis to Bob's public key and one that spends the remaining
|
||||
40% to Charlie's public key.
|
||||
|
||||
In the input section of the script, Alice puts her signature
|
||||
and a copy of the unhashed serialized redeemScript
|
||||
that Bob created. She gives a copy of the incomplete transaction to
|
||||
both Bob and Charlie. Either one of them can complete it by adding
|
||||
his signature to create the following input
|
||||
script:
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
OP_0 [A's signature] [B's or C's signature] [serialized redeemScript]
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
(Op codes to push the signatures and redeemScript onto the stack are
|
||||
not shown. `OP_0` is a workaround for an off-by-one error in the original
|
||||
implementation which must be preserved for compatibility.)
|
||||
|
||||
When the transaction is broadcast to the network, each peer checks the
|
||||
input script against the P2SH output Charlie previously paid,
|
||||
ensuring that the redeemScript matches the redeemScript hash previously
|
||||
provided. Then the redeemScript is evaluated, with the two signatures
|
||||
being used as input<!--noref--> data. Assuming the redeemScript
|
||||
validates, the two transaction outputs show up in Bob's and Charlie's
|
||||
wallets as spendable balances.
|
||||
|
||||
However, if Alice created and signed a transaction neither of them would
|
||||
agree to, such as spending all the satoshis to herself, Bob and Charlie
|
||||
can find a new arbitrator and sign a transaction spending the satoshis
|
||||
to another 2-of-3 multisig redeemScript hash, this one including a public
|
||||
key from that second arbitrator. This means that Bob and Charlie never
|
||||
need to worry about their arbitrator stealing their money.
|
||||
|
||||
**Resource:** [BitRated](https://www.bitrated.com/) provides a multisig arbitration
|
||||
service interface using HTML/JavaScript on a GNU AGPL-licensed website.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Micropayment Channel
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- SOMEDAY: try to rewrite using a more likely real-world example without
|
||||
making the text or illustration more complicated -->
|
||||
|
||||
Alice also works part-time moderating forum posts for Bob. Every time
|
||||
someone posts to Bob's busy forum, Alice skims the post to make sure it
|
||||
isn't offensive or spam. Alas, Bob often forgets to pay her, so Alice
|
||||
demands to be paid immediately after each post she approves or rejects.
|
||||
Bob says he can't do that because hundreds of small payments will cost
|
||||
him thousands of satoshis in transaction fees, so Alice suggests they use a
|
||||
[micropayment channel][]{:#term-micropayment-channel}{:.term}.
|
||||
|
||||
Bob asks Alice for her public key and then creates two transactions.
|
||||
The first transaction pays 100 millibits to a P2SH output whose
|
||||
2-of-2 multisig redeemScript requires signatures from both Alice and Bob.
|
||||
This is the bond transaction.
|
||||
Broadcasting this transaction would let Alice hold the millibits
|
||||
hostage, so Bob keeps this transaction private for now and creates a
|
||||
second transaction.
|
||||
|
||||
The second transaction spends all of the first transaction's millibits
|
||||
(minus a transaction fee) back to Bob after a 24 hour delay enforced
|
||||
by locktime. This is the refund transaction. Bob can't sign the refund transaction by himself, so he gives
|
||||
it to Alice to sign, as shown in the
|
||||
illustration below.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
Alice checks that the refund transaction's locktime is 24 hours in the
|
||||
future, signs it, and gives a copy of it back to Bob. She then asks Bob
|
||||
for the bond transaction and checks that the refund transaction spends
|
||||
the output of the bond transaction. She can now broadcast the bond
|
||||
transaction to the network to ensure Bob has to wait for the time lock
|
||||
to expire before further spending his millibits. Bob hasn't actually
|
||||
spent anything so far, except possibly a small transaction fee, and
|
||||
he'll be able to broadcast the refund transaction in 24 hours for a
|
||||
full refund.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, when Alice does some work worth 1 millibit, she asks Bob to create
|
||||
and sign a new version of the refund transaction. Version two of the
|
||||
transaction spends 1 millibit to Alice and the other 99 back to Bob; it does
|
||||
not have a locktime, so Alice can sign it and spend it whenever she
|
||||
wants. (But she doesn't do that immediately.)
|
||||
|
||||
Alice and Bob repeat these work-and-pay steps until Alice finishes for
|
||||
the day, or until the time lock is about to expire. Alice signs the
|
||||
final version of the refund transaction and broadcasts it, paying
|
||||
herself and refunding any remaining balance to Bob. The next day, when
|
||||
Alice starts work, they create a new micropayment channel.
|
||||
|
||||
If Alice fails to broadcast a version of the refund transaction before
|
||||
its time lock expires, Bob can broadcast the first version and receive a
|
||||
full refund. This is one reason micropayment channels are best suited to
|
||||
small payments---if Alice's Internet service goes out for a few hours
|
||||
near the time lock expiry, she could be cheated out of her payment.
|
||||
|
||||
Transaction malleability, discussed above in the Transactions section,
|
||||
is another reason to limit the value of micropayment channels.
|
||||
If someone uses transaction malleability to break the link between the
|
||||
two transactions, Alice could hold Bob's 100 millibits hostage even if she
|
||||
hadn't done any work.
|
||||
|
||||
For larger payments, Bitcoin transaction fees are very low as a
|
||||
percentage of the total transaction value, so it makes more sense to
|
||||
protect payments with immediately-broadcast separate transactions.
|
||||
|
||||
**Resource:** The [bitcoinj](http://bitcoinj.org) Java library
|
||||
provides a complete set of micropayment functions, an example
|
||||
implementation, and [a
|
||||
tutorial](https://bitcoinj.github.io/working-with-micropayments)
|
||||
all under an Apache license.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### CoinJoin
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Alice is concerned about her privacy. She knows every transaction gets
|
||||
added to the public block chain, so when Bob and Charlie pay her, they
|
||||
can each easily track those satoshis to learn what Bitcoin
|
||||
addresses she pays, how much she pays them, and possibly how many
|
||||
satoshis she has left.
|
||||
|
||||
Alice isn't a criminal, she just wants plausible deniability about
|
||||
where she has spent her satoshis and how many she has left, so she
|
||||
starts up the Tor anonymity service on her computer and logs into an
|
||||
IRC chatroom as "AnonGirl."
|
||||
|
||||
Also in the chatroom are "Nemo" and "Neminem." They collectively
|
||||
agree to transfer satoshis between each other so no one besides them
|
||||
can reliably determine who controls which satoshis. But they're faced
|
||||
with a dilemma: who transfers their satoshis to one of the other two
|
||||
pseudonymous persons first? The CoinJoin-style contract, shown in the
|
||||
illustration below, makes this decision easy: they create a single
|
||||
transaction which does all of the spending simultaneously, ensuring none
|
||||
of them can steal the others' satoshis.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
Each contributor looks through their collection of Unspent Transaction
|
||||
Outputs (UTXOs) for 100 millibits they can spend. They then each generate
|
||||
a brand new public key and give UTXO details and pubkey hashes to the
|
||||
facilitator. In this case, the facilitator is AnonGirl; she creates
|
||||
a transaction spending each of the UTXOs to three equally-sized outputs.
|
||||
One output goes to each of the contributors' pubkey hashes.
|
||||
|
||||
AnonGirl then signs her inputs using `SIGHASH_ALL` to ensure nobody can
|
||||
change the input or output details. She gives the partially-signed
|
||||
transaction to Nemo who signs his inputs the same way and passes it
|
||||
to Neminem, who also signs it the same way. Neminem then broadcasts
|
||||
the transaction to the peer-to-peer network, mixing all of the millibits in
|
||||
a single transaction.
|
||||
|
||||
As you can see in the illustration, there's no way for anyone besides
|
||||
AnonGirl, Nemo, and Neminem to confidently determine who received
|
||||
which output, so they can each spend their output with plausible
|
||||
deniability.
|
||||
|
||||
Now when Bob or Charlie try to track Alice's transactions through the
|
||||
block chain, they'll also see transactions made by Nemo and
|
||||
Neminem. If Alice does a few more CoinJoins, Bob and Charlie might
|
||||
have to guess which transactions made by dozens or hundreds of people
|
||||
were actually made by Alice.
|
||||
|
||||
The complete history of Alice's satoshis is still in the block chain,
|
||||
so a determined investigator could talk to the people AnonGirl
|
||||
CoinJoined with to find out the ultimate origin of her satoshis and
|
||||
possibly reveal AnonGirl as Alice. But against anyone casually browsing
|
||||
block chain history, Alice gains plausible deniability.
|
||||
|
||||
The CoinJoin technique described above costs the participants a small
|
||||
amount of satoshis to pay the transaction fee. An alternative
|
||||
technique, purchaser CoinJoin, can actually save them satoshis and
|
||||
improve their privacy at the same time.
|
||||
|
||||
AnonGirl waits in the IRC chatroom until she wants to make a purchase.
|
||||
She announces her intention to spend satoshis and waits until someone
|
||||
else wants to make a purchase, likely from a different merchant. Then
|
||||
they combine their inputs the same way as before but set the outputs
|
||||
to the separate merchant addresses so nobody will be able to figure
|
||||
out solely from block chain history which one of them bought what from
|
||||
the merchants.
|
||||
|
||||
Since they would've had to pay a transaction fee to make their purchases
|
||||
anyway, AnonGirl and her co-spenders don't pay anything extra---but
|
||||
because they reduced overhead by combining multiple transactions, saving
|
||||
bytes, they may be able to pay a smaller aggregate transaction fee,
|
||||
saving each one of them a tiny amount of satoshis.
|
||||
|
||||
**Resource:** An alpha-quality (as of this writing) implementation of decentralized
|
||||
CoinJoin is [CoinMux](http://coinmux.com/), available under the Apache
|
||||
license.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
19
_includes/guide_intro.md
Normal file
19
_includes/guide_intro.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
|
|||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
The Developer Guide aims to provide the information you need to understand
|
||||
Bitcoin and start building Bitcoin-based applications. To make the best use of
|
||||
this documentation, you may want to install the current version of Bitcoin
|
||||
Core, either from [source][core git] or from a [pre-compiled executable][core executable].
|
||||
|
||||
Questions about Bitcoin development are best sent to the Bitcoin [Forum][forum
|
||||
tech support] and [IRC channels][]. Errors or suggestions related to
|
||||
documentation on Bitcoin.org can be [submitted as an issue][docs issue]
|
||||
or posted to the [bitcoin-documentation mailing list][].
|
||||
|
||||
In the following documentation, some strings have been shortened or wrapped: "[...]"
|
||||
indicates extra data was removed, and lines ending in a single backslash "\\"
|
||||
are continued below. If you hover your mouse over a paragraph, cross-reference
|
||||
links will be shown in blue. If you hover over a cross-reference link, a brief
|
||||
definition of the term will be displayed in a tooltip.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
202
_includes/guide_mining.md
Normal file
202
_includes/guide_mining.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
|
|||
## Mining
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Mining adds new blocks to the block chain, making transaction history
|
||||
hard to modify. Mining today takes on two forms:
|
||||
|
||||
* Solo mining, where the miner attempts to generate new blocks on his
|
||||
own, with the proceeds from the block reward and transaction fees
|
||||
going entirely to himself, allowing him to receive large payments with
|
||||
a higher variance (longer time between payments)
|
||||
|
||||
* Pooled mining, where the miner pools resources with other miners to
|
||||
find blocks more often, with the proceeds being shared among the pool
|
||||
miners in rough correlation to the amount of hashing power
|
||||
they each contributed, allowing the miner to receive small
|
||||
payments with a lower variance (shorter time between payments).
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Solo Mining
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
As illustrated below, solo miners typically use `bitcoind` to get new
|
||||
transactions from the network. Their mining software periodically polls
|
||||
`bitcoind` for new transactions using the `getblocktemplate` RPC, which
|
||||
provides the list of new transactions plus the public key to which the
|
||||
coinbase transaction should be sent.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
The mining software constructs a block using the template (described below) and creates a
|
||||
block header. It then sends the 80-byte block header to its mining
|
||||
hardware (an ASIC) along with a target threshold (difficulty setting).
|
||||
The mining hardware iterates through every possible value for the block
|
||||
header nonce and generates the corresponding hash.
|
||||
|
||||
If none of the hashes are below the threshold, the mining hardware gets
|
||||
an updated block header with a new Merkle root from the mining software;
|
||||
this new block header is created by adding extra nonce data to the
|
||||
coinbase field of the coinbase transaction.
|
||||
|
||||
On the other hand, if a hash is found below the target threshold, the
|
||||
mining hardware returns the block header with the successful nonce to
|
||||
the mining software. The mining software combines the header with the
|
||||
block and sends the completed block to `bitcoind` to be broadcast to the network for addition to the
|
||||
block chain.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Pool Mining
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Pool miners follow a similar workflow, illustrated below, which allows
|
||||
mining pool operators to pay miners based on their share of the work
|
||||
done. The mining pool gets new transactions from the network using
|
||||
`bitcoind`. Using one of the methods discussed later, each miner's mining
|
||||
software connects to the pool and requests the information it needs to
|
||||
construct block headers.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
In pooled mining, the mining pool sets the target threshold a few orders
|
||||
of magnitude higher (less difficult) than the network
|
||||
difficulty. This causes the mining hardware to return many block headers
|
||||
which don't hash to a value eligible for inclusion on the block chain
|
||||
but which do hash below the pool's target, proving (on average) that the
|
||||
miner checked a percentage of the possible hash values.
|
||||
|
||||
The miner then sends to the pool a copy of the information the pool
|
||||
needs to validate that the header will hash below the target and that
|
||||
the the block of transactions referred to by the header Merkle root field
|
||||
is valid for the pool's purposes. (This usually means that the coinbase
|
||||
transaction must pay the pool.)
|
||||
|
||||
The information the miner sends to the pool is called a share because it
|
||||
proves the miner did a share of the work. By chance, some shares the
|
||||
pool receives will also be below the network target---the mining pool
|
||||
sends these to the network to be added to the block chain.
|
||||
|
||||
The block reward and transaction fees that come from mining that block
|
||||
are paid to the mining pool. The mining pool pays out a portion of
|
||||
these proceeds to individual miners based on how many shares they generated. For
|
||||
example, if the mining pool's target threshold is 100 times lower than
|
||||
the network target threshold, 100 shares will need to be generated on
|
||||
average to create a successful block, so the mining pool can pay 1/100th
|
||||
of its payout for each share received. Different mining pools use
|
||||
different reward distribution systems based on this basic share system.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Block Prototypes
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
In both solo and pool mining, the mining software needs to get the
|
||||
information necessary to construct block headers. This subsection
|
||||
describes, in a linear way, how that information is transmitted and
|
||||
used. However, in actual implementations, parallel threads and queuing
|
||||
are used to keep ASIC hashers working at maximum capacity,
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
#### getwork RPC
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
The simplest and earliest method was the now-deprecated Bitcoin Core
|
||||
`getwork` RPC, which constructs a header for the miner directly. Since a
|
||||
header only contains a single 4-byte nonce good for about 4 gigahashes,
|
||||
many modern miners need to make dozens or hundreds of `getwork` requests
|
||||
a second. Solo miners may still use `getwork`, but most pools today
|
||||
discourage or disallow its use.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
#### getblocktemplate RPC
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
An improved method is the Bitcoin Core `getblocktemplate` RPC. This
|
||||
provides the mining software with much more information:
|
||||
|
||||
1. The information necessary to construct a coinbase transaction
|
||||
paying the pool or the solo miner's `bitcoind` wallet.
|
||||
|
||||
2. A complete dump of the transactions `bitcoind` or the mining pool
|
||||
suggests including in the block, allowing the mining software to
|
||||
inspect the transactions, optionally add additional transactions, and
|
||||
optionally remove non-required transactions.
|
||||
|
||||
3. Other information necessary to construct a block header for the next
|
||||
block: the block version, previous block hash, and bits (target).
|
||||
|
||||
4. The mining pool's current target threshold for accepting shares. (For
|
||||
solo miners, this is the network target.)
|
||||
|
||||
Using the transactions received, the mining software adds a nonce to the
|
||||
coinbase extra nonce field and then converts all the transactions into a
|
||||
Merkle tree to derive a Merkle root it can use in a block header.
|
||||
Whenever the extra nonce field needs to be changed, the mining software
|
||||
rebuilds the necessary parts of the Merkle tree and updates the time and
|
||||
Merkle root fields in the block header.
|
||||
|
||||
Like all `bitcoind` RPCs, `getblocktemplate` is sent over HTTP. To
|
||||
ensure they get the most recent work, most miners use [HTTP longpoll][] to
|
||||
leave a `getblocktemplate` request open at all times. This allows the
|
||||
mining pool to push a new `getblocktemplate` to the miner as soon as any
|
||||
miner on the peer-to-peer network publishes a new block or the pool
|
||||
wants to send more transactions to the mining software.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Stratum
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
A widely used alternative to `getblocktemplate` is the [Stratum mining
|
||||
protocol][]. Stratum focuses on giving miners the minimal information they
|
||||
need to construct block headers on their own:
|
||||
|
||||
1. The information necessary to construct a coinbase transaction
|
||||
paying the pool.
|
||||
|
||||
2. The parts of the Merkle tree which need to be re-hashed to
|
||||
create a new Merkle root when the coinbase transaction is
|
||||
updated with a new extra nonce. The other parts of the Merkle
|
||||
tree, if any, are not sent, effectively limiting the amount of data which needs
|
||||
to be sent to (at most) about a kilobyte at current transaction
|
||||
volume.
|
||||
|
||||
3. All of the other non-Merkle root information necessary to construct a
|
||||
block header for the next block.
|
||||
|
||||
4. The mining pool's current target threshold for accepting shares.
|
||||
|
||||
Using the coinbase transaction received, the mining software adds a
|
||||
nonce to the coinbase extra nonce field, hashes the coinbase
|
||||
transaction, and adds the hash to the received parts of the Merkle tree.
|
||||
The tree is hashed as necessary to create a Merkle root, which is added
|
||||
to the block header information received. Whenever the extra nonce field
|
||||
needs to be changed, the mining software updates and re-hashes the
|
||||
coinbase transaction, rebuilds the Merkle root, and updates the header
|
||||
Merkle root field.
|
||||
|
||||
Unlike `getblocktemplate`, miners using Stratum cannot inspect or add
|
||||
transactions to the block they're currently mining. Also unlike
|
||||
`getblocktemplate`, the Stratum protocol uses a two-way TCP socket directly,
|
||||
so miners don't need to use HTTP longpoll to ensure they receive
|
||||
immediate updates from mining pools when a new block is broadcast to the
|
||||
peer-to-peer network.
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- SOMEDAY: describe p2pool -->
|
||||
|
||||
**Resources:** For more information, please see the [BFGMiner][] mining
|
||||
software licensed under GPLv3 or the [Eloipool][] mining pool software
|
||||
licensed under AGPLv3. A number of other mining and pool programs
|
||||
exist, although many are forks of BFGMiner or Eloipool.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
91
_includes/guide_operating_modes.md
Normal file
91
_includes/guide_operating_modes.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
|
|||
## Operating Modes
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Currently there are two primary methods of validating the block chain as a client: Full nodes and SPV clients. Other methods, such as server-trusting methods, are not discussed as they are not recommended.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Full Node
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
The first and most secure model is the one followed by Bitcoin Core, also known as a “thick” or “full chain” client. This security model assures the validity of the block chain by downloading and validating blocks from the genesis block all the way to the most recently discovered block. This is known as using the *height* of a particular block to verify the client’s view of the network.
|
||||
|
||||
For a client to be fooled, an adversary would need to give a complete alternative block chain history that is of greater difficulty than the current “true” chain, which is impossible due to the fact that the longest chain is by definition the true chain. After the suggested six confirmations, the ability to fool the client become intractable, as only a single honest network node is needed to have the complete state of the block chain.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Simplified Payment Verification (SPV)
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
An alternative approach detailed in the [original Bitcoin paper][bitcoinpdf] is a client that only downloads the headers of blocks during the initial syncing process and then requests transactions from full nodes as needed. This scales linearly with the height of the block chain at only 80 bytes per block header, or up to 4.2MB per year, regardless of total block size.
|
||||
|
||||
As described in the white paper, the Merkle root in the block header along with a Merkle branch can prove to the SPV client that the transaction in question is embedded in a block in the block chain. This does not guarantee validity of the transactions that are embedded. Instead it demonstrates the amount of work required to perform a double-spend attack.
|
||||
|
||||
The block's depth in the block chain corresponds to the cumulative difficulty that has been performed to build on top of that particular block. The SPV client knows the Merkle root and associated transaction information, and requests the respective Merkle branch from a full node. Once the Merkle branch has been retrieved, proving the existence of the transaction in the block, the SPV client can then look to block *depth* as a proxy for transaction validity and security. The cost of an attack on a user by a malicious node who inserts an invalid transaction grows with the cumulative difficulty built on top of that block, since the malicious node alone will be mining this forged chain.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Potential SPV Weaknesses
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
If implemented naively, an SPV client has a few important weaknesses.
|
||||
|
||||
First, while the SPV client can not be easily fooled into thinking a transaction is in a block when it is not, the reverse is not true. A full node can simply lie by omission, leading an SPV client to believe a transaction has not occurred. This can be considered a form of Denial of Service. One mitigation strategy is to connect to a number of full nodes, and send the requests to each node. However this can be defeated by network partitioning or Sybil attacks, since identities are essentially free, and can be bandwidth intensive. Care must be taken to ensure the client is not cut off from honest nodes.
|
||||
|
||||
Second, the SPV client only requests transactions from full nodes corresponding to keys it owns. If the SPV client downloads all blocks and then discards unneeded ones, this can be extremely bandwidth intensive. If they simply ask full nodes for blocks with specific transactions, this allows full nodes a complete view of the public addresses that correspond to the user. This is a large privacy leak, and allows for tactics such as denial of service for clients, users, or addresses that are disfavored by those running full nodes, as well as trivial linking of funds. A client could simply spam many fake transaction requests, but this creates a large strain on the SPV client, and can end up defeating the purpose of thin clients altogether.
|
||||
|
||||
To mitigate the latter issue, Bloom filters have been implemented as a method of obfuscation and compression of block data requests.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Bloom Filters
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
A Bloom filter is a space-efficient probabilistic data structure that is used to test membership of an element. The data structure achieves great data compression at the expense of a prescribed false positive rate.
|
||||
|
||||
A Bloom filter starts out as an array of n bits all set to 0. A set of k random hash functions are chosen, each of which output<!--noref--> a single integer between the range of 1 and n.
|
||||
|
||||
When adding an element to the Bloom filter, the element is hashed k times separately, and for each of the k outputs<!--noref-->, the corresponding Bloom filter bit at that index is set to 1.
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Add picture here from wikipedia to explain the bits -->
|
||||
|
||||
Querying of the Bloom filter is done by using the same hash functions as before. If all k bits accessed in the bloom filter are set to 1, this demonstrates with high probability that the element lies in the set. Clearly, the k indices could have been set to 1 by the addition of a combination of other elements in the domain, but the parameters allow the user to choose the acceptable false positive rate.
|
||||
|
||||
Removal of elements can only be done by scrapping the bloom filter and re-creating it from scratch.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Application Of Bloom Filters
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Rather than viewing the false positive rates as a liability, it is used to create a tunable parameter that represents the desired privacy level and bandwidth trade-off. A SPV client creates their Bloom filter and sends it to a full node using the message `filterload`, which sets the filter for which transactions are desired. The command `filteradd` allows addition of desired data to the filter without needing to send a totally new Bloom filter, and `filterclear` allows the connection to revert to standard block discovery mechanisms. If the filter has been loaded, then full nodes will send a modified form of blocks, called a merkleblock. The merkleblock is simply the block header with the merkle branch associated with the set Bloom filter.
|
||||
|
||||
An SPV client can not only add transactions as elements to the filter, but also public keys, data from input and outputs scripts, and more. This enables P2SH transaction finding.
|
||||
|
||||
If a user is more privacy-conscious, he can set the Bloom filter to include more false positives, at the expense of extra bandwidth used for transaction discovery. If a user is on a tight bandwidth budget, he can set the false-positive rate to low, knowing that this will allow full nodes a clear view of what transactions are associated with his client.
|
||||
|
||||
**Resources:** [BitcoinJ](http://bitcoinj.org), a Java implementation of Bitcoin that is based on the SPV security model and Bloom filters. Used in most Android wallets.
|
||||
|
||||
Bloom filters were standardized for use via [BIP37](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0037.mediawiki). Review the BIP for implementation details.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Future Proposals
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
There are future proposals such as Unused Output Tree (UOT) in the block chain to find a more satisfactory middle-ground for clients between needing a complete copy of the block chain, or trusting that a majority of your connected peers are not lying. UOT would enable a very secure client using a finite amount of storage using a data structure that is authenticated in the block chain. These type of proposals are, however, in very early stages, and will require soft forks in the network.
|
||||
|
||||
Until these types of operating modes are implemented, modes should be chosen based on the likely threat model, computing and bandwidth constraints, and liability in bitcoin value.
|
||||
|
||||
**Resources:** [Original Thread on UOT](https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=88208.0), [UOT Prefix Tree BIP Proposal](https://github.com/maaku/bips/blob/master/drafts/auth-trie.mediawiki)
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
118
_includes/guide_p2p_network.md
Normal file
118
_includes/guide_p2p_network.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
|
|||
## P2P Network
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
The Bitcoin [network][network]{:#term-network}{:.term} uses simple methods to perform peer discovery and communicate between nodes. The following section applies to both full nodes and SPV clients, with the exception that SPV's Bloom filters take the role of block discovery.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Peer Discovery
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Bitcoin Core maintains a list of [peers][peer]{:#term-peer}{:.term} to connect to on startup. When a full node is started for the first time, it must be bootstrapped to the network. This is done automatically today in Bitcoin Core by a short list of trusted DNS seeds. The option `-dnsseed` can be set to define this behavior, though the default is `1`. DNS requests return a list of IP addresses that can be connected to. From there, the client can start connecting the Bitcoin network.
|
||||
|
||||
Alternatively, bootstrapping can be done by using the option `-seednode=<ip>`, allowing the user to predefine what seed server to connect to, then disconnect after building a peer list. Another method is starting Bitcoin Core with `-connect=<ip>` which disallows the node from connecting to any peers except those specified. Lastly, the argument `-addnode=<ip>` simply allows the user to add a single node to his peer list.
|
||||
|
||||
After bootstrapping, nodes send out a `addr` message containing their own IP to peers. Each peer of that node then forwards this message to a couple of their own peers to expand the pool of possible connections.
|
||||
|
||||
To see which peers one is connected with (and associated data), use the `getpeerinfo` RPC.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Connecting To Peers
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Connecting to a peer is done by sending a `version` message, which contains your version number, block, and current time to the remote node. Once the message is received by the remote node, it must respond with a `verack` message, which may be followed by its own `version` message if the node desires to peer.
|
||||
|
||||
Once connected, the client can send to the remote node `getaddr` and `addr` messages to gather additional peers.
|
||||
|
||||
In order to maintain a connection with a peer, nodes by default will send a message to peers before 30 minutes of inactivity. If 90 minutes pass without a message being received by a peer, the client will assume that connection has closed.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Block Broadcasting
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
At the start of a connection with a peer, both nodes send `getblocks` messages containing the hash of the latest known block. If a peer believes they have newer blocks or a longer chain, that peer will send an `inv` message which includes a list of up to 500 hashes of newer blocks, stating that it has the longer chain. The receiving node would then request these blocks using the command `getdata`, and the remote peer would reply via `block`<!--noref--> messages. After all 500 blocks have been processed, the node can request another set with `getblocks`, until the node is caught up with the network. Blocks are only accepted when validated by the receiving node.
|
||||
|
||||
New blocks are also discovered as miners publish their found blocks, and these messages are propagated in a similar manner. Through previously established connections, an `inv` message is sent with the new block hashed, and the receiving node requests the block via the `getdata` message.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Transaction Broadcasting
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
In order to send a transaction to a peer, an `inv` message is sent. If a `getdata` response message is received, the transaction is sent using `tx`. The peer receiving this transaction also forwards the transaction in the same manner, given that it is a valid transaction.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Memory Pool
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Full peers may keep track of unconfirmed transactions which are eligible to
|
||||
be included in the next block. This is essential for miners who will
|
||||
actually mine some or all of those transactions, but it's also useful
|
||||
for any peer who wants to keep track of unconfirmed transactions, such
|
||||
as peers serving unconfirmed transaction information to SPV clients.
|
||||
|
||||
Because unconfirmed transactions have no permanent status in Bitcoin,
|
||||
Bitcoin Core stores them in non-persistent memory, calling them a memory
|
||||
pool or mempool. When a peer shuts down, its memory pool is lost except
|
||||
for any transactions stored by its wallet. This means that never-mined
|
||||
unconfirmed transactions tend to slowly disappear from the network as
|
||||
peers restart or as they purge some transactions to make room in memory
|
||||
for others.
|
||||
|
||||
Transactions which are mined into blocks that are later orphaned may be
|
||||
added back into the memory pool. These re-added transactions may be
|
||||
re-removed from the pool almost immediately if the replacement blocks
|
||||
include them. This is the case in Bitcoin Core, which removes orphaned
|
||||
blocks from the chain one by one, starting with the tip (highest block).
|
||||
As each block is removed, its transactions are added back to the memory
|
||||
pool. After all of the orphaned blocks are removed, the replacement
|
||||
blocks are added to the chain one by one, ending with the new tip. As
|
||||
each block is added, any transactions it confirms are removed from the
|
||||
memory pool.
|
||||
|
||||
SPV clients don't have a memory pool for the same reason they don't
|
||||
relay transactions. They can't independently verify that a transaction
|
||||
hasn't yet been included in a block and that it only spends UTXOs, so
|
||||
they can't know which transactions are eligible to be included in the
|
||||
next block.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Misbehaving Nodes
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Take note that for both types of broadcasting, mechanisms are in place to punish misbehaving peers who take up bandwidth and computing resources by sending false information. If a peer gets a banscore above the `-banscore=<n>` threshold, he will be banned for the number of seconds defined by `-bantime=<n>`, which is 86,400 by default (24 hours).
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Alerts
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
In case of a bug or attack,
|
||||
the Bitcoin Core developers provide a
|
||||
[Bitcoin alert service](https://bitcoin.org/en/alerts) with an RSS feed
|
||||
and users of Bitcoin Core can check the error field of the `getinfo` RPC
|
||||
results to get currently active alerts for their specific version of
|
||||
Bitcoin Core.
|
||||
|
||||
These messages are aggressively broadcast using the `alert` message, being sent to each peer upon connect for the duration of the alert.
|
||||
|
||||
These messages are signed by a specific ECDSA private key that only a small number of developers control.
|
||||
|
||||
**Resource:** More details about the structure of messages and a complete list of message types can be found at the [Protocol Specification](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Protocol_specification) page of the Bitcoin Wiki.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
708
_includes/guide_payment_processing.md
Normal file
708
_includes/guide_payment_processing.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,708 @@
|
|||
## Payment Processing
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Payment processing encompasses the steps spenders and receivers perform
|
||||
to make and accept payments in exchange for products or services. The
|
||||
basic steps have not changed since the dawn of commerce, but the
|
||||
technology has. This section will explain how how receivers and spenders
|
||||
can, respectively, request and make payments using Bitcoin---and how
|
||||
they can deal with complications such as refunds and recurrent
|
||||
rebilling.
|
||||
|
||||
Bitcoin payment processing is being actively developed at the moment, so
|
||||
each subsection below attempts to describe what's widely deployed now,
|
||||
what's new, and what might be coming before the end of 2014.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
The figure above illustrates payment processing using Bitcoin from a
|
||||
receiver's perspective, starting with a new order. The following
|
||||
subsections will each address<!--noref--> the three common steps and the three
|
||||
occasional or optional steps.
|
||||
|
||||
It is worth mentioning that each of these steps can be outsourced by
|
||||
using third party APIs and services.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Pricing Orders
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Because of exchange rate variability between satoshis and national
|
||||
currencies ([fiat][]{:#term-fiat}{:.term}), many Bitcoin orders are priced in fiat but paid
|
||||
in satoshis, necessitating a price conversion.
|
||||
|
||||
Exchange rate data is widely available through HTTP-based APIs provided
|
||||
by currency exchanges. Several organizations also aggregate data from
|
||||
multiple exchanges to create index prices, which are also available using
|
||||
HTTP-based APIs.
|
||||
|
||||
Any applications which automatically calculate order totals using exchange
|
||||
rate data must take steps to ensure the price quoted reflects the
|
||||
current general market value of satoshis, or the applications could
|
||||
accept too few satoshis for the product or service being sold.
|
||||
Alternatively, they could ask for too many satoshis, driving away potential
|
||||
spenders.
|
||||
|
||||
To minimize problems, your applications may want to collect data from at
|
||||
least two separate sources and compare them to see how much they differ.
|
||||
If the difference is substantial, your applications can enter a safe mode
|
||||
until a human is able to evaluate the situation.
|
||||
|
||||
You may also want to program your applications to enter a safe mode if
|
||||
exchange rates are rapidly increasing or decreasing, indicating a
|
||||
possible problem in the Bitcoin market which could make it difficult to
|
||||
spend any satoshis received today.
|
||||
|
||||
Exchange rates lie outside the control of Bitcoin and related
|
||||
technologies, so there are no new or planned technologies which
|
||||
will make it significantly easier for your program to correctly convert
|
||||
order totals from fiat into satoshis.
|
||||
|
||||
Because the exchange rate fluctuates over time, order totals pegged to
|
||||
fiat must expire to prevent spenders from delaying payment in the hope
|
||||
that satoshis will drop in price. Most widely-used payment processing
|
||||
systems currently expire their invoices after 10 to 20 minutes.
|
||||
|
||||
Shorter expiration periods increase the chance the invoice will expire
|
||||
before payment is received, possibly necessitating manual intervention
|
||||
to request an additional payment or to issue a refund. Longer
|
||||
expiration periods increase the chance that the exchange rate will
|
||||
fluctuate a significant amount before payment is received.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Requesting Payments
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Before requesting payment, your application must create a Bitcoin
|
||||
address, or acquire an address from another program such as
|
||||
Bitcoin Core. Bitcoin addresses are described in detail in the
|
||||
[Transactions](#transactions) section. Also described in that section
|
||||
are two important reasons to [avoid using an address more than
|
||||
once](#avoiding-key-reuse)---but a third reason applies especially to
|
||||
payment requests:
|
||||
|
||||
Using a separate address for each incoming payment makes it trivial to
|
||||
determine which customers have paid their payment requests. Your
|
||||
applications need only track the association between a particular payment
|
||||
request and the address used in it, and then scan the block chain for
|
||||
transactions matching that address.
|
||||
|
||||
The next subsections will describe in detail the following four
|
||||
compatible ways to give the spender the address and amount to be paid.
|
||||
For increased convenience and compatibility, providing all of these options in your
|
||||
payment requests is recommended.
|
||||
|
||||
1. All wallet software lets its users paste in or manually enter an
|
||||
address and amount into a payment screen. This is, of course,
|
||||
inconvenient---but it makes an effective fallback option.
|
||||
|
||||
2. Almost all desktop wallets can associate with `bitcoin:` URIs, so
|
||||
spenders can click a link to pre-fill the payment screen. This also
|
||||
works with many mobile wallets, but it generally does not work with
|
||||
web-based wallets unless the spender installs a browser extension or
|
||||
manually configures a URI handler.
|
||||
|
||||
3. Most mobile wallets support scanning `bitcoin:` URIs encoded in a
|
||||
QR code, and almost all wallets can display them for
|
||||
accepting payment. While also handy for online orders, QR Codes are
|
||||
especially useful for in-person purchases.
|
||||
|
||||
4. Recent wallet updates add support for the new payment protocol providing
|
||||
increased security, authentication of a receiver's identity using X.509 certificates,
|
||||
and other important features such as refunds.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
**Warning:** Special care must be taken to avoid the theft of incoming
|
||||
payments. In particular, private keys should not be stored on web servers,
|
||||
and payment requests should be sent over HTTPS or other secure methods
|
||||
to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks from replacing your Bitcoin address
|
||||
with the attacker's address.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Plain Text
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
To specify an amount directly for copying and pasting, you must provide
|
||||
the address, the amount, and the denomination. An expiration time for
|
||||
the offer may also be specified. For example:
|
||||
|
||||
(Note: all examples in this section use Testnet addresses.)
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
Pay: mjSk1Ny9spzU2fouzYgLqGUD8U41iR35QN
|
||||
Amount: 100 BTC
|
||||
You must pay by: 2014-04-01 at 23:00 UTC
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Indicating the [denomination][]{:#term-denomination}{:.term} is critical. As of this writing, all popular
|
||||
Bitcoin wallet software defaults to denominating amounts in either [bitcoins][]{:#term-bitcoins}{:.term} (BTC)
|
||||
or [millibits][]{:#term-millibits}{:.term} (mBTC). Choosing between BTC and mBTC is widely supported,
|
||||
but other software also lets its users select denomination amounts from
|
||||
some or all of the following options:
|
||||
|
||||
| Bitcoins | Unit (Abbreviation) |
|
||||
|-------------|---------------------|
|
||||
| 1.0 | bitcoin (BTC) |
|
||||
| 0.01 | bitcent (cBTC) |
|
||||
| 0.001 | millibit (mBTC) |
|
||||
| 0.000001 | microbit (uBTC) |
|
||||
| 0.00000001 | [satoshi][]{:#term-satoshi}{:.term} |
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
#### bitcoin: URI
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
The [`bitcoin:` URI][bitcoin URI]{:#term-bitcoin-uri}{:.term} scheme defined in BIP21 eliminates denomination
|
||||
confusion and saves the spender from copying and pasting two separate
|
||||
values. It also lets the payment request provide some additional
|
||||
information to the spender. An example:
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
bitcoin:mjSk1Ny9spzU2fouzYgLqGUD8U41iR35QN?amount=100
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Only the address is required, and if it is the only thing
|
||||
specified, wallets will pre-fill a payment request with it and let
|
||||
the spender enter an amount. The amount specified is always in
|
||||
decimal bitcoins (BTC).
|
||||
|
||||
Two other parameters are widely supported. The
|
||||
[`label`][label]{:#term-label}{:.term} parameter is generally used to
|
||||
provide wallet software with the recipient's name. The
|
||||
[`message`][message]{:#term-message}{:.term} parameter is generally used
|
||||
to describe the payment request to the spender. Both the label and the
|
||||
message are commonly stored by the spender's wallet software---but they
|
||||
are never added to the actual transaction, so other Bitcoin users cannot
|
||||
see them. Both the label and the message must be [URI encoded][].
|
||||
|
||||
All four parameters used together, with appropriate URI encoding, can be
|
||||
seen in the line-wrapped example below.
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
bitcoin:mjSk1Ny9spzU2fouzYgLqGUD8U41iR35QN\
|
||||
?amount=0.10\
|
||||
&label=Example+Merchant\
|
||||
&message=Order+of+flowers+%26+chocolates
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
The URI scheme can be extended, as will be seen in the payment protocol
|
||||
section below, with both new optional and required parameters. As of this
|
||||
writing, the only widely-used parameter besides the four described above
|
||||
is the payment protocol's `r` parameter.
|
||||
|
||||
Programs accepting URIs in any form must ask the user for permission
|
||||
before paying unless the user has explicitly disabled prompting (as
|
||||
might be the case for micropayments).
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
#### QR Codes
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
QR codes are a popular way to exchange `bitcoin:` URIs in person, in
|
||||
images, or in videos. Most mobile Bitcoin wallet apps, and some desktop
|
||||
wallets, support scanning QR codes to pre-fill their payment screens.
|
||||
|
||||
The figure below shows the same `bitcoin:` URI code encoded as four
|
||||
different [Bitcoin QR codes][URI QR code]{:#term-uri-qr-code}{:.term} at four
|
||||
different error correction levels. The QR code can include the `label` and `message`
|
||||
parameters---and any other optional parameters---but they were
|
||||
omitted here to keep the QR code small and easy to scan with unsteady
|
||||
or low-resolution mobile cameras.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
The error correction is combined with a checksum to ensure the Bitcoin QR code
|
||||
cannot be successfully decoded with data missing or accidentally altered,
|
||||
so your applications should choose the appropriate level of error
|
||||
correction based on the space you have available to display the code.
|
||||
Low-level damage correction works well when space is limited, and
|
||||
quartile-level damage correction helps ensure fast scanning when
|
||||
displayed on high-resolution screens.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Payment Protocol
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Bitcoin Core 0.9 supports the new [payment protocol][]{:#term-payment-protocol}{:.term}. The payment protocol
|
||||
adds many important features to payment requests:
|
||||
|
||||
- Supports X.509 certificates and SSL encryption to verify receivers' identity
|
||||
and help prevent man-in-the-middle attacks.
|
||||
|
||||
- Provides more detail about the requested payment to spenders.
|
||||
|
||||
- Allows spenders to submit transactions directly to receivers without going
|
||||
through the peer-to-peer network. This can speed up payment processing and
|
||||
work with planned features such as child-pays-for-parent transaction fees
|
||||
and offline NFC or Bluetooth-based payments.
|
||||
|
||||
Instead of being asked to pay a meaningless address, such as
|
||||
"mjSk1Ny9spzU2fouzYgLqGUD8U41iR35QN", spenders are asked to pay the
|
||||
Common Name (CN) description from the receiver's X.509 certificate, such
|
||||
as "www.bitcoin.org".
|
||||
|
||||
To request payment using the payment protocol, you use an extended (but
|
||||
backwards-compatible) `bitcoin:` URI. For example:
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
bitcoin:mjSk1Ny9spzU2fouzYgLqGUD8U41iR35QN\
|
||||
?amount=0.10\
|
||||
&label=Example+Merchant\
|
||||
&message=Order+of+flowers+%26+chocolates\
|
||||
&r=https://example.com/pay/mjSk1Ny9spzU2fouzYgLqGUD8U41iR35QN
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
None of the parameters provided above, except `r`, are required for the
|
||||
payment protocol---but your applications may include them for backwards
|
||||
compatibility with wallet programs which don't yet handle the payment
|
||||
protocol.
|
||||
|
||||
The [`r`][r]{:#term-r-parameter}{:.term} parameter tells payment-protocol-aware wallet programs to ignore
|
||||
the other parameters and fetch a PaymentRequest from the URL provided.
|
||||
The browser, QR code reader, or other program processing the URI opens
|
||||
the spender's Bitcoin wallet program on the URI.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
The Payment Protocol is described in depth in BIP70, BIP71, and BIP72.
|
||||
An example CGI program and description of all the parameters which can
|
||||
be used in the Payment Protocol is provided in the Developer Examples
|
||||
[Payment Protocol][devex payment protocol] subsection. In this
|
||||
subsection, we will briefly describe in story format how the Payment
|
||||
Protocol is typically used.
|
||||
|
||||
Charlie, the client, is shopping on a website run by Bob, the
|
||||
businessman. Charlie adds a few items to his shopping cart and clicks
|
||||
the "Checkout With Bitcoin" button.
|
||||
|
||||
Bob's server automatically adds the following information to its
|
||||
invoice database:
|
||||
|
||||
* The details of Charlie's order, including items ordered and
|
||||
shipping address.
|
||||
|
||||
* An order total in satoshis, perhaps created by converting prices in
|
||||
fiat to prices in satoshis.
|
||||
|
||||
* An expiration time when that total will no longer be acceptable.
|
||||
|
||||
* An output script to which Charlie should send payment. Typically this
|
||||
will be a P2PKH or P2SH output script containing a unique (never
|
||||
before used) public key.
|
||||
|
||||
After adding all that information to the database, Bob's server displays
|
||||
a `bitcoin:` URI for Charlie to click to pay.
|
||||
|
||||
Charlie clicks on the `bitcoin:` URI in his browser. His browser's URI
|
||||
handler sends the URI to his wallet program. The wallet is aware of the
|
||||
Payment Protocol, so it parses the `r` parameter and sends an HTTP GET
|
||||
to that URL looking for a PaymentRequest message.
|
||||
|
||||
The PaymentRequest message returned may include private information, such as Charlie's
|
||||
mailing address, but the wallet must be able to access it without using prior
|
||||
authentication, such as HTTP cookies, so a publicly-accessible HTTPS URL
|
||||
with a guess-resistant part is typically used. The
|
||||
unique public key created for the payment request can be used to create
|
||||
a unique identifier. This is why, in the example URI above, the PaymentRequest
|
||||
URL contains the P2PKH address:
|
||||
`https://example.com/pay/mjSk1Ny9spzU2fouzYgLqGUD8U41iR35QN`
|
||||
|
||||
After receiving the HTTP GET to the URL above, the
|
||||
PaymentRequest-generating CGI program on Bob's webserver takes the
|
||||
unique identifier from the URL and looks up the corresponding details in
|
||||
the database. It then creates a PaymentDetails message with the
|
||||
following information:
|
||||
|
||||
* The amount of the order in satoshis and the output script to be paid.
|
||||
|
||||
* A memo containing the list of items ordered, so Charlie knows what
|
||||
he's paying for. It may also include Charlie's mailing address so he can
|
||||
double-check it.
|
||||
|
||||
* The time the PaymentDetails message was created plus the time
|
||||
it expires.
|
||||
|
||||
* A URL to which Charlie's wallet should send its completed transaction.
|
||||
|
||||
That PaymentDetails message is put inside a PaymentRequest message.
|
||||
The payment request lets Bob's server sign the entire Request with the
|
||||
server's X.509 SSL certificate. (The Payment Protocol has been designed
|
||||
to allow other signing methods in the future.) Bob's server sends the
|
||||
payment request to Charlie's wallet in the reply to the HTTP GET.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
Charlie's wallet receives the PaymentRequest message, checks its signature, and
|
||||
then displays the details from the PaymentDetails message to Charlie. Charlie
|
||||
agrees to pay, so the wallet constructs a payment to the output script
|
||||
Bob's server provided. Unlike a traditional Bitcoin payment, Charlie's
|
||||
wallet doesn't necessarily automatically broadcast this payment to the
|
||||
network. Instead, the wallet constructs a Payment message and sends it to
|
||||
the URL provided in the PaymentDetails message as an HTTP POST. Among
|
||||
other things, the Payment message contains:
|
||||
|
||||
* The signed transaction in which Charlie pays Bob.
|
||||
|
||||
* An optional memo Charlie can send to Bob. (There's no guarantee that
|
||||
Bob will read it.)
|
||||
|
||||
* A refund address (output script) which Bob can pay if he needs to
|
||||
return some or all of Charlie's satoshis.
|
||||
|
||||
Bob's server receives the Payment message, verifies the transaction pays
|
||||
the requested amount to the address provided, and then broadcasts the
|
||||
transaction to the network. It also replies to the HTTP POSTed Payment
|
||||
message with a PaymentACK message, which includes an optional memo
|
||||
from Bob's server thanking Charlie for his patronage and providing other
|
||||
information about the order, such as the expected arrival date.
|
||||
|
||||
Charlie's wallet sees the PaymentACK and tells Charlie that the payment
|
||||
has been sent. The PaymentACK doesn't mean that Bob has verified
|
||||
Charlie's payment---see the Verifying Payment subsection below---but it does mean
|
||||
that Charlie can go do something else while the transaction gets confirmed.
|
||||
After Bob's server verifies from the block chain that Charlie's
|
||||
transaction has been suitably confirmed, it authorizes shipping
|
||||
Charlie's order.
|
||||
|
||||
In the case of a dispute, Charlie can generate a cryptographically-proven
|
||||
[receipt][]{:#term-receipt}{:.term} out of the various signed or
|
||||
otherwise-proven information.
|
||||
|
||||
* The PaymentDetails message signed by Bob's webserver proves Charlie
|
||||
received an invoice to pay a specified output script for a specified
|
||||
number of satoshis for goods specified in the memo field.
|
||||
|
||||
* The Bitcoin block chain can prove that the output script specified by
|
||||
Bob was paid the specified number of satoshis.
|
||||
|
||||
If a refund needs to be issued, Bob's server can safely pay the
|
||||
refund-to output script provided by Charlie. (Note: a proposal has been
|
||||
discussed to give refund-to addresses an implicit expiration date so
|
||||
users and software don't need to worry about payments being sent to
|
||||
addresses which are no longer monitored.) See the Refunds section below
|
||||
for more details.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Verifying Payment
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
As explained in the [Transactions][] and [Block Chain][] sections, broadcasting
|
||||
a transaction to the network doesn't ensure that the receiver gets
|
||||
paid. A malicious spender can create one transaction that pays the
|
||||
receiver and a second one that pays the same input back to himself. Only
|
||||
one of these transactions will be added to the block chain, and nobody
|
||||
can say for sure which one it will be.
|
||||
|
||||
Two or more transactions spending the same input are commonly referred
|
||||
to as a [double spend][]{:#term-double-spend}{:.term}.
|
||||
|
||||
Once the transaction is included in a block, double spends are
|
||||
impossible without modifying block chain history to replace the
|
||||
transaction, which is quite difficult. Using this system,
|
||||
the Bitcoin protocol can give each of your transactions an updating confidence
|
||||
score based on the number of blocks which would need to be modified to replace
|
||||
a transaction. For each block, the transaction gains one [confirmation][]{:#term-confirmation}{:.term}. Since
|
||||
modifying blocks is quite difficult, higher confirmation scores indicate
|
||||
greater protection.
|
||||
|
||||
**0 confirmations**: The transaction has been broadcast but is still not
|
||||
included in any block. Zero confirmation transactions ([unconfirmed
|
||||
transactions][]{:#term-unconfirmed-transactions}{:.term}) should generally not be
|
||||
trusted without risk analysis. Although miners usually confirm the first
|
||||
transaction they receive, fraudsters may be able to manipulate the
|
||||
network into including their version of a transaction.
|
||||
|
||||
**1 confirmation**: The transaction is included in the latest block and
|
||||
double-spend risk decreases dramatically. Transactions which pay
|
||||
sufficient transaction fees need 10 minutes on average to receive one
|
||||
confirmation. However, the most recent block gets replaced fairly often by
|
||||
accident, so a double spend is still a real possibility.
|
||||
|
||||
**2 confirmations**: The most recent block was chained to the block which
|
||||
includes the transaction. As of March 2014, two block replacements were
|
||||
exceedingly rare, and a two block replacement attack was impractical without
|
||||
expensive mining equipment.
|
||||
|
||||
**6 confirmations**: The network has spent about an hour working to protect
|
||||
the transaction against double spends and the transaction is buried under six
|
||||
blocks. Even a reasonably lucky attacker would require a large percentage of
|
||||
the total network hashing power to replace six blocks. Although this number is
|
||||
somewhat arbitrary, software handling high-value transactions, or otherwise at
|
||||
risk for fraud, should wait for at least six confirmations before treating a
|
||||
payment as accepted.
|
||||
|
||||
Bitcoin Core provides several RPCs which can provide your program with the
|
||||
confirmation score for transactions in your wallet or arbitrary transactions.
|
||||
For example, the `listunspent` RPC provides an array of every satoshi you can
|
||||
spend along with its confirmation score.
|
||||
|
||||
Although confirmations provide excellent double-spend protection most of the
|
||||
time, there are at least three cases where double-spend risk analysis can be
|
||||
required:
|
||||
|
||||
1. In the case when the program or its user cannot wait for a confirmation and
|
||||
wants to accept unconfirmed payments.
|
||||
|
||||
2. In the case when the program or its user is accepting high value
|
||||
transactions and cannot wait for at least six confirmations or more.
|
||||
|
||||
3. In the case of an implementation bug or prolonged attack against Bitcoin
|
||||
which makes the system less reliable than expected.
|
||||
|
||||
An interesting source of double-spend risk analysis can be acquired by
|
||||
connecting to large numbers of Bitcoin peers to track how transactions and
|
||||
blocks differ from each other. Some third-party APIs can provide you with this
|
||||
type of service.
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- TODO Example of double spend risk analysis using bitcoinj, eventually? -->
|
||||
|
||||
For example, unconfirmed transactions can be compared among all connected peers
|
||||
to see if any UTXO is used in multiple unconfirmed transactions, indicating a
|
||||
double-spend attempt, in which case the payment can be refused until it is
|
||||
confirmed. Transactions can also be ranked by their transaction fee to
|
||||
estimate the amount of time until they're added to a block.
|
||||
|
||||
Another example could be to detect a fork when multiple peers report differing
|
||||
block header hashes at the same block height. Your program can go into a safe mode if the
|
||||
fork extends for more than two blocks, indicating a possible problem with the
|
||||
block chain.
|
||||
|
||||
Another good source of double-spend protection can be human intelligence. For
|
||||
example, fraudsters may act differently from legitimate customers, letting
|
||||
savvy merchants manually flag them as high risk. Your program can provide a
|
||||
safe mode which stops automatic payment acceptance on a global or per-customer
|
||||
basis.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Issuing Refunds
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Occasionally receivers using your applications will need to issue
|
||||
refunds. The obvious way to do that, which is very unsafe, is simply
|
||||
to return the satoshis to the output script from which they came.
|
||||
For example:
|
||||
|
||||
* Alice wants to buy a widget from Bob, so Bob gives Alice a price and
|
||||
Bitcoin address.
|
||||
|
||||
* Alice opens her wallet program and sends some satoshis to that
|
||||
address. Her wallet program automatically chooses to spend those
|
||||
satoshis from one of its unspent outputs, an output corresponding to
|
||||
the Bitcoin address mjSk1Ny9spzU2fouzYgLqGUD8U41iR35QN.
|
||||
|
||||
* Bob discovers Alice paid too many satoshis. Being an honest fellow,
|
||||
Bob refunds the extra satoshis to the mjSk... address.
|
||||
|
||||
This seems like it should work, but Alice is using a centralized
|
||||
multi-user web wallet which doesn't give unique addresses to each user,
|
||||
so it has no way to know that Bob's refund is meant for Alice. Now the
|
||||
refund is a unintentional donation to the company behind the centralized
|
||||
wallet, unless Alice opens a support ticket and proves those satoshis
|
||||
were meant for her.
|
||||
|
||||
This leaves receivers only two correct ways to issue refunds:
|
||||
|
||||
* If an address was copy-and-pasted or a basic `bitcoin:` URI was used,
|
||||
contact the spender directly and ask them to provide a refund address.
|
||||
|
||||
* If the payment protocol was used, send the refund to the output
|
||||
listed in the `refund_to` field of the Payment message.
|
||||
|
||||
As discussed in the Payment section, `refund_to` addresses may come with
|
||||
implicit expiration dates, so you may need to revert to contacting the
|
||||
spender directly if the refund is being issued a long time after the
|
||||
original payment was made.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Disbursing Income (Limiting Forex Risk)
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Many receivers worry that their satoshis will be less valuable in the
|
||||
future than they are now, called foreign exchange (forex) risk. To limit
|
||||
forex risk, many receivers choose to disburse newly-acquired payments
|
||||
soon after they're received.
|
||||
|
||||
If your application provides this business logic, it will need to choose
|
||||
which outputs to spend first. There are a few different algorithms
|
||||
which can lead to different results.
|
||||
|
||||
* A merge avoidance algorithm makes it harder for outsiders looking
|
||||
at block chain data to figure out how many satoshis the receiver has
|
||||
earned, spent, and saved.
|
||||
|
||||
* A last-in-first-out (LIFO) algorithm spends newly acquired satoshis
|
||||
while there's still double spend risk, possibly pushing that risk on
|
||||
to others. This can be good for the receiver's balance sheet but
|
||||
possibly bad for their reputation.
|
||||
|
||||
* A first-in-first-out (FIFO) algorithm spends the oldest satoshis
|
||||
first, which can help ensure that the receiver's payments always
|
||||
confirm, although this has utility only in a few edge cases.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Merge Avoidance
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
When a receiver receives satoshis in an output, the spender can track
|
||||
(in a crude way) how the receiver spends those satoshis. But the spender
|
||||
can't automatically see other satoshis paid to the receiver by other
|
||||
spenders as long as the receiver uses unique addresses for each
|
||||
transaction.
|
||||
|
||||
However, if the receiver spends satoshis from two different spenders in
|
||||
the same transaction, each of those spenders can see the other spender's
|
||||
payment. This is called a [merge][]{:#term-merge}{:.term}, and the more a receiver merges
|
||||
outputs, the easier it is for an outsider to track how many satoshis the
|
||||
receiver has earned, spent, and saved.
|
||||
|
||||
[Merge avoidance][]{:#term-merge-avoidance}{:.term} means trying to avoid spending unrelated outputs in the
|
||||
same transaction. For persons and businesses which want to keep their
|
||||
transaction data secret from other people, it can be an important strategy.
|
||||
|
||||
A crude merge avoidance strategy is to try to always pay with the
|
||||
smallest output you have which is larger than the amount being
|
||||
requested. For example, if you have four outputs holding, respectively,
|
||||
100, 200, 500, and 900 satoshis, you would pay a bill for 300 satoshis
|
||||
with the 500-satoshi output. This way, as long as you have outputs
|
||||
larger than your bills, you avoid merging.
|
||||
|
||||
More advanced merge avoidance strategies largely depend on enhancements
|
||||
to the payment protocol which will allow payers to avoid merging by
|
||||
intelligently distributing their payments among multiple outputs
|
||||
provided by the receiver.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Last In, First Out (LIFO)
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Outputs can be spent as soon as they're received---even before they're
|
||||
confirmed. Since recent outputs are at the greatest risk of being
|
||||
double-spent, spending them before older outputs allows the spender to
|
||||
hold on to older confirmed outputs which are much less likely to be
|
||||
double-spent.
|
||||
|
||||
There are two closely-related downsides to LIFO:
|
||||
|
||||
* If you spend an output from one unconfirmed transaction in a second
|
||||
transaction, the second transaction becomes invalid if transaction
|
||||
malleability changes the first transaction.
|
||||
|
||||
* If you spend an output from one unconfirmed transaction in a second
|
||||
transaction and the first transaction's output is successfully double
|
||||
spent to another output, the second transaction becomes invalid.
|
||||
|
||||
In either of the above cases, the receiver of the second transaction
|
||||
will see the incoming transaction notification disappear or turn into an
|
||||
error message.
|
||||
|
||||
Because LIFO puts the recipient of secondary transactions in as much
|
||||
double-spend risk as the recipient of the primary transaction, they're
|
||||
best used when the secondary recipient doesn't care about the
|
||||
risk---such as an exchange or other service which is going to wait for
|
||||
six confirmations whether you spend old outputs or new outputs.
|
||||
|
||||
LIFO should not be used when the primary transaction recipient's
|
||||
reputation might be at stake, such as when paying employees. In these
|
||||
cases, it's better to wait for transactions to be fully verified (see
|
||||
the [Verification subsection][] above) before using them to make payments.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
#### First In, First Out (FIFO)
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
The oldest outputs are the most reliable, as the longer it's been since
|
||||
they were received, the more blocks would need to be modified to double
|
||||
spend them. However, after just a few blocks, a point of rapidly
|
||||
diminishing returns is reached. The [original Bitcoin paper][bitcoinpdf]
|
||||
predicts the chance of an attacker being able to modify old blocks,
|
||||
assuming the attacker has 30% of the total network hashing power:
|
||||
|
||||
| Blocks | Chance of successful modification |
|
||||
|--------|----------------------------------|
|
||||
| 5 | 17.73523% |
|
||||
| 10 | 4.16605% |
|
||||
| 15 | 1.01008% |
|
||||
| 20 | 0.24804% |
|
||||
| 25 | 0.06132% |
|
||||
| 30 | 0.01522% |
|
||||
| 35 | 0.00379% |
|
||||
| 40 | 0.00095% |
|
||||
| 45 | 0.00024% |
|
||||
| 50 | 0.00006% |
|
||||
|
||||
FIFO does have a small advantage when it comes to transaction fees, as
|
||||
older outputs may be eligible for inclusion in the 50,000 bytes set
|
||||
aside for no-fee-required high-priority transactions by miners running the default Bitcoin Core
|
||||
codebase. However, with transaction fees being so low, this is not a
|
||||
significant advantage.
|
||||
|
||||
The only practical use of FIFO is by receivers who spend all or most
|
||||
of their income within a few blocks, and who want to reduce the
|
||||
chance of their payments becoming accidentally invalid. For example,
|
||||
a receiver who holds each payment for six confirmations, and then
|
||||
spends 100% of verified payments to vendors and a savings account on
|
||||
a bi-hourly schedule.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Rebilling Recurring Payments
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Automated recurring payments are not possible with decentralized Bitcoin
|
||||
wallets. Even if a wallet supported automatically sending non-reversible
|
||||
payments on a regular schedule, the user would still need to start the
|
||||
program at the appointed time, or leave it running all the time
|
||||
unprotected by encryption.
|
||||
|
||||
This means automated recurring Bitcoin payments can only be made from a
|
||||
centralized server which handles satoshis on behalf of its spenders. In
|
||||
practice, receivers who want to set prices in fiat terms must also let
|
||||
the same centralized server choose the appropriate exchange rate.
|
||||
|
||||
Non-automated rebilling can be managed by the same mechanism used before
|
||||
credit-card recurring payments became common: contact the spender and
|
||||
ask them to pay again---for example, by sending them a PaymentRequest
|
||||
`bitcoin:` URI in an HTML email.
|
||||
|
||||
In the future, extensions to the payment protocol and new wallet
|
||||
features may allow some wallet programs to manage a list of recurring
|
||||
transactions. The spender will still need to start the program on a
|
||||
regular basis and authorize payment---but it should be easier and more
|
||||
secure for the spender than clicking an emailed invoice, increasing the
|
||||
chance receivers get paid on time.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
707
_includes/guide_transactions.md
Normal file
707
_includes/guide_transactions.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,707 @@
|
|||
## Transactions
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- reference tx (made by Satoshi in block 170):
|
||||
bitcoind decoderawtransaction $( bitcoind getrawtransaction f4184fc596403b9d638783cf57adfe4c75c605f6356fbc91338530e9831e9e16 )
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- SOMEDAY: we need more terms than just output/input to denote the
|
||||
various ways the outputs/inputs are used, such as "prevout", "nextout",
|
||||
"curout", "curin", "nextin". (Is there any use for "previn"?) Someday,
|
||||
when I'm terribly bored, I should rewrite this whole transaction section
|
||||
to use those terms and then get feedback to see if it actually helps. -harding -->
|
||||
|
||||
Transactions let users spend satoshis. Each transaction is constructed
|
||||
out of several parts which enable both simple direct payments and complex
|
||||
transactions. This section will describe each part and
|
||||
demonstrate how to use them together to build complete transactions.
|
||||
|
||||
To keep things simple, this section pretends coinbase transactions do
|
||||
not exist. Coinbase transactions can only be created by Bitcoin miners
|
||||
and they're an exception to many of the rules listed below. Instead of
|
||||
pointing out the coinbase exception to each rule, we invite you to read
|
||||
about coinbase transactions in the block chain section of this guide.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
The figure above shows the core parts of a Bitcoin transaction. Each
|
||||
transaction has at least one input and one output. Each [input][]{:#term-input}{:.term} spends the
|
||||
satoshis paid to a previous output. Each [output][]{:#term-output}{:.term} then waits as an Unspent
|
||||
Transaction Output (UTXO) until a later input spends it. When your
|
||||
Bitcoin wallet tells you that you have a 10,000 satoshi balance, it really
|
||||
means that you have 10,000 satoshis waiting in one or more UTXOs.
|
||||
|
||||
Each transaction is prefixed by a four-byte [transaction version number][]{:#term-transaction-version-number}{:.term} which tells
|
||||
Bitcoin peers and miners which set of rules to use to validate it. This
|
||||
lets developers create new rules for future transactions without
|
||||
invalidating previous transactions.
|
||||
|
||||
The figures below help illustrate the other transaction features by
|
||||
showing the workflow Alice uses to send Bob a transaction and which Bob
|
||||
later uses to spend that transaction. Both Alice and Bob will use the
|
||||
most common form of the standard Pay-To-Public-Key-Hash (P2PKH) transaction
|
||||
type. [P2PKH][]{:#term-p2pkh}{:.term} lets Alice spend satoshis to a typical Bitcoin address,
|
||||
and then lets Bob further spend those satoshis using a simple
|
||||
cryptographic key pair.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
Bob must first generate a private/public [key pair][]{:#term-key-pair}{:.term} before Alice can create the
|
||||
first transaction. Standard Bitcoin [private keys][private
|
||||
key]{:#term-private-key}{:.term} are 256 bits of random
|
||||
data. A copy of that data is deterministically transformed into a [public
|
||||
key][]{:#term-public-key}{:.term}. Because the transformation can be reliably repeated later, the
|
||||
public key does not need to be stored.
|
||||
|
||||
The public key is then cryptographically hashed. This pubkey hash can
|
||||
also be reliably repeated later, so it also does not need to be stored.
|
||||
The hash shortens and obfuscates the public key, making manual
|
||||
transcription easier and providing security against
|
||||
unanticipated problems which might allow reconstruction of private keys
|
||||
from public key data at some later point.
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Editors: from here on I will typically use the terms "pubkey hash"
|
||||
and "full public key" to provide quick differentiation between the
|
||||
different states of a public key and to help the text better match the
|
||||
space-constrained diagrams where "public-key hash" wouldn't fit. -harding -->
|
||||
|
||||
Bob provides the [pubkey hash][]{:#term-pubkey-hash}{:.term} to Alice. Pubkey hashes are almost always
|
||||
sent encoded as Bitcoin [addresses][]{:#term-address}{:.term}, which are base58-encoded strings
|
||||
containing an address version number, the hash, and an error-detection
|
||||
checksum to catch typos. The address can be transmitted
|
||||
through any medium, including one-way mediums which prevent the spender
|
||||
from communicating with the receiver, and it can be further encoded
|
||||
into another format, such as a QR code containing a `bitcoin:`
|
||||
URI.
|
||||
|
||||
Once Alice has the address and decodes it back into a standard hash, she
|
||||
can create the first transaction. She creates a standard P2PKH
|
||||
transaction output containing instructions which allow anyone to spend that
|
||||
output if they can prove they control the private key corresponding to
|
||||
Bob's hashed public key. These instructions are called the output [script][]{:#term-script}{:.term}.
|
||||
|
||||
Alice broadcasts the transaction and it is added to the block chain.
|
||||
The network categorizes it as an Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO), and Bob's
|
||||
wallet software displays it as a spendable balance.
|
||||
|
||||
When, some time later, Bob decides to spend the UTXO, he must create an
|
||||
input which references the transaction Alice created by its hash, called
|
||||
a Transaction Identifier (txid), and the specific output she used by its
|
||||
index number ([output index][]{:#term-output-index}{:.term}). He must then create a [scriptSig][]{:#term-scriptsig}{:.term}---a
|
||||
collection of data parameters which satisfy the conditions Alice placed
|
||||
in the previous output's script.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
Bob does not need to communicate with Alice to do this; he must simply
|
||||
prove to the Bitcoin peer-to-peer network that he can satisfy the
|
||||
script's conditions. For a P2PKH-style output, Bob's scriptSig will
|
||||
contain the following two pieces of data:
|
||||
|
||||
1. His full (unhashed) public key, so the script can check that it
|
||||
hashes to the same value as the pubkey hash provided by Alice.
|
||||
|
||||
2. A [signature][]{:#term-signature}{:.term} made by using the ECDSA cryptographic formula to combine
|
||||
certain transaction data (described below) with Bob's private key.
|
||||
This lets the script verify that Bob owns the private key which
|
||||
created the public key.
|
||||
|
||||
Bob's signature doesn't just prove Bob controls his private key; it also
|
||||
makes the rest of his transaction tamper-proof so Bob can safely
|
||||
broadcast it over the peer-to-peer network.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
As illustrated in the figure above, the data Bob signs includes the
|
||||
txid and output index of the previous transaction, the previous
|
||||
output's script, the script Bob creates which will let the next
|
||||
recipient spend this transaction's output, and the amount of satoshis to
|
||||
spend to the next recipient. In essence, the entire transaction is
|
||||
signed except for any scriptSigs, which hold the full public keys and
|
||||
signatures.
|
||||
|
||||
After putting his signature and public key in the scriptSig, Bob
|
||||
broadcasts the transaction to Bitcoin miners through the peer-to-peer
|
||||
network. Each peer and miner independently validates the transaction
|
||||
before broadcasting it further or attempting to include it in a new block of
|
||||
transactions.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### P2PKH Script Validation
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
The validation procedure requires evaluation of the script. In a P2PKH
|
||||
output, the script is:
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <PubkeyHash> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
The spender's scriptSig is evaluated and prefixed to the beginning of the
|
||||
script. In a P2PKH transaction, the scriptSig contains a signature (sig)
|
||||
and full public key (pubkey), creating the following concatenation:
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
<Sig> <PubKey> OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <PubkeyHash> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
The script language is a
|
||||
[Forth-like](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_%28programming_language%29)
|
||||
[stack][]{:#term-stack}{:.term}-based language deliberately designed to be stateless and not
|
||||
Turing complete. Statelessness ensures that once a transaction is added
|
||||
to the block chain, there is no condition which renders it permanently
|
||||
unspendable. Turing-incompleteness (specifically, a lack of loops or
|
||||
gotos) makes the script language less flexible and more predictable,
|
||||
greatly simplifying the security model.
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Editors: please do not substitute for the words push or pop in
|
||||
sections about stacks. These are programming terms. Also "above",
|
||||
"below", "top", and "bottom" are commonly used relative directions or
|
||||
locations in stack descriptions. -harding -->
|
||||
|
||||
To test whether the transaction is valid, scriptSig and script arguments
|
||||
are pushed to the stack one item at a time, starting with Bob's scriptSig
|
||||
and continuing to the end of Alice's script. The figure below shows the
|
||||
evaluation of a standard P2PKH script; below the figure is a description
|
||||
of the process.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
* The signature (from Bob's scriptSig) is added (pushed) to an empty stack.
|
||||
Because it's just data, nothing is done except adding it to the stack.
|
||||
The public key (also from the scriptSig) is pushed on top of the signature.
|
||||
|
||||
* From Alice's script, the `OP_DUP` operation is pushed. `OP_DUP` replaces
|
||||
itself with a copy of the data from one level below it---in this
|
||||
case creating a copy of the public key Bob provided.
|
||||
|
||||
* The operation pushed next, `OP_HASH160`, replaces itself with a hash
|
||||
of the data from one level below it---in this case, Bob's public key.
|
||||
This creates a hash of Bob's public key.
|
||||
|
||||
* Alice's script then pushes the pubkey hash that Bob gave her for the
|
||||
first transaction. At this point, there should be two copies of Bob's
|
||||
pubkey hash at the top of the stack.
|
||||
|
||||
* Now it gets interesting: Alice's script adds `OP_EQUALVERIFY` to the
|
||||
stack. `OP_EQUALVERIFY` expands to `OP_EQUAL` and `OP_VERIFY` (not shown).
|
||||
|
||||
`OP_EQUAL` (not shown) checks the two values below it; in this
|
||||
case, it checks whether the pubkey hash generated from the full
|
||||
public key Bob provided equals the pubkey hash Alice provided when
|
||||
she created transaction #1. `OP_EQUAL` then replaces itself and
|
||||
the two values it compared with the result of that comparison:
|
||||
zero (*false*) or one (*true*).
|
||||
|
||||
`OP_VERIFY` (not shown) checks the value immediately below it. If
|
||||
the value is *false* it immediately terminates stack evaluation and
|
||||
the transaction validation fails. Otherwise it pops both itself and
|
||||
the *true* value off the stack.
|
||||
|
||||
* Finally, Alice's script pushes `OP_CHECKSIG`, which checks the
|
||||
signature Bob provided against the now-authenticated public key he
|
||||
also provided. If the signature matches the public key and was
|
||||
generated using all of the data required to be signed, `OP_CHECKSIG`
|
||||
replaces itself with *true.*
|
||||
|
||||
If *true* is at the top of the stack after the script has been
|
||||
evaluated, the transaction is valid (provided there are no other
|
||||
problems with it).
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### P2SH Scripts
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Output scripts are created by spenders who have little interest in the
|
||||
long-term security or usefulness of the particular satoshis they're
|
||||
currently spending. Receivers do care about the conditions imposed on
|
||||
the satoshis by the output script and, if they want, they can ask
|
||||
spenders to use a particular script. Unfortunately, custom scripts are
|
||||
less convenient than short Bitcoin addresses and more difficult to
|
||||
secure than P2PKH pubkey hashes.
|
||||
|
||||
To solve these problems, pay-to-script-hash
|
||||
([P2SH][]{:#term-p2sh}{:.term}) transactions were created in 2012 to let
|
||||
a spender create an output script containing a [hash of a second
|
||||
script][script hash]{:#term-script-hash}{:.term}, the
|
||||
[redeemScript][]{:#term-redeemscript}{:.term}.
|
||||
|
||||
The basic P2SH workflow, illustrated below, looks almost identical to
|
||||
the P2PKH workflow. Bob creates a redeemScript with whatever script he
|
||||
wants, hashes the redeemScript, and provides the redeemScript
|
||||
hash to Alice. Alice creates a P2SH-style output containing
|
||||
Bob's redeemScript hash.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
When Bob wants to spend the output, he provides his signature along with
|
||||
the full (serialized) redeemScript in the input scriptSig. The
|
||||
peer-to-peer network ensures the full redeemScript hashes to the same
|
||||
value as the script hash Alice put in her output; it then processes the
|
||||
redeemScript exactly as it would if it were the primary script, letting
|
||||
Bob spend the output if the redeemScript returns true.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
The hash of the redeemScript has the same properties as a pubkey
|
||||
hash---so it can be transformed into the standard Bitcoin address format
|
||||
with only one small change to differentiate it from a standard address.
|
||||
This makes collecting a P2SH-style address as simple as collecting a
|
||||
P2PKH-style address. The hash also obfuscates any public keys in the
|
||||
redeemScript, so P2SH scripts are as secure as P2PKH pubkey hashes.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Standard Transactions
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
After the discovery of several dangerous bugs in early versions of
|
||||
Bitcoin, a test was added which only accepted transactions from the
|
||||
network if they had an output script which matched a small set of
|
||||
believed-to-be-safe templates and if the rest of the transaction didn't
|
||||
violate another small set of rules enforcing good network behavior. This
|
||||
is the `isStandard()` test, and transactions which pass it are called
|
||||
standard transactions.
|
||||
|
||||
Non-standard transactions---those that fail the test---may be accepted
|
||||
by nodes not using the default Bitcoin Core settings. If they are
|
||||
included in blocks, they will also avoid the isStandard test and be
|
||||
processed.
|
||||
|
||||
Besides making it more difficult for someone to attack Bitcoin for
|
||||
free by broadcasting harmful transactions, the standard transaction
|
||||
test also helps prevent users from creating transactions today that
|
||||
would make adding new transaction features in the future more
|
||||
difficult. For example, as described above, each transaction includes
|
||||
a version number---if users started arbitrarily changing the version
|
||||
number, it would become useless as a tool for introducing
|
||||
backwards-incompatible features.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
As of Bitcoin Core 0.9, the standard script types are:
|
||||
|
||||
**Pubkey Hash (P2PKH)**
|
||||
|
||||
P2PKH is the most common form of script used to send a transaction to one
|
||||
or multiple Bitcoin addresses.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
script: OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <PubKeyHash> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG
|
||||
scriptSig: <sig> <pubkey>
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Script Hash (P2SH)**
|
||||
|
||||
P2SH is used to send a transaction to a script hash. Each of the standard
|
||||
scripts can be used inside a P2SH redeemScript, but in practice only the
|
||||
multisig script makes sense until more transaction types are made standard.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
script: OP_HASH160 <redeemscripthash> OP_EQUAL
|
||||
scriptSig: <sig> [sig] [sig...] <redeemscript>
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Multisig**
|
||||
|
||||
Although P2SH multisig is now generally used for multisig transactions, this base script
|
||||
can be used to require multiple signatures before a UTXO can be spent.
|
||||
|
||||
In multisig scripts, called m-of-n, *m* is the *minimum* number of signatures
|
||||
which must match a public key; *n* is the *number* of public keys being
|
||||
provided. Both *m* and *n* should be op codes `OP_1` through `OP_16`,
|
||||
corresponding to the number desired.
|
||||
|
||||
Because of an off-by-one error in the original Bitcoin implementation
|
||||
which must be preserved for compatibility, `OP_CHECKMULTISIG`
|
||||
consumes one more value from the stack than indicated by *m*, so the
|
||||
list of signatures in the scriptSig must be prefaced with an extra value
|
||||
(`OP_0`) which will be consumed but not used.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
script: <m> <pubkey> [pubkey] [pubkey...] <n> OP_CHECKMULTISIG
|
||||
scriptSig: OP_0 <sig> [sig] [sig...]
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Although it’s not a separate transaction type, this is a P2SH multisig with 2-of-3:
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
script: OP_HASH160 <redeemscripthash> OP_EQUAL
|
||||
redeemScript: <OP_2> <pubkey> <pubkey> <pubkey> <OP_3> OP_CHECKMULTISIG
|
||||
scriptSig: OP_0 <sig> <sig> <redeemscript>
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Pubkey**
|
||||
|
||||
[Pubkey][]{:#term-pubkey}{:.term} scripts are a simplified form of the P2PKH script,
|
||||
but they aren’t as
|
||||
secure as P2PKH, so they generally
|
||||
aren’t used in new transactions anymore.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
script: <pubkey> OP_CHECKSIG
|
||||
scriptSig: <sig>
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Null Data**
|
||||
|
||||
[Null data][]{:#term-null-data}{:.term} scripts let you add a small amount of arbitrary data to the block
|
||||
chain in exchange for paying a transaction fee, but doing so is discouraged.
|
||||
(Null data is a standard script type only because some people were adding data
|
||||
to the block chain in more harmful ways.)
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
script: OP_RETURN <data>
|
||||
(Null data scripts cannot be spent, so there's no scriptSig)
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
#### Non-Standard Transactions
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
If you use anything besides a standard script in an output, peers
|
||||
and miners using the default Bitcoin Core settings will neither
|
||||
accept, broadcast, nor mine your transaction. When you try to broadcast
|
||||
your transaction to a peer running the default settings, you will
|
||||
receive an error.
|
||||
|
||||
If you create a redeemScript, hash it, and use the hash
|
||||
in a P2SH output, the network sees only the hash, so it will accept the
|
||||
output as valid no matter what the redeemScript says.
|
||||
This allows
|
||||
payment to non-standard output scripts almost as easily as payment to
|
||||
standard output scripts. However, when you go to
|
||||
spend that output, peers and miners using the default settings will
|
||||
check the redeemScript to see whether or not it's a standard output
|
||||
script. If it isn't, they won't process it further---so it will be
|
||||
impossible to spend that output until you find a miner who disables the
|
||||
default settings.
|
||||
|
||||
Note: standard transactions are designed to protect and help the
|
||||
network, not prevent you from making mistakes. It's easy to create
|
||||
standard transactions which make the satoshis sent to them unspendable.
|
||||
|
||||
As of Bitcoin Core 0.9, standard transactions must also meet the following
|
||||
conditions:
|
||||
|
||||
* The transaction must be finalized: either its locktime must be in the
|
||||
past (or less than or equal to the current block height), or all of its sequence
|
||||
numbers must be 0xffffffff.
|
||||
|
||||
* The transaction must be smaller than 100,000 bytes. That's around 200
|
||||
times larger than a typical single-input, single-output P2PKH
|
||||
transaction.
|
||||
|
||||
* Each of the transaction's inputs must be smaller than 500 bytes.
|
||||
That's large enough to allow 3-of-3 multisig transactions in P2SH.
|
||||
Multisig transactions which require more than 3 public keys are
|
||||
currently non-standard.
|
||||
|
||||
* The transaction's scriptSig must only push data to the script
|
||||
evaluation stack. It cannot push new OP codes, with the exception of
|
||||
OP codes which solely push data to the stack.
|
||||
|
||||
* The transaction must not include any outputs which receive fewer than
|
||||
the defined minimum number of satoshis, currently 546.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Signature Hash Types
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
`OP_CHECKSIG` extracts a non-stack argument from each signature it
|
||||
evaluates, allowing the signer to decide which parts of the transaction
|
||||
to sign. Since the signature protects those parts of the transaction
|
||||
from modification, this lets signers selectively choose to let other
|
||||
people modify their transactions.
|
||||
|
||||
The various options for what to sign are
|
||||
called [signature hash][]{:#term-signature-hash}{:.term} types. There are three base SIGHASH types
|
||||
currently available:
|
||||
|
||||
* [`SIGHASH_ALL`][sighash_all]{:#term-sighash-all}{:.term}, the default, signs all the inputs and outputs,
|
||||
protecting everything except the scriptSigs against modification.
|
||||
|
||||
* [`SIGHASH_NONE`][sighash_none]{:#term-sighash-none}{:.term} signs all of the inputs but none of the outputs,
|
||||
allowing anyone to change where the satoshis are going unless other
|
||||
signatures using other signature hash flags protect the outputs.
|
||||
|
||||
* [`SIGHASH_SINGLE`][sighash_single]{:#term-sighash-single}{:.term} signs only this input and only one corresponding
|
||||
output (the output with the same output index number as the input), ensuring
|
||||
nobody can change your part of the transaction but allowing other
|
||||
signers to change their part of the transaction. The corresponding
|
||||
output must exist or the value "1" will be signed, breaking the security
|
||||
scheme.
|
||||
|
||||
The base types can be modified with the [`SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY`][shacp]{:#term-sighash-anyonecanpay}{:.term} (anyone can
|
||||
pay) flag, creating three new combined types:
|
||||
|
||||
* [`SIGHASH_ALL|SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY`][sha_shacp]{:#term-sighash-all-sighash-anyonecanpay}{:.term} signs all of the outputs but only
|
||||
this one input, and it also allows anyone to add or remove other
|
||||
inputs, so anyone can contribute additional satoshis but they cannot
|
||||
change how many satoshis are sent nor where they go.
|
||||
|
||||
* [`SIGHASH_NONE|SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY`][shn_shacp]{:#term-sighash-none-sighash-anyonecanpay}{:.term} signs only this one input and
|
||||
allows anyone to add or remove other inputs or outputs, so anyone who
|
||||
gets a copy of this input can spend it however they'd like.
|
||||
|
||||
* [`SIGHASH_SINGLE|SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY`][shs_shacp]{:#term-sighash-single-sighash-anyonecanpay}{:.term} signs only this input and only
|
||||
one corresponding output, but it also allows anyone to add or remove
|
||||
other inputs.
|
||||
|
||||
Because each input is signed, a transaction with multiple inputs can
|
||||
have multiple signature hash types signing different parts of the transaction. For
|
||||
example, a single-input transaction signed with `NONE` could have its
|
||||
output changed by the miner who adds it to the block chain. On the other
|
||||
hand, if a two-input transaction has one input signed with `NONE` and
|
||||
one input signed with `ALL`, the `ALL` signer can choose where to spend
|
||||
the satoshis without consulting the `NONE` signer---but nobody else can
|
||||
modify the transaction.
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- TODO: describe useful combinations maybe using a 3x3 grid;
|
||||
do something similar for the multisig section with different hashtypes
|
||||
between different sigs -->
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- TODO: add to the technical section details about what the different
|
||||
hash types sign, including the procedure for inserting the subscript -->
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Locktime And Sequence Number
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
One thing all signature hash types sign is the transaction's [locktime][]{:#term-locktime}{:.term}.
|
||||
(Called nLockTime in the Bitcoin Core source code.)
|
||||
The locktime indicates the earliest time a transaction can be added to
|
||||
the block chain.
|
||||
|
||||
Locktime allows signers to create time-locked transactions which will
|
||||
only become valid in the future, giving the signers a chance to change
|
||||
their minds.
|
||||
|
||||
If any of the signers change their mind, they can create a new
|
||||
non-locktime transaction. The new transaction will use, as one of
|
||||
its inputs, one of the same outputs which was used as an input to
|
||||
the locktime transaction. This makes the locktime transaction
|
||||
invalid if the new transaction is added to the block chain before
|
||||
the time lock expires.
|
||||
|
||||
Care must be taken near the expiry time of a time lock. The peer-to-peer
|
||||
network allows block time to be up to two hours ahead of
|
||||
real time, so a locktime transaction can be added to the block chain up
|
||||
to two hours before its time lock officially expires. Also, blocks are
|
||||
not created at guaranteed intervals, so any attempt to cancel a valuable
|
||||
transaction should be made a few hours before the time lock expires.
|
||||
|
||||
Previous versions of Bitcoin Core provided a feature which prevented
|
||||
transaction signers from using the method described above to cancel a
|
||||
time-locked transaction, but a necessary part of this feature was
|
||||
disabled to prevent denial of service attacks. A legacy of this system are four-byte
|
||||
[sequence numbers][sequence number]{:#term-sequence-number}{:.term} in every input. Sequence numbers were meant to allow
|
||||
multiple signers to agree to update a transaction; when they finished
|
||||
updating the transaction, they could agree to set every input's
|
||||
sequence number to the four-byte unsigned maximum (0xffffffff),
|
||||
allowing the transaction to be added to a block even if its time lock
|
||||
had not expired.
|
||||
|
||||
Even today, setting all sequence numbers to 0xffffffff (the default in
|
||||
Bitcoin Core) can still disable the time lock, so if you want to use
|
||||
locktime, at least one input must have a sequence number below the
|
||||
maximum. Since sequence numbers are not used by the network for any
|
||||
other purpose, setting any sequence number to zero is sufficient to
|
||||
enable locktime.
|
||||
|
||||
Locktime itself is an unsigned 4-byte number which can be parsed two ways:
|
||||
|
||||
* If less than 500 million, locktime is parsed as a block height. The
|
||||
transaction can be added to any block which has this height or higher.
|
||||
|
||||
* If greater than or equal to 500 million, locktime is parsed using the
|
||||
Unix epoch time format (the number of seconds elapsed since
|
||||
1970-01-01T00:00 UTC---currently over 1.395 billion). The transaction
|
||||
can be added to any block whose block time is greater
|
||||
than the locktime.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Transaction Fees And Change
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Transactions typically pay transaction fees based on the total byte size
|
||||
of the signed transaction. The transaction fee is given to the
|
||||
Bitcoin miner, as explained in the [block chain section][block chain], and so it is
|
||||
ultimately up to each miner to choose the minimum transaction fee they
|
||||
will accept.
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- TODO: check: 50 KB or 50 KiB? Not that transactors care... -->
|
||||
|
||||
By default, miners reserve 50 KB of each block for [high-priority
|
||||
transactions][]{:#term-high-priority-transactions}{:.term} which spend satoshis that haven't been spent for a long
|
||||
time. The remaining space in each block is typically allocated to transactions
|
||||
based on their fee per byte, with higher-paying transactions being added
|
||||
in sequence until all of the available space is filled.
|
||||
|
||||
As of Bitcoin Core 0.9, transactions which do not count as high-priority transactions
|
||||
need to pay a [minimum fee][]{:#term-minimum-fee}{:.term} (currently 1,000 satoshis) to be
|
||||
broadcast across the network. Any transaction paying only the minimum fee
|
||||
should be prepared to wait a long time before there's enough spare space
|
||||
in a block to include it. Please see the [verifying payment section][section verifying payment]
|
||||
for why this could be important.
|
||||
|
||||
Since each transaction spends Unspent Transaction Outputs (UTXOs) and
|
||||
because a UTXO can only be spent once, the full value of the included
|
||||
UTXOs must be spent or given to a miner as a transaction fee. Few
|
||||
people will have UTXOs that exactly match the amount they want to pay,
|
||||
so most transactions include a change output.
|
||||
|
||||
[Change outputs][change output]{:#term-change-output}{:.term} are regular outputs which spend the surplus satoshis
|
||||
from the UTXOs back to the spender. They can reuse the same P2PKH pubkey hash
|
||||
or P2SH script hash as was used in the UTXO, but for the reasons
|
||||
described in the [next subsection](#avoiding-key-reuse), it is highly recommended that change
|
||||
outputs be sent to a new P2PKH or P2SH address.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Avoiding Key Reuse
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
In a transaction, the spender and receiver each reveal to each other all
|
||||
public keys or addresses used in the transaction. This allows either
|
||||
person to use the public block chain to track past and future
|
||||
transactions involving the other person's same public keys or addresses.
|
||||
|
||||
If the same public key is reused often, as happens when people use
|
||||
Bitcoin addresses (hashed public keys) as static payment addresses,
|
||||
other people can easily track the receiving and spending habits of that
|
||||
person, including how many satoshis they control in known addresses.
|
||||
|
||||
It doesn't have to be that way. If each public key is used exactly
|
||||
twice---once to receive a payment and once to spend that payment---the
|
||||
user can gain a significant amount of financial privacy.
|
||||
|
||||
Even better, using new public keys or [unique
|
||||
addresses][]{:#term-unique-address}{:.term} when accepting payments or creating
|
||||
change outputs can be combined with other techniques discussed later,
|
||||
such as CoinJoin or merge avoidance, to make it extremely difficult to
|
||||
use the block chain by itself to reliably track how users receive and
|
||||
spend their satoshis.
|
||||
|
||||
Avoiding key reuse can also provide security against attacks which might
|
||||
allow reconstruction of private keys from public keys (hypothesized) or
|
||||
from signature comparisons (possible today under certain circumstances
|
||||
described below, with more general attacks hypothesized).
|
||||
|
||||
1. Unique (non-reused) P2PKH and P2SH addresses protect against the first
|
||||
type of attack by keeping ECDSA public keys hidden (hashed) until the
|
||||
first time satoshis sent to those addresses are spent, so attacks
|
||||
are effectively useless unless they can reconstruct private keys in
|
||||
less than the hour or two it takes for a transaction to be well
|
||||
protected by the block chain.
|
||||
|
||||
2. Unique (non-reused) private keys protect against the second type of
|
||||
attack by only generating one signature per private key, so attackers
|
||||
never get a subsequent signature to use in comparison-based attacks.
|
||||
Existing comparison-based attacks are only practical today when
|
||||
insufficient entropy is used in signing or when the entropy used
|
||||
is exposed by some means, such as a
|
||||
[side-channel attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side_channel_attack).
|
||||
|
||||
So, for both privacy and security, we encourage you to build your
|
||||
applications to avoid public key reuse and, when possible, to discourage
|
||||
users from reusing addresses. If your application needs to provide a
|
||||
fixed URI to which payments should be sent, please see the
|
||||
[`bitcoin:` URI section][bitcoin URI subsection] below.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Transaction Malleability
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
None of Bitcoin's signature hash types protect the scriptSig, leaving
|
||||
the door open for a limited denial of service attack called [transaction
|
||||
malleability][]{:.term}{:#term-transaction-malleability}. The scriptSig
|
||||
contains the signature, which can't sign itself, allowing attackers to
|
||||
make non-functional modifications to a transaction without rendering it
|
||||
invalid. For example, an attacker can add some data to the scriptSig
|
||||
which will be dropped before the previous output script is processed.
|
||||
|
||||
Although the modifications are non-functional---so they do not change
|
||||
what inputs the transaction uses nor what outputs it pays---they do
|
||||
change the computed hash of the transaction. Since each transaction
|
||||
links to previous transactions using hashes as a transaction
|
||||
identifier (txid), a modified transaction will not have the txid its
|
||||
creator expected.
|
||||
|
||||
This isn't a problem for most Bitcoin transactions which are designed to
|
||||
be added to the block chain immediately. But it does become a problem
|
||||
when the output from a transaction is spent before that transaction is
|
||||
added to the block chain.
|
||||
|
||||
Bitcoin developers have been working to reduce transaction malleability
|
||||
among standard transaction types, but a complete fix is still only in
|
||||
the planning stages. At present, new transactions should not depend on
|
||||
previous transactions which have not been added to the block chain yet,
|
||||
especially if large amounts of satoshis are at stake.
|
||||
|
||||
Transaction malleability also affects payment tracking. Bitcoin Core's
|
||||
RPC interface lets you track transactions by their txid---but if that
|
||||
txid changes because the transaction was modified, it may appear that
|
||||
the transaction has disappeared from the network.
|
||||
|
||||
Current best practices for transaction tracking dictate that a
|
||||
transaction should be tracked by the transaction outputs (UTXOs) it
|
||||
spends as inputs, as they cannot be changed without invalidating the
|
||||
transaction.
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- TODO/harding: The paragraph above needs practical advice about how
|
||||
to do that. I'll need to find some time to look at somebody's wallet
|
||||
code. -harding -->
|
||||
|
||||
Best practices further dictate that if a transaction does seem to
|
||||
disappear from the network and needs to be reissued, that it be reissued
|
||||
in a way that invalidates the lost transaction. One method which will
|
||||
always work is to ensure the reissued payment spends all of the same
|
||||
outputs that the lost transaction used as inputs.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
666
_includes/guide_wallets.md
Normal file
666
_includes/guide_wallets.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,666 @@
|
|||
## Wallets
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
A Bitcoin wallet can refer to either a wallet program or a wallet file.
|
||||
Wallet programs create public keys to receive satoshis and use the
|
||||
corresponding private keys to spend those satoshis. Wallet files
|
||||
store private keys and (optionally) other information related to
|
||||
transactions for the wallet program.
|
||||
|
||||
Wallet programs and wallet files are addressed below in separate
|
||||
subsections, and this document attempts to always make it clear whether
|
||||
we're talking about wallet programs or wallet files.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Wallet Programs
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Permitting receiving and spending of satoshis is the only essential
|
||||
feature of wallet software---but a particular wallet program doesn't
|
||||
need to do both things. Two wallet programs can work together, one
|
||||
program distributing public keys in order to receive satoshis and
|
||||
another program signing transactions spending those satoshis.
|
||||
|
||||
Wallet programs also need to interact with the peer-to-peer network to
|
||||
get information from the block chain and to broadcast new transactions.
|
||||
However, the programs which distribute public keys or sign transactions
|
||||
don't need to interact with the peer-to-peer network themselves.
|
||||
|
||||
This leaves us with three necessary, but separable, parts of a wallet
|
||||
system: a public key distribution program, a signing program, and a
|
||||
networked program. In the subsections below, we will describe common
|
||||
combinations of these parts.
|
||||
|
||||
Note: we speak about distributing public keys generically. In many
|
||||
cases, P2PKH or P2SH hashes will be distributed instead of public keys,
|
||||
with the actual public keys only being distributed when the outputs
|
||||
they control are spent.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Full-Service Wallets
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
The simplest wallet is a program which performs all three functions: it
|
||||
generates private keys, derives the corresponding public keys, helps
|
||||
distribute those public keys as necessary, monitors for outputs spent to
|
||||
those public keys, creates and signs transactions spending those
|
||||
outputs, and broadcasts the signed transactions.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
As of this writing, almost all popular wallets can be used as
|
||||
full-service wallets.
|
||||
|
||||
The main advantage of full-service wallets is that they are easy to use.
|
||||
A single program does everything the user needs to receive and spend
|
||||
satoshis.
|
||||
|
||||
The main disadvantage of full-service wallets is that they store the
|
||||
private keys on a device connected to the Internet. The compromise of
|
||||
such devices is a common occurrence, and an Internet connection makes it
|
||||
easy to transmit private keys from a compromised device to an attacker.
|
||||
|
||||
To help protect against theft, many wallet programs offer users the
|
||||
option of encrypting the wallet files which contain the private keys.
|
||||
This protects the private keys when they aren't being used, but it
|
||||
cannot protect against an attack designed to capture the encryption
|
||||
key or to read the decrypted keys from memory.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Signing-Only Wallets
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
To increase security, private keys can be generated and stored by a
|
||||
separate wallet program operating in a more secure environment. These
|
||||
signing-only wallets work in conjunction with a networked wallet which
|
||||
interacts with the peer-to-peer network.
|
||||
|
||||
Signing-only wallets programs typically use deterministic key creation
|
||||
(described in a later subsection) to create parent private and public
|
||||
keys which can create child private and public keys.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
When first run, the signing-only wallet creates a parent private key and
|
||||
transfers the corresponding parent public key to the networked wallet.
|
||||
|
||||
The networked wallet uses the parent public key to derive child public
|
||||
keys, optionally helps distribute them, monitors for outputs spent to
|
||||
those public keys, creates unsigned transactions spending those outputs,
|
||||
and transfers the unsigned transactions to the signing-only wallet.
|
||||
|
||||
Often, users are given a chance to review the unsigned transactions' details
|
||||
(particularly the output details) using the signing-only wallet.
|
||||
|
||||
After the optional review step, the offline wallet uses the parent
|
||||
private key to derive the appropriate child private keys and signs the
|
||||
transactions, giving the signed transactions back to the networked wallet.
|
||||
|
||||
The networked wallet then broadcasts the signed transactions to the
|
||||
peer-to-peer network.
|
||||
|
||||
The following subsections describe the two most common variants of
|
||||
signing-only wallets: offline wallets and hardware wallets.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
##### Offline Wallets
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Several full-service wallets programs will also operate as two separate
|
||||
wallets: one program instance acting as a signing-only wallet (often called an
|
||||
"offline wallet") and the other program instance acting as the networked
|
||||
wallet (often called an "online wallet" or "watching-only wallet").
|
||||
|
||||
The offline wallet is so named because it is intended to be run on a
|
||||
device which does not connect to any network, greatly reducing the
|
||||
number of attack vectors. If this is the case, it is usually up to the
|
||||
user to handle all data transfer using removable media such as USB
|
||||
drives. The user's workflow is something like:
|
||||
|
||||
1. (Offline) Disable all network connections on a device and install the wallet
|
||||
software. Start the wallet software in offline mode to create the
|
||||
parent private and public keys. Copy the parent public key to
|
||||
removable media.
|
||||
|
||||
2. (Online) Install the wallet software on another device, this one
|
||||
connected to the Internet, and import the parent public key from the
|
||||
removable media. As you would with a full-service wallet, distribute
|
||||
public keys to receive payment. When ready to spend satoshis, fill in
|
||||
the output details and save the unsigned transaction generated by the
|
||||
wallet to removable media.
|
||||
|
||||
3. (Offline) Open the unsigned transaction in the offline instance,
|
||||
review the output details to make sure they spend the correct
|
||||
amount to the correct address. This prevents malware on the online
|
||||
wallet from tricking the user into signing a transaction which pays
|
||||
an attacker. After review, sign the transaction and save it to
|
||||
removable media.
|
||||
|
||||
4. (Online) Open the signed transaction in the online instance so it can
|
||||
broadcast it to the peer-to-peer network.
|
||||
|
||||
The primary advantage of offline wallets is their possibility for
|
||||
greatly improved security over full-service wallets. As long as the
|
||||
offline wallet is not compromised (or flawed) and the user reviews all outgoing
|
||||
transactions before signing, the user's satoshis are safe even if the
|
||||
online wallet is compromised.
|
||||
|
||||
The primary disadvantage of offline wallets is hassle. For maximum
|
||||
security, they require the user dedicate a device to only offline tasks.
|
||||
The offline device must be booted up whenever funds are to be spent, and
|
||||
the user must physically copy data from the online device to the offline
|
||||
device and back.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
##### Hardware Wallets
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Hardware wallets are devices dedicated to running a signing-only wallet.
|
||||
Their dedication lets them eliminate many of the vulnerabilities
|
||||
present in operating systems designed for general use, allowing them
|
||||
to safely communicate directly with other devices so users don't need to
|
||||
transfer data manually. The user's workflow is something like:
|
||||
|
||||
1. (Hardware) Create parent private and public keys. Connect hardware
|
||||
wallet to a networked device so it can get the parent public key.
|
||||
|
||||
2. (Networked) As you would with a full-service wallet, distribute
|
||||
public keys to receive payment. When ready to spend satoshis, fill in
|
||||
the transaction details, connect the hardware wallet, and click
|
||||
Spend. The networked wallet will automatically send the transaction
|
||||
details to the hardware wallet.
|
||||
|
||||
3. (Hardware) Review the transaction details on the hardware wallet's
|
||||
screen. Some hardware wallets may prompt for a passphrase or PIN
|
||||
number. The hardware wallet signs the transaction and uploads it to
|
||||
the networked wallet.
|
||||
|
||||
4. (Networked) The networked wallet receives the signed transaction from
|
||||
the hardware wallet and broadcasts it to the network.
|
||||
|
||||
The primary advantage of hardware wallets is their possibility for
|
||||
greatly improved security over full-service wallets with much less
|
||||
hassle than offline wallets.
|
||||
|
||||
The primary disadvantage of hardware wallets is their hassle. Even
|
||||
though the hassle is less than that of offline wallets, the user must
|
||||
still purchase a hardware wallet device and carry it with them whenever
|
||||
they need to make a transaction using the signing-only wallet.
|
||||
|
||||
An additional (hopefully temporary) disadvantage is that, as of this
|
||||
writing, very few popular wallet programs support hardware
|
||||
wallets---although almost all popular wallet programs have announced
|
||||
their intention to support at least one model of hardware wallet.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Distributing-Only Wallets
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Wallet programs which run in difficult-to-secure environments, such as
|
||||
webservers, can be designed to distribute public keys (including P2PKH
|
||||
or P2SH addresses) and nothing more. There are two common ways to
|
||||
design these minimalist wallets:
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
* Pre-populate a database with a number of public keys or addresses, and
|
||||
then distribute on request an output script or address using one of
|
||||
the database entries. To [avoid key reuse][devguide avoiding key
|
||||
reuse], webservers should keep track
|
||||
of used keys and never run out of public keys. This can be made easier
|
||||
by using parent public keys as suggested in the next method.
|
||||
|
||||
* Use a parent public key to create child public keys. To avoid key
|
||||
reuse, a method must be used to ensure the same public key isn't
|
||||
distributed twice. This can be a database entry for each key
|
||||
distributed or an incrementing pointer to the current child key
|
||||
index number.
|
||||
|
||||
Neither method adds a significant amount of overhead, especially if a
|
||||
database is used anyway to associate each incoming payment with a
|
||||
separate public key for payment tracking. See the [Payment
|
||||
Processing][devguide payment processing] section for details.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Wallet Files
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Bitcoin wallets at their core are a collection of private keys. These
|
||||
collections are stored digitally in a file, or can even be physically
|
||||
stored on pieces of paper.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Private Key Formats
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Private keys are what are used to unlock satoshis from a particular address. In Bitcoin, a private key in standard format is simply a 256-bit number, between the values:
|
||||
|
||||
0x1 and 0xFFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFE BAAE DCE6 AF48 A03B BFD2 5E8C D036 4141, representing nearly the entire range of 2<sup>256</sup>-1 values. The range is governed by the secp256k1 ECDSA encryption standard used by Bitcoin.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
##### Wallet Import Format (WIF)
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
In order to make copying of private keys less prone to error, [Wallet Import Format][]{:#term-wallet-import-format}{:.term} may be utilized. WIF uses base58Check encoding on an private key, greatly decreasing the chance of copying error, much like standard Bitcoin addresses.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Take a private key.
|
||||
|
||||
2. Add a 0x80 byte in front of it for mainnet addresses or 0xef for testnet addresses.
|
||||
|
||||
3. Append a 0x01 byte after it if it should be used with compressed
|
||||
public keys (described in a later subsection). Nothing is appended if
|
||||
it is used with uncompressed public keys.
|
||||
|
||||
4. Perform a SHA-256 hash on the extended key.<!--noref-->
|
||||
|
||||
5. Perform a SHA-256 hash on result of SHA-256 hash.
|
||||
|
||||
6. Take the first four bytes of the second SHA-256 hash; this is the checksum.
|
||||
|
||||
7. Add the four checksum bytes from point 5 at the end of the extended key<!--noref--> from point 2.
|
||||
|
||||
8. Convert the result from a byte string into a Base58 string using Base58Check encoding.
|
||||
|
||||
The process is easily reversible, using the Base58 decoding function, and removing the padding.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
##### Mini Private Key Format
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Mini private key format is a method for encoding a private key in under 30 characters, enabling keys to be embedded in a small physical space, such as physical bitcoin tokens, and more damage-resistant QR codes.
|
||||
|
||||
1. The first character of mini keys is 'S'.
|
||||
|
||||
2. In order to determine if a mini private key is well-formatted, a question mark is added to the private key.
|
||||
|
||||
3. The SHA256 hash is calculated. If the first byte produced is a `00’, it is well-formatted. This key restriction acts as a typo-checking mechanism. A user brute forces the process using random numbers until a well-formatted mini private key is produced.
|
||||
|
||||
4. In order to derive the full private key, the user simply takes a single SHA256 hash of the original mini private key. This process is one-way: it is intractable to compute the mini private key format from the derived key.
|
||||
|
||||
Many implementations disallow the character '1' in the mini private key due to its visual similarity to 'l'.
|
||||
|
||||
**Resource:** A common tool to create and redeem these keys is the [Casascius Bitcoin Address Utility][casascius
|
||||
address utility].
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Public Key Formats
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Bitcoin ECDSA public keys represent a point on a particular Elliptic
|
||||
Curve (EC) defined in secp256k1. In their traditional uncompressed form,
|
||||
public keys contain an identification byte, a 32-byte X coordinate, and
|
||||
a 32-byte Y coordinate. The extremely simplified illustration below
|
||||
shows such a point on the elliptic curve used by Bitcoin,
|
||||
x<sup>2</sup> = y<sup>3</sup> + 7, over a field of
|
||||
contiguous numbers.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
(Secp256k1 actually modulos coordinates by a large prime, which produces a
|
||||
field of non-contiguous integers and a significantly less clear plot,
|
||||
although the principles are the same.)
|
||||
|
||||
An almost 50% reduction in public key size can be realized without
|
||||
changing any fundamentals by dropping the Y coordinate. This is possible
|
||||
because only two points along the curve share any particular X
|
||||
coordinate, so the 32-byte Y coordinate can be replaced with a single
|
||||
bit indicating whether the point is on what appears in the illustration
|
||||
as the "top" side or the "bottom" side.
|
||||
|
||||
No data is lost by creating these compressed public keys---only a small
|
||||
amount of CPU is necessary to reconstruct the Y coordinate and access
|
||||
the uncompressed public key. Both uncompressed and compressed public
|
||||
keys are described in official secp256k1 documentation and supported by
|
||||
default in the widely-used OpenSSL library.
|
||||
|
||||
Because they're easy to use, and because they reduce almost by half
|
||||
the block chain space used to store public keys for every spent output,
|
||||
compressed public keys are the default in Bitcoin Core and are the
|
||||
recommended default for all Bitcoin software.
|
||||
|
||||
However, Bitcoin Core prior to 0.6 used uncompressed keys. This creates
|
||||
a few complications, as the hashed form of an uncompressed key is
|
||||
different than the hashed form of a compressed key, so the same key
|
||||
works with two different P2PKH addresses. This also means that the key
|
||||
must be submitted in the correct format in the input scriptSig so it
|
||||
matches the hash in the previous output script.
|
||||
|
||||
For this reason, Bitcoin Core uses several different identifier bytes to
|
||||
help programs identify how keys should be used:
|
||||
|
||||
* Private keys meant to be used with compressed public keys have 0x01
|
||||
appended to them before being Base-58 encoded. (See the private key
|
||||
encoding section above.)
|
||||
|
||||
* Uncompressed public keys start with 0x04; compressed public keys begin
|
||||
with 0x03 or 0x02 depending on whether they're greater or less than
|
||||
the midpoint of the curve. These prefix bytes are all used in
|
||||
official secp256k1 documentation.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Hierarchical Deterministic Key Creation
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
For consistent word ordering:
|
||||
[normal|hardened|] [master|parent|child|grandchild] [extended|non-extended|] [private|public|chain] [key|code]
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
The hierarchical deterministic key creation and transfer protocol ([HD
|
||||
protocol][]{:#term-hd-protocol}{:.term}) greatly simplifies wallet
|
||||
backups, eliminates the need for repeated communication between multiple
|
||||
programs using the same wallet, permits creation of child accounts which
|
||||
can operate independently, gives each parent account the ability to
|
||||
monitor or control its children even if the child account is
|
||||
compromised, and divides each account into full-access and
|
||||
restricted-access parts so untrusted users or programs can be allowed to
|
||||
receive or monitor payments without being able to spend them.
|
||||
|
||||
The HD protocol takes advantage of the ECDSA public key creation
|
||||
function, [`point()`][point function]{:#term-point-function}{:.term},
|
||||
which takes a large integer (the private key) and turns it into a graph
|
||||
point (the public key):
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
point(private_key) == public_key
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Because of the way `point()` functions, it's possible to create a [child
|
||||
public key][]{:#term-child-public-key}{:.term} by combining an
|
||||
existing [(parent) public key][parent public
|
||||
key]{:#term-parent-public-key}{:.term} with another public key created from any
|
||||
integer (*i*) value. This child public key is the same public key which
|
||||
would be created by the `point()` function if you added the *i* value to
|
||||
the original (parent) private key and then found the remainder of that
|
||||
sum divided by a global constant used by all Bitcoin software (*G*):
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
point( (parent_private_key + i) % G ) == parent_public_key + point(i)
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
This means that two or more independent programs which agree on a
|
||||
sequence of integers can create a series of unique [child key][]{:#term-child-key}{:.term} pairs from
|
||||
a single [parent key][]{:#term-parent-key}{:.term} pair without any further communication.
|
||||
Moreover, the program which distributes new public keys for receiving
|
||||
payment can do so without any access to the private keys, allowing the
|
||||
public key distribution program to run on a possibly-insecure platform such as
|
||||
a public web server.
|
||||
|
||||
Child public keys can also create their own child public keys
|
||||
(grandchild public keys) by repeating the child key derivation
|
||||
operations:
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
point( (child_private_key + i) % G ) == child_public_key + point(i)
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Whether creating child public keys or further-descended public keys, a
|
||||
predictable sequence of integer values would be no better than using a
|
||||
single public key for all transactions, as anyone who knew one child
|
||||
public key could find all of the other child public keys created from
|
||||
the same parent public key. Instead, a random seed can be used to
|
||||
deterministically generate the sequence of integer values so that the
|
||||
relationship between the child public keys is invisible to anyone
|
||||
without that seed.
|
||||
|
||||
The HD protocol uses a single root seed to create a hierarchy of
|
||||
child, grandchild, and other descended keys with unlinkable
|
||||
deterministically-generated integer values. Each child key also gets
|
||||
a deterministically-generated seed from its parent, called a [chain
|
||||
code][]{:#term-chain-code}{:.term}, so the compromising of one chain
|
||||
code doesn't necessary compromise the integer sequence for the whole
|
||||
hierarchy, allowing the [master chain
|
||||
code][]{:#term-master-chain-code}{:.term} to continue being useful
|
||||
even if, for example, a web-based public key distribution program
|
||||
gets hacked.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
As illustrated above, HD key derivation takes four inputs<!--noref-->:
|
||||
|
||||
* The *[parent private key][]{:#term-parent-private-key}{:.term}* and
|
||||
*parent public key* are regular uncompressed 256-bit ECDSA keys.
|
||||
|
||||
* The [parent chain code][]{:#term-parent-chain-code}{:.term} is 256
|
||||
bits of seemingly-random data.
|
||||
|
||||
* The [index][key index]{:#term-key-index}{:.term} number is a 32-bit integer specified by the program.
|
||||
|
||||
In the normal form shown in the above illustration, the parent chain
|
||||
code, the parent public key, and the index number are fed into a one-way cryptographic hash
|
||||
([HMAC-SHA512][]) to produce 512 bits of
|
||||
deterministically-generated-but-seemingly-random data. The
|
||||
seemingly-random 256 bits on the righthand side of the hash output are
|
||||
used as a new child chain code. The seemingly-random 256 bits on the
|
||||
lefthand side of the hash output are used as the integer value to be combined
|
||||
with either the parent private key or parent public key to,
|
||||
respectively, create either a child private key or child public key:
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
point( (parent_private_key + lefthand_hash_output) % G ) == child_public_key
|
||||
point(child_private_key) == parent_public_key + point(lefthand_hash_output)
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Specifying different index numbers will create different unlinkable
|
||||
child keys from the same parent keys. Repeating the procedure for the
|
||||
child keys using the child chain code will create unlinkable grandchild keys.
|
||||
|
||||
Because creating child keys requires both a key and a chain code, the
|
||||
key and chain code together are called the [extended
|
||||
key][]{:#term-extended-key}{:.term}. An [extended private
|
||||
key][]{:#term-extended-private-key}{:.term} and its corresponding
|
||||
[extended public key][]{:#term-extended-public-key}{:.term} have the
|
||||
same chain code. The (top-level parent) [master private
|
||||
key][]{:#term-master-private-key}{:.term} and master chain
|
||||
code are derived from random data,
|
||||
as illustrated below.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
A [root seed][]{:#term-root-seed}{:.term} is created from either 128
|
||||
bits, 256 bits, or 512 bits of random data. This root seed of as little
|
||||
as 128 bits is the the only data the user needs to backup in order to
|
||||
derive every key created by a particular wallet program using
|
||||
particular settings.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
**Warning:** As of this writing, HD wallet programs are not expected to
|
||||
be fully compatible, so users must only use the same HD wallet program
|
||||
with the same HD-related settings for a particular root seed.
|
||||
|
||||
The root seed is hashed to create 512 bits of seemingly-random data,
|
||||
from which the master private key and master chain code are created
|
||||
(together, the master extended private key). The master public key is
|
||||
derived from the master private key using `point()`, which, together
|
||||
with the master chain code, is the master extended public
|
||||
key. The master extended keys are functionally equivalent to other
|
||||
extended keys; it is only their location at the top of the hierarchy
|
||||
which makes them special.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
##### Hardened Keys
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Hardened extended keys fix a potential problem with normal extended keys.
|
||||
If an attacker gets a normal parent
|
||||
chain code and parent public key, he can brute-force all chain
|
||||
codes deriving from it. If the attacker also obtains a child, grandchild, or
|
||||
further-descended private key, he can use the chain code to generate all
|
||||
of the extended private keys descending from that private key, as
|
||||
shown in the grandchild and great-grandchild generations of the illustration below.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
Perhaps worse, the attacker can reverse the normal child private key
|
||||
derivation formula and subtract a parent chain code from a child private
|
||||
key to recover the parent private key, as shown in the child and
|
||||
parent generations of the illustration above. This means an attacker
|
||||
who acquires an extended public key and any private key descended from
|
||||
it can recover that public key's private key and all keys descended from
|
||||
it.
|
||||
|
||||
For this reason, the chain code part of an extended public key should be
|
||||
better secured than standard public keys and users should be advised
|
||||
against exporting even non-extended private keys to
|
||||
possibly-untrustworthy environments.
|
||||
|
||||
This can be fixed, with some tradeoffs, by replacing the the normal
|
||||
key derivation formula with a hardened key derivation formula.
|
||||
|
||||
The normal key derivation formula, described in the section above, combines
|
||||
together the index number, the parent chain code, and the parent public key to create the
|
||||
child chain code and the integer value which is combined with the parent
|
||||
private key to create the child private key.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
The hardened formula, illustrated above, combines together the index
|
||||
number, the parent chain code, and the parent private key to create
|
||||
the data used to generate the child chain code and child private key.
|
||||
This formula makes it impossible to create child public keys without
|
||||
knowing the parent private key. In other words, parent extended public
|
||||
keys can't create hardened child public keys.
|
||||
|
||||
Because of that, a [hardened extended private
|
||||
key][]{:#term-hardened-extended-private-key}{:.term} is much less
|
||||
useful than a normal extended private key---however,
|
||||
hardened extended private keys create a firewall through which
|
||||
multi-level key derivation compromises cannot happen. Because hardened
|
||||
child extended public keys cannot generate grandchild chain codes on
|
||||
their own, the compromise of a parent extended public key cannot be
|
||||
combined with the compromise of a grandchild private key to create
|
||||
great-grandchild extended private keys.
|
||||
|
||||
The HD protocol uses different index numbers to indicate
|
||||
whether a normal or hardened key should be generated. Index numbers from
|
||||
0x00 to 0x7fffffff (0 to 2<sup>31</sup>-1) will generate a normal key; index
|
||||
numbers from 0x80000000 to 0xffffffff will generate a hardened key. To
|
||||
make descriptions easy, many developers use the [prime symbol][] to indicate
|
||||
hardened keys, so the first normal key (0x00) is 0 and the first hardened
|
||||
key (0x80000000) is 0´.
|
||||
|
||||
(Bitcoin developers typically use the ASCII apostrophe rather than
|
||||
the unicode prime symbol, a convention we will henceforth follow.)
|
||||
|
||||
This compact description is further combined with slashes prefixed by
|
||||
*m* or *M* to indicate hierarchy and key type, with *m* being a private
|
||||
key and *M* being a public key. For example, m/0'/0/122' refers to the
|
||||
123rd hardened private child (by index number) of the first normal child
|
||||
(by index) of the first hardened child (by index) of the master private
|
||||
key. The following hierarchy illustrates prime notation and hardened key
|
||||
firewalls.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
Wallets following the BIP32 HD protocol only create hardened children of
|
||||
the master private key (*m*) to prevent a compromised child key from
|
||||
compromising the master key. As there are no normal children for the
|
||||
master keys, the master public key is not used in HD wallets. All other
|
||||
keys can have normal children, so the corresponding extended public keys
|
||||
may be used instead.
|
||||
|
||||
The HD protocol also describes a serialization format for extended
|
||||
public keys and extended private keys. For details, please see the
|
||||
[wallet section in the developer reference][devref wallets] or BIP32
|
||||
for the full HD protocol specification.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
##### Storing Root Seeds
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Root seeds in the HD protocol are 128, 256, or 512 bits of random data
|
||||
which must be backed up precisely. To make it more convenient to use
|
||||
non-digital backup methods, such as memorization or hand-copying, BIP39
|
||||
defines a method for creating a 512-bit root seed from a pseudo-sentence
|
||||
(mnemonic) of common natural-language words which was itself created
|
||||
from 128 to 256 bits of entropy and optionally protected by a password.
|
||||
|
||||
The number of words generated correlates to the amount of entropy used:
|
||||
|
||||
| Entropy Bits | Words |
|
||||
|--------------|--------|
|
||||
| 128 | 12 |
|
||||
| 160 | 15 |
|
||||
| 192 | 18 |
|
||||
| 224 | 21 |
|
||||
| 256 | 24 |
|
||||
|
||||
The passphrase can be of any length. It is simply appended to the mnemonic
|
||||
pseudo-sentence, and then both the mnemonic and password are hashed
|
||||
2,048 times using HMAC-SHA512, resulting in a seemingly-random 512-bit seed. Because any
|
||||
input<!--noref--> to the hash function creates a seemingly-random 512-bit seed,
|
||||
there is no fundamental way to prove the user entered the correct
|
||||
password, possibly allowing the user to protect a seed even when under
|
||||
duress.
|
||||
|
||||
For implementation details, please see BIP39.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Loose-Key Wallets
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Loose-Key wallets, also called "Just a Bunch Of Keys (JBOK)", are a deprecated form of wallet that originated from the Bitcoin Core client wallet. The Bitcoin Core client wallet would create 100 private key/public key pairs automatically via a Pseudo-Random-Number Generator (PRNG) for later use.
|
||||
|
||||
These unused private keys are stored in a virtual "key pool", with new
|
||||
keys being generated whenever a previously-generated key was used,
|
||||
ensuring the pool maintained 100 unused keys. (If the wallet is
|
||||
encrypted, new keys are only generated while the wallet is unlocked.)
|
||||
|
||||
This created considerable difficulty<!--noref--> in backing up one’s keys, considering backups have to be run manually to save the newly-generated private keys. If a new key pair set is generated, used, and then lost prior to a backup, the stored satoshis are likely lost forever. Many older-style mobile wallets followed a similar format, but only generated a new private key upon user demand.
|
||||
|
||||
This wallet type is being actively phased out and discouraged from being used due to the backup hassle.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
95
_includes/ref_block_chain.md
Normal file
95
_includes/ref_block_chain.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
|
|||
## Block Chain
|
||||
|
||||
The following subsections briefly document core block details.
|
||||
|
||||
### Block Contents
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
This section describes [version 2 blocks][v2 block]{:#term-v2-block}{:.term}, which are any blocks with a
|
||||
block height greater than 227,835. (Version 1 and version 2 blocks were
|
||||
intermingled for some time before that point.) Future block versions may
|
||||
break compatibility with the information in this section. You can determine
|
||||
the version of any block by checking its `version` field using
|
||||
bitcoind RPC calls.
|
||||
|
||||
As of version 2 blocks, each block consists of four root elements:
|
||||
|
||||
1. A [magic number][block header magic]{:#term-block-header-magic}{:.term} (0xd9b4bef9).
|
||||
|
||||
2. A 4-byte unsigned integer indicating how many bytes follow until the
|
||||
end of the block. Although this field would suggest maximum block
|
||||
sizes of 4 GiB, max block size is currently capped at 1 MiB and the
|
||||
default max block size (used by most miners) is 350 KiB (although
|
||||
this will likely increase over time).
|
||||
|
||||
3. An 80-byte block header described in the section below.
|
||||
|
||||
4. One or more transactions.
|
||||
|
||||
The first transaction in a block must be a [coinbase transaction][]{:#term-coinbase-tx}{:.term} which should collect and
|
||||
spend any transaction fees paid by transactions included in this block.
|
||||
All blocks with a block height less than 6,930,000 are entitled to
|
||||
receive a [block reward][]{:#term-block-reward}{:.term} of newly created bitcoin value, which also
|
||||
should be spent in the coinbase transaction. (The block reward started
|
||||
at 50 bitcoins and is being halved every 210,000 blocks---approximately once every four years. As of
|
||||
June 2014, it's 25 bitcoins.) A coinbase transaction is invalid if it
|
||||
tries to spend more value than is available from the transaction
|
||||
fees and block reward.
|
||||
|
||||
The coinbase transaction has the same basic format as any other
|
||||
transaction, but it references a single non-existent UTXO and a special
|
||||
[coinbase field][]{:#term-coinbase-field}{:.term} replaces the field that would normally hold a scriptSig and
|
||||
signature. In version 2 blocks, the coinbase parameter must begin with
|
||||
the current block's block height and may contain additional arbitrary
|
||||
data or a script up to a maximum total of 100 bytes.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### Block Header
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
The 80-byte block header contains the following six fields:
|
||||
|
||||
| Field | Bytes | Format |
|
||||
|-------------------|--------|--------------------------------|
|
||||
| 1. Version | 4 | Unsigned Int |
|
||||
| 2. hashPrevBlock | 32 | Unsigned Int (SHA256 Hash) |
|
||||
| 3. hashMerkleRoot | 32 | Unsigned Int (SHA256 Hash) |
|
||||
| 4. Time | 4 | Unsigned Int (Epoch Time) |
|
||||
| 5. Bits | 4 | Internal Bitcoin Target Format |
|
||||
| 6. Nonce | 4 | (Arbitrary Data) |
|
||||
|
||||
1. The *[block version][]{:#term-block-version}{:.term}* number indicates which set of block validation rules
|
||||
to follow so Bitcoin Core developers can add features or
|
||||
fix bugs. As of block height 227,836, all blocks use version number
|
||||
2.
|
||||
|
||||
2. The *hash of the previous block header* puts this block on the
|
||||
block chain and ensures no previous block can be changed without also
|
||||
changing this block's header.
|
||||
|
||||
3. The *Merkle root* is a hash derived from hashes of all the
|
||||
transactions included in this block. It ensures no transactions can
|
||||
be modified in this block without changing the block header hash.
|
||||
|
||||
4. The *[block time][]{:#term-block-time}{:.term}* is the approximate time when this block was created in
|
||||
Unix Epoch time format (number of seconds elapsed since
|
||||
1970-01-01T00:00 UTC). The time value must be greater than the
|
||||
median time of the previous 11 blocks. No peer will accept a block with a
|
||||
time currently more than two hours in the future according to the
|
||||
peer's clock.
|
||||
|
||||
5. *Bits* translates into the target threshold value---the maximum allowed
|
||||
value for this block's hash. The bits value must match the network
|
||||
difficulty at the time the block was mined.
|
||||
|
||||
6. The *[header nonce][]{:#term-header-nonce}{:.term}* is an arbitrary input that miners can change to test different
|
||||
hash values for the header until they find a hash value less than or
|
||||
equal to the target threshold. If all values within the nonce's four
|
||||
bytes are tested, the time can be updated or the
|
||||
coinbase transaction can be changed and the Merkle
|
||||
root updated.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
3134
_includes/ref_core_rpcs-abcdefg.md
Normal file
3134
_includes/ref_core_rpcs-abcdefg.md
Normal file
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
1094
_includes/ref_core_rpcs-hijklmn.md
Normal file
1094
_includes/ref_core_rpcs-hijklmn.md
Normal file
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
872
_includes/ref_core_rpcs-opqrst.md
Normal file
872
_includes/ref_core_rpcs-opqrst.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,872 @@
|
|||
#### ping
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
ping
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Requests that a ping be sent to all other nodes, to measure ping time.
|
||||
Results provided in `getpeerinfo` pingtime and pingwait fields as
|
||||
decimal seconds. Ping command is handled in queue with all other
|
||||
commands, so it measures processing backlog, not just network ping.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Example**
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
bitcoin-cli -testnet ping
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
(Success: no result printed.)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### sendfrom
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
sendfrom <account> <address> <amount> [confirmations] [comment] [label]
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Spend an amount from an account to a bitcoin address.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #1: From Account**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String, required:* the name of the account from which to spend the
|
||||
funds. Use "" for the default account.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #2: To Address**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String, required:* the address to which the funds should be
|
||||
spent. Use "" for the default account.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #3: Amount To Spend**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*Number; required:* the amount to spend in decimal bitcoins.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #4: Minimum Confirmations**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*Number; optional:* the minimum number of confirmations an incoming
|
||||
transaction must have before it will be spent. Previously spent UTXOs
|
||||
are not included regardless of the number of confirmations. Default is
|
||||
1; use 0 to spend unconfirmed transactions.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #5: A Comment**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String; optional:* a comment to associate with this transaction.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #6: A Label**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String; optional:* the label (name) to give the recipient.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Result: TXID**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
A txid for the transaction created.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Example**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Spend 0.1 bitcoins from the account "doc test" to the address indicated below
|
||||
using only UTXOs with at least six confirmations, giving the
|
||||
transaction the comment "Example spend" and labeling the spender
|
||||
"Example.com":
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
bitcoin-cli -testnet sendfrom "doc test" \
|
||||
mgnucj8nYqdrPFh2JfZSB1NmUThUGnmsqe \
|
||||
0.1 \
|
||||
6 \
|
||||
"Example spend" \
|
||||
"Example.com"
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
Result:
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
ca7cb6a5ffcc2f21036879493db4530c0ce9b5bff9648f9a3be46e2dfc8e0166
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### sendmany
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
sendmany <account> <addresses & amounts> [confirmations] [memo]
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Create and broadcast a transaction which spends outputs to multiple addresses.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #1: Account From Which The Satoshis Should Be Sent**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String; required:* the wallet account from which the funds should be
|
||||
withdrawn. Can be "" for the default account.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #2: The Output Address/Amount Pairs**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String; required:* a JSON object with addresses as keys and amounts as values.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
{
|
||||
"<address>":<amount in decimal bitcoins>
|
||||
,[...]
|
||||
}
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #3: The Minimum Number Of Confirmations For Inputs**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*Number; optional:* the minimum number of confirmations an previously-received
|
||||
output must have before it will be spent. The default is 1
|
||||
confirmation.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #4: A Memo**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String, optional:* a memo to be recorded with this transaction for
|
||||
record-keeping purposes. The memo is not included in the transaction.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Result: A Transaction Identifier**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String:* a transaction identifier (txid) for the transaction created
|
||||
and broadcast to the peer-to-peer network.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Example**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
From the account *test1*, send 0.1 bitcoins to the first address and 0.2
|
||||
bitcoins to the second address, with a memo of "Example Transaction".
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
> bitcoin-cli -testnet sendmany \
|
||||
"test1" \
|
||||
'''
|
||||
{
|
||||
"mjSk1Ny9spzU2fouzYgLqGUD8U41iR35QN": 0.1,
|
||||
"mgnucj8nYqdrPFh2JfZSB1NmUThUGnmsqe": 0.2
|
||||
} ''' \
|
||||
6 \
|
||||
"Example Transaction"
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
Result:
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
ef7c0cbf6ba5af68d2ea239bba709b26ff7b0b669839a63bb01c2cb8e8de481e
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### sendrawtransaction
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
sendrawtransaction <hex> [true|false]
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Broadcasts transaction in rawtransaction format to the peer-to-peer network.
|
||||
|
||||
See also: `createrawtransaction` and `signrawtransaction`
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #1: Raw Transaction**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String; required:* a fully-signed transaction in rawtransaction format
|
||||
(hex).
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #2: Whether To Allow High Fees**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*Boolean; optional:* whether or not to allow the transaction to have a
|
||||
high transaction fee. Transaction fees are the difference between the
|
||||
sum of the inputs and the sum of the outputs, so a raw transaction which
|
||||
accidentally leaves off a change output, for example, can have a
|
||||
transaction fee dozens or hundreds of times larger than the network
|
||||
norm. If *true* is specified, that will be allowed. If *false* (the
|
||||
default), the transaction will be rejected with an informative error
|
||||
message.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Result: A TXID Or Error Message**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
If successful, the transaction's txid (hash) will be returned. If
|
||||
unsuccessful, an error message will be returned.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Examples**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Create and sign a transaction spending over 0.2 bitcoins as fees:
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
> bitcoin-cli -testnet signrawtransaction $(
|
||||
bitcoin-cli -testnet createrawtransaction '''
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"txid": "ef7c0cbf6ba5af68d2ea239bba709b26ff7b0b669839a63bb01c2cb8e8de481e",
|
||||
"vout": 0
|
||||
}
|
||||
]''' '''
|
||||
{
|
||||
"mgnucj8nYqdrPFh2JfZSB1NmUThUGnmsqe": 0.1
|
||||
}'''
|
||||
)
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
Result:
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
{
|
||||
"hex" : "01000000011e48dee8b82c1cb03ba63998660b7bff269b70ba9\
|
||||
b23ead268afa56bbf0c7cef000000006b4830450221009c711c\
|
||||
e4df4cd8e22a10016ff6098e799f081e3a1706a9c0df14eeeb8\
|
||||
6c31bb302206323d29ab4f3138371df7b7bb794bb7c6a5e7e40\
|
||||
161e98b5c873f892d319d5230121027ce4f9db9f237fc75e420\
|
||||
742320c7df3b4ca95c44b6bc715400930f24870b2b1ffffffff\
|
||||
0180969800000000001976a9140dfc8bafc8419853b34d5e072\
|
||||
ad37d1a5159f58488ac00000000",
|
||||
"complete" : true
|
||||
}
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Now attempt to broadcast it:
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
> bitcoin-cli -testnet sendrawtransaction 01000000011e48dee8b82c\
|
||||
1cb03ba63998660b7bff269b70ba9b23ead268afa56bbf0c7cef00000000\
|
||||
6b4830450221009c711ce4df4cd8e22a10016ff6098e799f081e3a1706a9\
|
||||
c0df14eeeb86c31bb302206323d29ab4f3138371df7b7bb794bb7c6a5e7e\
|
||||
40161e98b5c873f892d319d5230121027ce4f9db9f237fc75e420742320c\
|
||||
7df3b4ca95c44b6bc715400930f24870b2b1ffffffff0180969800000000\
|
||||
001976a9140dfc8bafc8419853b34d5e072ad37d1a5159f58488ac00000000
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
Result:
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
error: {"code":-22,"message":"TX rejected"}
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Allow high fees to force it to spend:
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
> bitcoin-cli -testnet sendrawtransaction 01000000[...]00000000 true
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
Result (success):
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
6d62d3f74be5ca614e32a2fb662deabe87ff95c7d90228cd8615da39cc824e34
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### sendtoaddress
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
sendtoaddress <address> <amount> <memo> <label>
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Spend an amount to a given address. Encrypted wallets must be unlocked first.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #1: Address**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String; required:* A bitcoin address which will received payment.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #2: Amount**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*Number; required:* the amount in decimal bitcoins.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #3: Memo**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String; optional:* the memo to give the transaction. This is not
|
||||
broadcast to the peer-to-peer network; it is stored in your wallet only.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #4: Label**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String; optional:* the label to give the transaction. This is not
|
||||
broadcast to the peer-to-peer network; it is stored in your wallet only.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Result: TXID**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
If the spend is successful, the txid is returned.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Example**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Spend 0.1 bitcoins to the address below with the memo "sendtoadress
|
||||
example" and the label "Nemo From Example.com":
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
> bitcoin-cli -testnet sendtoaddress mmXgiR6KAhZCyQ8ndr2BCfEq1wNG2UnyG6 \
|
||||
0.1 "sendtoaddress example" "Nemo From Example.com"
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
85a98fdf1529f7d5156483ad020a51b7f3340e47448cf932f470b72ff01a6821
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### setaccount
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
setaccount <address> <account>
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Puts the given address in the given account.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #1: A Bitcoin Address**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String; required:* the address to put in the account.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #2: An Account**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String; required:* the account in which to put the address.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Result: None On Success**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
No result generated on success.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Example**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Put the address indicated below in the "doc test" account.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
> bitcoin-cli -testnet setaccount \
|
||||
mmXgiR6KAhZCyQ8ndr2BCfEq1wNG2UnyG6 "doc test"
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
(Success: no result displayed.)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### setgenerate
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
setgenerate <true|false> [processors]
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Enable or disable hashing to attempt to find the next block.
|
||||
|
||||
See also: `getgenerate`
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #1: Whether To Enable Or Disable Generation**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*Boolean; required:* to enable generation, *true*; to disable, *false*.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #2: The Number Of Processors To Use**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*Number; optional:* the number of logical processors to use. Defaults
|
||||
to 1; use -1 to use all available processors.
|
||||
|
||||
*Note:* in regtest mode, this argument will automatically create that
|
||||
number of blocks. See example below.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Result: None On Success**
|
||||
|
||||
No result on success.
|
||||
|
||||
**Examples**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Enable generation using two logical processors (on this machine, two
|
||||
cores of one physical processor):
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
> bitcoin-cli -testnet setgenerate true 2
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
(Success: no result displayed. Process manager shows 200% CPU usage.)
|
||||
|
||||
Using regtest mode, generate 101 blocks (enough to be able to spend the
|
||||
coinbase transaction of the first block generated):
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
> bitcoin-cli -regtest setgenerate true 101
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
(Success: no result displayed. Wallet balance shows 50 bitcoins available.)
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### settxfee
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
settxfee amount
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Set the transaction fee per kilobyte.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument: Amount**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*Number; required:* the transaction fee in decimal bitcoins per kilobyte.
|
||||
Will be rounded up to the nearest satoshi (0.00000001).
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Result: True Or False**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*True* if successful.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Example**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Set the transaction fee per kilobyte to 100,000 satoshis (1 millibit).
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
> bitcoin-cli -testnet settxfee 0.00100000
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
Result:
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
true
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### signmessage
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
signmessage <address> <message>
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Sign a message with the private key of an address. Encrypted wallets
|
||||
must be unlocked first.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #1: Address**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String; required:* the Bitcoin address corresponding to the private key
|
||||
which should be used to sign the message.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #2: Message**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String; required:* The message to sign.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Result: Message Signature**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
The signature of the message encoded in base64.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Example**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Sign a the message "Hello, World!" using the following address:
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
> bitcoin-cli -testnet signmessage mgnucj8nYqdrPFh2JfZSB1NmUThUGnmsqe \
|
||||
'Hello, World!'
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
Result:
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
IOGreqb/7UgD1ifcojESd32ZJgH5RGzUXitmbl6ZbdenSmitipWoLSi73TskmLY7zhcD662bTw3RHoYQl/dOAhE=
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### signrawtransaction
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
signrawtransaction <raw transaction hex> [previous transactions] [private keys] [sighashtype]
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Sign inputs of a transaction in rawtransaction format using private keys
|
||||
stored in the wallet or provided in the call.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #1: The Transaction To Sign**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String; required:* the transaction to sign in rawtransaction format
|
||||
(hex).
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #2: P2SH Transaction Dependencies**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String; optional:* A JSON array of JSON objects. Each object contains
|
||||
details about an unknown-to-this-node P2SH transaction that this transaction
|
||||
depends upon.
|
||||
|
||||
Each previous P2SH transaction must include its *txid* in hex, output
|
||||
index number (*vout*), public key (*scriptPubKey*) in hex, and
|
||||
*redeemScript* in hex.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"txid":"<txid>",
|
||||
"vout":<output index number>,
|
||||
"scriptPubKey": "<scriptPubKey in hex>",
|
||||
"redeemScript": "<redeemScript in hex>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
,[...]
|
||||
]
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #3: Private Keys For Signing**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String; optional:* A JSON array of base58check-encoded private keys to use
|
||||
for signing. If this argument is used, only the keys provided will be
|
||||
used to sign even if the wallet has other matching keys. If this
|
||||
argument is omitted, keys from the wallet will be used.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
[
|
||||
"<private key in base58check hex>"
|
||||
,[...]
|
||||
]
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #4: Sighash Type**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String, optional:* The type of signature hash to use for all of the
|
||||
signatures performed. (You must use separate calls to
|
||||
`signrawtransaction` if you want to use different sighash types for
|
||||
different signatures.)
|
||||
|
||||
The allowed values are *ALL*, *NONE*,
|
||||
*SINGLE*, *ALL|ANYONECANPAY*, *NONE|ANYONECANPAY*,
|
||||
and *SINGLE|ANYONECANPAY*.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Result: Signed Transaction**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String:* a JSON object containing the transaction in *hex* with as many
|
||||
signatures as could be applied and a *complete* key indicating whether
|
||||
or not the the transaction is fully signed (0 indicates it is not
|
||||
complete).
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
{
|
||||
"hex": "<signed raw transaction hex>",
|
||||
"complete": <0|1>
|
||||
}
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
**Example**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Sign the hex generated in the example section for the `rawtransaction`
|
||||
RPC:
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
> bitcoin-cli -testnet signrawtransaction 010000000189957b01aed5\
|
||||
96d3b361b576234eaeed3249246f14562d6bc6085166cd247d\
|
||||
5a0000000000ffffffff0180969800000000001976a9140dfc\
|
||||
8bafc8419853b34d5e072ad37d1a5159f58488ac00000000
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
Result:
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
{
|
||||
"hex" : "010000000189957b01aed596d3b361b576234eaeed3249246f145\
|
||||
62d6bc6085166cd247d5a000000006b483045022100c7a034fd7d\
|
||||
990b8a2bfba45fde44cae40b5ffbe42c5cf7d8143bfe317bdef3f\
|
||||
10220584e52f59b6a46d688322d65178efe83972a8517c9479630\
|
||||
6d40083af5b807c901210321eeeb46fd878ce8e62d5e0f408a0ea\
|
||||
b41d7c3a7872dc836ce360439536e423dffffffff018096980000\
|
||||
0000001976a9140dfc8bafc8419853b34d5e072ad37d1a5159f58\
|
||||
488ac00000000",
|
||||
"complete" : true
|
||||
}
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### stop
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
stop
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
Stop the Bitcoin Core server.
|
||||
|
||||
**Example**
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
bitcoin-cli -testnet stop
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
(Success: no result printed but `bitcoind` shutdown.)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### submitblock
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
submitblock <new block> [extra parameters]
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Attempts to broadcast a new block to network. Extra parameters are ignored
|
||||
by Bitcoin Core but may be used by mining pools or other programs.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #1: The New Block In Hex**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String; required:* the hex-encoded block data to broadcast to the
|
||||
peer-to-peer network.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #2: Extra Parameters**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String; optional:* A JSON object containing extra parameters for
|
||||
mining pools and other software, such as a work identifier (workid).
|
||||
The extra parameters will not be broadcast to the network.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
{
|
||||
"<key>" : "<value>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
**Result: None**
|
||||
|
||||
No result printed if successful. An error message if failed.
|
||||
|
||||
**Example**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Submit the following block with the workid, "test".
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
> bitcoin-cli -testnet submitblock 02000000df11c014a8d798395b505\
|
||||
9c722ebdf3171a4217ead71bf6e0e99f4c7000000004a6f6a2\
|
||||
db225c81e77773f6f0457bcb05865a94900ed11356d0b75228\
|
||||
efb38c7785d6053ffff001d005d43700101000000010000000\
|
||||
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\
|
||||
0000000ffffffff0d03b477030164062f503253482ffffffff\
|
||||
f0100f9029500000000232103adb7d8ef6b63de74313e0cd4e\
|
||||
07670d09a169b13e4eda2d650f529332c47646dac00000000\
|
||||
'{ "workid": "test" }'
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
299
_includes/ref_core_rpcs-uvwxyz.md
Normal file
299
_includes/ref_core_rpcs-uvwxyz.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
|
|||
#### validateaddress
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
validateaddress <address>
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Return information about the given Bitcoin address.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument: An Address**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String; required:* A Bitcoin address.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Result: Information About The Address**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
A JSON object containing one or more values (the exact number depending
|
||||
on the information). The result of *isvalid* is always returned to
|
||||
indicated whether or not the address is valid. If it is valid, the
|
||||
validated *address* is returned plus *ismine* to indicate whether or not
|
||||
it belongs to this wallet and *account* to indicate which account it
|
||||
belongs to. If it's a P2SH address, *isscript* will be true. If it's a
|
||||
P2PKH address, *pubkey* will contain the public key and *compressed* will
|
||||
indicate whether or not the pubkey/address is compressed.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
{
|
||||
"isvalid" : <true|false>,
|
||||
"address" : "<address>",
|
||||
"ismine" : <true|false>,
|
||||
"isscript" : <true|false>,
|
||||
"pubkey" : "<public key hex>",
|
||||
"iscompressed" : <true|false>,
|
||||
"account" : "<account>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
**Example**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Validate the following address from the wallet:
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
> bitcoin-cli -testnet validateaddress mgnucj8nYqdrPFh2JfZSB1NmUThUGnmsqe
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
Result:
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
{
|
||||
"isvalid" : true,
|
||||
"address" : "mgnucj8nYqdrPFh2JfZSB1NmUThUGnmsqe",
|
||||
"ismine" : true,
|
||||
"isscript" : false,
|
||||
"pubkey" : "03bacb84c6464a58b3e0a53cc0ba4cb3b82848cd7bed25a7724b3cc75d76c9c1ba",
|
||||
"iscompressed" : true,
|
||||
"account" : "test label"
|
||||
}
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### verifychain
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
verifychain [throughness] [blocks]
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Verify the local blockchain database.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #1: Throughness**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*Number; optional:* how thoroughly to check the database, from 0 to 4
|
||||
with 4 being the most through. Defaults to 3. <!-- TODO: what does each
|
||||
level do? -->
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #2: Number Of Blocks To Check**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*Number; optional:* check this number of the most recent blocks.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Result: Verified Or Not**
|
||||
|
||||
*True* if verified.
|
||||
|
||||
**Example**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Verify the most recent 10,000 blocks in the most through way:
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
> bitcoin-cli -testnet verifychain 4 10000
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
Result (took 25 seconds on a generic PC laptop):
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
true
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### verifymessage
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
verifymessage <address> <signature> <message>
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Verify a signed message.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #1: The Address**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String; required:* the address corresponding to the private key used to
|
||||
create the signature.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #2: The Signature**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String; required:* the signature provided in the same base64 format
|
||||
generated by `signmessage`.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #3: The Message**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*String; required:* the exact message which was signed.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Result: True Or False**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
*True* if the message provided was signed by the private key corresponding to the
|
||||
address provided.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Example**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Check the signature on the message created in the example for
|
||||
`signmessage`:
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
> bitcoin-cli -testnet verifymessage \
|
||||
mgnucj8nYqdrPFh2JfZSB1NmUThUGnmsqe \
|
||||
IOGreqb/7UgD1ifcojESd32ZJgH5RGzUXitmbl6ZbdenSmitipWoLSi73TskmLY7zhcD662bTw3RHoYQl/dOAhE= \
|
||||
'Hello, World!'
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
Result:
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
true
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### walletlock
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
walletlock
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
Removes the wallet encryption key from memory, locking the wallet. After
|
||||
calling this method, you will need to call `walletpassphrase` again before
|
||||
being able to call any methods which require the wallet to be unlocked.
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Return**
|
||||
|
||||
No return printed on success.
|
||||
|
||||
**Example**
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
> bitcoin-cli -testnet walletlock
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
(Success: nothing printed.)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### walletpassphrase
|
||||
|
||||
walletpassphrase <passphrase> <seconds>
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
Stores the wallet decryption key in memory for the indicated number of
|
||||
seconds. Issuing the `walletpassphrase` command while the wallet is
|
||||
already unlocked will set a new unlock time that overrides the old one.
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #1: The Passphrase**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
*String; required:* the passphrase to unlock the encrypted wallet.
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #2: The Number Of Seconds To Leave The Wallet Unlocked**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
*Number; required:* The number of seconds after which the decryption key
|
||||
will be automatically deleted from memory.
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Result**
|
||||
|
||||
No result printed on success.
|
||||
|
||||
**Example**
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
Unlock the wallet for 10 minutes (the passphrase is "test"):
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
> bitcoin-cli -testnet walletpassphrase test 600
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
(Success: no result printed.)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### walletpassphrasechange
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
walletpassphrasechange <old passphrase> <new passphrase>
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
Changes the wallet passphrase from 'old passphrase' to 'new passphrase'.
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #1: The Old Passphrase**
|
||||
|
||||
*String; required:* the current passphrase.
|
||||
|
||||
**Argument #2: The New Passphrase**
|
||||
|
||||
*String; required:* the new passphrase.
|
||||
|
||||
**Result**
|
||||
|
||||
No result printed on success.
|
||||
|
||||
**Example**
|
||||
|
||||
Change the wallet passphrase from "test" to "example":
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
> bitcoin-cli -testnet walletpassphrasechange test example
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
(Success: no result printed.)
|
||||
|
19
_includes/ref_intro.md
Normal file
19
_includes/ref_intro.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
|
|||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
The Developer Reference aims to provide specifications and API information
|
||||
to help you start building Bitcoin-based applications. To make the best use of
|
||||
this documentation, you may want to install the current version of Bitcoin
|
||||
Core, either from [source][core git] or from a [pre-compiled executable][core executable].
|
||||
|
||||
Questions about Bitcoin development are best sent to the Bitcoin [Forum][forum
|
||||
tech support] and [IRC channels][]. Errors or suggestions related to
|
||||
documentation on Bitcoin.org can be [submitted as an issue][docs issue]
|
||||
or posted to the [bitcoin-documentation mailing list][].
|
||||
|
||||
In the following documentation, some strings have been shortened or wrapped: "[...]"
|
||||
indicates extra data was removed, and lines ending in a single backslash "\\"
|
||||
are continued below. If you hover your mouse over a paragraph, cross-reference
|
||||
links will be shown in blue. If you hover over a cross-reference link, a brief
|
||||
definition of the term will be displayed in a tooltip.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
228
_includes/ref_transactions.md
Normal file
228
_includes/ref_transactions.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
|
|||
## Transactions
|
||||
|
||||
The following subsections briefly document core transaction details.
|
||||
|
||||
#### OP Codes
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
The op codes used in standard transactions are,
|
||||
|
||||
* Various data pushing op codes from 0x00 to 0x4e (1--78). These aren't
|
||||
typically shown in examples, but they must be used to push
|
||||
signatures and public keys onto the stack. See the link below this list
|
||||
for a description.
|
||||
|
||||
* `OP_1NEGATE` (0x4f), `OP_TRUE`/`OP_1` (0x51), and `OP_2` through
|
||||
`OP_16` (0x52--0x60), which (respectively) push the values -1, 1, and
|
||||
2--16 to the stack.
|
||||
|
||||
* [`OP_CHECKSIG`][op_checksig]{:#term-op-checksig}{:.term} consumes a signature and a full public key, and returns
|
||||
true if the the transaction data specified by the SIGHASH flag was
|
||||
converted into the signature using the same ECDSA private key that
|
||||
generated the public key. Otherwise, it returns false.
|
||||
|
||||
* [`OP_DUP`][op_dup]{:#term-op-dup}{:.term} returns a copy of the item on the stack below it.
|
||||
|
||||
* [`OP_HASH160`][op_hash160]{:#term-op-hash160}{:.term} consumes the item on the stack below it and returns with
|
||||
a RIPEMD-160(SHA256()) hash of that item.
|
||||
|
||||
* [`OP_EQUAL`][op_equal]{:#term-op-equal}{:.term} consumes the two items on the stack below it and returns
|
||||
true if they are the same. Otherwise, it returns false.
|
||||
|
||||
* [`OP_VERIFY`][op_verify]{:#term-op-verify}{:.term} consumes one value and returns nothing, but it will
|
||||
terminate the script in failure if the value consumed is zero (false).
|
||||
|
||||
* [`OP_EQUALVERIFY`][op_equalverify]{:#term-op-equalverify}{:.term} runs `OP_EQUAL` and then `OP_VERIFY` in sequence.
|
||||
|
||||
* [`OP_CHECKMULTISIG`][op_checkmultisig]{:#term-op-checkmultisig}{:.term} consumes the value (n) at the top of the stack,
|
||||
consumes that many of the next stack levels (public keys), consumes
|
||||
the value (m) now at the top of the stack, and consumes that many of
|
||||
the next values (signatures) plus one extra value. Then it compares
|
||||
each of public keys against each of the signatures looking for ECDSA
|
||||
matches; if n of the public keys match signatures, it returns true.
|
||||
Otherwise, it returns false.
|
||||
|
||||
The "one extra value" it consumes is the result of an off-by-one
|
||||
error in the Bitcoin Core implementation. This value is not used, so
|
||||
scriptSigs prefix the signatures with a single OP_0 (0x00).
|
||||
|
||||
* [`OP_RETURN`][op_return]{:#term-op-return}{:.term} terminates the script in failure,
|
||||
rendering the output unspendable and allowing a miner to claim the
|
||||
satoshis sent to that OP_RETURN output as an additional transaction fee.
|
||||
|
||||
A complete list of OP codes can be found on the Bitcoin Wiki [Script
|
||||
Page][wiki script], with an authoritative list in the `opcodetype` enum
|
||||
of the Bitcoin Core [script header file][core script.h]
|
||||
|
||||
Note: non-standard transactions can add non-data-pushing op codes to
|
||||
their scriptSig, but scriptSig is run separately from the script (with a
|
||||
shared stack), so scriptSig can't use arguments such as `OP_RETURN` to
|
||||
prevent the script from working as expected.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Address Conversion
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
The hashes used in P2PKH and P2SH outputs are commonly encoded as Bitcoin
|
||||
addresses. This is the procedure to encode those hashes and decode the
|
||||
addresses.
|
||||
|
||||
First, get your hash. For P2PKH, you RIPEMD-160(SHA256()) hash a ECDSA
|
||||
public key derived from your 256-bit ECDSA private key (random data).
|
||||
For P2SH, you RIPEMD-160(SHA256()) hash a redeemScript serialized in the
|
||||
format used in raw transactions (described in a [following
|
||||
sub-section][raw transaction format]). Taking the resulting hash:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Add an address version byte in front of the hash. The version
|
||||
bytes commonly used by Bitcoin are:
|
||||
|
||||
* 0x00 for P2PKH addresses on the main Bitcoin network (mainnet)
|
||||
|
||||
* 0x6f for P2PKH addresses on the Bitcoin testing network (testnet)
|
||||
|
||||
* 0x05 for P2SH addresses on mainnet
|
||||
|
||||
* 0xc4 for P2SH addresses on testnet
|
||||
|
||||
2. Create a copy of the version and hash; then hash that twice with SHA256: `SHA256(SHA256(version . hash))`
|
||||
|
||||
3. Extract the four most significant bytes from the double-hashed copy.
|
||||
These are used as a checksum to ensure the base hash gets transmitted
|
||||
correctly.
|
||||
|
||||
4. Append the checksum to the version and hash, and encode it as a base58
|
||||
string: <!--[-->`BASE58(version . hash . checksum)`<!--]-->
|
||||
|
||||
Bitcoin's base58 encoding, called [Base58Check][]{:#term-base58check}{:.term} may not match other implementations. Tier
|
||||
Nolan provided the following example encoding algorithm to the Bitcoin
|
||||
Wiki [Base58Check
|
||||
encoding](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Base58Check_encoding) page:
|
||||
|
||||
{% highlight c %}
|
||||
code_string = "123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz"
|
||||
x = convert_bytes_to_big_integer(hash_result)
|
||||
|
||||
output_string = ""
|
||||
|
||||
while(x > 0)
|
||||
{
|
||||
(x, remainder) = divide(x, 58)
|
||||
output_string.append(code_string[remainder])
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
repeat(number_of_leading_zero_bytes_in_hash)
|
||||
{
|
||||
output_string.append(code_string[0]);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
output_string.reverse();
|
||||
{% endhighlight %}
|
||||
|
||||
Bitcoin's own code can be traced using the [base58 header
|
||||
file][core base58.h].
|
||||
|
||||
To convert addresses back into hashes, reverse the base58 encoding, extract
|
||||
the checksum, repeat the steps to create the checksum and compare it
|
||||
against the extracted checksum, and then remove the version byte.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Raw Transaction Format
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Bitcoin transactions are broadcast between peers and stored in the
|
||||
block chain in a serialized byte format, called [raw format][]{:#term-raw-format}{:.term}. Bitcoin Core
|
||||
and many other tools print and accept raw transactions encoded as hex.
|
||||
|
||||
A sample raw transaction is the first non-coinbase transaction, made in
|
||||
[block 170][block170]. To get the transaction, use the `getrawtransaction` RPC with
|
||||
that transaction's txid (provided below):
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
> getrawtransaction \
|
||||
f4184fc596403b9d638783cf57adfe4c75c605f6356fbc91338530e9831e9e16
|
||||
|
||||
0100000001c997a5e56e104102fa209c6a852dd90660a20b2d9c352423e\
|
||||
dce25857fcd3704000000004847304402204e45e16932b8af514961a1d3\
|
||||
a1a25fdf3f4f7732e9d624c6c61548ab5fb8cd410220181522ec8eca07d\
|
||||
e4860a4acdd12909d831cc56cbbac4622082221a8768d1d0901ffffffff\
|
||||
0200ca9a3b00000000434104ae1a62fe09c5f51b13905f07f06b99a2f71\
|
||||
59b2225f374cd378d71302fa28414e7aab37397f554a7df5f142c21c1b7\
|
||||
303b8a0626f1baded5c72a704f7e6cd84cac00286bee000000004341041\
|
||||
1db93e1dcdb8a016b49840f8c53bc1eb68a382e97b1482ecad7b148a690\
|
||||
9a5cb2e0eaddfb84ccf9744464f82e160bfa9b8b64f9d4c03f999b8643f\
|
||||
656b412a3ac00000000
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
||||
A byte-by-byte analysis by Amir Taaki (Genjix) of this transaction is
|
||||
provided below. (Originally from the Bitcoin Wiki
|
||||
[OP_CHECKSIG page](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/OP_CHECKSIG); Genjix's
|
||||
text has been updated to use the terms used in this document.)
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
01 00 00 00 version number
|
||||
01 number of inputs (var_uint)
|
||||
|
||||
input 0:
|
||||
c9 97 a5 e5 6e 10 41 02 previous tx hash (txid)
|
||||
fa 20 9c 6a 85 2d d9 06
|
||||
60 a2 0b 2d 9c 35 24 23
|
||||
ed ce 25 85 7f cd 37 04
|
||||
00 00 00 00 previous output index
|
||||
|
||||
48 size of script (var_uint)
|
||||
47 push 71 bytes to stack
|
||||
30 44 02 20 4e 45 e1 69
|
||||
32 b8 af 51 49 61 a1 d3
|
||||
a1 a2 5f df 3f 4f 77 32
|
||||
e9 d6 24 c6 c6 15 48 ab
|
||||
5f b8 cd 41 02 20 18 15
|
||||
22 ec 8e ca 07 de 48 60
|
||||
a4 ac dd 12 90 9d 83 1c
|
||||
c5 6c bb ac 46 22 08 22
|
||||
21 a8 76 8d 1d 09 01
|
||||
ff ff ff ff sequence number
|
||||
|
||||
02 number of outputs (var_uint)
|
||||
|
||||
output 0:
|
||||
00 ca 9a 3b 00 00 00 00 amount = 10.00000000 BTC
|
||||
43 size of script (var_uint)
|
||||
script for output 0:
|
||||
41 push 65 bytes to stack
|
||||
04 ae 1a 62 fe 09 c5 f5
|
||||
1b 13 90 5f 07 f0 6b 99
|
||||
a2 f7 15 9b 22 25 f3 74
|
||||
cd 37 8d 71 30 2f a2 84
|
||||
14 e7 aa b3 73 97 f5 54
|
||||
a7 df 5f 14 2c 21 c1 b7
|
||||
30 3b 8a 06 26 f1 ba de
|
||||
d5 c7 2a 70 4f 7e 6c d8
|
||||
4c
|
||||
ac OP_CHECKSIG
|
||||
|
||||
output 1:
|
||||
00 28 6b ee 00 00 00 00 amount = 40.00000000 BTC
|
||||
43 size of script (var_uint)
|
||||
script for output 1:
|
||||
41 push 65 bytes to stack
|
||||
04 11 db 93 e1 dc db 8a
|
||||
01 6b 49 84 0f 8c 53 bc
|
||||
1e b6 8a 38 2e 97 b1 48
|
||||
2e ca d7 b1 48 a6 90 9a
|
||||
5c b2 e0 ea dd fb 84 cc
|
||||
f9 74 44 64 f8 2e 16 0b
|
||||
fa 9b 8b 64 f9 d4 c0 3f
|
||||
99 9b 86 43 f6 56 b4 12
|
||||
a3
|
||||
ac OP_CHECKSIG
|
||||
|
||||
00 00 00 00 locktime
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
|
25
_includes/ref_wallets.md
Normal file
25
_includes/ref_wallets.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
|
|||
## Wallets
|
||||
|
||||
### Deterministic Wallet Formats
|
||||
|
||||
#### Type 1: Single Chain Wallets
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
Type 1 deterministic wallets are the simpler of the two, which can
|
||||
create a single series of keys from a single seed. A primary weakness is
|
||||
that if the seed is leaked, all funds are compromised, and wallet
|
||||
sharing is extremely limited.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Type 2: Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) Wallets
|
||||
|
||||
{% autocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
For an overview of HD wallets, please see the [developer guide
|
||||
section][devguide wallets]. For details, please see BIP32.
|
||||
|
||||
{% endautocrossref %}
|
287
_includes/references.md
Normal file
287
_includes/references.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
|
|||
[51 percent attack]: /en/developer-guide#term-51-attack "The ability of someone controlling a majority of hashing power to revise transactions history and prevent new transactions from confirming"
|
||||
[accidental fork]: /en/developer-guide#term-accidental-fork "When two or more blocks have the same block height, forking the block chain. Happens occasionally by accident"
|
||||
[addresses]: /en/developer-guide#term-address "A 20-byte hash formatted as a P2PKH or P2SH Bitcoin Address"
|
||||
[address]: /en/developer-guide#term-address "A 20-byte hash formatted as a P2PKH or P2SH Bitcoin Address"
|
||||
[base58Check]: /en/developer-reference#term-base58check "The method used in Bitcoin for converting 160-bit hashes into Bitcoin addresses"
|
||||
[bitcoin URI]: /en/developer-guide#term-bitcoin-uri "A URI which allows receivers to encode payment details so spenders don't have to manually enter addresses and other details"
|
||||
[bitcoins]: /en/developer-guide#term-bitcoins "A primary accounting unit used in Bitcoin; 100 million satoshis"
|
||||
[block]: /en/developer-guide#term-block "A block of transactions protected by proof of work"
|
||||
[blocks]: /en/developer-guide#term-block "Blocks of transactions protected by proof of work"
|
||||
[block chain]: /en/developer-guide#block-chain "A chain of blocks with each block linking to the block that preceded; the most-difficult-to-recreate chain is The Block Chain"
|
||||
[block header]: /en/developer-reference#block-header "An 80-byte header belonging to a single block which is hashed repeatedly to create proof of work"
|
||||
[block header magic]: /en/developer-reference#term-block-header-magic "A magic number used to separate block data from transaction data on the P2P network"
|
||||
[block height]: /en/developer-guide#term-block-height "The number of chained blocks preceding this block"
|
||||
[block reward]: /en/developer-reference#term-block-reward "New satoshis given to a miner for creating one of the first 6,929,999 blocks"
|
||||
[block time]: /en/developer-reference#term-block-time "The time field in the block header"
|
||||
[block version]: /en/developer-reference#term-block-version "The version field in the block header"
|
||||
[broadcast]: /en/developer-guide#transaction-broadcasting "Sending transactions or blocks to all other peers on the Bitcoin network (compare to privately transmitting to a single peer or partner"
|
||||
[broadcasts]: /en/developer-guide#transaction-broadcasting "Sending transactions or blocks to all other peers on the Bitcoin network (compare to privately transmitting to a single peer or partner"
|
||||
[broadcasting]: /en/developer-guide#transaction-broadcasting "Sending transactions or blocks to all other peers on the Bitcoin network (compare to privately transmitting to a single peer or partner)"
|
||||
[certificate chain]: /en/developer-examples#term-certificate-chain "A chain of certificates connecting a individual's leaf certificate to the certificate authority's root certificate"
|
||||
[chain code]: /en/developer-guide#term-chain-code "In HD wallets, 256 bits of entropy added to the master public and private keys to help them generate secure child keys; the chain code is usually derived from a seed along with the master private key"
|
||||
[change address]: /en/developer-guide#term-change-output "An output used by a spender to send back to himself some of the satoshis from the inputs"
|
||||
[change output]: /en/developer-guide#term-change-output "An output used by a spender to send back to himself some of the satoshis from the inputs"
|
||||
[child key]: /en/developer-guide#term-child-key "In HD wallets, a key derived from a parent key"
|
||||
[child public key]: /en/developer-guide#term-child-public-key "In HD wallets, a public key derived from a parent public key or a corresponding child private key"
|
||||
[coinbase field]: /en/developer-reference#term-coinbase-field "A special input-like field for coinbase transactions"
|
||||
[coinbase transaction]: /en/developer-reference#term-coinbase-tx "A special transaction which miners must create when they generate a block"
|
||||
[confirm]: /en/developer-guide#term-confirmation "A transaction included in a block currently on the block chain"
|
||||
[confirmed]: /en/developer-guide#term-confirmation "A transaction included in a block currently on the block chain"
|
||||
[confirmed transactions]: /en/developer-guide#term-confirmation "Transactions included in a block currently on the block chain"
|
||||
[confirmation]: /en/developer-guide#term-confirmation "The number of blocks which would need to be modified to remove or modify a transaction"
|
||||
[confirmations]: /en/developer-guide#term-confirmation "The number of blocks which would need to be modified to remove or modify a transaction"
|
||||
[denomination]: /en/developer-guide#term-denomination "bitcoins (BTC), bitcents (cBTC), millibits (mBTC), microbits (uBTC), or satoshis"
|
||||
[difficulty]: /en/developer-guide#term-difficulty "A number corresponding to the target threshold which indicates how difficult it will be to find the next block"
|
||||
[double spend]: /en/developer-guide#term-double-spend "Attempting to spend the same satoshis which were spent in a previous transaction"
|
||||
[extended key]: /en/developer-guide#term-extended-key "A public or private key extended with the chain code to allow them to derive child keys"
|
||||
[extended private key]: /en/developer-guide#term-extended-private-key "A private key extended with the chain code so that it can derive child private keys"
|
||||
[extended public key]: /en/developer-guide#term-extended-public-key "A public key extended with the chain code so that it can derive child public keys"
|
||||
[escrow contract]: /en/developer-guide#term-escrow-contract "A contract in which the spender and receiver store satoshis in a multisig output until both parties agree to release the satoshis"
|
||||
[fiat]: /en/developer-guide#term-fiat "National currencies such as the dollar or euro"
|
||||
[genesis block]: /en/developer-guide#term-genesis-block "The first block created; also called block 0"
|
||||
[hardened extended private key]: /en/developer-guide#term-hardened-extended-private-key "A private key whose corresponding public key cannot derive child keys"
|
||||
[HD protocol]: /en/developer-guide#term-hd-protocol "The Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) key creation and transfer protocol"
|
||||
[header nonce]: /en/developer-reference#term-header-nonce "Four bytes of arbitrary data in a block header used to let miners create headers with different hashes for proof of work"
|
||||
[high-priority transactions]: /en/developer-guide#term-high-priority-transactions "Transactions which don't pay a transaction fee; only transactions spending long-idle outputs are eligible"
|
||||
[input]: /en/developer-guide#term-input "The input to a transaction linking to the output of a previous transaction which permits spending of satoshis"
|
||||
[inputs]: /en/developer-guide#term-input "The input to a transaction linking to the output of a previous transaction which permits spending of satoshis"
|
||||
[intermediate certificate]: /en/developer-examples#term-intermediate-certificate "A intermediate certificate authority certificate which helps connect a leaf (receiver) certificate to a root certificate authority"
|
||||
[key index]: /en/developer-guide#term-key-index "An index number used in the HD wallet formula to generate child keys from a parent key"
|
||||
[key pair]: /en/developer-guide#term-key-pair "A private key and its derived public key"
|
||||
[label]: /en/developer-guide#term-label "The label parameter of a bitcoin: URI which provides the spender with the receiver's name (unauthenticated)"
|
||||
[leaf certificate]: /en/developer-examples#term-leaf-certificate "The end-node in a certificate chain; in the payment protocol, it is the certificate belonging to the receiver of satoshis"
|
||||
[locktime]: /en/developer-guide#term-locktime "Part of a transaction which indicates the earliest time or earliest block when that transaction can be added to the block chain"
|
||||
[long-term fork]: /en/developer-guide#term-long-term-fork "When a series of blocks have corresponding block heights, indicating a possibly serious problem"
|
||||
[mainnet]: /en/developer-examples#term-mainnet "The Bitcoin main network used to transfer satoshis (compare to testnet, the test network)"
|
||||
[master chain code]: /en/developer-guide#term-master-chain-code "The chain code derived from the root seed"
|
||||
[master private key]: /en/developer-guide#term-master-private-key "A private key derived from the root seed"
|
||||
[merge]: /en/developer-guide#term-merge "Spending, in the same transaction, multiple outputs which can be traced back to different previous spenders, leaking information about how many satoshis you control"
|
||||
[merge avoidance]: /en/developer-guide#term-merge-avoidance "A strategy for selecting which outputs to spend that avoids merging outputs with different histories that could leak private information"
|
||||
[message]: /en/developer-guide#term-message "A parameter of bitcoin: URIs which allows the receiver to optionally specify a message to the spender"
|
||||
[Merkle root]: /en/developer-guide#term-merkle-root "The root node of a Merkle tree descended from all the hashed pairs in the tree"
|
||||
[Merkle tree]: /en/developer-guide#term-merkle-tree "A tree constructed by hashing paired data, then pairing and hashing the results until a single hash remains, the Merkle root"
|
||||
[micropayment channel]: /en/developer-guide#term-micropayment-channel
|
||||
[millibits]: /en/developer-guide#term-millibits "0.001 bitcoins (100,000 satoshis)"
|
||||
[mine]: /en/developer-guide#term-miner "Creating Bitcoin blocks which solve proof-of-work puzzles in exchange for block rewards and transaction fees"
|
||||
[miner]: /en/developer-guide#term-miner "Creators of Bitcoin blocks who solve proof-of-work puzzles in exchange for block rewards and transaction fees"
|
||||
[miners]: /en/developer-guide#term-miner "Creators of Bitcoin blocks who solve proof-of-work puzzles in exchange for block rewards and transaction fees"
|
||||
[minimum fee]: /en/developer-guide#term-minimum-fee "The minimum fee a transaction must pay in must circumstances to be mined or broadcast by peers across the network"
|
||||
[multisig]: /en/developer-guide#term-multisig "An output script using OP_CHECKMULTISIG to check for multiple signatures"
|
||||
[network]: /en/developer-guide#term-network "The Bitcoin P2P network which broadcasts transactions and blocks"
|
||||
[Null data]: /en/developer-guide#term-null-data "A standard transaction type which allows adding 40 bytes of arbitrary data to the block chain up to once per transaction"
|
||||
[op_checkmultisig]: /en/developer-reference#term-op-checkmultisig "Op code which returns true if one or more provided signatures (m) sign the correct parts of a transaction and match one or more provided public keys (n)"
|
||||
[op_checksig]: /en/developer-reference#term-op-checksig "Op code which returns true if a signature signs the correct parts of a transaction and matches a provided public key"
|
||||
[op code]: /en/developer-reference#op-codes "Operation codes which run functions within a script"
|
||||
[op_dup]: /en/developer-reference#term-op-dup "Operation which duplicates the entry below it on the stack"
|
||||
[op_equal]: /en/developer-reference#term-op-equal "Operation which returns true if the two entries below it on the stack are equivalent"
|
||||
[op_equalverify]: /en/developer-reference#term-op-equalverify "Operation which terminates the script in failure unless the two entries below it on the stack are equivalent"
|
||||
[op_hash160]: /en/developer-reference#term-op-hash160 "Operation which converts the entry below it on the stack into a RIPEMD(SHA256()) hashed version of itself"
|
||||
[op_return]: /en/developer-reference#term-op-return "Operation which terminates the script in failure"
|
||||
[op_verify]: /en/developer-reference#term-op-verify "Operation which terminates the script if the entry below it on the stack is non-true (zero)"
|
||||
[orphan]: /en/developer-guide#term-orphan "Blocks which were successfully mined but which aren't included on the current valid block chain"
|
||||
[output]: /en/developer-guide#term-output "The output of a transaction which transfers value to a script"
|
||||
[output index]: /en/developer-guide#term-output-index "The sequentially-numbered index of outputs in a single transaction starting from 0"
|
||||
[outputs]: /en/developer-guide#term-output "The outputs of a transaction which transfer value to scripts"
|
||||
[P2PKH]: /en/developer-guide#term-p2pkh "A script which Pays To Pubkey Hashes (P2PKH), allowing spending of satoshis to anyone with a Bitcoin address"
|
||||
[P2SH]: /en/developer-guide#term-p2sh "A script which Pays To Script Hashes (P2SH), allowing convenient spending of satoshis to an address referencing a script"
|
||||
[P2SH multisig]: /en/developer-guide#term-p2sh-multisig "A multisig script embedded in the redeemScript of a pay-to-script-hash (P2SH) transaction"
|
||||
[parent chain code]: /en/developer-guide#term-parent-chain-code "A chain code which has helped create child public or private keys"
|
||||
[parent key]: /en/developer-guide#term-parent-key "In HD wallets, a key capable of deriving child keys"
|
||||
[parent private key]: /en/developer-guide#term-parent-private-key "A private key which has created child private keys"
|
||||
[parent public key]: /en/developer-guide#term-parent-public-key "A public key corresponding to a parent private key which has child private keys"
|
||||
[payment protocol]: /en/developer-guide#term-payment-protocol "The protocol defined in BIP70 which lets spenders get signed payment details from receivers"
|
||||
[PaymentDetails]: /en/developer-examples#term-paymentdetails "The PaymentDetails of the payment protocol which allows the receiver to specify the payment details to the spender"
|
||||
[PaymentRequest]: /en/developer-examples#term-paymentrequest "The PaymentRequest of the payment protocol which contains and allows signing of the PaymentDetails"
|
||||
[PaymentRequests]: /en/developer-examples#term-paymentrequest "The PaymentRequest of the payment protocol which contains and allows signing of the PaymentDetails"
|
||||
[peer]: /en/developer-guide#term-peer "Peer on the P2P network who receives and broadcasts transactions and blocks"
|
||||
[peers]: /en/developer-guide#term-peer "Peers on the P2P network who receive and broadcast transactions and blocks"
|
||||
[PKI]: /en/developer-examples#term-pki "Public Key Infrastructure; usually meant to indicate the X.509 certificate system used for HTTP Secure (https)."
|
||||
[point function]: /en/developer-guide#term-point-function "The ECDSA function used to create a public key from a private key"
|
||||
[private key]: /en/developer-guide#term-private-key "The private portion of a keypair which can create signatures which other people can verify using the public key"
|
||||
[private keys]: /en/developer-guide#term-private-key "The private portion of a keypair which can create signatures which other people can verify using the public key"
|
||||
[pubkey hash]: /en/developer-guide#term-pubkey-hash "The hash of a public key which can be included in a P2PKH output"
|
||||
[public key]: /en/developer-guide#term-public-key "The public portion of a keypair which can be safely distributed to other people so they can verify a signature created with the corresponding private key"
|
||||
[pp amount]: /en/developer-examples#term-pp-amount "Part of the Output part of the PaymentDetails part of a payment protocol where receivers can specify the amount of satoshis they want paid to a particular output script"
|
||||
[pp expires]: /en/developer-examples#term-pp-expires "The expires field of a PaymentDetails where the receiver tells the spender when the PaymentDetails expires"
|
||||
[pp memo]: /en/developer-examples#term-pp-memo "The memo fields of PaymentDetails, Payment, and PaymentACK which allow spenders and receivers to send each other memos"
|
||||
[pp merchant data]: /en/developer-examples#term-pp-merchant-data "The merchant_data part of PaymentDetails and Payment which allows the receiver to send arbitrary data to the spender in PaymentDetails and receive it back in Payments"
|
||||
[pp PKI data]: /en/developer-examples#term-pp-pki-data "The pki_data field of a PaymentRequest which provides details such as certificates necessary to validate the request"
|
||||
[pp pki type]: /en/developer-examples#term-pp-pki-type "The PKI field of a PaymentRequest which tells spenders how to validate this request as being from a specific recipient"
|
||||
[pp script]: /en/developer-examples#term-pp-script "The script field of a PaymentDetails where the receiver tells the spender what output scripts to pay"
|
||||
[proof of work]: /en/developer-guide#term-proof-of-work "Proof that computationally-difficult work was performed which helps secure blocks against modification, protecting transaction history"
|
||||
[Pubkey]: /en/developer-guide#term-pubkey "A standard output script which specifies the full public key to match a signature; used in coinbase transactions"
|
||||
[r]: /en/developer-guide#term-r-parameter "The payment request parameter in a bitcoin: URI"
|
||||
[raw format]: /en/developer-reference#term-raw-format "Complete transactions in their binary format; often represented using hexidecimal"
|
||||
[receipt]: /en/developer-guide#term-receipt "A cryptographically-verifiable receipt created using parts of a payment request and a confirmed transaction"
|
||||
[recurrent rebilling]: /en/developer-guide#rebilling-recurring-payments "Billing a spender on a regular schedule"
|
||||
[redeemScript]: /en/developer-guide#term-redeemscript "A script created by the recipient, hashed, and given to the spender for use in a P2SH output"
|
||||
[refund]: /en/developer-guide#issuing-refunds "A transaction which refunds some or all satoshis received in a previous transaction"
|
||||
[regression test mode]: /en/developer-examples#regtest-mode "A local testing environment in which developers can control blocks"
|
||||
[root certificate]: /en/developer-examples#term-root-certificate "A certificate belonging to a certificate authority (CA)"
|
||||
[root seed]: /en/developer-guide#term-root-seed "A potentially-short value used as a seed to generate a master private key and master chain code for an HD wallet"
|
||||
[satoshi]: /en/developer-guide#term-satoshi "The smallest unit of Bitcoin value; 0.00000001 bitcoins. Also used generically for any value of bitcoins"
|
||||
[satoshis]: /en/developer-guide#term-satoshi "The smallest unit of Bitcoin value; 0.00000001 bitcoins. Also used generically for any value of bitcoins"
|
||||
[sequence number]: /en/developer-guide#term-sequence-number "A number intended to allow time locked transactions to be updated before being finalized; not currently used except to disable locktime in a transaction"
|
||||
[script]: /en/developer-guide#term-script "The part of an output which sets the conditions for spending of the satoshis in that output"
|
||||
[scripts]: /en/developer-guide#term-script "The part of an output which sets the conditions for spending of the satoshis in that output"
|
||||
[scriptSig]: /en/developer-guide#term-scriptsig "Data generated by a spender which is almost always used as variables to satisfy an output script"
|
||||
[script hash]: /en/developer-guide#term-script-hash "The hash of a redeemScript used to create a P2SH output"
|
||||
[sha_shacp]: /en/developer-guide#term-sighash-all-sighash-anyonecanpay "Signature hash type which allows other people to contribute satoshis without changing the number of satoshis sent nor where they go"
|
||||
[shacp]: /en/developer-guide#term-sighash-anyonecanpay "A signature hash type which modifies the behavior of other signature hash types"
|
||||
[shn_shacp]: /en/developer-guide#term-sighash-none-sighash-anyonecanpay "Signature hash type which allows unfettered modification of a transaction"
|
||||
[shs_shacp]: /en/developer-guide#term-sighash-single-sighash-anyonecanpay "Signature hash type which allows modification of the entire transaction except the signed input and the output with the same index number"
|
||||
[sighash_all]: /en/developer-guide#term-sighash-all "Default signature hash type which signs the entire transaction except any scriptSigs, preventing modification of the signed parts"
|
||||
[sighash_none]: /en/developer-guide#term-sighash-none "Signature hash type which only signs the inputs, allowing anyone to change the outputs however they'd like"
|
||||
[sighash_single]: /en/developer-guide#term-sighash-single "Signature hash type which only signs its input and the output with the same index value, allowing modification of other inputs and outputs"
|
||||
[signature]: /en/developer-guide#term-signature "The result of combining a private key and some data in an ECDSA signature operation which allows anyone with the corresponding public key to verify the signature"
|
||||
[signature hash]: /en/developer-guide#term-signature-hash "A byte appended onto signatures generated in Bitcoin which allows the signer to specify what data was signed, allowing modification of the unsigned data"
|
||||
[spv]: /en/developer-guide#simplified-payment-verification-spv "A method for verifying particular transactions were included in blocks without downloading the entire contents of the block chain"
|
||||
[ssl signature]: /en/developer-examples#term-ssl-signature "Signatures created and recognized by major SSL implementations such as OpenSSL"
|
||||
[stack]: /en/developer-guide#term-stack "An evaluation stack used in Bitcoin's script language"
|
||||
[standard script]: /en/developer-guide#standard-transactions "An output script which matches the isStandard() patterns specified in Bitcoin Core---or a transaction containing only standard outputs. Only standard transactions are mined or broadcast by peers running the default Bitcoin Core software"
|
||||
[target]: /en/developer-guide#term-target "The threshold below which a block header hash must be in order for the block to be added to the block chain"
|
||||
[testnet]: /en/developer-examples#testnet "A Bitcoin-like network where the satoshis have no real-world value to allow risk-free testing"
|
||||
[transaction fee]: /en/developer-guide#term-transaction-fee "The amount remaining when all outputs are subtracted from all inputs in a transaction; the fee is paid to the miner who includes that transaction in a block"
|
||||
[transaction fees]: /en/developer-guide#term-transaction-fee "The amount remaining when all outputs are subtracted from all inputs in a transaction; the fee is paid to the miner who includes that transaction in a block"
|
||||
[transaction malleability]: /en/developer-guide#transaction-malleability "The ability of an attacker to change the transaction identifier (txid) of unconfirmed transactions, making dependent transactions invalid"
|
||||
[txid]: /en/developer-guide#term-txid "A hash of a completed transaction which allows other transactions to spend its outputs"
|
||||
[transaction]: /en/developer-guide#transactions "A transaction spending satoshis"
|
||||
[transaction object format]: /en/developer-reference#term-transaction-object-format
|
||||
[transaction version number]: /en/developer-guide#term-transaction-version-number "A version number prefixed to transactions to allow upgrading""
|
||||
[transactions]: /en/developer-guide#transactions "A transaction spending satoshis"
|
||||
[unconfirmed]: /en/developer-guide#term-unconfirmed-transactions "A transaction which has not yet been added to the block chain"
|
||||
[unconfirmed transactions]: /en/developer-guide#term-unconfirmed-transactions "A transaction which has not yet been added to the block chain"
|
||||
[unique addresses]: /en/developer-guide#term-unique-address "Address which are only used once to protect privacy and increase security"
|
||||
[URI QR Code]: /en/developer-guide#term-uri-qr-code "A QR code containing a bitcoin: URI"
|
||||
[utxo]: /en/developer-guide#term-utxo "Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO) holding satoshis which have not yet been spent"
|
||||
[verified payments]: /en/developer-guide#verifying-payment "Payments which the receiver believes won't be double spent"
|
||||
[v2 block]: /en/developer-reference#term-v2-block "The current version of Bitcoin blocks"
|
||||
[wallet]: /en/developer-guide#wallets "Software which stores private keys to allow users to spend and receive satoshis"
|
||||
[Wallet Import Format]: /en/developer-guide#term-wallet-import-format "A private key specially formatted to allow easy import into a wallet"
|
||||
[wallets]: /en/developer-guide#wallets "Software which stores private keys to allow users to spend and receive satoshis"
|
||||
[X509Certificates]: /en/developer-examples#term-x509certificates
|
||||
|
||||
[BFGMiner]: https://github.com/luke-jr/bfgminer
|
||||
[BIP21]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0021.mediawiki
|
||||
[BIP32]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0032.mediawiki
|
||||
[BIP39]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0039.mediawiki
|
||||
[BIP70]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0070.mediawiki
|
||||
[BIP71]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0071.mediawiki
|
||||
[BIP72]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0072.mediawiki
|
||||
[bitcoin-documentation mailing list]: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/bitcoin-documentation
|
||||
[bitcoinpdf]: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
|
||||
[block170]: https://www.biteasy.com/block/00000000d1145790a8694403d4063f323d499e655c83426834d4ce2f8dd4a2ee
|
||||
[casascius address utility]: https://github.com/casascius/Bitcoin-Address-Utility
|
||||
[core base58.h]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/base58.h
|
||||
[core executable]: /en/download
|
||||
[core git]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin
|
||||
[core paymentrequest.proto]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/qt/paymentrequest.proto
|
||||
[core script.h]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/script.h
|
||||
[DER]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_Syntax_Notation_One
|
||||
[devex complex raw transaction]: /en/developer-examples#complex-raw-transaction
|
||||
[devex payment protocol]: /en/developer-examples#payment-protocol
|
||||
[devexamples]: /en/developer-examples
|
||||
[devguide]: /en/developer-guide
|
||||
[devguide avoiding key reuse]: /en/developer-guide#avoiding-key-reuse
|
||||
[devguide hardened keys]: /en/developer-guide#hardened-keys
|
||||
[devguide payment processing]: /en/developer-guide#payment-processing
|
||||
[devguide wallets]: /en/developer-guide#wallets
|
||||
[devref wallets]: /en/developer-reference#wallets
|
||||
[docs issue]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org/issues
|
||||
[ECDSA]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_Curve_DSA
|
||||
[Eloipool]: https://gitorious.org/bitcoin/eloipool
|
||||
[forum tech support]: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?board=4.0
|
||||
[HMAC-SHA512]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAC
|
||||
[HTTP longpoll]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_technology#Long_polling
|
||||
[irc channels]: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/IRC_channels
|
||||
[MIME]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_media_type
|
||||
[Merge Avoidance subsection]: /en/developer-guide#merge-avoidance
|
||||
[mozrootstore]: https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/about/governance/policies/security-group/certs/
|
||||
[Payment Request Generator]: http://bitcoincore.org/~gavin/createpaymentrequest.php
|
||||
[Piotr Piasecki's testnet faucet]: https://tpfaucet.appspot.com/
|
||||
[prime symbol]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_%28symbol%29
|
||||
[protobuf]: https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
|
||||
[raw transaction format]: /en/developer-reference#raw-transaction-format
|
||||
[rpc addmultisigaddress]: /en/developer-reference#addmultisigaddress
|
||||
[rpc addnode]: /en/developer-reference#addnode
|
||||
[rpc backupwallet]: /en/developer-reference#backupwallet
|
||||
[rpc createmultisig]: /en/developer-reference#createmultisig
|
||||
[rpc createrawtransaction]: /en/developer-reference#createrawtransaction
|
||||
[rpc decoderawtransaction]: /en/developer-reference#decoderawtransaction
|
||||
[rpc decodescript]: /en/developer-reference#decodescript
|
||||
[rpc dumpprivkey]: /en/developer-reference#dumpprivkey
|
||||
[rpc dumpwallet]: /en/developer-reference#dumpwallet
|
||||
[rpc getaccount]: /en/developer-reference#getaccount
|
||||
[rpc getaccountaddress]: /en/developer-reference#getaccountaddress
|
||||
[rpc getaddednodeinfo]: /en/developer-reference#getaddednodeinfo
|
||||
[rpc getaddressesbyaccount]: /en/developer-reference#getaddressesbyaccount
|
||||
[rpc getbalance]: /en/developer-reference#getbalance
|
||||
[rpc getbestblockhash]: /en/developer-reference#getbestblockhash
|
||||
[rpc getblock]: /en/developer-reference#getblock
|
||||
[rpc getblockcount]: /en/developer-reference#getblockcount
|
||||
[rpc getblockhash]: /en/developer-reference#getblockhash
|
||||
[rpc getblocktemplate]: /en/developer-reference#getblocktemplate
|
||||
[rpc getconnectioncount]: /en/developer-reference#getconnectioncount
|
||||
[rpc getdifficulty]: /en/developer-reference#getdifficulty
|
||||
[rpc getgenerate]: /en/developer-reference#getgenerate
|
||||
[rpc gethashespersec]: /en/developer-reference#gethashespersec
|
||||
[rpc getinfo]: /en/developer-reference#getinfo
|
||||
[rpc getmininginfo]: /en/developer-reference#getmininginfo
|
||||
[rpc getnettotals]: /en/developer-reference#getnettotals
|
||||
[rpc getnetworkhashps]: /en/developer-reference#getnetworkhashps
|
||||
[rpc getnewaddress]: /en/developer-reference#getnewaddress
|
||||
[rpc getpeerinfo]: /en/developer-reference#getpeerinfo
|
||||
[rpc getrawchangeaddress]: /en/developer-reference#getrawchangeaddress
|
||||
[rpc getrawmempool]: /en/developer-reference#getrawmempool
|
||||
[rpc getrawtransaction]: /en/developer-reference#getrawtransaction
|
||||
[rpc getreceivedbyaccount]: /en/developer-reference#getreceivedbyaccount
|
||||
[rpc getreceivedbyaddress]: /en/developer-reference#getreceivedbyaddress
|
||||
[rpc gettransaction]: /en/developer-reference#gettransaction
|
||||
[rpc gettxout]: /en/developer-reference#gettxout
|
||||
[rpc gettxoutsetinfo]: /en/developer-reference#gettxoutsetinfo
|
||||
[rpc getunconfirmedbalance]: /en/developer-reference#getunconfirmedbalance
|
||||
[rpc getwork]: /en/developer-reference#getwork
|
||||
[rpc help]: /en/developer-reference#help
|
||||
[rpc importprivkey]: /en/developer-reference#importprivkey
|
||||
[rpc importwallet]: /en/developer-reference#importwallet
|
||||
[rpc keypoolrefill]: /en/developer-reference#keypoolrefill
|
||||
[rpc listaccounts]: /en/developer-reference#listaccounts
|
||||
[rpc listaddressgroupings]: /en/developer-reference#listaddressgroupings
|
||||
[rpc listlockunspent]: /en/developer-reference#listlockunspent
|
||||
[rpc listreceivedbyaccount]: /en/developer-reference#listreceivedbyaccount
|
||||
[rpc listreceivedbyaddress]: /en/developer-reference#listreceivedbyaddress
|
||||
[rpc listsinceblock]: /en/developer-reference#listsinceblock
|
||||
[rpc listtransactions]: /en/developer-reference#listtransactions
|
||||
[rpc listunspent]: /en/developer-reference#listunspent
|
||||
[rpc lockunspent]: /en/developer-reference#lockunspent
|
||||
[rpc move]: /en/developer-reference#move
|
||||
[rpc ping]: /en/developer-reference#ping
|
||||
[rpc sendfrom]: /en/developer-reference#sendfrom
|
||||
[rpc sendmany]: /en/developer-reference#sendmany
|
||||
[rpc sendrawtransaction]: /en/developer-reference#sendrawtransaction
|
||||
[rpc sendtoaddress]: /en/developer-reference#sendtoaddress
|
||||
[rpc setaccount]: /en/developer-reference#setaccount
|
||||
[rpc setgenerate]: /en/developer-reference#setgenerate
|
||||
[rpc settxfee]: /en/developer-reference#settxfee
|
||||
[rpc signmessage]: /en/developer-reference#signmessage
|
||||
[rpc signrawtransaction]: /en/developer-reference#signrawtransaction
|
||||
[rpc stop]: /en/developer-reference#stop
|
||||
[rpc submitblock]: /en/developer-reference#submitblock
|
||||
[rpc validateaddress]: /en/developer-reference#validateaddress
|
||||
[rpc verifychain]: /en/developer-reference#verifychain
|
||||
[rpc verifymessage]: /en/developer-reference#verifymessage
|
||||
[rpc walletlock]: /en/developer-reference#walletlock
|
||||
[rpc walletpassphrase]: /en/developer-reference#walletpassphrase
|
||||
[rpc walletpassphrasechange]: /en/developer-reference#walletpassphrasechange
|
||||
[RPC]: /en/developer-reference#remote-procedure-calls-rpcs
|
||||
[RPCs]: /en/developer-reference#remote-procedure-calls-rpcs
|
||||
[secp256k1]: http://www.secg.org/index.php?action=secg,docs_secg
|
||||
[section verifying payment]: /en/developer-guide#verifying-payment
|
||||
[bitcoin URI subsection]: /en/developer-guide#bitcoin-uri
|
||||
[SHA256]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-2
|
||||
[Stratum mining protocol]: http://mining.bitcoin.cz/stratum-mining
|
||||
[URI encoded]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986
|
||||
[Verification subsection]: /en/developer-guide#verifying-payment
|
||||
[wiki script]: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Script
|
||||
[x509]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.509
|
||||
|
|
@ -8,23 +8,13 @@
|
|||
{% lesscss main.less %}
|
||||
<!--[if lt IE 8]>{% lesscss ie.css %}<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/ie.js"></script><![endif]-->
|
||||
{% if page.lang == 'ar' or page.lang == 'fa' %}{% lesscss rtl.less %}{% endif %}
|
||||
{% if page.lang == 'bg' or page.lang == 'pl' or page.lang == 'ru' or page.lang == 'tr' or page.lang == 'zh_CN' or page.lang == 'zh_TW' %}{% lesscss sans.less %}{% endif %}
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/main.js"></script>
|
||||
{% if page.lang == 'de' or page.lang == 'es' or page.lang == 'hu' or page.lang == 'it' or page.lang == 'nl' or page.lang == 'pl' or page.lang == 'ru' or page.lang == 'tr' %}
|
||||
<script src="/js/hyphenator.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
if(typeof(legacyIE)==='undefined'){
|
||||
Hyphenator.config({
|
||||
{% if page.lang == 'ru' %}minwordlength : 7{% else %}minwordlength : 9{% endif %}
|
||||
});
|
||||
Hyphenator.run();
|
||||
}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
{% endif %}
|
||||
{% if page.lang == 'bg' or page.lang == 'ko' or page.lang == 'hi' or page.lang == 'pl' or page.lang == 'sl' or page.lang == 'ro' or page.lang == 'ru' or page.lang == 'tr' or page.lang == 'zh_CN' or page.lang == 'zh_TW' %}{% lesscss sans.less %}{% endif %}
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/main.js?1400954556"></script>
|
||||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.png">
|
||||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/img/logo_ios.png"/>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<div id="detectmobile" class="detectmobile"></div>
|
||||
{% if site.ALERT %}
|
||||
<div class="alert-message">
|
||||
<div><div>{{ site.ALERT }}</div></div>
|
||||
|
@ -32,29 +22,33 @@ if(typeof(legacyIE)==='undefined'){
|
|||
{% endif %}
|
||||
<div class="head"><div>
|
||||
<select id="langselect" class="langselect" onchange="window.location=this.value;">
|
||||
{% for lang in site.langsorder %}{% if lang.id == page.lang %}{% assign active = ' selected="selected"'%}{% else %}{% assign active = ''%}{% endif %}
|
||||
<option value="/{{ lang.id }}/{% translate {{page.id}} url {{lang.id}} %}"{{ active }}>{{ site.langs[lang.id] }}</option>
|
||||
{% for lang in site.langsorder %}{% assign active = ''%}{% if lang == page.lang %}{% assign active = ' selected="selected"'%}{% endif %}
|
||||
<option value="/{{ lang }}/{% translate {{page.id}} url {{lang}} %}"{{ active }}>{{ site.langs[lang] }}</option>
|
||||
{% endfor %}
|
||||
</select>
|
||||
<ul class="lang">
|
||||
<li><a href="#" onclick="return false;">{{ site.langs[page.lang] }}</a>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
{% for lang in site.langsorder %}{% if lang.id != page.lang %}
|
||||
<li><a href="/{{ lang.id }}/{% translate {{page.id}} url {{lang.id}} %}">{{ site.langs[lang.id] }}</a></li>
|
||||
{% endif %}{% endfor %}
|
||||
<li><ul>
|
||||
{% assign i = 0 %}{% assign c = site.langsorder.size | divided_by: 2 | plus: 1 %}
|
||||
{% for lang in site.langsorder %}{% assign mod = i | modulo: c %}{% assign active = ''%}{% if lang == page.lang %}{% assign active = ' class="active"'%}{% endif %}
|
||||
{% if mod == 0 and i != 0 %}</ul></li><li><ul>{% endif %}
|
||||
<li><a href="/{{ lang }}/{% translate {{page.id}} url {{lang}} %}"{{ active }}>{{ site.langs[lang] }}</a></li>
|
||||
{% assign i = i | plus: 1 %}{% endfor %}
|
||||
</ul></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<a class="logo" href="/{{ page.lang }}/"><img src="/img/logotop.svg" alt="Bitcoin"></a>
|
||||
<a id="menumobile" class="menumobile" onclick="mobileMenuShow(event);" href="#"></a>
|
||||
<ul id="menusimple" class="menusimple">
|
||||
<li><a href="#" onclick="mobileMenuHover(event);">{% translate menu-intro layout %}</a>
|
||||
<ul id="menusimple" class="menusimple" onclick="mobileMenuHover(event);">
|
||||
<li><a href="#" onclick="return false;">{% translate menu-intro layout %}</a>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li{% if page.id == 'bitcoin-for-individuals' %} class="active"{% endif %}><a href="/{{ page.lang }}/{% translate bitcoin-for-individuals url %}">{% translate menu-bitcoin-for-individuals layout %}</a></li>
|
||||
<li{% if page.id == 'bitcoin-for-businesses' %} class="active"{% endif %}><a href="/{{ page.lang }}/{% translate bitcoin-for-businesses url %}">{% translate menu-bitcoin-for-businesses layout %}</a></li>
|
||||
<li{% if page.id == 'bitcoin-for-developers' %} class="active"{% endif %}><a href="/{{ page.lang }}/{% translate bitcoin-for-developers url %}">{% translate menu-bitcoin-for-developers layout %}</a></li>
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' or 'pl' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% when 'fa' or 'pl' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
<li{% if page.id == 'choose-your-wallet' %} class="active"{% endif %}><a href="/{{ page.lang }}/{% translate choose-your-wallet url %}">{% translate menu-choose-your-wallet layout %}</a></li>
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<li{% if page.id == 'getting-started' %} class="active"{% endif %}><a href="/{{ page.lang }}/{% translate getting-started url %}">{% translate menu-getting-started layout %}</a></li>
|
||||
|
@ -63,14 +57,15 @@ if(typeof(legacyIE)==='undefined'){
|
|||
<li{% if page.id == 'you-need-to-know' %} class="active"{% endif %}><a href="/{{ page.lang }}/{% translate you-need-to-know url %}">{% translate menu-you-need-to-know layout %}</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="#" onclick="mobileMenuHover(event);">{% translate menu-resources layout %}</a>
|
||||
<li><a href="#" onclick="return false;">{% translate menu-resources layout %}</a>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li{% if page.id == 'resources' %} class="active"{% endif %}><a href="/{{ page.lang }}/{% translate resources url %}">{% translate menu-resources layout %}</a></li>
|
||||
<li{% if page.id == 'community' %} class="active"{% endif %}><a href="/{{ page.lang }}/{% translate community url %}">{% translate menu-community layout %}</a></li>
|
||||
{% if page.lang == 'en' %}<li{% if page.id == 'developer-documentation' %} class="active"{% endif %}><a href="/en/developer-documentation">Documentation</a></li>{% endif %}
|
||||
<li{% if page.id == 'development' %} class="active"{% endif %}><a href="/{{ page.lang }}/{% translate development url %}">{% translate menu-development layout %}</a></li>
|
||||
<li{% if page.id == 'vocabulary' %} class="active"{% endif %}><a href="/{{ page.lang }}/{% translate vocabulary url %}">{% translate menu-vocabulary layout %}</a></li>
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' or 'pl' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% when 'fa' or 'pl' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<li{% if page.id == 'events' %} class="active"{% endif %}><a href="/{{ page.lang }}/{% translate events url %}">{% translate menu-events layout %}</a></li>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
|
@ -80,7 +75,7 @@ if(typeof(legacyIE)==='undefined'){
|
|||
<li{% if page.id == 'innovation' %} class="active"{% endif %}><a href="/{{ page.lang }}/{% translate innovation url %}">{% translate menu-innovation layout %}</a></li>
|
||||
<li{% if page.id == 'support-bitcoin' %} class="active"{% endif %}><a href="/{{ page.lang }}/{% translate support-bitcoin url %}">{% translate menu-support-bitcoin layout %}</a></li>
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'id' %}
|
||||
{% when 'sv' %}
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<li{% if page.id == 'faq' %} class="active"{% endif %}><a href="/{{ page.lang }}/{% translate faq url %}">{% translate menu-faq layout %}</a></li>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
|
@ -90,27 +85,29 @@ if(typeof(legacyIE)==='undefined'){
|
|||
<div id="content" class="content">
|
||||
{{ content }}
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="footer"><div>
|
||||
<div class="footer">
|
||||
<div class="footermenu">
|
||||
<a href="/en/alerts">Network Status</a>
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' or 'id' or 'it' or 'nl' or 'pl' or 'tr' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% when 'fa' or 'pl' or 'tr' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
<a href="/en/legal">Legal</a>
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<a href="/{{ page.lang }}/{% translate legal url %}">{% translate menu-legal layout %}</a>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' %}
|
||||
{% when 'fa' %}
|
||||
<a href="/en/about-us">About bitcoin.org</a>
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<a href="/{{ page.lang }}/{% translate about-us url %}">{% translate menu-about-us layout %}</a>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<span>© Bitcoin Project 2009-2014 {% translate footer layout %}</span>
|
||||
</div></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="foundation-banner">
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'bg' or 'fa' or 'id' or 'it' or 'nl' or 'pl' or 'tr' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
<div>{% translate sponsor layout en %} <a href="https://bitcoinfoundation.org/"><img src="/img/brand/logo_foundation.svg" alt="Foundation"> The Bitcoin Foundation</a></div>
|
||||
{% when 'fa' %}
|
||||
<div style="direction:ltr;">{% translate sponsor layout %} <a href="https://bitcoinfoundation.org/"><img src="/img/brand/logo_foundation.svg" alt="Foundation"> The Bitcoin Foundation</a></div>
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<div>{% translate sponsor layout %} <a href="https://bitcoinfoundation.org/"><img src="/img/brand/logo_foundation.svg" alt="Foundation"> The Bitcoin Foundation</a></div>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
|
|
216
_less/ie.css
216
_less/ie.css
|
@ -9,14 +9,25 @@ body{
|
|||
.body{
|
||||
width:940px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.footer{
|
||||
width:800px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.lang{
|
||||
border-left:2px solid #f7f7f7;
|
||||
border-right:2px solid #f7f7f7;
|
||||
border-top:2px solid #f7f7f7;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.lang li ul{
|
||||
top:28px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.lang li ul li{
|
||||
zoom:1;
|
||||
display:inline;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.lang li a,
|
||||
.lang li a:link,
|
||||
.lang li a:visited,
|
||||
.lang li a:active{
|
||||
zoom:1;
|
||||
display:inline;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.menusimple li{
|
||||
zoom:1;
|
||||
|
@ -152,18 +163,18 @@ body{
|
|||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.resources div{
|
||||
border-top:expression((this.parentNode!=this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('DIV')[0])?'1px solid #e0e0e0':'0');
|
||||
border-top:expression(this.parentNode.className=='resources'&&this!=this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('DIV')[0]?'1px solid #e0e0e0':'0');
|
||||
}
|
||||
.resources div div{
|
||||
zoom:1;
|
||||
display:inline;
|
||||
padding-top:25px;
|
||||
position:relative;
|
||||
padding-right:expression(this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('DIV')[0]==this?'40px':'');
|
||||
border-right:expression(this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('DIV')[0]==this?'1px solid #e0e0e0':'');
|
||||
padding-left:expression(this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('DIV')[1]==this?'40px':'');
|
||||
border-left:expression(this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('DIV')[1]==this?'1px solid #e0e0e0':'');
|
||||
margin-left:expression(this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('DIV')[1]==this?'-1px':'');
|
||||
padding-right:expression(this.parentNode.parentNode.className=='resources'&&this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('DIV')[0]==this?'40px':'');
|
||||
border-right:expression(this.parentNode.parentNode.className=='resources'&&this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('DIV')[0]==this?'1px solid #e0e0e0':'');
|
||||
padding-left:expression(this.parentNode.parentNode.className=='resources'&&this!=this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('DIV')[0]?'40px':'');
|
||||
border-left:expression(this.parentNode.parentNode.className=='resources'&&this!=this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('DIV')[0]?'1px solid #e0e0e0':'');
|
||||
margin-left:expression(this.parentNode.parentNode.className=='resources'&&this!=this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('DIV')[0]?'-1px':'');
|
||||
}
|
||||
.resources>div>div:first-child+div{
|
||||
/*This one is for IE7 only*/
|
||||
|
@ -179,6 +190,16 @@ body{
|
|||
border-top:expression(this.parentNode.className=='resourcesorg'&&this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('DIV')[0]!=this?'1px solid #e0e0e0':'0');
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.resourcesmore div{
|
||||
zoom:1;
|
||||
display:inline;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.docreference a{
|
||||
zoom:1;
|
||||
display:inline;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.downloadbox{
|
||||
zoom:1;
|
||||
display:inline;
|
||||
|
@ -203,7 +224,7 @@ body{
|
|||
display:inline;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.eventtable div div{
|
||||
.listtable div div{
|
||||
zoom:1;
|
||||
display:inline;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -239,6 +260,20 @@ body{
|
|||
margin-bottom:30px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.contributors div{
|
||||
zoom:1;
|
||||
display:inline;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.contributors span{
|
||||
width:16px;
|
||||
height:16px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.credit p{
|
||||
zoom:1;
|
||||
display:inline;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.foundation{
|
||||
width:500px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -247,167 +282,6 @@ body{
|
|||
display:expression((this.parentNode.childNodes[0]==this||this.parentNode.childNodes[1]==this||this.parentNode.childNodes[2]==this||this.parentNode.childNodes[3]==this)?'list-item':'');
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.pleftfloat span{
|
||||
position:relative;
|
||||
float:left;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.previewrow h2{
|
||||
font-size:115%;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow p{
|
||||
font-size:95%;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow div{
|
||||
zoom:expression(this.parentNode.className=='previewrow'?'1':'');
|
||||
display:expression(this.parentNode.className=='previewrow'?'inline':'');
|
||||
position:expression(this.parentNode.className=='previewrow'?'relative':'');
|
||||
margin-right:expression(this.parentNode.className=='previewrow'?'12px':'');
|
||||
margin-bottom:expression(this.parentNode.className=='previewrow'?'12px':'');
|
||||
vertical-align:expression(this.parentNode.className=='previewrow'?'top':'');
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow div a,
|
||||
.previewrow div a:visited,
|
||||
.previewrow div a:link,
|
||||
.previewrow div a:active{
|
||||
zoom:1;
|
||||
display:inline;
|
||||
font-size:94%;
|
||||
text-align:center;
|
||||
text-decoration:none;
|
||||
font-weight:bold;
|
||||
width:72px;
|
||||
height:110px;
|
||||
vertical-align:top;
|
||||
white-space:normal;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow div a img{
|
||||
display:block;
|
||||
margin:auto;
|
||||
margin-bottom:10px;
|
||||
width:72px;
|
||||
height:72px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow div div{
|
||||
height:0;
|
||||
position:absolute;
|
||||
left:-105px;
|
||||
right:-110px;
|
||||
bottom:100px;
|
||||
padding:0;
|
||||
z-index:1000;
|
||||
overflow:hidden;
|
||||
width:280px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow div div div{
|
||||
width:280px;
|
||||
position:static;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow div:hover div{
|
||||
height:auto;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewcol .previewrow{
|
||||
padding-left:expression(this.parentNode.firstChild==this?'0px':'');
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewcol .previewrow:first-child+div{
|
||||
border:0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow div div div.b1{
|
||||
background:url(/img/bubbletop.png) bottom center no-repeat;
|
||||
padding:0;
|
||||
height:10px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow div div div.b2{
|
||||
background:url(/img/bubblemiddle.png) bottom center repeat-y;
|
||||
padding:0;
|
||||
padding-top:10px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow div div div.b3{
|
||||
filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(src='/img/bubblebottom.png', sizingMethod='scale');
|
||||
padding:0;
|
||||
height:64px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow>div>div>div:first-child+div{
|
||||
padding:0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow div div div h2{
|
||||
position:relative;
|
||||
left:30px;
|
||||
margin:0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow div div div span{
|
||||
/*FIXME can't get to make it work on IE6-7*/
|
||||
display:none;
|
||||
position:absolute;
|
||||
right:10px;
|
||||
top:10px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow div div div span img{
|
||||
margin-left:4px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow div div div p{
|
||||
font-size:95%;
|
||||
margin:0;
|
||||
padding:10px 0;
|
||||
text-align:expression((this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('P')[1]==this)?'center':'');
|
||||
width:220px;
|
||||
position:relative;
|
||||
left:30px;
|
||||
line-height:1.5em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow div div div p a,
|
||||
.previewrow div div div p a:visited,
|
||||
.previewrow div div div p a:link,
|
||||
.previewrow div div div p a:active{
|
||||
display:inline;
|
||||
zoom:1;
|
||||
text-align:center;
|
||||
width:auto;
|
||||
height:auto;
|
||||
font-weight:bold;
|
||||
text-decoration:none;
|
||||
padding:5px 10px;
|
||||
color:#fff;
|
||||
background-color:#2c6fad;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow .walletwarning .b1{
|
||||
background-image:url(/img/bubblewarntop.png);
|
||||
filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(src='/img/bubblewarntop.png', sizingMethod='scale');
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow .walletwarning .b2{
|
||||
background-image:url(/img/bubblewarnmiddle.png);
|
||||
filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(src='/img/bubblewarnmiddle.png', sizingMethod='scale');
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow .walletwarning .b3{
|
||||
filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(src='/img/bubblewarnbottom.png', sizingMethod='scale');
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow .walletwarning div p a,
|
||||
.previewrow .walletwarning div p a:visited,
|
||||
.previewrow .walletwarning div p a:link,
|
||||
.previewrow .walletwarning div p a:active{
|
||||
background-color:#b95357;
|
||||
border:1px solid #a04246;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow .walletinfo .b1{
|
||||
background-image:url(/img/bubblewarntop.png);
|
||||
filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(src='/img/bubbleinfotop.png', sizingMethod='scale');
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow .walletinfo .b2{
|
||||
background-image:url(/img/bubblewarnmiddle.png);
|
||||
filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(src='/img/bubbleinfomiddle.png', sizingMethod='scale');
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow .walletinfo .b3{
|
||||
filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(src='/img/bubbleinfobottom.png', sizingMethod='scale');
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow .walletinfo div p a,
|
||||
.previewrow .walletinfo div p a:visited,
|
||||
.previewrow .walletinfo div p a:link,
|
||||
.previewrow .walletinfo div p a:active{
|
||||
background-color:#ee9209;
|
||||
border:1px solid #d57700;
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.press-faq div{
|
||||
width:400px;
|
||||
display:inline;
|
||||
|
|
232
_less/rtl.less
232
_less/rtl.less
|
@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ p{
|
|||
}
|
||||
.lang li ul li{
|
||||
font-family:Arial, sans-serif;
|
||||
text-align:right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.menusimple li a,
|
||||
.menusimple li a:active,
|
||||
|
@ -40,10 +41,10 @@ p{
|
|||
right:0;
|
||||
left:auto;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.footer{
|
||||
padding:20px 40px 20px 0;
|
||||
.footermenu{
|
||||
display:inline-block;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.footer>div>a{
|
||||
.footermenu a{
|
||||
margin-right:0;
|
||||
margin-left:15px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -76,49 +77,18 @@ h2 .rssicon{
|
|||
.contributors{
|
||||
text-align:right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.contributors span{
|
||||
direction:ltr;
|
||||
.credit{
|
||||
text-align:right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.downloadbox div{
|
||||
text-align:right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow{
|
||||
text-align:right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow>div{
|
||||
margin-right:auto;
|
||||
margin-left:15px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow>div>a{
|
||||
line-height:1.2em;
|
||||
font-family:Arial, sans-serif;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow>div:first-child+div+div,
|
||||
.previewrow>div:first-child+div+div+div+div+div{
|
||||
margin-left:0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow>div>div>div>span{
|
||||
right:auto;
|
||||
left:30px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow>div>div>div>h2{
|
||||
text-align:right;
|
||||
font-family:Arial, sans-serif;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.previewrow>div>div>div>h2:first-child+span+p{
|
||||
line-height:1.5em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.index a,
|
||||
.index a:link,
|
||||
.index a:active,
|
||||
.index a:visited{
|
||||
line-height:2em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.pleftfloat img{
|
||||
float:right;
|
||||
margin-right:auto;
|
||||
margin-left:10px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.resources{
|
||||
text-align:right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -159,14 +129,163 @@ h2 .rssicon{
|
|||
left:0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.mainlist>div>div{
|
||||
text-align:right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.mainlist img{
|
||||
margin-left:10px;
|
||||
float:right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.start{
|
||||
text-align:right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.start>div>div:first-child{
|
||||
padding-right:0;
|
||||
padding-left:40px;
|
||||
border-right:0;
|
||||
border-left:1px solid #e0e0e0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.start>div>div:first-child+div{
|
||||
padding-left:0;
|
||||
padding-right:40px;
|
||||
border-left:0;
|
||||
border-right:1px solid #e0e0e0;
|
||||
margin-right:-1px
|
||||
}
|
||||
.start div div div a,
|
||||
.start div div div a:link,
|
||||
.start div div div a:active,
|
||||
.start div div div a:visited{
|
||||
padding:0 8px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.foundation-banner a,
|
||||
.foundation-banner a:link,
|
||||
.foundation-banner a:active,
|
||||
.foundation-banner a:visited{
|
||||
direction:ltr;
|
||||
display:inline-block;
|
||||
margin-left:0;
|
||||
margin-right:6px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.listtable div div{
|
||||
text-align:right;
|
||||
padding-right:0;
|
||||
padding-left:20px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.eventtable div div{
|
||||
text-align:right;
|
||||
padding-right:0;
|
||||
padding-left:20px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.tablehalf{
|
||||
left:0;
|
||||
right:-40px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.tablehalf div{
|
||||
margin-left:0;
|
||||
margin-right:40px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.tablehalf p{
|
||||
text-align:right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.walletmenu ul{
|
||||
text-align:right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.walletmenu ul li a{
|
||||
padding:8px 42px 5px 10px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.walletmenu ul li{
|
||||
font-family:'DroidNaskh', sans-serif;
|
||||
background-position:right 6px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.walletmenu ul li.active,
|
||||
.walletmenu ul li.select{
|
||||
background-position:right -62px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.walletmenu ul li ul{
|
||||
left:auto;
|
||||
right:0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.walletmenu ul li ul li.select a{
|
||||
background-position:8px center;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.wallets{
|
||||
text-align:right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.wallets>div>a,
|
||||
.wallets>div>a:visited,
|
||||
.wallets>div>a:link,
|
||||
.wallets>div>a:active{
|
||||
line-height:1.2em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.wallets>div>div>h2:first-child+div{
|
||||
margin-left:0;
|
||||
margin-right:10px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.wallets>div>div>h2:first-child+div+div{
|
||||
margin:2px 0 8px 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.wallets>div>div>h2:first-child+div+div>a,
|
||||
.wallets>div>div>h2:first-child+div+div>a:visited,
|
||||
.wallets>div>div>h2:first-child+div+div>a:link,
|
||||
.wallets>div>div>h2:first-child+div+div>a:active{
|
||||
padding:0 8px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.wallets>div>div>h2:first-child+div+div+div+p{
|
||||
padding-right:0;
|
||||
padding-left:5px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.wallets>div>div>h2:first-child+div+div+div>div{
|
||||
padding:5px 22px 5px 0;
|
||||
background-position:right 4px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.wallets>div>div>h2:first-child+div+div+div>div>div{
|
||||
margin-left:0;
|
||||
margin-right:5px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.wallets>div>div>h2:first-child+div+div+div>div>div>span{
|
||||
left:0;
|
||||
right:15px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.wallets>div>div>h2:first-child+div+div+div>div>div>div,
|
||||
.wallets>div>div>h2:first-child+div+div+div>div>div>p{
|
||||
left:auto;
|
||||
right:30px
|
||||
}
|
||||
.wallets>div>div>h2:first-child+div+div+div+p+div{
|
||||
right:auto;
|
||||
left:20px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.wallets .checkgood>div>span{
|
||||
background-image:url(/img/checkbubble_pass_rtl.svg);
|
||||
}
|
||||
.wallets .checkpass>div>span{
|
||||
background-image:url(/img/checkbubble_pass_rtl.svg);
|
||||
}
|
||||
.wallets .checkfail>div>span{
|
||||
background-image:url(/img/checkbubble_fail_rtl.svg);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.warningicon{
|
||||
margin-right:0;
|
||||
margin-left:6px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/*Override UbuntuBold by Droid Naskh*/
|
||||
|
||||
@font-face{font-family:'DroidNaskh';src:url('/font/droidnaskh-regular.eot');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}
|
||||
@font-face{font-family:'DroidNaskh';src:url('/font/droidnaskh-regular.ttf') format('truetype');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}
|
||||
@font-face{font-family:'DroidNaskh';src:url('/font/droidnaskh/droidnaskh-regular.eot');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}
|
||||
@font-face{font-family:'DroidNaskh';src:url('/font/droidnaskh/droidnaskh-regular.ttf') format('truetype');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}
|
||||
|
||||
/*Styles specific to mobiles*/
|
||||
|
||||
@media handheld, only screen and (max-device-height: 37em), only screen and (max-device-width: 50em){
|
||||
@media handheld, only screen and ( max-width: 60em ), only screen and ( max-device-width: 60em ){
|
||||
h1{
|
||||
text-align:right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -178,6 +297,9 @@ h2 .rssicon{
|
|||
padding:15px 10px 20px 10px;
|
||||
text-align:right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.footermenu{
|
||||
display:block;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.resources>div>div:first-child{
|
||||
padding-left:0;
|
||||
border-left:0;
|
||||
|
@ -187,6 +309,21 @@ h2 .rssicon{
|
|||
padding-right:0;
|
||||
margin-right:0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.wallets.walletsmobile>div>div>h2:first-child+div+div+div>div{
|
||||
padding:8px 22px 8px 0;
|
||||
background-position:right 7px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.wallets.walletsmobile>div>div>h2:first-child+div+div+div>div:hover>div{
|
||||
margin-right:0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.wallets.walletsmobile>div>div>h2:first-child+div+div+div>div>div>div,
|
||||
.wallets.walletsmobile>div>div>h2:first-child+div+div+div>div>div>p{
|
||||
left:0;
|
||||
right:-20px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.walletsdisclaimer p{
|
||||
text-align:right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.download{
|
||||
text-align:right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -203,4 +340,21 @@ h2 .rssicon{
|
|||
.download div p{
|
||||
text-align:right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.mainlist>div:first-child,
|
||||
.mainlist>div:first-child+div,
|
||||
.mainlist>div:first-child+div+div{
|
||||
text-align:right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.start>div>div:first-child{
|
||||
border-left:0;
|
||||
padding-left:0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.start>div>div:first-child+div{
|
||||
border-right:0;
|
||||
padding-right:0;
|
||||
margin-right:0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.tablehalf div{
|
||||
margin-right:0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -14,3 +14,6 @@ h1,h2{
|
|||
.mainbutton a:active{
|
||||
font-family:Arial, sans-serif;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.walletmenu ul li{
|
||||
font-family:Arial, sans-serif;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
1299
_less/screen.less
1299
_less/screen.less
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
83
_plugins/autocrossref.rb
Normal file
83
_plugins/autocrossref.rb
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
|
|||
## autocrossref.rb automatically adds cross reference links in documentation
|
||||
## texts using the list of words defined in _autocrossref.yaml.
|
||||
|
||||
## Example:
|
||||
## {% autocrossref %}
|
||||
## ...content...
|
||||
## {% endautocrossref %}
|
||||
|
||||
## If you have a patten you usually want to match (such as "satoshi"
|
||||
## (currency)) but which may appear a few times where you don't want it
|
||||
## to match (such as "Satoshi" (name)), append a <!--noref--> HTML comment.
|
||||
## E.g.: Bitcoin was invented by Satoshi<!--noref--> Nakamoto.
|
||||
|
||||
## An alternative match-prevention method, useful for strings inside ``
|
||||
## (code) is to make it look to the parser like the string is inside of
|
||||
## a do-not-parse [bracket] expression. E.g. [paymentrequest][] would
|
||||
## otherwise match this:
|
||||
## <!--[-->`src/qt/paymentrequest.proto`<!--]-->
|
||||
|
||||
module Jekyll
|
||||
|
||||
require 'yaml'
|
||||
|
||||
class AutoCrossRefBlock < Liquid::Block
|
||||
|
||||
def initialize(tag_name, text, tokens)
|
||||
super
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
def render(context)
|
||||
output = super
|
||||
|
||||
## Workaround for inconsistent relative directory
|
||||
path = File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__)) + "/.."
|
||||
## Load terms from file
|
||||
site = context.registers[:site].config
|
||||
if !site.has_key?("crossref")
|
||||
site['crossref'] = YAML.load_file(path + "/_autocrossref.yaml")
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
## Sort terms by reverse length, so longest matches get linked
|
||||
## first (e.g. "block chain" before "block"). Otherwise short
|
||||
## terms would get linked first and there'd be nothing for long
|
||||
## terms to link to.
|
||||
site['crossref'].sort_by { |k, v| -k.length }.each { |term|
|
||||
|
||||
term[1] = term[0] if term[1].nil? || term[1].empty?
|
||||
|
||||
term[0] = Regexp.escape(term[0])
|
||||
|
||||
## Replace literal space with \s to match across newlines. This
|
||||
## can do weird things if you don't end sentences with a period,
|
||||
## such as linking together "standard" and "transactions" in
|
||||
## something like this:
|
||||
### * RFC1234 is a standard
|
||||
###
|
||||
### Transactions are cool
|
||||
term[0].gsub!('\ ', '\s+')
|
||||
|
||||
output.gsub!(/
|
||||
(?<!\w) ## Don't match inside words
|
||||
#{term[0]}('s)? ## Find our key
|
||||
(?![^\[]*\]) ## No subst if key inside [brackets]
|
||||
(?![^\{]*\}) ## No subst if key inside {braces}
|
||||
(?![^\s]*<!--noref-->) ## No subst if <!--noref--> after key
|
||||
(?!((?!<pre>).)*(<\/pre>)) ## No subst on a line with a closing pre tag. This
|
||||
## prevents matching in {% highlight %} code blocks.
|
||||
(?![^\(]*(\.svg|\.png)) ## No subst if key inside an image name. This
|
||||
## simple regex has the side effect that we can't
|
||||
## use .svg or .png in non-image base text; if that
|
||||
## becomes an issue, we can devise a more complex
|
||||
## regex
|
||||
(?!\w) ## Don't match inside words
|
||||
/xmi, "[\\&][#{term[1]}]{:.auto-link}")
|
||||
}
|
||||
output.gsub!(/<!--.*?-->/m,'') ## Remove all HTML comments
|
||||
|
||||
output
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
Liquid::Template.register_tag('autocrossref', Jekyll::AutoCrossRefBlock)
|
|
@ -4,67 +4,97 @@
|
|||
|
||||
require 'open-uri'
|
||||
require 'json'
|
||||
require 'yaml'
|
||||
|
||||
module Jekyll
|
||||
|
||||
class CategoryGenerator < Generator
|
||||
def fetch_contributors
|
||||
page = 1
|
||||
|
||||
def contributors(repo, aliases)
|
||||
contributors = []
|
||||
# Call GitHub API with 100 results per page
|
||||
page = 1
|
||||
data = []
|
||||
while page < 10 do
|
||||
begin
|
||||
ar = JSON.parse(open("https://api.github.com/repos/bitcoin/bitcoin/contributors?page=#{page}&per_page=100","User-Agent"=>"Ruby/#{RUBY_VERSION}").read)
|
||||
ar = JSON.parse(open("https://api.github.com/repos/"+repo+"/contributors?page=#{page}&per_page=100","User-Agent"=>"Ruby/#{RUBY_VERSION}").read)
|
||||
# Prevent any error to stop the build process, return an empty array instead
|
||||
rescue
|
||||
print 'GitHub API Call Failed!'
|
||||
break
|
||||
end
|
||||
if !ar.is_a?(Array)
|
||||
print 'GitHub API Call Failed!'
|
||||
return contributors
|
||||
end
|
||||
if ar.length > 100
|
||||
print 'GitHub API exceeding the 100 results limit!'
|
||||
return contributors
|
||||
end
|
||||
# Stop calling GitHub API when no new results are returned
|
||||
break if (ar.length == 0)
|
||||
contributors.push(*ar)
|
||||
# Merge contributors into a single array
|
||||
data.push(*ar)
|
||||
page += 1
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
contributors.map do |x|
|
||||
x['name'] = x['login'] unless x.has_key?('name')
|
||||
x['name'] = x['login'] if x['name'] == ""
|
||||
|
||||
x
|
||||
# Loop in returned results array
|
||||
result = {}
|
||||
for c in data
|
||||
# Skip incomplete / invalid data and set contributor's name
|
||||
next if !c.is_a?(Hash)
|
||||
next if !c.has_key?('contributions') or !c['contributions'].is_a?(Integer) or c['contributions'] > 1000000
|
||||
if c.has_key?('name') and c['name'].is_a?(String) and /^[A-Za-z0-9\-]{1,150}$/.match(c['name'])
|
||||
name = c['name']
|
||||
elsif c.has_key?('login') and c['login'].is_a?(String) and /^[A-Za-z0-9\-]{1,150}$/.match(c['login'])
|
||||
name = c['login']
|
||||
else
|
||||
next
|
||||
end
|
||||
# Replace name by its corresponding alias if defined in _config.yml
|
||||
name = aliases[name] if aliases.has_key?(name)
|
||||
# Assign variables
|
||||
x = {}
|
||||
x['name'] = name
|
||||
x['contributions'] = c['contributions']
|
||||
# Set gravatar_id when available
|
||||
if c.has_key?('gravatar_id') and c['gravatar_id'].is_a?(String) and /^[A-Za-z0-9\-]{1,150}$/.match(c['gravatar_id'])
|
||||
x['gravatar_id'] = c['gravatar_id']
|
||||
end
|
||||
# Set login when available
|
||||
if c.has_key?('login') and c['login'].is_a?(String) and /^[A-Za-z0-9\-]{1,150}$/.match(c['login'])
|
||||
x['login'] = c['login']
|
||||
end
|
||||
# Add new contributor to the array, or increase contributions if it already exists
|
||||
if result.has_key?(name)
|
||||
result[name]['contributions'] += x['contributions']
|
||||
else
|
||||
result[name] = x
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
def merge_contributors(contributors, aliases)
|
||||
contributors = contributors.map do |c|
|
||||
c['name'] = aliases[c['name']] if aliases.has_key?(c['name'])
|
||||
|
||||
c
|
||||
# Generate final ordered contributors array
|
||||
result.each do |key, value|
|
||||
contributors.push(value)
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
hoaoh = contributors.reduce({}) do |result, item|
|
||||
result.merge({ item['name'] => [item] }) { |key, old, new| old[0]['contributions'] += new[0]['contributions']; old }
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
hoaoh.values.map { |sublist|
|
||||
sublist.reduce({}) do |merged,h|
|
||||
merged.merge(h) do |key,old,new| (key=='name' ? old : old+new) end
|
||||
end
|
||||
}.flatten
|
||||
contributors.sort_by{|c| - c['contributions']}
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
def generate(site)
|
||||
# Set site.contributors global variables for liquid/jekyll
|
||||
class << site
|
||||
attr_accessor :contributors
|
||||
|
||||
attr_accessor :corecontributors
|
||||
attr_accessor :sitecontributors
|
||||
alias contrib_site_payload site_payload
|
||||
def site_payload
|
||||
h = contrib_site_payload
|
||||
payload = h["site"]
|
||||
payload["contributors"] = self.contributors
|
||||
payload["corecontributors"] = self.corecontributors
|
||||
payload["sitecontributors"] = self.sitecontributors
|
||||
h["site"] = payload
|
||||
h
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
site.contributors = merge_contributors(fetch_contributors(), site.config['aliases']).sort_by{|c| - c['contributions']}
|
||||
# Populate site.corecontributors and site.sitecontributors arrays
|
||||
site.corecontributors = contributors('bitcoin/bitcoin',site.config['aliases'])
|
||||
site.sitecontributors = contributors('bitcoin/bitcoin.org',site.config['aliases'])
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -51,20 +51,20 @@ module Jekyll
|
|||
Dir.foreach('.') do |file1|
|
||||
if /^[a-z]{2}(_[A-Z]{2})?$/.match(file1) and File.directory?(file1)
|
||||
Dir.foreach(file1) do |file2|
|
||||
next if !/\.html$/.match(file2)
|
||||
next if !/\.html$|\.md$/.match(file2)
|
||||
data = File.read(file1+'/'+file2)
|
||||
sitemap.puts '<url>'
|
||||
sitemap.puts ' <loc>https://bitcoin.org/'+file1+'/'+file2.gsub('.html','')+'</loc>'
|
||||
sitemap.puts ' <loc>https://bitcoin.org/'+file1+'/'+file2.gsub('.html','').gsub('.md','')+'</loc>'
|
||||
sitemap.puts '</url>'
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
next if !/\.html$/.match(file1)
|
||||
next if file1 == 'index.html'
|
||||
next if !/\.html$|\.md$/.match(file1)
|
||||
next if file1 == 'index.html' or file1 == '404.html' or file1 == 'README.md'
|
||||
#Ignore google webmaster tools
|
||||
data = File.read(file1)
|
||||
next if !data.index('google-site-verification:').nil?
|
||||
sitemap.puts '<url>'
|
||||
sitemap.puts ' <loc>https://bitcoin.org/'+file1.gsub('.html','')+'</loc>'
|
||||
sitemap.puts ' <loc>https://bitcoin.org/'+file1.gsub('.html','').gsub('.md','')+'</loc>'
|
||||
sitemap.puts '</url>'
|
||||
end
|
||||
#Add english alerts pages
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ module Jekyll
|
|||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
#define id, category and lang
|
||||
defaulten = true
|
||||
lang = Liquid::Template.parse("{{page.lang}}").render context
|
||||
cat = Liquid::Template.parse("{{page.id}}").render context
|
||||
id=@id.split(' ')
|
||||
|
@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ module Jekyll
|
|||
end
|
||||
if !id[2].nil?
|
||||
lang = Liquid::Template.parse(id[2]).render context
|
||||
defaulten = false
|
||||
end
|
||||
id=Liquid::Template.parse(id[0]).render context
|
||||
if lang == ''
|
||||
|
@ -63,9 +65,17 @@ module Jekyll
|
|||
if ar.has_key?(id) && ar[id].is_a?(String)
|
||||
text = ar[id]
|
||||
end
|
||||
#urlencode if string is a url
|
||||
if cat == 'url'
|
||||
text=CGI::escape(text)
|
||||
#fallback to English if string is empty
|
||||
if text == '' and defaulten == true
|
||||
lang = 'en'
|
||||
ar = site['loc'][lang]
|
||||
for key in keys do
|
||||
break if !ar.is_a?(Hash) || !ar.has_key?(key) || !ar[key].is_a?(Hash)
|
||||
ar = ar[key]
|
||||
end
|
||||
if ar.has_key?(id) && ar[id].is_a?(String)
|
||||
text = ar[id]
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
#replace urls and anchors in string
|
||||
url = site['loc'][lang]['url']
|
||||
|
|
214
_releases/2014-06-16-v0.9.2.md
Normal file
214
_releases/2014-06-16-v0.9.2.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: Bitcoin Core version 0.9.2 released
|
||||
---
|
||||
Bitcoin Core version 0.9.2 is now available from:
|
||||
|
||||
<https://bitcoin.org/bin/0.9.2/>
|
||||
|
||||
This is a new minor version release, bringing mostly bug fixes and some minor
|
||||
improvements. OpenSSL has been updated because of a security issue (CVE-2014-0224).
|
||||
Upgrading to this release is recommended.
|
||||
|
||||
Please report bugs using the issue tracker at github:
|
||||
|
||||
<https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues>
|
||||
|
||||
Upgrading and downgrading
|
||||
==========================
|
||||
|
||||
How to Upgrade
|
||||
--------------
|
||||
|
||||
If you are running an older version, shut it down. Wait until it has completely
|
||||
shut down (which might take a few minutes for older versions), then run the
|
||||
installer (on Windows) or just copy over /Applications/Bitcoin-Qt (on Mac) or
|
||||
bitcoind/bitcoin-qt (on Linux).
|
||||
|
||||
If you are upgrading from version 0.7.2 or earlier, the first time you run
|
||||
0.9.2 your blockchain files will be re-indexed, which will take anywhere from
|
||||
30 minutes to several hours, depending on the speed of your machine.
|
||||
|
||||
Downgrading warnings
|
||||
--------------------
|
||||
|
||||
The 'chainstate' for this release is not always compatible with previous
|
||||
releases, so if you run 0.9.x and then decide to switch back to a
|
||||
0.8.x release you might get a blockchain validation error when starting the
|
||||
old release (due to 'pruned outputs' being omitted from the index of
|
||||
unspent transaction outputs).
|
||||
|
||||
Running the old release with the -reindex option will rebuild the chainstate
|
||||
data structures and correct the problem.
|
||||
|
||||
Also, the first time you run a 0.8.x release on a 0.9 wallet it will rescan
|
||||
the blockchain for missing spent coins, which will take a long time (tens
|
||||
of minutes on a typical machine).
|
||||
|
||||
Important changes
|
||||
==================
|
||||
|
||||
Gitian OSX build
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
|
||||
The deterministic build system that was already used for Windows and Linux
|
||||
builds is now used for OSX as well. Although the resulting executables have
|
||||
been tested quite a bit, there could be possible regressions. Be sure to report
|
||||
these on the Github bug tracker mentioned above.
|
||||
|
||||
Compatibility of Linux build
|
||||
-----------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
For Linux we now build against Qt 4.6, and filter the symbols for libstdc++ and glibc.
|
||||
This brings back compatibility with
|
||||
|
||||
- Debian 6+ / Tails
|
||||
- Ubuntu 10.04
|
||||
- CentOS 6.5
|
||||
|
||||
0.9.2 Release notes
|
||||
=======================
|
||||
|
||||
The OpenSSL dependency in the gitian builds has been upgraded to 1.0.1h because of CVE-2014-0224.
|
||||
|
||||
RPC:
|
||||
|
||||
- Add `getwalletinfo`, `getblockchaininfo` and `getnetworkinfo` calls (will replace hodge-podge `getinfo` at some point)
|
||||
- Add a `relayfee` field to `getnetworkinfo`
|
||||
- Fix RPC related shutdown hangs and leaks
|
||||
- Always show syncnode in `getpeerinfo`
|
||||
- `sendrawtransaction`: report the reject code and reason, and make it possible to re-send transactions that are already in the mempool
|
||||
- `getmininginfo` show right genproclimit
|
||||
|
||||
Command-line options:
|
||||
|
||||
- Fix `-printblocktree` output
|
||||
- Show error message if ReadConfigFile fails
|
||||
|
||||
Block-chain handling and storage:
|
||||
|
||||
- Fix for GetBlockValue() after block 13,440,000 (BIP42)
|
||||
- Upgrade leveldb to 1.17
|
||||
|
||||
Protocol and network code:
|
||||
|
||||
- Per-peer block download tracking and stalled download detection
|
||||
- Add new DNS seed from bitnodes.io
|
||||
- Prevent socket leak in ThreadSocketHandler and correct some proxy related socket leaks
|
||||
- Use pnode->nLastRecv as sync score (was the wrong way around)
|
||||
|
||||
Wallet:
|
||||
|
||||
- Make GetAvailableCredit run GetHash() only once per transaction (performance improvement)
|
||||
- Lower paytxfee warning threshold from 0.25 BTC to 0.01 BTC
|
||||
- Fix importwallet nTimeFirstKey (trigger necessary rescans)
|
||||
- Log BerkeleyDB version at startup
|
||||
- CWallet init fix
|
||||
|
||||
Build system:
|
||||
|
||||
- Add OSX build descriptors to gitian
|
||||
- Fix explicit --disable-qt-dbus
|
||||
- Don't require db_cxx.h when compiling with wallet disabled and GUI enabled
|
||||
- Improve missing boost error reporting
|
||||
- Upgrade miniupnpc version to 1.9
|
||||
- gitian-linux: --enable-glibc-back-compat for binary compatibility with old distributions
|
||||
- gitian: don't export any symbols from executable
|
||||
- gitian: build against Qt 4.6
|
||||
- devtools: add script to check symbols from Linux gitian executables
|
||||
- Remove build-time no-IPv6 setting
|
||||
|
||||
GUI:
|
||||
|
||||
- Fix various coin control visual issues
|
||||
- Show number of in/out connections in debug console
|
||||
- Show weeks as well as years behind for long timespans behind
|
||||
- Enable and disable the Show and Remove buttons for requested payments history based on whether any entry is selected.
|
||||
- Show also value for options overridden on command line in options dialog
|
||||
- Fill in label from address book also for URIs
|
||||
- Fixes feel when resizing the last column on tables (issue #2862)
|
||||
- Fix ESC in disablewallet mode
|
||||
- Add expert section to wallet tab in optionsdialog
|
||||
- Do proper boost::path conversion (fixes unicode in datadir)
|
||||
- Only override -datadir if different from the default (fixes -datadir in config file)
|
||||
- Show rescan progress at start-up
|
||||
- Show importwallet progress
|
||||
- Get required locks upfront in polling functions (avoids hanging on locks)
|
||||
- Catch Windows shutdown events while client is running
|
||||
- Optionally add third party links to transaction context menu
|
||||
- Check for !pixmap() before trying to export QR code (avoids crashes when no QR code could be generated)
|
||||
- Fix "Start bitcoin on system login"
|
||||
|
||||
Miscellaneous:
|
||||
|
||||
- Replace non-threadsafe C functions (gmtime, strerror and setlocale)
|
||||
- Add missing cs_main and wallet locks
|
||||
- Avoid exception at startup when system locale not recognized
|
||||
- Changed bitrpc.py's raw_input to getpass for passwords to conceal characters during command line input
|
||||
- devtools: add a script to fetch and postprocess translations
|
||||
|
||||
Credits
|
||||
--------
|
||||
|
||||
Thanks to everyone who contributed to this release:
|
||||
|
||||
- Addy Yeow
|
||||
- Altoidnerd
|
||||
- Andrea D'Amore
|
||||
- Andreas Schildbach
|
||||
- Bardi Harborow
|
||||
- Brandon Dahler
|
||||
- Bryan Bishop
|
||||
- Chris Beams
|
||||
- Christian von Roques
|
||||
- Cory Fields
|
||||
- Cozz Lovan
|
||||
- daniel
|
||||
- Daniel Newton
|
||||
- David A. Harding
|
||||
- ditto-b
|
||||
- duanemoody
|
||||
- Eric S. Bullington
|
||||
- Fabian Raetz
|
||||
- Gavin Andresen
|
||||
- Gregory Maxwell
|
||||
- gubatron
|
||||
- Haakon Nilsen
|
||||
- harry
|
||||
- Hector Jusforgues
|
||||
- Isidoro Ghezzi
|
||||
- Jeff Garzik
|
||||
- Johnathan Corgan
|
||||
- jtimon
|
||||
- Kamil Domanski
|
||||
- langerhans
|
||||
- Luke Dashjr
|
||||
- Manuel Araoz
|
||||
- Mark Friedenbach
|
||||
- Matt Corallo
|
||||
- Matthew Bogosian
|
||||
- Meeh
|
||||
- Michael Ford
|
||||
- Michagogo
|
||||
- Mikael Wikman
|
||||
- Mike Hearn
|
||||
- olalonde
|
||||
- paveljanik
|
||||
- peryaudo
|
||||
- Philip Kaufmann
|
||||
- philsong
|
||||
- Pieter Wuille
|
||||
- R E Broadley
|
||||
- richierichrawr
|
||||
- Rune K. Svendsen
|
||||
- rxl
|
||||
- shshshsh
|
||||
- Simon de la Rouviere
|
||||
- Stuart Cardall
|
||||
- super3
|
||||
- Telepatheic
|
||||
- Thomas Zander
|
||||
- Torstein Husebø
|
||||
- Warren Togami
|
||||
- Wladimir J. van der Laan
|
||||
- Yoichi Hirai
|
||||
|
214
_releases/2014-06-19-v0.9.2.1.md
Normal file
214
_releases/2014-06-19-v0.9.2.1.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: Bitcoin Core version 0.9.2.1 released
|
||||
---
|
||||
Bitcoin Core version 0.9.2.1 is now available from:
|
||||
|
||||
<https://bitcoin.org/bin/0.9.2.1/>
|
||||
|
||||
This is a new minor version release, bringing mostly bug fixes and some minor
|
||||
improvements. OpenSSL has been updated because of a security issue (CVE-2014-0224).
|
||||
Upgrading to this release is recommended.
|
||||
|
||||
Please report bugs using the issue tracker at github:
|
||||
|
||||
<https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues>
|
||||
|
||||
Upgrading and downgrading
|
||||
==========================
|
||||
|
||||
How to Upgrade
|
||||
--------------
|
||||
|
||||
If you are running an older version, shut it down. Wait until it has completely
|
||||
shut down (which might take a few minutes for older versions), then run the
|
||||
installer (on Windows) or just copy over /Applications/Bitcoin-Qt (on Mac) or
|
||||
bitcoind/bitcoin-qt (on Linux).
|
||||
|
||||
If you are upgrading from version 0.7.2 or earlier, the first time you run
|
||||
0.9.2.1 your blockchain files will be re-indexed, which will take anywhere from
|
||||
30 minutes to several hours, depending on the speed of your machine.
|
||||
|
||||
Downgrading warnings
|
||||
--------------------
|
||||
|
||||
The 'chainstate' for this release is not always compatible with previous
|
||||
releases, so if you run 0.9.x and then decide to switch back to a
|
||||
0.8.x release you might get a blockchain validation error when starting the
|
||||
old release (due to 'pruned outputs' being omitted from the index of
|
||||
unspent transaction outputs).
|
||||
|
||||
Running the old release with the -reindex option will rebuild the chainstate
|
||||
data structures and correct the problem.
|
||||
|
||||
Also, the first time you run a 0.8.x release on a 0.9 wallet it will rescan
|
||||
the blockchain for missing spent coins, which will take a long time (tens
|
||||
of minutes on a typical machine).
|
||||
|
||||
Important changes
|
||||
==================
|
||||
|
||||
Gitian OSX build
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
|
||||
The deterministic build system that was already used for Windows and Linux
|
||||
builds is now used for OSX as well. Although the resulting executables have
|
||||
been tested quite a bit, there could be possible regressions. Be sure to report
|
||||
these on the Github bug tracker mentioned above.
|
||||
|
||||
Compatibility of Linux build
|
||||
-----------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
For Linux we now build against Qt 4.6, and filter the symbols for libstdc++ and glibc.
|
||||
This brings back compatibility with
|
||||
|
||||
- Debian 6+ / Tails
|
||||
- Ubuntu 10.04
|
||||
- CentOS 6.5
|
||||
|
||||
0.9.2 - 0.9.2.1 Release notes
|
||||
=======================
|
||||
|
||||
The OpenSSL dependency in the gitian builds has been upgraded to 1.0.1h because of CVE-2014-0224.
|
||||
|
||||
RPC:
|
||||
|
||||
- Add `getwalletinfo`, `getblockchaininfo` and `getnetworkinfo` calls (will replace hodge-podge `getinfo` at some point)
|
||||
- Add a `relayfee` field to `getnetworkinfo`
|
||||
- Fix RPC related shutdown hangs and leaks
|
||||
- Always show syncnode in `getpeerinfo`
|
||||
- `sendrawtransaction`: report the reject code and reason, and make it possible to re-send transactions that are already in the mempool
|
||||
- `getmininginfo` show right genproclimit
|
||||
|
||||
Command-line options:
|
||||
|
||||
- Fix `-printblocktree` output
|
||||
- Show error message if ReadConfigFile fails
|
||||
|
||||
Block-chain handling and storage:
|
||||
|
||||
- Fix for GetBlockValue() after block 13,440,000 (BIP42)
|
||||
- Upgrade leveldb to 1.17
|
||||
|
||||
Protocol and network code:
|
||||
|
||||
- Per-peer block download tracking and stalled download detection
|
||||
- Add new DNS seed from bitnodes.io
|
||||
- Prevent socket leak in ThreadSocketHandler and correct some proxy related socket leaks
|
||||
- Use pnode->nLastRecv as sync score (was the wrong way around)
|
||||
|
||||
Wallet:
|
||||
|
||||
- Make GetAvailableCredit run GetHash() only once per transaction (performance improvement)
|
||||
- Lower paytxfee warning threshold from 0.25 BTC to 0.01 BTC
|
||||
- Fix importwallet nTimeFirstKey (trigger necessary rescans)
|
||||
- Log BerkeleyDB version at startup
|
||||
- CWallet init fix
|
||||
|
||||
Build system:
|
||||
|
||||
- Add OSX build descriptors to gitian
|
||||
- Fix explicit --disable-qt-dbus
|
||||
- Don't require db_cxx.h when compiling with wallet disabled and GUI enabled
|
||||
- Improve missing boost error reporting
|
||||
- Upgrade miniupnpc version to 1.9
|
||||
- gitian-linux: --enable-glibc-back-compat for binary compatibility with old distributions
|
||||
- gitian: don't export any symbols from executable
|
||||
- gitian: build against Qt 4.6
|
||||
- devtools: add script to check symbols from Linux gitian executables
|
||||
- Remove build-time no-IPv6 setting
|
||||
|
||||
GUI:
|
||||
|
||||
- Fix various coin control visual issues
|
||||
- Show number of in/out connections in debug console
|
||||
- Show weeks as well as years behind for long timespans behind
|
||||
- Enable and disable the Show and Remove buttons for requested payments history based on whether any entry is selected.
|
||||
- Show also value for options overridden on command line in options dialog
|
||||
- Fill in label from address book also for URIs
|
||||
- Fixes feel when resizing the last column on tables (issue #2862)
|
||||
- Fix ESC in disablewallet mode
|
||||
- Add expert section to wallet tab in optionsdialog
|
||||
- Do proper boost::path conversion (fixes unicode in datadir)
|
||||
- Only override -datadir if different from the default (fixes -datadir in config file)
|
||||
- Show rescan progress at start-up
|
||||
- Show importwallet progress
|
||||
- Get required locks upfront in polling functions (avoids hanging on locks)
|
||||
- Catch Windows shutdown events while client is running
|
||||
- Optionally add third party links to transaction context menu
|
||||
- Check for !pixmap() before trying to export QR code (avoids crashes when no QR code could be generated)
|
||||
- Fix "Start bitcoin on system login"
|
||||
|
||||
Miscellaneous:
|
||||
|
||||
- Replace non-threadsafe C functions (gmtime, strerror and setlocale)
|
||||
- Add missing cs_main and wallet locks
|
||||
- Avoid exception at startup when system locale not recognized
|
||||
- Changed bitrpc.py's raw_input to getpass for passwords to conceal characters during command line input
|
||||
- devtools: add a script to fetch and postprocess translations
|
||||
|
||||
Credits
|
||||
--------
|
||||
|
||||
Thanks to everyone who contributed to this release:
|
||||
|
||||
- Addy Yeow
|
||||
- Altoidnerd
|
||||
- Andrea D'Amore
|
||||
- Andreas Schildbach
|
||||
- Bardi Harborow
|
||||
- Brandon Dahler
|
||||
- Bryan Bishop
|
||||
- Chris Beams
|
||||
- Christian von Roques
|
||||
- Cory Fields
|
||||
- Cozz Lovan
|
||||
- daniel
|
||||
- Daniel Newton
|
||||
- David A. Harding
|
||||
- ditto-b
|
||||
- duanemoody
|
||||
- Eric S. Bullington
|
||||
- Fabian Raetz
|
||||
- Gavin Andresen
|
||||
- Gregory Maxwell
|
||||
- gubatron
|
||||
- Haakon Nilsen
|
||||
- harry
|
||||
- Hector Jusforgues
|
||||
- Isidoro Ghezzi
|
||||
- Jeff Garzik
|
||||
- Johnathan Corgan
|
||||
- jtimon
|
||||
- Kamil Domanski
|
||||
- langerhans
|
||||
- Luke Dashjr
|
||||
- Manuel Araoz
|
||||
- Mark Friedenbach
|
||||
- Matt Corallo
|
||||
- Matthew Bogosian
|
||||
- Meeh
|
||||
- Michael Ford
|
||||
- Michagogo
|
||||
- Mikael Wikman
|
||||
- Mike Hearn
|
||||
- olalonde
|
||||
- paveljanik
|
||||
- peryaudo
|
||||
- Philip Kaufmann
|
||||
- philsong
|
||||
- Pieter Wuille
|
||||
- R E Broadley
|
||||
- richierichrawr
|
||||
- Rune K. Svendsen
|
||||
- rxl
|
||||
- shshshsh
|
||||
- Simon de la Rouviere
|
||||
- Stuart Cardall
|
||||
- super3
|
||||
- Telepatheic
|
||||
- Thomas Zander
|
||||
- Torstein Husebø
|
||||
- Warren Togami
|
||||
- Wladimir J. van der Laan
|
||||
- Yoichi Hirai
|
||||
|
|
@ -24,3 +24,41 @@ id: about-us
|
|||
|
||||
<h2>{% translate help %}</h2>
|
||||
<p>{% translate helptxt %}</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>{% translate maintenance %}</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="credit">
|
||||
<p><a href="mailto:saivann@gmail.com">Saïvann Carignan</a><span>Website maintenance</span></p>
|
||||
<p><a>Garland William Binns III</a><span>Translation maintenance</span></p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://dtrt.org/">David Harding</a><span>Documentation maintenance</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>{% translate documentation %}</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="credit">
|
||||
<p><a href="http://dtrt.org/">David Harding</a><span>Coordination and writing</span></p>
|
||||
<p><a>Greg Sanders</a><span>Writing</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>{% translate translation %}</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="credit">
|
||||
<p><a>Garland William Binns III</a><span>Maintenance</span></p>
|
||||
<p><a>Simon Alexander Hinterreiter</a><span>German</span></p>
|
||||
<p><a>Matija Mazi</a><span>Slovenian</span></p>
|
||||
<p><a>Mihai Onosie</a><span>Romanian</span></p>
|
||||
<p><a>Boštjan Pirnar</a><span>Slovenian</span></p>
|
||||
<p><a>Thomas Pryds</a><span>Danish</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>{% translate github %}</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="contributors">
|
||||
{% for c in site.sitecontributors %}
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>{% if c.gravatar_id %}<img src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/{{c.gravatar_id}}?s=140&d=mm" alt="icon" />{% else %}<img alt="icon" />{% endif %}</div>
|
||||
<div><a{% if c.login %} href="https://github.com/{{c.login}}"{% endif %}>{{ c.name | htmlescape }}</a></div>
|
||||
<div>({{ c.contributions }})</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
{% endfor %}
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -27,8 +27,9 @@ id: bitcoin-for-businesses
|
|||
<p>{% translate transparencytext %}</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' or 'pl' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% when 'fa' or 'pl' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
<div class="mainbutton"><a href="/en/{% translate getting-started url %}"><img src="/img/but_bitcoin.svg" alt="icon">{% translate getstarted layout %}</a></div>
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<div class="mainbutton"><a href="{% translate getting-started url %}"><img src="/img/but_bitcoin.svg" alt="icon">{% translate getstarted layout %}</a></div>
|
||||
<div class="mainbutton"><a href="/{{ page.lang }}/{% translate getting-started url %}"><img src="/img/but_bitcoin.svg" alt="icon">{% translate getstarted layout %}</a></div>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -23,11 +23,4 @@ id: bitcoin-for-developers
|
|||
<h2><img class="titleicon" src="/img/ico_micro.svg" alt="Icon" />{% translate micro %}</h2>
|
||||
<p>{% translate microtext %}</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' or 'pl' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<div class="introlink">{% translate serviceslist %}</div>
|
||||
<div class="introlink">{% translate apireference %}</div>
|
||||
<div class="mainbutton"><a href="{% translate getting-started url %}"><img src="/img/but_bitcoin.svg" alt="icon">{% translate getstarted layout %}</a></div>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="mainbutton"><a href="/en/developer-documentation"><img src="/img/but_bitcoin.svg" alt="icon">{% translate getstarted layout %}</a></div>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ id: bitcoin-for-individuals
|
|||
<p>{% translate anonymoustext %}</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' or 'pl' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% when 'fa' or 'pl' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
<div class="mainbutton"><a href="/en/{% translate getting-started url %}"><img src="/img/but_bitcoin.svg" alt="icon">{% translate getstarted layout %}</a></div>
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<div class="mainbutton"><a href="{% translate getting-started url %}"><img src="/img/but_bitcoin.svg" alt="icon">{% translate getstarted layout %}</a></div>
|
||||
<div class="mainbutton"><a href="/{{ page.lang }}/{% translate getting-started url %}"><img src="/img/but_bitcoin.svg" alt="icon">{% translate getstarted layout %}</a></div>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
|
@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ id: community
|
|||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h2><img src="/img/ico_invoice.svg" class="titleicon" alt="Icon">{% translate forums %}</h2>
|
||||
{% if page.lang == 'bg' %}<p><a href="http://bitcoinbg.eu/forum/">BitcoinBG.eu</a></p>{% endif %}
|
||||
{% if page.lang == 'bg' %}<p><a href="http://hash.bg/forum/">Hash.bg</a></p>{% endif %}
|
||||
{% if page.lang == 'es' %}<p><a href="http://forobitco.in/">ForoBitco.in en Español</a></p>{% endif %}
|
||||
{% if page.lang == 'es' %}<p><a href="http://www.forobtc.com/">Foro Bitcoin en Español</a></p>{% endif %}
|
||||
|
@ -27,7 +28,11 @@ id: community
|
|||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h2><img src="/img/ico_multi.svg" class="titleicon" alt="Icon">{% translate meetups %}</h2>
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'fa' %}
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<p><a href="/{{ page.lang }}/{% translate events url %}">{% translate meetupevents %}</a></p>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
<p><a href="http://bitcoin.meetup.com/">{% translate meetupgroup %}</a></p>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?board=86.0">{% translate meetupbitcointalk %}</a></p>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Meetups">{% translate meetupwiki %}</a></p>
|
||||
|
@ -52,8 +57,8 @@ id: community
|
|||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'bg' or 'fa' or 'id' or 'it' or 'nl' or 'pl' or 'tr' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
<h2>{% translate nonprofit community en %}</h2>
|
||||
{% when 'bg' or 'fa' or 'pl' or 'tr' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
<h2>{% translate nonprofit %}</h2>
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<h2><a name="{% translate non-profit anchor.community %}">{% translate nonprofit %}</a></h2>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
|
@ -106,20 +111,26 @@ id: community
|
|||
<a href="http://www.danskbitcoinforening.dk/">Dansk Bitcoinforening</a><br>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3><img src="/img/flags/FR.png">France</h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<a href="http://bitcoin-france.org/">Bitcoin France</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3><img src="/img/flags/DE.png">Germany</h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<a href="http://www.bundesverband-bitcoin.de/">Bundesverband Bitcoin e.V.</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3><img src="/img/flags/IN.png">India</h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<a href="http://www.bitcoinalliance.in/">Bitcoin Alliance of India</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3><img src="/img/flags/IE.png">Ireland</h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
@ -132,14 +143,14 @@ id: community
|
|||
<a href="http://www.bitcoin.org.il/">איגוד הביטקוין הישראלי</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3><img src="/img/flags/IT.png">Italy</h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<a href="https://www.bitcoin-italia.org/">Bitcoin Foundation Italia</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3><img src="/img/flags/MX.png">Mexico</h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
@ -152,15 +163,34 @@ id: community
|
|||
<a href="http://stichtingbitcoin.nl/">Stichting Bitcoin Nederland</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3><img src="/img/flags/RU.png">Russia</h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<a href="http://ccfr.info/">Crypto Currencies Foundation Russia</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3><img src="/img/flags/UA.png">Ukraine</h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<a href="http://www.bitcoinua.org/">Bitcoin Foundation Ukraine</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3><img src="/img/flags/SI.png">Slovenia</h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<a href="http://www.bitcoin.si/">Bitcoin Društvo Slovenije</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3><img src="/img/flags/SE.png">Sweden</h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<a href="http://www.bitcoinforeningen.se/">Svenska Bitcoinföreningen</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h3><img src="/img/flags/CH.png">Switzerland</h3>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -3,73 +3,71 @@ layout: base
|
|||
id: development
|
||||
---
|
||||
<h1>{% translate pagetitle %}</h1>
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' or 'pl' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<p class="summary">{% translate summary %}</p>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>{% translate spec %}</h2>
|
||||
<p>{% translate spectxt %}</p>
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'bg' or 'fa' or 'pl' or 'sv' or 'tr' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="/en/developer-documentation">Developer Documentation</a></li>
|
||||
<li>{% translate speclink1 %}</li>
|
||||
<li>{% translate speclink2 %}</li>
|
||||
<li>{% translate speclink3 %}</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>{% translate coredev %}</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>Satoshi Nakamoto - <a href="/satoshinakamoto.asc">PGP</a></li>
|
||||
<li>Gavin Andresen - <a href="mailto:gavinandresen@gmail.com">gavinandresen@gmail.com</a> - <a href="/gavinandresen.asc">PGP</a></li>
|
||||
<li>Pieter Wuille - <a href="mailto:pieter.wuille@gmail.com">pieter.wuille@gmail.com</a> - <a href="/pieterwuille.asc">PGP</a></li>
|
||||
<li>Nils Schneider - <a href="mailto:nils.schneider@gmail.com">nils.schneider@gmail.com</a> - <a href="/schneider.asc">PGP</a></li>
|
||||
<li>Jeff Garzik - <a href="mailto:jgarzik@bitpay.com">jgarzik@bitpay.com</a> - <a href="/jgarzik-bitpay.asc">PGP</a></li>
|
||||
<li>Wladimir J. van der Laan - <a href="mailto:laanwj@gmail.com">laanwj@gmail.com</a> - <a href="/laanwj.asc">PGP</a></li>
|
||||
<li>Gregory Maxwell - <a href="mailto:greg@xiph.org">greg@xiph.org</a> - <a href="/gmaxwell.asc">PGP</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<div class="listtable coredevtable">
|
||||
<div><div>Wladimir J. van der Laan</div><div><a href="mailto:laanwj@gmail.com">laanwj@gmail.com</a></div><div><a href="/laanwj.asc">PGP</a></div></div>
|
||||
<div><div>Gavin Andresen</div><div><a href="mailto:gavinandresen@gmail.com">gavinandresen@gmail.com</a></div><div><a href="/gavinandresen.asc">PGP</a></div></div>
|
||||
<div><div>Jeff Garzik</div><div><a href="mailto:jgarzik@bitpay.com">jgarzik@bitpay.com</a></div><div><a href="/jgarzik-bitpay.asc">PGP</a></div></div>
|
||||
<div><div>Gregory Maxwell</div><div><a href="mailto:greg@xiph.org">greg@xiph.org</a></div><div><a href="/gmaxwell.asc">PGP</a></div></div>
|
||||
<div><div>Satoshi Nakamoto</div><div></div><div><a href="/satoshinakamoto.asc">PGP</a></div></div>
|
||||
<div><div>Pieter Wuille</div><div><a href="mailto:pieter.wuille@gmail.com">pieter.wuille@gmail.com</a></div><div><a href="/pieterwuille.asc">PGP</a></div></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' or 'id' or 'pl' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<h2>{% translate disclosure %}</h2>
|
||||
<p><a href="mailto:bitcoin-security@lists.sourceforge.net">bitcoin-security@lists.sourceforge.net</a></p>
|
||||
<p>{% translate disclosuretxt %}</p>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>{% translate involve %}</h2>
|
||||
<p>{% translate involvetxt1 %}</p>
|
||||
<p>{% translate involvetxt2 %}</p>
|
||||
<div id="chatbox" class="chatbox"></div>
|
||||
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' %}
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<h2>{% translate more %}</h2>
|
||||
<ul class="devprojectlist">
|
||||
<li><a href="https://code.google.com/p/bitcoinj/">bitcoinj</a> - A Java implementation of a Bitcoin client-only node used in thin SPV Bitcoin clients.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://multibit.org/">MultiBit</a> - A thin SPV international Bitcoin client for desktops.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://github.com/schildbach/bitcoin-wallet/">Bitcoin Wallet for Android</a> - A thin SPV Bitcoin client for mobiles.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://github.com/etotheipi/BitcoinArmory">Armory</a> - A Bitcoin client with enhanced security features.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://electrum.org/community.html">Electrum</a> - A fast Bitcoin client relying on remote servers to store the block chain.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="http://bfgminer.com">BFGMiner</a> - Modular Bitcoin mining software.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Libblkmaker#For_developers">libblkmaker and python-blkmaker</a> - Client side libraries for the getblocktemplate mining protocol.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://github.com/hivewallet">Hive</a> - A fast user-friendly SPV Bitcoin client.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://github.com/jgarzik/picocoin">picocoin</a> - A tiny bitcoin library, with lightweight client and utils.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://github.com/petertodd/python-bitcoinlib">python-bitcoinlib</a> - A Python2/3 Bitcoin library.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://code.google.com/p/bitcoinj/">bitcoinj</a> - A Java implementation of a Bitcoin client-only node used in thin SPV Bitcoin clients.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://github.com/schildbach/bitcoin-wallet/">Bitcoin Wallet for Android</a> - A thin SPV Bitcoin client for mobiles.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://github.com/bitsofproof/supernode">Bits of Proof Enterprise Bitcoin Server</a> - A modular implementation of the Bitcoin protocol in Java.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://github.com/conformal/btcd">btcd</a> - A full node bitcoin implementation written in Go.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://electrum.org/community.html">Electrum</a> - A fast Bitcoin client relying on remote servers to store the block chain.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://gitorious.org/bitcoin/eloipool/">Eloipool</a> - A fast Python mining pool server software.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://github.com/hivewallet">Hive</a> - A fast user-friendly SPV Bitcoin client.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://github.com/libbitcoin/libbitcoin/">libbitcoin</a> - An asynchronous C++ library for Bitcoin.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Libblkmaker#For_developers">libblkmaker and python-blkmaker</a> - Client side libraries for the getblocktemplate mining protocol.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://multibit.org/">MultiBit</a> - A thin SPV international Bitcoin client for desktops.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://github.com/libbitcoin/obelisk/">obelisk</a> - A libbitcoin-based blockchain query server.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://github.com/jgarzik/picocoin">picocoin</a> - A tiny bitcoin library, with lightweight client and utils.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://github.com/petertodd/python-bitcoinlib">python-bitcoinlib</a> - A Python2/3 Bitcoin library.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://sx.dyne.org/">sx</a> - Modular Bitcoin commandline utilities.</li>
|
||||
<li class="more"><a href="#" onclick="librariesShow(event)">{% translate moremore %}</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
|
||||
<section id="contributors">
|
||||
<h2>{% translate contributors %}</h2>
|
||||
<p>{% translate contributorsorder %}</p>
|
||||
<div class="contributors">{% for c in site.contributors %}
|
||||
<span>
|
||||
{% if c.gravatar_id %}<img class="icon" height="16" width="16" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/{{c.gravatar_id}}?s=140&d=http%3A%2F%2Fbitcoin.org%2Fimg%2Fgravatar-140.png" alt="icon" />{% else %}<img class="icon" height="16" width="16" src="http://i0.wp.com/bitcoin.org/img/gravatar-140.png" alt="icon" />{% endif %}
|
||||
{% if c.login %}<a href="https://github.com/{{c.login}}">{{ c.name }} ({{ c.contributions }})</a>{% else %}{{ c.name }} ({{ c.contributions }}){% endif %}
|
||||
</span>{% endfor %}
|
||||
<div class="contributors">
|
||||
{% for c in site.corecontributors %}
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>{% if c.gravatar_id %}<img src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/{{c.gravatar_id}}?s=140&d=mm" alt="icon" />{% else %}<img alt="icon" />{% endif %}</div>
|
||||
<div><a{% if c.login %} href="https://github.com/{{c.login}}"{% endif %}>{{ c.name | htmlescape }}</a></div>
|
||||
<div>({{ c.contributions }})</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
{% endfor %}
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -15,26 +15,17 @@ id: download
|
|||
<div><img src="/img/os/med_win.png" alt="windows"> <a href="/bin/{{site.DOWNLOAD_VERSION}}/bitcoin-{{site.DOWNLOAD_VERSION}}-win.zip">Windows (zip)</a> <small>~61MB</small></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div><img src="/img/os/med_osx.png" alt="osx"> <a href="/bin/{{site.DOWNLOAD_VERSION}}/bitcoin-{{site.DOWNLOAD_VERSION}}-macosx-setup.dmg">Mac OS X</a> <small>~13MB</small></div>
|
||||
<div><img src="/img/os/med_osx.png" alt="osx"> <a href="/bin/{{site.DOWNLOAD_VERSION}}/bitcoin-{{site.DOWNLOAD_VERSION}}-osx.dmg">Mac OS X</a> <small>~13MB</small></div>
|
||||
<div><img src="/img/os/med_linux.png" alt="linux"> <a href="/bin/{{site.DOWNLOAD_VERSION}}/bitcoin-{{site.DOWNLOAD_VERSION}}-linux.tar.gz">Linux (tgz)</a> <small>~36MB</small></div>
|
||||
<div><img src="/img/os/med_ubuntu.svg" alt="ubuntu"> <a href="https://launchpad.net/~bitcoin/+archive/bitcoin">Ubuntu (PPA)</a> <small>~5MB</small></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<a href="/bin/{{site.DOWNLOAD_VERSION}}/SHA256SUMS.asc">{% case page.lang %}{% when 'ar' or 'fa' or 'id' or 'it' or 'nl' or 'pl' or 'tr' or 'zh_TW' %}{% translate downloadsig download en %}{% else %}{% translate downloadsig %}{% endcase %}</a><br>
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'bg' or 'fa' or 'id' or 'it' or 'nl' or 'pl' or 'tr' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
<a href="https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin">{% translate sourcecode download en %}</a><br>
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<a href="/bin/{{site.DOWNLOAD_VERSION}}/SHA256SUMS.asc">{% translate downloadsig %}</a><br>
|
||||
<a href="https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin">{% translate sourcecode %}</a><br>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
<a href="/en/version-history">{% translate versionhistory %}</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' or 'id' or 'it' or 'nl' or 'pl' or 'tr' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<h2><img src="/img/warning.svg" class="warningicon" alt="warning">{% translate patient %}</h2>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
<h2><img src="/img/note.svg" class="warningicon" alt="note">{% translate patient %}</h2>
|
||||
<p>{% translate notesync %}</p>
|
||||
<p>{% translate notelicense %}</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
@ -66,7 +57,7 @@ case 'ubuntu':
|
|||
break;
|
||||
case 'mac':
|
||||
but.getElementsByTagName('IMG')[0].src='/img/but_mac.svg';
|
||||
but.href='/bin/{{site.DOWNLOAD_VERSION}}/bitcoin-{{site.DOWNLOAD_VERSION}}-macosx-setup.dmg';
|
||||
but.href='/bin/{{site.DOWNLOAD_VERSION}}/bitcoin-{{site.DOWNLOAD_VERSION}}-osx.dmg';
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -35,14 +35,13 @@ map.addLayer(markers);
|
|||
</script>
|
||||
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'bg' or 'fa' or 'id' or 'it' or 'nl' or 'pl' or 'tr' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% when 'bg' or 'fa' or 'pl' or 'tr' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<h2>{% translate upcoming %}</h2>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
<div class="eventtable">
|
||||
<div class="listtable eventtable">
|
||||
{% filter_for p in site.conferences sort_by:date %}
|
||||
<div><div>{{ p.date | date:"%Y-%m-%d" }}</div><div><a href="{{ p.link | htmlescape }}">{{ p.title | htmlescape }}</a></div><div>{{ p.city | htmlescape }}, {{ p.country | htmlescape }}</div></div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
{% endfilter_for %}
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ id: faq
|
|||
---
|
||||
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' or 'id' or 'it' or 'nl' or 'pl' or 'tr' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% when 'fa' or 'nl' or 'pl' or 'tr' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
|
||||
<h1>{% translate pagetitle %}</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -198,18 +198,9 @@ id: faq
|
|||
|
||||
<h2><a name="{% translate legal anchor.faq %}">{% translate legal %}</a></h2>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h3><a name="{% translate islegal anchor.faq %}">{% translate islegal %}</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>{% translate islegaltxt1 %}</p>
|
||||
<p>{% translate islegaltxt2 %}</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/virtualcurrencyschemes201210en.pdf">Virtual Currency Schemes - European Central Bank</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="http://www.fincen.gov/statutes_regs/guidance/pdf/FIN-2013-G001.pdf">Application of FinCEN’s Regulations to Persons Administering, Exchanging, or Using Virtual Currencies</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="http://www.fincen.gov/news_room/rp/rulings/pdf/FIN-2014-R001.pdf">Application of FinCEN’s Regulations to Virtual Currency Mining Operations</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="http://www.fincen.gov/news_room/rp/rulings/pdf/FIN-2014-R002.pdf">Application of FinCEN’s Regulations to Virtual Currency Software Development and Certain Investment Activity</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h3><a name="{% translate illegalactivities anchor.faq %}">{% translate illegalactivities %}</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>{% translate illegalactivitiestxt1 %}</p>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ id: getting-started
|
|||
<p class="summary">{% translate pagedesc %}</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' or 'id' or 'it' or 'nl' or 'pl' or 'tr' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% when 'fa' or 'pl' or 'tr' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<div class="starttitle"><a>{% translate users %}</a></div>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
|
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ id: getting-started
|
|||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' or 'id' or 'it' or 'nl' or 'pl' or 'tr' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% when 'fa' or 'pl' or 'tr' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<div class="starttitle"><a>{% translate merchants %}</a></div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ layout: base
|
|||
id: index
|
||||
---
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' or 'pl' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% when 'fa' or 'pl' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
|
||||
<h1>{% translate pagetitle %}</h1>
|
||||
<p style="font-size:125%;">{% translate listintro %}</p>
|
||||
|
@ -19,11 +19,7 @@ id: index
|
|||
{% else %}
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="mainsummary">{% translate listintro %}</p>
|
||||
{% if page.lang == 'en' %}
|
||||
<div class="mainvideo"><iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/Gc2en3nHxA4?rel=0&showinfo=0&wmode=opaque{% if page.lang != 'en' %}&cc_load_policy=1&hl={{ page.lang }}&cc_lang_pref={{ page.lang }}{% endif %}" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<div class="mainvideo"><iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/Um63OQz3bjo?rel=0&showinfo=0&wmode=opaque{% if page.lang != 'en' %}&cc_load_policy=1&hl={{ page.lang }}&cc_lang_pref={{ page.lang }}{% endif %}" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
|
||||
{% endif %}
|
||||
<div class="mainlist">
|
||||
<div><div><img src="/img/main_ico_instant.svg" alt="Icon"><div>{% translate list1 %}</div></div></div>
|
||||
<div><div><img src="/img/main_ico_worldwide.svg" alt="Icon"><div>{% translate list2 %}</div></div></div>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ layout: base
|
|||
id: innovation
|
||||
---
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' or 'id' or 'it' or 'nl' or 'pl' or 'tr' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% when 'fa' or 'nl' or 'pl' or 'tr' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
|
||||
<h1>{% translate pagetitle %}</h1>
|
||||
<p class="summarytxt">{% translate summary %}</p>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ id: resources
|
|||
<h2><img src="/img/ico_simple.svg" class="titleicon" alt="Icon">{% translate useful %}</h2>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://bitcoinfoundation.org/">Bitcoin Foundation</a></p>
|
||||
<p>{% translate linkwiki %}</p>
|
||||
{% if page.lang == 'fr' %}<p><a href="http://francebitcoin.com/">France Bitcoin</a></p>{% endif %}
|
||||
<p><a href="https://www.weusecoins.com/">WeUseCoins.com</a></p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://www.bitcoinmining.com/">BitcoinMining.com</a></p>
|
||||
</div><div>
|
||||
|
@ -24,8 +25,9 @@ id: resources
|
|||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h2><img src="/img/ico_spread.svg" class="titleicon" alt="Icon">{% translate news %}</h2>
|
||||
{% if page.lang == 'fr' %}<p><a href="http://le-coin-coin.fr/">Le Coin Coin</a></p>{% endif %}
|
||||
{% if page.lang == 'fr' %}<p><a href="http://www.bitcoin.fr/">Bitcoin.fr</a></p>{% endif %}
|
||||
{% if page.lang == 'bg' %}<p><a href="http://hash.bg/">Hash.bg</a></p>{% endif %}
|
||||
{% if page.lang == 'fr' %}<p><a href="http://francebitcoin.com/">France Bitcoin</a></p>{% endif %}
|
||||
{% if page.lang == 'ru' %}<p><a href="http://btcrussia.ru/">BTCRussia</a></p>{% endif %}
|
||||
<p><a href="http://www.coindesk.com/">CoinDesk</a></p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://bitcoinmagazine.com/">Bitcoin Magazine</a></p>
|
||||
|
@ -33,14 +35,11 @@ id: resources
|
|||
</div><div>
|
||||
<h2><img src="/img/ico_market.svg" class="titleicon" alt="Icon">{% translate charts %}</h2>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://blockchain.info/charts">Blockchain.info</a></p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://blockexplorer.com/">Blockexplorer.com</a></p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://thegenesisblock.com/">The Genesis Block</a></p>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://www.biteasy.com/">Biteasy.com</a></p>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://tradeblock.com/">Trade Block</a></p>
|
||||
<p><a href="http://bitcoincharts.com/charts/">Bitcoincharts.com</a></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' or 'id' or 'it' or 'nl' or 'tr' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<h2><img src="/img/ico_doc.svg" class="titleicon" alt="Icon">{% translate documentaries %}</h2>
|
||||
|
@ -51,5 +50,4 @@ id: resources
|
|||
<p><a href="https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/core-finance/money-and-banking/bitcoin/v/bitcoin-what-is-it">Khan Academy</a></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,12 +8,8 @@ id: secure-your-wallet
|
|||
<h2><img src="/img/ico_warning.svg" class="titleicon" alt="warning">{% translate online %}</h2>
|
||||
<p>{% translate onlinetxt %}</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' or 'pl' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<h2>{% translate everyday %}</h2>
|
||||
<p>{% translate everydaytxt %}</p>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>{% translate backup %}</h2>
|
||||
<p>{% translate backuptxt %}</p>
|
||||
|
@ -61,9 +57,6 @@ id: secure-your-wallet
|
|||
<p>{% translate offlinetxtxt5 %}</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' %}
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<br>
|
||||
<div class="box boxexpand">
|
||||
<h3><a href="#" onclick="boxShow(event);">{% translate hardwarewallet %}</a></h3>
|
||||
|
@ -74,14 +67,9 @@ id: secure-your-wallet
|
|||
<a href="http://www.butterflylabs.com/bitcoin-hardware-wallet/">ButterflyLabs BitSafe</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' or 'pl' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<h2>{% translate update %}</h2>
|
||||
<p>{% translate updatetxt %}</p>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>{% translate offlinemulti %}</h2>
|
||||
<p>{% translate offlinemultitxt %}</p>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -11,20 +11,12 @@ id: support-bitcoin
|
|||
<h2><img class="titleicon" src="/img/ico_network.svg" alt="Icon" />{% translate node %}</h2>
|
||||
<p>{% translate nodetxt %}</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'bg' or 'fa' or 'id' or 'it' or 'nl' or 'pl' or 'tr' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<h2><img class="titleicon" src="/img/ico_mining.svg" alt="Icon" />{% translate mining %}</h2>
|
||||
<p>{% translate miningtxt %}</p>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
|
||||
<h2><img class="titleicon" src="/img/ico_translate.svg" alt="Icon" />{% translate translate %}</h2>
|
||||
<p>{% translate translatetxt %}</p>
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' %}
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<p><a href="https://www.transifex.com/projects/p/bitcoin/">Bitcoin Core</a> - <a href="https://www.transifex.com/projects/p/bitcoinorg/">Bitcoin.org</a> - <a href="https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Bitcoin.it_Wiki">Bitcoin Wiki</a> - <a href="https://www.transifex.com/projects/p/bitcoin-wallet/">Bitcoin Wallet (Android)</a> - <a href="http://translate.multibit.org/">MultiBit</a> - <a href="http://crowdin.net/project/electrum">Electrum</a> - <a href="https://github.com/hivewallet/hive-osx/wiki/I18n-guide">Hive</a></p>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
|
||||
<h2><img class="titleicon" src="/img/ico_conf.svg" alt="Icon" />{% translate develop %}</h2>
|
||||
<p>{% translate developtxt %}</p>
|
||||
|
@ -33,8 +25,7 @@ id: support-bitcoin
|
|||
<p>{% translate donationtxt %}</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' or 'pl' or 'zh_TW' %}
|
||||
{% when 'bg' or 'id' or 'it' or 'nl' or 'tr' %}
|
||||
{% when 'bg' or 'tr' %}
|
||||
<h2><img class="titleicon" src="/img/ico_law.svg" alt="Icon" />{% translate foundation %}</h2>
|
||||
<p>{% translate foundationtxt %}</p>
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -6,26 +6,8 @@ id: you-need-to-know
|
|||
<p class="summarytxt">{% translate summary %}</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2><img class="titleicon" src="/img/ico_key.svg" alt="Icon" />{% translate secure %}</h2>
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' %}
|
||||
<p>كما في ألعالم ألحقيقي, محفظتك يجب أن تكون بأمان. دائما تذكر أنه من مسؤوليتك أن تتخذ ألإجراءات أللازمة لحماية نقودك. هذه بعض ألخيارات ألتي يجب أن تفكر بها.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="box">
|
||||
<h3>أخذ نسخ إحتياطية لمحفظتك</h3>
|
||||
<p>خدمات ألبت كوين و ألبرمجيات تسمح لك بأخذ نسخ إحتياطية لمحفظتك, ألتي يمكنك أن تطبعها على ورق أو تخزنها في سواقة USB. عند خزنها في مكان أمن, ألنسخة ألإحتياطية تستطيع أن تحميك من عطل جهاز ألكمبيوتر و ألعديد من ألأخطاء ألبشرية.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>تشفير محفظتك</h3>
|
||||
<p>تشفير محفظتك يسمح لك بأن تضع كلمة سرية لأي شخص يحاول أن يسحب أي مقدار من ألأموال. هذا يساعد ضد ألسارقين و ألمخترقين, مع أنها لا تقدر أن تحميك ضد ألمعدات أو ألبرمجيات ألمسجلة للمفاتيح. مع هذا, يجب عليك أن تتأكد من أن لا تنسى ألكلمة ألسرية أبدا لأن عندئذ كل أموالك سوف تضيع للأبد. بعكس ألبنك, ليس هنالك خيار إستعادة ألكلمة ألسرية مع ألبت كوين!.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>إتخذ ألحذر مع ألمحفظات على ألأنترنت</h3>
|
||||
<p>إستخدام محفظة على ألأنترنت يماثل إستخدام بنك على ألإنترنت. أنت تثق بشخص أخر لحماية أموالك مع أنك يجب أن تتذكر و تحمي كلمتك ألسرية. يجب عليك دائما أن تختار هكذا خدمات بحذر. حيث حتى ألأن, لا يوجد محفظة على ألأنترنت ممكن أن توفر لك ضمان كافي و حماية لكي يتم إستخدامها لخزن ألمبلغ كألبنك.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>إستخدم نسخة إحتياطية دون أتصال بألإنترنت للمدخرات</h3>
|
||||
<p>ألنسخة ألإحتياطية دون إتصال بألإنترنت تؤمن أعلى مستوى من ألأمن للمدخرات. إنها تتضمن خزن ألمحفظة فقط على ألورق أو على مفاتيح ألUSB في مواقع أمينة مختلفة غير متصلة على ألشبكة. هذه حماية جيدة ضد فشل أجهزة ألكمبيوتر, نقاط ضعف أجهزة ألكمبيوتر, ألسرقة و ألأخطاء ألبشرية. حتى أليوم, هذه ألمقاربة لا تزال تتطلب بعض ألمعرفة ألتقنية لكي تتم بشكل صحيح.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<p>{% translate securetxt %}</p>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
|
||||
<h2><img class="titleicon" src="/img/ico_market.svg" alt="Icon" />{% translate volatile %}</h2>
|
||||
<p>{% translate volatiletxt %}</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -35,12 +17,8 @@ id: you-need-to-know
|
|||
<h2><img class="titleicon" src="/img/ico_anon.svg" alt="Icon" />{% translate anonymous %}</h2>
|
||||
<p>{% translate anonymoustxt %}</p>
|
||||
|
||||
{% case page.lang %}
|
||||
{% when 'ar' or 'fa' %}
|
||||
{% else %}
|
||||
<h2><img class="titleicon" src="/img/ico_fast.svg" alt="Icon" />{% translate instant %}</h2>
|
||||
<p>{% translate instanttxt %}</p>
|
||||
{% endcase %}
|
||||
|
||||
<h2><img class="titleicon" src="/img/ico_lab.svg" alt="Icon" />{% translate experimental %}</h2>
|
||||
<p>{% translate experimentaltxt %}</p>
|
||||
|
|
1034
_translations/ar.yml
1034
_translations/ar.yml
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
|
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ bg:
|
|||
visibility: "Открийте нови хоризонти в бизнеса ви"
|
||||
visibilitytext: "Биткойн е разрастващ се пазар от нови потребители, които търсят начини да употребят монетите си. Приемането им е много добър начин да намерите нови клиенти и да откриете нови хоризонти пред вашия бизнес. Приемането на нов разплащателен метод се е доказало като доста разумна практика при развитието на онлайн бизнеса."
|
||||
multisig: "Оторизация на транзакциите"
|
||||
multisigtext: "Биткойн също така включва възможност, която все още не е популярна, но позволява средствата ви да бъдат използвани, само ако група от хора подпишат трансакцията (така наречените \"N на М\" трансакции). Това е еквивалентът на добрата стара множествена система за проверка на подписи, която все още може да използвате в някои от банките и днес."
|
||||
multisigtext: "Биткойн също така включва възможност, която все още не е популярна, но позволява средствата ви да бъдат използвани, само ако група от хора подпишат трансакцията (така наречените \"M на N\" трансакции). Това е еквивалентът на добрата стара множествена система за проверка на подписи, която все още може да използвате в някои от банките и днес."
|
||||
transparency: "Счетоводна прозрачност"
|
||||
transparencytext: "Много организации са задължени да представят счетоводни документи за дейността си. Използване на Биткойн ви позволява да предложите най-високо ниво на прозрачност, тъй като имате възможност да предоставите информация на членовете си, която да покаже и потвърди вашите трансакции и финансов баланс. Организациите с нестопанска цел могат също да позволят на обществеността да види колко дарения получават."
|
||||
bitcoin-for-developers:
|
||||
|
@ -51,8 +51,6 @@ bg:
|
|||
securitytext: "Повечето части на сигурността се обработват от протокол. Това означава, че няма нужда от спазване на PCI и откриването на измами е необходимо, само когато услугите или продуктите се доставят незабавно. Съхраняването на вашите биткойни в <a href=\"#secure-your-wallet#\">сигурна среда</a> и осигуряването на защитени заявки за плащане от потребителите трябва да бъде основните ви притеснения."
|
||||
micro: "Евтини микро разплащания"
|
||||
microtext: "Биткойн предлага най-ниските такси за обработване на плащанията и може да се използва за осъществяване на микро трансакции на стойност, по-малка от няколко долара. Биткойн позволява да бъдат създадени иновативни онлайн услуги , които преди не можеха да съществуват заради финансови ограничения. Те включват различни видове системи за възнаграждения и автоматизирани разплащателни решения."
|
||||
serviceslist: "Посетете <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/How_to_accept_Bitcoin,_for_small_businesses#Merchant_Services\">списъка с програми за извършване на плащания</a> в Биткойн уикипедия."
|
||||
apireference: "Или прочетете <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/API_reference_(JSON-RPC)\">API референциите на Биткойн</a> и <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Original_Bitcoin_client/API_Calls_list\">API документа с командите</a>."
|
||||
bitcoin-for-individuals:
|
||||
title: "Биткойн за потребители - Биткойн"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Биткойн за потребители"
|
||||
|
@ -78,7 +76,7 @@ bg:
|
|||
reddit: "Биткойн общество в reddit"
|
||||
stackexchange: "Въпроси и отговори от StackExchange"
|
||||
irc: "IRC чат"
|
||||
ircjoin: "IRC канали на <a href=\"http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=bitcoin&uio=d4\">Freenode</a>."
|
||||
ircjoin: "IRC канали на <a href=\"https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=bitcoin&uio=d4\">Freenode</a>."
|
||||
chanbitcoin: "(Общ Биткойн канал)"
|
||||
chandev: "(Канал за разработчици)"
|
||||
chanotc: "(Канал за OTC обмяна)"
|
||||
|
@ -116,7 +114,6 @@ bg:
|
|||
walletelectrum: "Електрум е фокусиран в постигането на висока скорост с много малки ресурси, като същевременно е и лесен за ползване. Електрум използва отдалечени сървъри, които се справят с най-сложните части на Биткойн системата и ви позволява да възстановите паролата си чрез използването на тайна фраза. "
|
||||
walletbitcoinwallet: "Биткойн портфейлът за Android е лесен за използване. Той е изключително надежден, като същевременно е сигурен и бърз. Неговата визия е де-централизацията: Не са необходими централизирани услуги за операции, свързани с Биткойн. Приложението е добър избор за потребители, които нямат добра техническа компетентност и е налично за операционна система BlackBerry."
|
||||
walletmyceliumwallet: "Mycelium е портфейл с отворен код за Android, характеризиращ се с голяма сигурност, бързина и лекота на използване. Той има уникални функции за управление на вашите ключове и възможност за \"студен склад\" (cold storage), които да ви помогнат да защитите биткойните си."
|
||||
walletblockchaininfomob: "Blockchain.info е хибриден уеб портфейл за мобилни устройства. Това включва много от възможностите на blockchain.info, като уеб бекъпа на портфейла ви."
|
||||
walletblockchaininfo: "Blockchain.info е лесен за ползване хибриден портфейл. Той съхранява криптирана версия онлайн на портфейла ви, но декриптирането се извършва във вашия браузър. От съображения за сигурност, винаги използвайте разширението за браузъра и архиви на имейли."
|
||||
walletcoinbase: "Coinbase е услуга за дигитални портфейли, чиято основна цел е да осигури лекота при работата с нея. Тя също предлага апликация за андроид, търговски инструменти и съвместимост с акаунти в американски банки, за да се купуват или продават биткойни."
|
||||
walletdownload: "<a href=\"#download#\">Изтегляне</a>"
|
||||
|
@ -153,8 +150,8 @@ bg:
|
|||
downloados: "Или изберете своята операционна система"
|
||||
downloadsig: "Проверете ключовете на версиите"
|
||||
versionhistory: "Покажи промените при различните версии"
|
||||
notelicense: "Bitcoin Core е <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/about/what-is-free-software\">свободен софтуерен проект</a>, създаден от група хора, който е разпространен под <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\">лиценза на Масачузетския технологичен институт</a>."
|
||||
notesync: "Първоначалната синхронизация на Bitcoin Core може да отнеме много време. Проверете дали имате достатъчно дисково пространство и достатъчно бърза интернет връзка за целия <a href=\"http://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">block chain</a>. Ако знаете как да изтеглите торент файл, може да ускорите процеса като съхраните <a href=\"/bin/blockchain/bootstrap.dat.torrent\">bootstrap.dat</a> (по-старо копие на block chain) в data директорията на Bitcoin Core преди статирането на софтуера."
|
||||
notelicense: "Bitcoin Core е <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/about/what-is-free-software\">свободен софтуерен проект</a>, създаден от група хора, който е разпространен под <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\">лиценза на Масачузетския технологичен институт</a>."
|
||||
notesync: "Първоначалната синхронизация на Bitcoin Core може да отнеме много време. Проверете дали имате достатъчно дисково пространство и достатъчно бърза интернет връзка за целия <a href=\"https://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">block chain</a>. Ако знаете как да изтеглите торент файл, може да ускорите процеса като съхраните <a href=\"/bin/blockchain/bootstrap.dat.torrent\">bootstrap.dat</a> (по-старо копие на block chain) в data директорията на Bitcoin Core преди статирането на софтуера."
|
||||
patient: "Моля изчакайте"
|
||||
events:
|
||||
title: "Конференции и събития - Биткойн"
|
||||
|
@ -180,7 +177,7 @@ bg:
|
|||
howitworkstxt1: "От гледна точка на потребителя, Биткойн не е нищо повече от мобилна апликация или компютърна програма, която ви осигурява Биткойн портфейл и ви позволява да получавате и изпращате биткойни. Ето така работи Биткойн за повечето потребители."
|
||||
howitworkstxt2: "Зад кулисите мрежата Биткон споделя публично книга, наречена \"блок-верига\". Тази книга съдържа всяка трансакция, която някога е обработвана, което позволява компютърът на потребителя да провери нейната валидност. Автентичността на всяка трансакция е защитена с цифров подпис, кореспондиращ с адресите на изпращане, което позволява на всички потребители да имат пълен контрол върху биткойните, които напускат сметката им. В допълнение, всеки, който може да обработва трансакции с използване на изчислителната мощ на специализиран хардуер печели биткойни за тази услуга. Това често се нарича копане (mining). За да научите повече за Биткойн, може да прегледате <a href=\"#how-it-works#\">определените за целта страници</a> и <a href=\"/bitcoin.pdf\">оргиниалните документи</a>."
|
||||
used: "Използва ли се наистина Биткойн от хората?"
|
||||
usedtxt1: "Да. Има <a href=\"http://usebitcoins.info/\">нарастващ брой фирми</a> и частни лица, които използват Биткойн. Това включва фирми от \"физическия\" бизнес като заведения, магазини, адвокатски кантори, както и популярни онлайн услуги като Namecheap, WordPress, Reddit и Flattr. Въпреки че Биткойн остава сравнително ново явление, той се разраства много бързо. В края на август 2013 г., <a href=\"http://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\">стойността на всички биткойни в обръщение</a> е по-малка с милиони долари от ежедневния оборот на тази валута."
|
||||
usedtxt1: "Да. Има <a href=\"http://usebitcoins.info/\">нарастващ брой фирми</a> и частни лица, които използват Биткойн. Това включва фирми от \"физическия\" бизнес като заведения, магазини, адвокатски кантори, както и популярни онлайн услуги като Namecheap, WordPress, Reddit и Flattr. Въпреки че Биткойн остава сравнително ново явление, той се разраства много бързо. В края на август 2013 г., <a href=\"https://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\">стойността на всички биткойни в обръщение</a> е по-малка с милиони долари от ежедневния оборот на тази валута."
|
||||
acquire: "Как мога да се сдобия с биткойни?"
|
||||
acquireli1: "При заплащане на стоки или услуги."
|
||||
acquireli2: "Покупка на биткойни от <a href=\"http://howtobuybitcoins.info\">Биткойн борса</a>."
|
||||
|
@ -194,10 +191,10 @@ bg:
|
|||
advantagesli2: "<em><b>Изключително ниски такси</b></em> - плащанията в Биткойн в момента се извършват без такси или с минимални такива. Потребителите могат да изберат да добавят такса към тяхната трансакция, за да бъде разгледана с приоритет и да получат по-бързо одобрението от мрежата. Освен това, в мрежата на Биткойн съществуват търговски процесори, които обръщат биткойните в фиатна валута и ежедневно депозират средствата в банковите сметки на потребителите, улеснявайки ги в обработката на трансакциите. Тъй като тези услуги се извършват в мрежата на Биткойн, те се предлагат с много по-ниски такси от тези на PayPal или на мрежите за кредитни карти."
|
||||
advantagesli3: "<em><b>Малки рискове за търговци</b></em> - Биткойн трансакциите са сигурни, необратими и не съдържат конфиденциална клиетнска информация или лични данни. Това защитава търговците от загубите, причинени от измами или неплащане, като не е необходимо спазването на \"PCI\". Търговците могат лесно да разширяват бизнеса си до нови пазари, където или кредитните карти не са налични или таксите са неприемливо високи. Нетните резултати са по-ниски такси, по-големи пазари и по-малко административни разходи."
|
||||
advantagesli4: "<em><b>Сигурност и контрол</b></em> - Биткойн потребителите са в пълен контрол на техните трансакции, като е невъзможно търговците да налагат нежелани или скрити такси, както може да се случи с другите начини на плащане. Биткойн плащанията могат да бъдат направени без лична информация да бъде свързана с трансакцията. Това предлага добра защита срещу кражба на самоличности. Биткойн потребителите също могат да защитават парите си с архивиране и криптиране."
|
||||
advantagesli5: "<em><b>Прозрачен и неутрален</b></em> - <a href=\"http://blockexplorer.com/\">Цялата информация</a>, относно Биткойн парите, се предоставя и е на разположение в блок-веригата, като може да се използва и проверява в реално време. Никое лице или организация не могат да контролират или манипулират Биткойн протокола, защото е кодиран криптографски. Това налага да приемем, че ядрото на Биткойн е напълно неутрално, прозрачно и предсказуемо."
|
||||
advantagesli5: "<em><b>Прозрачен и неутрален</b></em> - <a href=\"https://www.biteasy.com/\">Цялата информация</a>, относно Биткойн парите, се предоставя и е на разположение в блок-веригата, като може да се използва и проверява в реално време. Никое лице или организация не могат да контролират или манипулират Биткойн протокола, защото е кодиран криптографски. Това налага да приемем, че ядрото на Биткойн е напълно неутрално, прозрачно и предсказуемо."
|
||||
disadvantages: "Какви са недостатъците на Биткойн?"
|
||||
disadvantagesli1: "<em><b>Степен на полуляризиране и приемане</b></em> - Много хора все още не са запознати с Биткойн. Всеки ден все повече компании приемат биткойни, защото искат да се възползват от всички предимства, но все още списъкът с такива фирми е малък, като той трябва да нарастне, за да може да се извлече ползата от <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_effect\">мрежовия ефект.</a>"
|
||||
disadvantagesli2: "<em><b>Волатилност</b></em> - <a href=\"http://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\">Общата стойност</a> на биткойните в обращение и броят на фирмите, използващи Биткойн все още са много малко в сравнение с това, което те биха могли да бъдат. Следователно, сравнително малки събития, сделки или бизнес дейности могат да оказват съществено влияние върху цената. На теория, волатилността ще намалее с развитието на Биткойн пазарите и на технологията. Никога преди светът не виждал такава валута, така че е наистина трудно (и вълнуващо) да си представим как ще се развият нещата."
|
||||
disadvantagesli1: "<em><b>Степен на полуляризиране и приемане</b></em> - Много хора все още не са запознати с Биткойн. Всеки ден все повече компании приемат биткойни, защото искат да се възползват от всички предимства, но все още списъкът с такива фирми е малък, като той трябва да нарастне, за да може да се извлече ползата от <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_effect\">мрежовия ефект.</a>"
|
||||
disadvantagesli2: "<em><b>Волатилност</b></em> - <a href=\"https://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\">Общата стойност</a> на биткойните в обращение и броят на фирмите, използващи Биткойн все още са много малко в сравнение с това, което те биха могли да бъдат. Следователно, сравнително малки събития, сделки или бизнес дейности могат да оказват съществено влияние върху цената. На теория, волатилността ще намалее с развитието на Биткойн пазарите и на технологията. Никога преди светът не виждал такава валута, така че е наистина трудно (и вълнуващо) да си представим как ще се развият нещата."
|
||||
disadvantagesli3: "<em><b>Непрекъснато развитие</b></em> - Биткойн софтуерът е все още в бета версия и много функции не са напълно завършени, но са в активно развитие. Нови инструменти, функции и услуги се разработват, за да направят Биткойн по-сигурен и достъпен за мнозинството. Повечето от биткойн услугите са нови и засега не предлагат застраховка от грешки. Като цяло, Биткойн е в процес на развитие."
|
||||
trust: "Защо хората се доверяват на Биткойн?"
|
||||
trusttxt1: "Голяма част от доверието в Биткойн идва от факта, че той не се нуждае от доверие като цяло. Биткойн е с напълно отворен код и е децентрализиран. Това означава, че всеки има достъп до целия изходен код по всяко време. Всеки разработчик в света може да провери как точно работи Биткойн. Всички трансакции и емитирането на биткойни са прозрачни и всеки може да ги проследява в реално време. Всички плащания могат да бъдат направени без да разчитат на трета страна, като цялата система е защитена от силно рецензирани криптографски алгоритми, подобни на тези, използвани за онлайн банкиране. Никоя организация или лице не може да контролира Биткойн, а мрежата продължава да е сигурна, дори ако не може да се вярва на всички потребители."
|
||||
|
@ -215,7 +212,7 @@ bg:
|
|||
scaletxt1: "Мрежата на Биткойн вече може да обработи много по-голям брой трансакции в секунда отколкото преди време, но все още не е напълно готова да покрие нивото на големите мрежи за кредитни карти. В момента се работи върху премахването на тези ограничения и бъдещите изисквания са ясни. От своето създаване всеки аспект на мрежата на Биткойн е в процес на непрекъсната оптимизация, специализация и развитие и се очаква това да продължи още няколко години, тъй като трафикът се увеличава и все повече потребители на Биткойн могат да използват олекотени клиенти. Пълните мрежови възли могат да се превърнат в по-специализирани услуги. За повече детайли вижте страницата - <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Scalability\">Възможности за разрастване</a> в Биткойн уикипедия."
|
||||
legal: "Юрисдикция"
|
||||
islegal: "Законен ли е Биткойн?"
|
||||
islegaltxt1: "Доколкото ни е известно, Биткойн не е забранен от законодателството на никоя страна. Въпреки това, някои законови системи (като например тази на Аржентина) строго ограничават или забраняват използването на всички чуждестранни валути. Други законодателства (като Тайланд) могат да ограничат лицензирането на някои организации, като например борсите на Биткойн."
|
||||
islegaltxt1: "Доколкото ни е известно, <a href=\"http://www.bitlegal.io/\">Биткойн не е забранен от законодателството</a> на никоя страна. Въпреки това, някои законови системи (като например тази на Аржентина) строго ограничават или забраняват използването на всички чуждестранни валути. Други законодателства (като Тайланд) могат да ограничат лицензирането на някои организации, като например борсите на Биткойн."
|
||||
islegaltxt2: "Регулатори от различни юрисдикции предприемат стъпки, за да осигурят физическите лица и фирмите с правилата за това как да се интегрира тази нова технология с официалната регулирана финансова система. Например, Службата за борба с финансовите престъпления към Министерството на финансите на САЩ (FinCEN) издава незадължителни насоки за това как да се характеризират някои дейности, включващи виртуални валути."
|
||||
illegalactivities: "Може ли Биткойн да бъде използван за извършване на нелегални дейности?"
|
||||
illegalactivitiestxt1: "Биткойните са пари, а парите винаги са били използвани за законни и незаконни цели. Парите в кеш, кредитните карти и сегашните банкови системи задминават несравнимо Биткойн, по отношение на тяхната употреба за финансиране на престъпността. Биткойн може да доведе значителна иновация в системите за плащане, като ползите от нея са несравними с потенциалните недостатъци."
|
||||
|
@ -240,7 +237,7 @@ bg:
|
|||
whatpricetxt1: "Цената на един биткойн се определя от съответното търсене и предлагане на пазара. Когато търсенето на биткойни се повишава, цената се увеличава и съответно, когато търсенето спада, то и цената намалява. Съществува точно определен брой биткойни в обращение и новите биткойни се създават с предсказуеми и намаляващи темпове, което означава, че търсенето трябва да следва нивото на инфлация, за да се запази цената стабилна. Имайки предвид, че Биткойн е все още малък пазар в сравнение с размерите, които може да достигне, то не е необходима колосална сума пари, за да се качи или падне цената на биткойните. Ето защо тя е все още нестабилна."
|
||||
whatpriceimg1: "Цената на биткойните за периода 2011 - 2013:"
|
||||
worthless: "Възможно ли е биткойните да загубят своята стойност?"
|
||||
worthlesstxt1: "Да. Историята е пълна със случаи, при които валути се сриват и вече не се употребяват като например <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_gold_mark\">Германската марка</a> по време на Ваймарската република и <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwean_dollar\">Зимбабвийския долар</a>. Въпреки че сривовете на валутите се дължат на свръхинфлация, която няма как да се случи при Биткойн, винаги съществува потенциална опасност от технически срив, поява на по-добри конкурентни валути, политически проблеми и т.н. Като основно правило, никоя валута не е застрахована от срив или колебания. Биткойн е доказал своята стабилност през годините още от своето създаване и има огромен потенциал за развитие. Въпреки това, никой не е в състояние да предскаже какво е бъдещето на Биткойн."
|
||||
worthlesstxt1: "Да. Историята е пълна със случаи, при които валути се сриват и вече не се употребяват като например <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_gold_mark\">Германската марка</a> по време на Ваймарската република и <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwean_dollar\">Зимбабвийския долар</a>. Въпреки че сривовете на валутите се дължат на свръхинфлация, която няма как да се случи при Биткойн, винаги съществува потенциална опасност от технически срив, поява на по-добри конкурентни валути, политически проблеми и т.н. Като основно правило, никоя валута не е застрахована от срив или колебания. Биткойн е доказал своята стабилност през годините още от своето създаване и има огромен потенциал за развитие. Въпреки това, никой не е в състояние да предскаже какво е бъдещето на Биткойн."
|
||||
bubble: "\"Балон\" ли е Биткойн?"
|
||||
bubbletxt1: "Бързото покачване на цените не може да се определи като \"балон\". Изкуственото надценяване, което ще доведе до внезапен спад представлява ефекта на балона. Изборът въз основа на индивидуалното човешко действие от стотици хиляди участници на пазара е причината цената на Биткойн да се колебае, тъй като пазарът се стреми да открие нейната реална стойност. Причините за промени в настроенията могат да включват загуба на доверие в Биткойн, голяма разлика между стойността и цената, която не се базира на основите на Биткойн икономиката, увеличен натиск за стимулиране на спекулативно търсене, страх от несигурност и старомодното ирационално изобилие и алчност ."
|
||||
ponzi: "Биткойн \"Понци\" схема ли е?"
|
||||
|
@ -270,7 +267,7 @@ bg:
|
|||
poweredoff: "Какво се случва, ако получа биткойн, докато компютърът ми е изключен?"
|
||||
poweredofftxt1: "Няма проблем с това. Биткойните ще се появят следващия път, когато стартирате приложението, отговарящо за вашия портфейл. Те всъщност не са получени в софтуера на компютъра ви, а са приложени към публичната книга, която се споделя между всички устройства в мрежата. Ако биткойни са изпратени, когато портфейлът на клиентската програма не е включен и по-късно го стартирате, той ще изтегли блокове и ще сравни реалната информация за трансакциите, които е пропуснал, В крайна сметка биткойните ще се появят, както ако бяха получени в реално време. Портфейлът ви е необходим само, когато искате да харчите биткойни."
|
||||
sync: "Какво означава \"синхронизиране\" и защо отнема толкова дълго време?"
|
||||
synctxt1: "Дългото време, необходимо за синхронизация, се изисква единствено от клиентите, използващи пълните мрежови възли като Bitcoin Core. От техническа гледна точка синхронизирането е процес на сваляне на информация за всички предишни Биткойн трансакции в мрежата. Някои Биткойн клиенти имат нужда от тази информация, за да изчислят баланса на портфейла ви и да извършват нови трансакции. Тази стъпка може да изисква много ресурси, нуждае се от широка честотна лента за трафика, както и от достатъчно място за <a href=\"http://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">пълния размер на блок-веригата</a>. За да запази Биткойн своята сигурност, достатъчен брой хора трябва да използват клиентите с пълни мрежови възли, тъй като те потвърждават и предават трансакциите."
|
||||
synctxt1: "Дългото време, необходимо за синхронизация, се изисква единствено от клиентите, използващи пълните мрежови възли като Bitcoin Core. От техническа гледна точка синхронизирането е процес на сваляне на информация за всички предишни Биткойн трансакции в мрежата. Някои Биткойн клиенти имат нужда от тази информация, за да изчислят баланса на портфейла ви и да извършват нови трансакции. Тази стъпка може да изисква много ресурси, нуждае се от широка честотна лента за трафика, както и от достатъчно място за <a href=\"https://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">пълния размер на блок-веригата</a>. За да запази Биткойн своята сигурност, достатъчен брой хора трябва да използват клиентите с пълни мрежови възли, тъй като те потвърждават и предават трансакциите."
|
||||
mining: "Копане (mining)"
|
||||
whatismining: "Какво е копането (mining) в Биткойн?"
|
||||
whatisminingtxt1: "Копането (mining) е процеса на изразходване на изчислителна мощ за обработка на трансакции, защита на мрежата и синхронизиране на всички участници в системата. Той може да се възприема като център за данни на Биткойн, изключвайки това, че системата е проектирана да бъде напълно децентрализирана, използвайки копачи, работещи във всички страни, като няма лице, което да има пълен контрол. Този процес се нарича \"добив\" от аналогията за добив на злато, тъй като това също е временен механизъм, използван за издаване на нови биткойни. За разлика от добива на злато, добивът на биткойни осигурява възнаграждение в замяна на полезни услуги, необходими за работата и сигурността на плащанията в мрежата. Копането ще бъде необходимо и след издаването на последния биткойн."
|
||||
|
@ -370,7 +367,7 @@ bg:
|
|||
crowdfunding: "Групово финансиране"
|
||||
crowdfundingtext: "Въпреки че все още не е толкова добре развит, този аспект на Биткойн може да бъде използван за групово финансиране на кампании. При тях потребителите правят заявка да изпратят пари за даден проект, като средствата, които са заявили биват усвоени, единствено, ако са събрани в достатъчно количество, за да покрият целта. Такива договори се обработват от Биткойн протокола, който не позволява да се изпълнят трансакциите, докато не са покрити всички условия. <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Contracts#Example_3:_Assurance_contracts\">Научете повече</a> за груповото финансиране."
|
||||
micro: "Микро разплащания"
|
||||
microtext: "Биткойн може да обработва плащания в размер на един долар, а скоро дори и много по-малки суми. Тези плащания са рутинни, дори и днес. Представете си, че слушате интернет радио, за което се заплаща всяка секунда, разглеждате уеб страници, в които се извършва плащане на много малка сума за всяка реклама, която не се показва или закупувате трафик от WiFi хотспот на килобайт. Биткойн е достатъчно ефективен, за да направи всички тези идеи възможни. <a href=\"https://code.google.com/p/bitcoinj/wiki/WorkingWithMicropayments\">Научете повече</a> за технологията на микро разплащанията в Биткойн ."
|
||||
microtext: "Биткойн може да обработва плащания в размер на един долар, а скоро дори и много по-малки суми. Тези плащания са рутинни, дори и днес. Представете си, че слушате интернет радио, за което се заплаща всяка секунда, разглеждате уеб страници, в които се извършва плащане на много малка сума за всяка реклама, която не се показва или закупувате трафик от WiFi хотспот на килобайт. Биткойн е достатъчно ефективен, за да направи всички тези идеи възможни. <a href=\"https://bitcoinj.github.io/working-with-micropayments\">Научете повече</a> за технологията на микро разплащанията в Биткойн ."
|
||||
mediation: "Разрешаване на конфликти"
|
||||
mediationtext: "Биткойн може да се използва за разработване на иновативни услуги и за решаване на спорове с помощта на множествено подписване. Тези услуги могат да направят възможно за трета страна да одобри или да отхвърли трансакция, в случай на несъгласие между другите две страни, без да има контрол върху техните пари . Тъй като тези услуги ще бъдат съвместими с всеки потребител и търговец, използващ Биткойн, това вероятно ще доведе до свободна конкуренция и по-високи стандарти за качество."
|
||||
multisig: "Акаунти с множествен подпис"
|
||||
|
@ -393,7 +390,7 @@ bg:
|
|||
pagetitle: "Защитете личните си данни"
|
||||
pagedesc: "Биткойн често се приема като анонимна разплащателна мрежа, но всъщност тя най-вероятно е най-прозрачната разплащателна мрежа в света. В същото време Биткойн осигурява приемливи нива на сигурност, когато се използва правилно. <b>Винаги помнете, че е ваша отговорност да придобиете добри навици, за да защитите личните си данни</b>."
|
||||
traceable: "Разбиране на прозрачността в Биткойн "
|
||||
traceabletxt: "Биткойн работи с безпрецедентно ниво на прозрачност, на което повечето хора не са свикнали. Всички Биткойн трансакции са публични, проследими и се пазят постоянно в мрежата на Биткойн. Биткойн адресите са единствената информация, която се ползва, за да се определи къде са разпределени биткойните и къде се изпращат. Тези адреси се създават от портфейлите на всеки потребител. След като са използвани веднъж, тези адреси стават част от историята на всички трансакции, в които са участвали. Всеки може да види <a href=\"http://blockexplorer.com\">баланса и всички трансакции</a> на всеки адрес. Тъй като потребителите обикновено трябва да разкрият своята самоличност, за да получат стоки или услуги, Биткойн адресите не могат да останат изцяло анонимни. Поради тази причина, Биткойн адресите трябва да се използват само веднъж и потребителите трябва да са внимателни и да не ги разкриват."
|
||||
traceabletxt: "Биткойн работи с безпрецедентно ниво на прозрачност, на което повечето хора не са свикнали. Всички Биткойн трансакции са публични, проследими и се пазят постоянно в мрежата на Биткойн. Биткойн адресите са единствената информация, която се ползва, за да се определи къде са разпределени биткойните и къде се изпращат. Тези адреси се създават от портфейлите на всеки потребител. След като са използвани веднъж, тези адреси стават част от историята на всички трансакции, в които са участвали. Всеки може да види <a href=\"https://www.biteasy.com\">баланса и всички трансакции</a> на всеки адрес. Тъй като потребителите обикновено трябва да разкрият своята самоличност, за да получат стоки или услуги, Биткойн адресите не могат да останат изцяло анонимни. Поради тази причина, Биткойн адресите трябва да се използват само веднъж и потребителите трябва да са внимателни и да не ги разкриват."
|
||||
receive: "Използвайте нови адреси, за да получавате плащания"
|
||||
receivetxt: "За да защитите личните си данни, е добре да използвате нов Биткойн адрес всеки път, когато получавате ново плащане. Освен това, имате възможност да използвате различни портфейли за различни цели. Това ви позволява да изолирате трансакциите си една от друга по такъв начин, че да е невъзможно те да бъдат свързани една с друга. Хората, които ви изпращат пари, не могат да видят другите Биткойн адреси, които притежавате и какво правите с тях. Това най-вероятно е най-важният съвет, който винаги трябва да имате предвид."
|
||||
send: "Използвайте променени адреси, когато изпращате плащания"
|
||||
|
@ -452,7 +449,7 @@ bg:
|
|||
offlinetxtxt2: "Създайте нова трансакция или сделка на онлайн компютъра и я запишете на USB ключ."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt3: "Подпишете трансакцията на компютъра, който не е включен в мрежата."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt4: "Изпратете подписаната трансакция чрез онлайн компютъра."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt5: "Тъй като компютърът, който е вързан към мрежата, не може да подписва трансакции, то той не може да се използва и за изтегляне на средствата, ако е изложен на риск. <a href=\"http://bitcoinarmory.com/about/using-our-wallet/#offlinewallet\">Armory</a> може да бъде използван за подписване на трансакции, докато нямате връзка с мрежата."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt5: "Тъй като компютърът, който е вързан към мрежата, не може да подписва трансакции, то той не може да се използва и за изтегляне на средствата, ако е изложен на риск. <a href=\"https://bitcoinarmory.com/about/using-our-wallet/#offlinewallet\">Armory</a> може да бъде използван за подписване на трансакции, докато нямате връзка с мрежата."
|
||||
hardwarewallet: "Хардуерни портфейли"
|
||||
hardwarewallettxt: "Хардуерните портфейли са най-добрия баланс между високо ниво на сигурност и лекота на употреба. Това са малки устройства, които са създадени с идеята да бъдат само портфейли и нищо повече. На тях не може да се инсталира софтуер, което ги предпазва от интернет кражби. Тъй като те позволяват архиви, може да възстановите средствата си, ако изгубите устройството."
|
||||
hardwarewalletsoon: "Към днешна дата все още не съществуват хардуерни портфейли, но появата им се очаква скоро:"
|
||||
|
@ -544,7 +541,6 @@ bg:
|
|||
menu-development: Развитие
|
||||
menu-events: Събития
|
||||
menu-faq: ЧЗВ
|
||||
menu-foundation: Фондация
|
||||
menu-getting-started: "Първи стъпки"
|
||||
menu-how-it-works: "Как работи"
|
||||
menu-innovation: Иновация
|
||||
|
|
654
_translations/da.yml
Normal file
654
_translations/da.yml
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,654 @@
|
|||
da:
|
||||
about-us:
|
||||
title: "Om bitcoin.org"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Om bitcoin.org"
|
||||
pagedesc: "Bitcoin.org er dedikeret til at hjælpe Bitcoin med at udvikle sig på en bæredygtig måde."
|
||||
own: "Hvem ejer bitcoin.org?"
|
||||
owntxt: "Bitcoin.org er det oprindelige domænenavn, der blev brugt på den første webside om Bitcoin. Det blev registreret og styres stadig af <a href=\"#development#\">Bitcoins kerneudviklere</a> og af yderligere medlemmer af fællesskabet med input fra <a href=\"#community#\">Bitcoin-fællesskaber</a>. Bitcoin.org er ikke en officiel webside. På samme måde som ingen ejer email-teknologien, ejer ingen Bitcoin-netværket. Som sådan kan ingen tale med autoritet i Bitcoins navn."
|
||||
control: "Jamen … hvem styrer Bitcoin?"
|
||||
controltxt: "Bitcoin styres af alle Bitcoin-brugere rundt om i verden. Selvom udviklere forbedrer softwaren, kan de ikke gennemtvinge en ændring i Bitcoin-protokollens regler, fordi alle brugere frit kan bestemme, hvilken software de bruger. For at forblive kompatible med hinanden er alle brugere nødt til at bruge software, der overholder de samme regler. Bitcoin kan kun fungere fornuftigt med komplet konsensus mellem alle brugere. Derfor har alle brugere og udviklere stærke incitamenter til at optage og beskytte denne konsensus."
|
||||
mission: "Mission"
|
||||
missiontxt1: "Informere brugere for at beskytte dem imod almindelige fejltagelser."
|
||||
missiontxt2: "Give en præcis beskrivelse af Bitcoins egenskaber, potentielle brugsformål og begrænsninger."
|
||||
missiontxt3: "Vise gennemsigtige advarsler og begivenheder omkring Bitcoin-netværket."
|
||||
missiontxt4: "Invitere talentfulde mennesker til at hjælpe med udviklingen af Bitcoin på mange niveauer."
|
||||
missiontxt5: "Give indsigt i Bitcoin-økosystemet på større skala."
|
||||
missiontxt6: "Forøge tilgængeligheden på verdensbasis gennem internationalisering."
|
||||
missiontxt7: "Fortsat være en neutral og informativ ressource omkring Bitcoin."
|
||||
help: "Hjælp os"
|
||||
helptxt: "Du kan rapportere ethvert problem eller hjælpe med at forbedre bitcoin.org på <a href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org#how-to-participate\">GitHub</a> ved at åbne et \"issue\" eller en \"pull request\" på engelsk. Når du indsender en \"pull request\", så tag dig venligst tid til at diskutere dine ændringer og tilpasse dit arbejde. Du kan hjælpe med oversættelser ved at melde dig ind i en oversættelsesgruppe på <a href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org#translation\">Transifex</a>. Spørg venligst ikke efter reklameplads for din virksomhed eller webside, undtaget i specielle tilfælde så som konferencer."
|
||||
bitcoin-for-businesses:
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin for virksomheder – Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Bitcoin for virksomheder"
|
||||
summary: "Bitcoin er en meget sikker og billig måde at håndtere betalinger på."
|
||||
lowfee: "De laveste omkostninger derude"
|
||||
lowfeetext: "Bitcoins høje niveau af kryptografisk sikkerhed tillader behandling af transaktioner på en meget effektiv og billig måde. Du kan lave og modtage betalinger ved hjælp af Bitcoin-netværket næsten uden gebyrer. I de fleste tilfælde er gebyrer ikke et krav, men de anbefales for hurtigere bekræftelse af din transaktion."
|
||||
fraud: "Beskyttelse mod svindel"
|
||||
fraudtext: "Enhver forretning, der tager imod kreditkort eller PayPal, kender problemet med betalinger, der senere tilbageføres. Chargeback-svindel resulterer i begrænset markedsrækkevidde og forhøjede priser, hvilket i sidste ende går ud over kunderne. Bitcoin-betalinger er uigenkaldelige og sikre, hvilket betyder at omkostningen til svindel ikke længere skubbes over på forretningernes skuldre."
|
||||
international: "Hurtige internationale betalinger"
|
||||
internationaltext: "Bitcoins kan bliver overført fra Afrika til Canada på 10 minutter. Faktisk, så har bitcoins aldrig nogen rigtig fysisk placering, så det er muligt at overføre så mange af dem som du ønsker, hvor som helst, helt uden begrænsninger, forsinkelser eller overflødige gebyrer. Der er ingen banker i mellem, som vil få dig til at vente tre arbejdsdage."
|
||||
pci: "Ingen PCI-overensstemmelse nødvendigt"
|
||||
pcitext: "Hvis man vil modtage kreditkort online, kræves typisk omfattende sikkerhedstjek, for at leve op til PCI-standarden. Bitcoin kræver stadig, at du <a href=\"#secure-your-wallet#\">sikrer din tegnebog</a> og dine betalingsforespørgsler. Men du hæfter ikke for omkostningerne og det ansvar, der ligger i at bearbejde sensitiv information fra dine kunder, så som kreditkortnumre."
|
||||
visibility: "Få gratis synlighed"
|
||||
visibilitytext: "Bitcoin er et voksende marked af nye kunder, som leder efter nye måder, hvorpå de ka bruge deres bitcoins. Det at tage imod bitcoins er en god måde at få nye kunder og give din forretning ny synlighed. Det at begynde at tage imod en ny betalingstype har ofte vist sig at være et klogt træk for onlineforretninger."
|
||||
multisig: "Multi-signatur"
|
||||
multisigtext: "Bitcoin inkluderer også en funktionalitet, der endnu ikke er så bredt kendt, som tillader bitcoins kun at blive brugt, hvis en bestemt mængde folk i en gruppe signerer transaktionen (såkaldte \"m af n\"-transaktioner). Dette svarer til det gode gamle system med flere underskrifter på en check, som du måske stadig bruger i bankerne i dag."
|
||||
transparency: "Regnskabsmæssig gennemsigtighed"
|
||||
transparencytext: "Af mange organisationer kræves det, at de kan mønstre regnskabsdokumenter vedrørende deres aktiviteter. Ved at bruge Bitcoin, tilbydes du det højeste niveau af gennemsigtighed, da du kan fremlægge information, som dine medlemmer kan bruge til at verificere dine saldi og transaktioner. Non-profit-orgaisationer kan også tillade offentligheden at se, hvor meget de modtager i donationer."
|
||||
bitcoin-for-developers:
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin for udviklere – Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Bitcoin for udviklere"
|
||||
summary: "Bitcoin kan blive brugt til at bygge fantastiske ting eller blot dække almindelige behov."
|
||||
simple: "Det simpleste af alle betalingssystemer"
|
||||
simpletext: "Med mindre betalinger skal associeres med automatiske fakturaer, er det at modtage penge så simpelt som at sende et \"bitcoin:\"-link eller at vise en QR-kode. Denne simple opsætning er inden for rækkevidde for enhver bruger og kan opfylde behovene for en god række klienter. Når det sættes op i offentlig sammenhæng, er det specielt egnet til transparente donationer og drikkepenge."
|
||||
api: "Mange tredjeparts-API'er"
|
||||
apitext: "Der er mange betalingsservices fra tredjepart, som stiller API'er til rådighed; du behøver ikke at opbevare bitcoins på din server og dermed håndtere de sikkerhedsaspekter, der følger med dette. De fleste af disse API'er tilbyder tilmed behandling af fakturaer og veksling af dine bitcoins til din lokale valuta til konkurrencedygtige priser."
|
||||
own: "Du kan være dit eget finansielle system"
|
||||
owntext: "Hvis du ikke bruger nogen tredjeparts-API'er, kan du integrere en Bitcoin-server direkte i dine applikationer, hvilket lader dig blive din egen bank og betalingsbehandler. Med det ansvar, dette medfører, kan du bygge fantastiske systemer, som processerer Bitcoin-transaktioner med stort set ingen gebyrer."
|
||||
invoice: "Bitcoin-adresser til sporing af fakturaer"
|
||||
invoicetext: "Bitcoin opretter en unik adresse for hver transaktion. Så hvis du ville bygge et betalingssystem, der associerer til en faktura, behøver du ganske simpelt kun at generere og overvåge en Bitcoin-adresse for hver betaling. Du bør aldrig bruge den samme adresse for mere end én transaktion."
|
||||
security: "Det meste af sikkerheden er på klientsiden"
|
||||
securitytext: "De fleste dele af sikkerheden håndteres af protokollen. Dette betyder, at der ikke er behov for PCI-overensstemmelse, og systemer til opdagelse af svindel behøves kun, når services eller produkter leveres øjeblikkeligt. At opbevare dine bitcoins i et <a href=\"#secure-your-wallet#\">sikkert miljø</a> og at sikre betalingsforespørgsler, der vises til brugeren, bør være dine hovedbekymringer."
|
||||
micro: "Billige mikrobetalinger"
|
||||
microtext: "Bitcoin tilbyder de laveste gebyrer for betalingshåndtering og kan normalt bruges til at sende mikrobetalinger med så lav værdi som nogle få kroner. Bitcoin muliggør design af nye kreative onlinetjenester, som før ikke kunne eksistere, bare på grund af financielle begrænsninger. Dette inkluderer forskellige slags drikkepengesystemer og automatiske betalingsløsninger."
|
||||
bitcoin-for-individuals:
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin for enkeltpersoner – Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Bitcoin for enkeltpersoner "
|
||||
summary: "Bitcoin er det nemmeste værktøj til at udveklse penge med lave omkostninger."
|
||||
mobile: "Mobilbetalinger gjort nemt"
|
||||
mobiletext: "Bitcoin på mobilen tilader dig at betale med et simpelt 2-trins scan-og-betal. Der er intet behov for at melde dig til, køre dit kort igennem en maskine, indtaste en PIN-kode, eller underskrive noget. Det eneste du skal gøre for at modtage Bitcoin-betalinger, er at vise QR-koden i din Bitcoin-tegnebog-app og lade din ven skanne din mobil, eller lade de to telefoner røre ved hinanden (ved hjælp af NFC-radioteknologi)."
|
||||
international: "Hurtigere internationale betalinger"
|
||||
internationaltext: "Bitcoins kan blive overført fra Afrika til Canada indenfor 10 minutter. Der er ingen bank til at sænke overførselsprocessen, tilføje og ændre skandaløst store gebyrer, eller fastfryse overførsler. Du kan betale din naboer på den samme måde som hvis det var et familemedlem på den anden side af kloden. "
|
||||
simple: "Virker overalt når som helst"
|
||||
simpletext: "Ligesom med emails behøves du ikke at bede din familie om at bruge den samme software eller den samme udbyder, som du bruger. Bare lad dem bruge deres egne favoritter. Intet problem dér; de er alle kompatible, da de bruger den samme åbne teknologi. Bitcoin-netværket sover aldrig, ikke engang i ferieperioder!"
|
||||
secure: "Sikkerhed og kontrol over dine penge"
|
||||
securetext: "Bitcoin-transaktioner sikres ved hjælp af kryptografi på militært sikkerhedsniveau. Ingen kan trække en betaling fra dig eller lave en betaling på dine vegne. Så længe du tager de nødvendige skridt for at <a href=\"#secure-your-wallet#\">sikre din tegnebog</a>, kan Bitcoin give dig styring med dine penge og et højt niveau af beskyttelse mod mange typer bedrag."
|
||||
lowfee: "Intet eller lavt gebyr "
|
||||
lowfeetext: "Bitcoin tillader dig at sende og modtage betalinger til et meget lavt gebyr. Undtaget for specielle situationer med meget små betalinger, er der intet tvunget gebyr. Det anbefales dog at betale et højere frivilligt gebyr for hurtigere bekræftelse af din transaktion, og for at kompensere de individer, der bidrager til driften af Bitcoin-netværket."
|
||||
anonymous: "Beskyt din identitet"
|
||||
anonymoustext: "Med Bitcoin er der ikke noget kreditkortnummer, som en bedrager kan indsamle for at udgive sig for at være dig. Det er faktisk muligt at sende en betaling uden at afsløre din identitet, stort set som med fysiske penge. Du bør dog bemærke, at det kan kræve en indsats for at <a href=\"#protect-your-privacy#\">beskytte dit privatliv</a>."
|
||||
community:
|
||||
title: "Fællesskab – Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Bitcoin-fællesskaber"
|
||||
pagedesc: "Find interessante mennesker, grupper og fællesskaber om Bitcoin."
|
||||
forums: "Fora"
|
||||
bitcointalk: "<a href=\"https://bitcointalk.org/\">BitcoinTalk forum</a>"
|
||||
reddit: "Bitcoin-fællesskab på Reddit"
|
||||
stackexchange: "Bitcoin StackExchange (spørgsmål og svar)"
|
||||
irc: "IRC-chat"
|
||||
ircjoin: "IRC-kanaler på <a href=\"https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=bitcoin&uio=d4\">freenode</a>."
|
||||
chanbitcoin: "(generelt Bitcoin-relateret)"
|
||||
chandev: "(udvikling og teknisk)"
|
||||
chanotc: "(valutahandel udenom børserne)"
|
||||
chanmarket: "(markedsnoteringer i realtid)"
|
||||
chanmining: "(relateret til Bitcoin-mining)"
|
||||
social: "Sociale netværk"
|
||||
linkgoogle: "<a href=\"https://plus.google.com/communities/115591368588047305300\">Bitcoin-fællesskab på Google+</a>"
|
||||
linktwitter: "Twitter-søgning"
|
||||
facebook: "<a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/bitcoins\">Facebook-side</a>"
|
||||
meetups: "Sammenkomster"
|
||||
meetupevents: "Bitcoin-konferencer og -begivenheder"
|
||||
meetupgroup: "Bitcoin-sammenkomstgrupper"
|
||||
meetupbitcointalk: "Bitcoin-sammenkomster på BitcoinTalk"
|
||||
meetupwiki: "Bitcoin-sammenkomster på wiki'en"
|
||||
nonprofit: "Non-profit-organisationer"
|
||||
wikiportal: "Besøg <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Bitcoin:Community_portal\">Fællesskabsportalen</a> på wiki'en."
|
||||
choose-your-wallet:
|
||||
title: "Vælg din tegnebog – Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Vælg din Bitcoin-tegnebog"
|
||||
summary: "Din Bitcoin-tegnebog er det, der tillader dig at lave transaktioner til og fra andre brugere. Den giver dig ejerskab over en Bitcoin-saldo, så du kan sende og modtage bitcoins. Præcis ligesom med email kan alle tegnebøger arbejde sammen med hinanden. Før du starter med Bitcoin, bør du sørge for at <b><a href=\"#you-need-to-know#\">læse, hvad du bør vide</a></b>."
|
||||
getstarted: "Kom i gang hurtigt og nemt"
|
||||
getstarteddesk: "<a href=\"https://multibit.org/\"><b>MultiBit</b></a> er et program, som du kan hente til Windows, Mac og Linux."
|
||||
getstartedmobi: "<a href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.schildbach.wallet\"><b>Bitcoin Wallet</b></a> til Android kører på din telefon eller tablet."
|
||||
bethenetwork: "Hvorfor være en del af Bitcoin-netværket"
|
||||
bethenetworktxt: "Du kan vælge mellem forskellige slags letvægts-tegnebøger eller en <a href=\"#download#\"><b>komplet Bitcoin-klient</b></a>. Sidstnævnte bruger mere lagerplads og kan tage en dag eller mere om at synkronisere. Men der er fordele som forøget privatlivsbeskyttelse og sikkerhed ved ikke at stole på andre netværksknuder. At køre komplette knuder er essentielt for at beskytte netværket ved at tjekke og videresende transaktioner."
|
||||
walletdesk: "Skrivebordstegnebøger"
|
||||
walletdesktxt: "Skrivebordstegnebøger installeres på din computer. De giver dig komplet kontrol over dig tegnebog. Du er ansvarlig for at beskytte dine penge og for at lave sikkerhedskopier."
|
||||
walletmobi: "Mobile tegnebøger"
|
||||
walletmobitxt: "Mobile tegnebøger tillader dig at bringe Bitcoin med dig i lommen. Du kan nemt udveksle bitcoin og betale i fysiske forretninger ved at scanne en QR-kode eller bruge NFC \"tap to pay\".<br><br>"
|
||||
walletweb: "Web-tegnebøger"
|
||||
walletwebtxt: "Web-tegnebøger tillader dig at bruge Bitcoin ved hjælp af enhver browser eller mobil enhed og tilbyder ofte yderligere tjenester. Men du skal vælge din web-tegnebog med omhu, da de opbevarer din tegnebog."
|
||||
walletbitcoinqt: "Bitcoin Core er en komplet Bitcoin-klient, og den udgør rygraden af netværket. Den tilbyder det højeste niveau af sikkerhed, privatlivsbeskyttelse og stabilitet. Den har dog færre funktioner og den optager store mængder plads og hukommelse."
|
||||
walletmultibit: "MultiBit er en letvægtsklient, som fokuserer på at være hurtig og nem at bruge. Den synkroniserer med netværket og er klar til brug på minutter. MultiBit understøtter også mange sprog. Den er et godt valg for ikke-tekniske brugere."
|
||||
wallethive: "Hive er en hurtig, integreret, brugervenlig Bitcoin-tegnebog for Mac OS X. Med fokus på anvendelighed er Hive oversat til mange sprog og har apps, der gør det nemt at interagere med dine favorit-Bitcoin-tjenester og -handelsdrivende."
|
||||
wallethive-android: "Hive er en selvstændig tegnebog til Android, som ikke kræver en ekstern server eller konto. Den fokuserer på anvendelighed, men tilbyder samtidig en række avancerede funktionaliteter, så som rør-for-at-betale via NFC og pålidelige betalinger via Bluetooth. Hive Android kan udvides gennem plugins."
|
||||
walletarmory: "Armory er en avanceret Bitcoin-klient, som giver udvidede funktionaliteter for Bitcoin-superbrugere. Den tilbyder mange funktionaliteter for sikkerhedskopiering og kryptering, og den tillader sikker \"kold opbevaring\" på offline-computere."
|
||||
walletelectrum: "Electrum fokuserer på hastighed og simplicitet med lav ressourcebrug. Den gør brug af fjerne servere, som håndterer de mest komplicerede dele af Bitcoin-systemet, og den tillader dig at genskabe din tegnebog udfra en hemmelig sætning."
|
||||
walletbitcoinwallet: "Bitcoin Wallet til Android er nem at bruge og pålidelig samt sikker og hurtig. Dens vision er de-centralisering og nul-tillid: Ingen central tjeneste er nødvendig for Bitcoin-relaterede funktioner. Denne app er et godt valg for ikke-tekniske personer. Den er også tilgængelig til Blackberry OS."
|
||||
walletmyceliumwallet: "Mycelium Bitcoin Wallet er en tegnebog med åben kildekode til Android, der er designet med sikkerhed, hastighed og brugervenlighed for øje. Den har unikke funktionaliteter til at håndtere dine nøgler og for kold opbevaring, som hjælper dig med at sikre dine bitcoin."
|
||||
walletblockchaininfo: "Blockchain.info er en brugervenlig hybridtegnebog. Den gemmer en krypteret version af din tegnebog online, men dekryptering sker i din browser. Af sikkerhedsgrunde bør du altid bruge browser-udvidelsen og email-sikkerhedskopier."
|
||||
walletcoinbase: "Coinbase er en web-tegnebog, som sigter mog at være nem at bruge. Den tilbyder også en web-tegnebogs-app til Android, værktøjer til forretningsdrivende og integrering med U.S.-amerikanske bankkonti for at købe og sælge bitcoins."
|
||||
walletcoinkite: "Coinkite er en web-tegnebog- og debetkorttjeneste, som bestræber sig på at være nem at bruge. Den fungerer også på mobile browsere, den har værktøjer til handelsdrivende og betalingsterminaler til fysiske forretninger. Det er en hybridtegnebog med \"full reserve vault\""
|
||||
walletbitgo: "BitGo er en tegnebog med multi-signaturer, der tilbyder det højeste niveau af sikkerhed. Hver transaktion kræver to signaturer, hvilket beskytter dine bitcoin imod malware og serverangreb. Private nøgler opbevares hos brugeren, sådan at BitGo ikke har adgang til dine bitcoin. Den er et godt valg for ikke-tekniske brugere."
|
||||
walletgreenaddress: "GreenAddress er en brugervenlig tegnebog med multi-signaturer og forbedret sikkerhed og privatlivsbeskyttelse. På intet tidspunkt kommer dine nøgler i nærheden af serveren, heller ikke i krypteret tilstand. Af sikkerhedsårsager bør du altid benytte 2FA og browser-udvidelsen eller Android-app'en."
|
||||
walletdownload: "<a href=\"#download#\">Hent</a>"
|
||||
walletvisit: "Besøg hjemmeside"
|
||||
walletwebwarning: "Vær forsigtig"
|
||||
walletwebwarningtxt: "Web-tegnebøger opbevarer dine bitcoins. Dette betyder, at det er muligt for dem at miste dine bitcoins som følge af en hændelse hos dem. P.t. tilbyder ingen web-tegnebog nok forsikring til at kunne bruges til opbevaring af værdier som en bank."
|
||||
walletwebwarningok: "O.k., jeg forstår"
|
||||
wallettrustinfo: "Tredjepart"
|
||||
wallettrustinfotxt: "Denne tegnebog afhænger som udgangspunkt af en centraliseret tjeneste og kræver et vist niveau af tillid til en tredjepart. Denne tredjepart har dog ikke kontrol over din tegnebog. Brug altid sikkerhedskopier og stærke kodeord, når det er muligt."
|
||||
development:
|
||||
title: "Udvikling – Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Bitcoin-udvikling"
|
||||
summary: "Find mere information om den aktuelle specifikation, software og udviklere."
|
||||
spec: "Dokumentation"
|
||||
spectxt: "Hvis du er interesseret i at lære mere om de tekniske detaljer om Bitcoin og hvordan de eksisterende værktøjer og API'er kan bruges, kan det anbefales, at du starter med at udforske <a href=\"/en/developer-documentation\">udviklerdokumentationen</a>."
|
||||
coredev: "Kerneudviklere"
|
||||
disclosure: "Ansvarsfuld afsløring"
|
||||
disclosuretxt: "Hvis du finder en sårbarhed relateret til Bitcoin, kan ikke-kritiske sårbarheder sendes pr. email på engelsk til en af kerneudviklerne eller sendes til den private \"bitcoin-security\"-postliste, der er nævnt herover. Et eksempel på en ikke-kritisk sårbarhed kan være mulighed for et denial-of-service-angreb på en tjeneste, som ville være meget dyr at udføre. Kritiske sårbarheder, som er for sensitive til ukrypteret email, bør sendes til en eller flere af kerneudviklerne krypteret med deres PGP-nøgle(r)."
|
||||
involve: "Bliv involveret"
|
||||
involvetxt1: "Bitcoin er frit programmel og enhver udvikler kan bidrage til projektet. Alt hvad du behøver er i <a href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin\">GitHub-arkivet</a>. Sørg venligst for at læse og følge udviklingsprocessen, der er beskrevet i README-filen, samt at bidrage med kode i god kvalitet og at respektere alle retningslinjer."
|
||||
involvetxt2: "Diskussion om udviklingen foregår på GitHub og postlisten <a href=\"http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/forum.php?forum_name=bitcoin-development\">bitcoin-development</a> hos Sourceforge. Mindre formel diskussion on udviklen sker på irc.freenode.net #bitcoin-dev (<a href=\"#\" onclick=\"freenodeShow(event);\">web-udgave</a>, <a href=\"http://bitcoinstats.com\">logbøger</a>)."
|
||||
more: "Flere projekter med fri software"
|
||||
moremore: "Vis flere …"
|
||||
contributors: "Bitcoin Core-bidragsydere"
|
||||
contributorsorder: "(Sorteret efter antal commits)"
|
||||
download:
|
||||
title: "Hent – Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Hent Bitcoin Core"
|
||||
latestversion: "Seneste version:"
|
||||
download: "Hent Bitcoin Core"
|
||||
downloados: "Eller vælg dit operativsystem"
|
||||
downloadsig: "Verificér udgivelsessignaturer"
|
||||
sourcecode: "Hent kildekoden"
|
||||
versionhistory: "Vis versionshistorik"
|
||||
notelicense: "Bitcoin Core er et fællesskabs-drevet projekt med <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/about/what-is-free-software\">fri, åben kildekode</a>, udgivet under <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\">MIT-licensen</a>."
|
||||
notesync: "Den første synkronisering af Bitcoin Core kan tage meget lang tid at færdiggøre. Du bør sikre dig, at du har nok båndbredde og harddiskplads til hele <a href=\"https://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">blokkædens størrelse</a>. Hvis du ved, hvordan man henter en torrent-fil, kan du øge hastigheden af dette ved at lægge <a href=\"/bin/blockchain/bootstrap.dat.torrent\">bootstrap.dat</a> (en tidligere udgave af blokkæden) i Bitcoin Cores datamappe, før du starter programmet."
|
||||
patient: "Du er nødt til at være tålmodig"
|
||||
events:
|
||||
title: "Konferencer og begivenheder – Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Konferencer og begivenheder"
|
||||
pagedesc: "Find begivenheder, konferencer og sammenkomster over hele verden."
|
||||
upcoming: "Kommende begivenheder og konferencer"
|
||||
meetupbitcointalk: "<a href=\"https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?board=86.0\">Bitcoin-sammenkomster på BitcoinTalk</a>"
|
||||
meetupwiki: "<a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Meetups\">Bitcoin-sammenkomster på wiki'en</a>"
|
||||
meetupgroup: "<a href=\"http://bitcoin.meetup.com/\">Bitcoin-sammenkomstgrupper</a>"
|
||||
faq:
|
||||
title: "FAQ – Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Ofte stillede spørgsmål"
|
||||
summary: "Find svar på tilbagevendende spørgsmål og myter om Bitcoin."
|
||||
table: "Indhold"
|
||||
general: "Generelt"
|
||||
whatisbitcoin: "Hvad er Bitcoin?"
|
||||
whatisbitcointxt1: "Bitcoin er et konsensusnetværk, som giver mulighed for et nyt betalingssystem og fuldstændigt digitale penge. Det er det første decentraliserede bruger-til-bruger-betalingsnetværk, som køres af dets brugere uden nogen central autoritet eller mellemmand. Fra brugerens perspektiv minder Bitcoin meget om kontanter til Internet. Bitcoin kan også ses som det mest prominente <a href=\"http://financialcryptography.com/mt/archives/001325.html\">system til tredobbelt bogholderi</a>, der findes."
|
||||
creator: "Hvem skabte Bitcoin?"
|
||||
creatortxt1: "Bitcoin er den første implementering af et koncept, der hedder \"crypto-currency\" (altså krypto-valuta), som først blev beskrevet i 1998 af Wei Dai på cypherpunkt-postlisten, og som foreslog idéen om en ny slags penge, der bruger kryptografi til at styre sin oprettelse og transaktioner, frem for en central autoritet. Den første Bitcoin-specifikation og \"proof-of-concept\"-prototype blev offentliggjort i 2009 på en postliste for kryptografi af Satoshi Nakamoto. Satoshi forlod projektet sidst i 2010 uden at afsløre meget om sig selv. Fællesskabet er siden vokset eksponentielt med <a href=\"#development#\">mange udviklere</a>, der arbejder på Bitcoin."
|
||||
creatortxt2: "Satoshis anonymitet har ofte rejst uberettigede bekymringer, hvoraf mange kan hægtes sammen med misforståelse af Bitcoins karakter af åben kildekode. Bitcoin-protokollen og -software udgives offentligt, og enhver udvikler rundt om i verden kan gennemse koden eller lave deres egen modificerede udgave af Bitcoin-softwaren. Præcis som med aktuelle udviklere var Satoshis indflydelse begrænset til, at de ændringer han lavede, skulle tages i brug af andre, og derfor var han ikke i kontrol over Bitcoin. Som sådan er identiteten af Bitcoins skaber i dag nogenlunde lige så relevant som identiteten på den person, som opfandt papiret."
|
||||
whocontrols: "Hvem styrer Bitcoin-netværket?"
|
||||
whocontrolstxt1: "Ingen ejer Bitcoin-netværket, ligesom ingen ejer teknologien bag email. Bitcoin styres af alle Bitcoin-brugere rundt om i verden. Selvom udviklere forbedrer softwaren, kan de ikke gennemtvinge en ændring i Bitcoin-protokollen, fordi alle brugere frit kan bestemme, hvilken software og version de bruger. For at forblive kompatible med hinanden er alle brugere nødt til at bruge software, der overholder de samme regler. Bitcoin kan kun fungere rigtigt med komplet konsensus mellem alle brugere. Derfor har alle brugere og udviklere stærke incitamenter til at beskytte denne konsensus."
|
||||
howitworks: "Hvordan fungerer Bitcoin?"
|
||||
howitworkstxt1: "Bra brugerens synspunkt er Bitcoin ikke andet end en mobil-app eller computerprogram, som giver en personlig Bitcoin-tegnebog og tillader en bruger at sende og modtage bitcoin. Det er sådan, Bitcoin fungerer for de fleste brugere."
|
||||
howitworkstxt2: "Under motorhjelmen deler Bitcoin-netværket en offentlig regnskabsbog, der hedder \"blokkæden\". Denne regnskabsbog indeholder alle transaktioner, der nogensinde er foretaget, og den tillader en brugers computer at verificere validiteten af hver transaktion. Autentiteten for hver transaktion beskyttes af digitale signaturer, der svarer til afsendelsesadresserne, hvilket tillader alle brugere at være i fuld kontrol over afsendelse af bitcoin fra deres egne Bitcoin-adresser. Der ud over kan enhver bearbejde transaktioner ved at bruge beregningskraften fra specialiseret hardware og optjene belønninger i bitcoin for denne tjeneste. Dette kaldes ofte \"mining\". For at lære mere om Bitcoin kan du se den <a href=\"#how-it-works#\">dedikerede side</a> og den <a href=\"/bitcoin.pdf\">oprindelige videnskabelige artikel</a>."
|
||||
used: "Bruges Bitcoin virkelig af folk?"
|
||||
usedtxt1: "Ja. Der er et <a href=\"http://usebitcoins.info/\">voksende antal virksomheder</a> og enkeltpersoner, der bruger Bitcoin. Dette inkluderer fysiske forretninger, som fx restauranter, lejligheder, advokater, og populære onlinetjenester, som fx Namecheap, WordPress, Reddit og Flattr. Selvom Bitcoin stadig er et relativt nyt fænomen, vokser det hurtigt. I alutningen af august 2013 overstiger <a href=\"https://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\">værdien af alle bitcoin i cirkulation</a> 1,5 milliarder U.S.-dollar, med en dagsomsætning der er flere millioner dollar værd."
|
||||
acquire: "Hvordan skaffer man bitcoin?"
|
||||
acquireli1: "Som betaling for varer eller tjenester."
|
||||
acquireli2: "Køb bitcoin på en <a href=\"http://howtobuybitcoins.info\">Bitcoin-børs</a>."
|
||||
acquireli3: "Udveksl bitcoin med <a href=\"https://localbitcoins.com/\">en person i nærheden af dig</a>."
|
||||
acquireli4: "Tjen bitcoin gennem konkurrencepræget <a href=\"http://www.bitcoinmining.com/\">mining</a>."
|
||||
acquiretxt1: "Selvom det er muligt at finde enkeltpersoner, der vil sælge bitcoin i bytte for en kreditkort- eller PayPal-betaling, tillader de fleste børser ikke betalinger via disse betalingsmetoder. Dette skyldes tilfælde, hvor nogen køber bitcoin med PayPal, hvorefter vedkommende trækker overførslen tilbage. Dette refereres ofte til som \"chargeback\"."
|
||||
makepayment: "Hvor svært er det at lave en Bitcoin-betaling?"
|
||||
makepaymenttxt1: "Bitcoin-betalinger er nemmere at lave end debet- eller kreditkortbetalinger, og de kan modtages uden en forhandlerkonto. Betalinger laves i et tegnebogsprogram, enten på din computer eller smartphone, ved at indtaste modtagerens adresse, betalingsbeløbet og klikke send. For at gøre det nemmere at indtaste modtagens adresse kan mange tegnebøger læse adressen ved at scanne en QR-kode eller ved at holde to telefoner mod hinanden med NFC-teknologi."
|
||||
advantages: "Hvad er fordelene ved Bitcoin?"
|
||||
advantagesli1: "<em><b>Betalingsfrihed</b></em> – Det er muligt at sende og modtage ethvert beløb øjeblikkeligt overalt i verden når som helst. Ingen banklukkedage, Ingen grænser. Ingen påtagede begrænsninger. Bitcoin tillader brugerne at have fuld kontrol over deres penge."
|
||||
advantagesli2: "<em><b>Meget lave gebyrer</b></em> – Bitcoin-betalinger gennemføres p.t. enten uden gebyrer eller med ekstremt lave gebyrer. Brugere kan vælge at inkludere gebyrer i transaktioner for at få dem bearbejdet med højere prioritet, hvilket resulterer i hurtigere bekræftelser af transaktioner fra netværkets side. Der ud over findes der bearbejdningsværktøjer for handelsdrivende, der assisterer ved transaktionsbearbejdning, konverterer bitcoin til fiat-valuta og indsætter penge direkte på de handelsdrivendes bankkonti dagligt. Da disse tjenester er baseret på Bitcoin, kan de tilbyde meget lavere gebyrer end PayPal- eller kreditkort-netværk."
|
||||
advantagesli3: "<em><b>Færre risici for handelsdrivende</b></em> – Bitcoin-transaktioner er sikre, uigenkaldelige og indeholder ikke kunders sensitive eller personlige information. Dette beskytter handelsdrivende imod tab, der forårsages af svindel eller svigagtige tilbagetrækninger, og der er ingen grund til PCI-overholdelse. Handelsdrivende kan nemt udvide til nye markeder, hvor kreditkort ikke er tilgængelige, eller svindelniveauet er uacceptabelt højt. Resultatet er lavere gebyrer, større markeder og færre administrative omkostninger."
|
||||
advantagesli4: "<em><b>Sikkerhed og kontrol</b></em> – Bitcoin-brugere har fuld kontrol over deres transaktioner; det er umuligt for handelsdrivende at gennemtvinge uønskede eller ubemærkede opkrævninger, som det kan ske med andre betalingsmetoder. Bitcoin-betalinger kan oprettes uden personlig information tilknyttet til transaktionen. Dette tilbyder stærk beskyttelse imod identitetstyveri. Bitcoin-brugere kan også beskytte deres penge ved hjælp af sikkerhedskopier og kryptering."
|
||||
advantagesli5: "<em><b>Transparent og neutral</b></em> – <a href=\"https://www.biteasy.com/\">Al information</a> om Bitcoin-pengemængden er tilgængelig på blokkæden, så enhver kan verificere og bruge i realtid. Intet individ eller organisation kan styre eller manipulere Bitcoin-protokollen, fordi den er kryptografisk sikker. Dette gør, at man kan have tillid til kernen i Bitcoin med hensyn til at være fuldstændig neutral, transparent og forudsigelig."
|
||||
disadvantages: "Hvad er ulemperne ved Bitcoin?"
|
||||
disadvantagesli1: "<em><b>Modtagelsesgrad</b></em> – Mange mennesker kender stadig ikke til Bitcoin. Hver dag begynder flere forretninger at modtage bitcoin, fordi de er interesserede i de fordele, det giver, men listen er stadig lille, og den skal vokse, før den kan drage fordel af <a href=\"http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netv%C3%A6rkseffekt\">netværkseffekten</a>."
|
||||
disadvantagesli2: "<em><b>Flygtighed</b></em> – Den <a href=\"https://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\">totale værdi</a> af alle bitcoin i cirkulation og antallet af virksomheder, der bruger Bitcoin, er stadig meget lavt sammenlignet med hvad de kunne være. Derfor kan relativt små hændelser, handler eller forretningsaktiviteter påvirke prisen betydeligt. Teoretisk set vil denne flygtighed formindskes efterhånden som Bitcoin-markederne og teknologien modner. Aldrig før har verden set en opstartsvaluta, så det er i sandhed svært (og spændende) at forestille sig, hvordan det vil forløbe sig."
|
||||
disadvantagesli3: "<em><b>Løbende udvikling</b></em> – Bitcoin-software er stadig i beta, med mange ufærdige funktionaliteter under aktiv udvikling. Nye værktøjer, funktionaliteter og tjenester er under udvikling for at gøre Bitcoin mere sikker og tilgængelig for masserne. Nogle af disse er stadig ikke klar til alle. De fleste Bitcoin-virksomheder er nye og tilbyder stadig ingen forsikring. Generelt set er Bitcoin stadig under modning."
|
||||
trust: "Hvorfor stoler folk på Bitcoin?"
|
||||
trusttxt1: "Meget af tilliden til Bitcoin kommer fra det faktum, at det ikke kræver nogen tillid overhovedet. Bitcoin har fuldt ud åben kildekode og er fuldt ud decentraliseret. Dette betyder, at enhver til enhver tid har adgang til den komplette kildekode. Enhver udvikler i verden kan derfor verificere præcis, hvordan Bitcoin fungerer. Alle transaktioner og bitcoins, der bliver udstedt, kan helt gennemskueligt følges i realtid af enhver. Alle betalinger kan laves uden tillid til tredjepart, og hele systemet er beskyttet af stærkt peer-gennemtjekkede kryptografiske algoritmer, ligesom dem der benyttes i netbanker. Ingen organisation eller individ kan tage kontrol over Bitcoin, og netværket forbliver sikkert, selv hvis ikke alle brugerne kan stoles på."
|
||||
makemoney: "Kan jeg tjene penge med Bitcoin?"
|
||||
makemoneytxt1: "Du bør aldrig forvente at blive rig med Bitcoin eller nogen anden fremspirende teknologi. Det er altid vigtigt at være forsigtig med alt, hvad der lyder for godt til at være sandt, eller ikke følger basale økonomiske regler."
|
||||
makemoneytxt2: "Bitcoin er grobund for innovation, og der er forretningsmuligheder, der også involverer risici. Der er ingen garanti for, at Bitcoin vil blive ved med at vokse, selvom det har udviklet sig med meget stor hastighed indtil videre. Det kræver iværksætterånd at investere tid og ressourcer på noget, der er Bitcoin-relateret. Der er adskillige måder at tjene penge med Bitcoin, så som mining, spekulation eller at køre nye virksomheder. Alle disse metoder er konkurrenceprægede, og der er ingen garanti for profit. Det er op til hvert individ at lave en forsvarlig evaluering af udgifterne og de risici, der føres med ethvert sådant projekt."
|
||||
virtual: "Er Bitcoin fuldt ud virtuelt og immaterielt?"
|
||||
virtualtxt1: "Bitcoin er lige så virtuelt som de kreditkort og netbanker, folk bruger hver dag. Bitcoin kan bruges til at betale online og i fysiske forretninger, præcis ligesom enhver anden form for penge. Bitcoin kan også veksles i fysisk form, som fx <a href=\"https://www.casascius.com/\">Casascius coins</a>, men det er typisk mere belejligt at betale med en mobiltelefon. Bitcoin-saldi gemmes i et stort, distribueret netværk, og de kan ikke svigagtigt ændres an nogen. Med andre ord: Bitcoin-brugere har eksklusiv kontrol over deres penge, og bitcoin kan ikke forsvinde, bare fordi de er virtuelle."
|
||||
anonymous: "Er Bitcoin anonymt?"
|
||||
anonymoustxt1: "Bitcoin er designet til at tillade brugerne at sende og modtage betalinger med et acceptabelt niveau af privatlivsbeskyttelse, så vel som med enhver anden form for penge. Men Bitcoin er dog ikke anonymt og kan ikke tilbyde det samme privatlivsbeskyttelse som kontanter. Brugen af Bitcoin efterlader omfangsrige offentlige optegninger. <a href=\"#protect-your-privacy#\">Forskellige mekanismer</a> eksisterer, der kan beskytte brugeres privatliv, og flere er under udvikling. Men der er stadig arbejde, der skal gøres, før disse funktionaliteter kan bruges korrekt af de fleste Bitcoin-brugere."
|
||||
anonymoustxt2: "Nogle bekymringer, der er nævnt, går på at private transaktioner kan bruges til illegale formål med Bitcoin. Det er dog værd at notere sig, at Bitcoin vil uden tvivl udsættes for lignende regulering, som allerede foregår i eksisterende finansielle systemer. Bitcoin kan ikke være mere anonymt end kontanter, og det synes ikke at kunne forhindre kriminalefterforskning fra at blive udført. Tilmed er Bitcoin designet til at forhindre en stor mængde financielle forbrydelser."
|
||||
lost: "Hvad sker der, når bitcoin mistes?"
|
||||
losttxt1: "Når en bruger mister sin tegnebog, har det den effekt, at penge flyttes ud af cirkulation. Mistede bitcoin forbliver i blokkæden, præcis lige som alle andre bitcoin. Men mistede bitcoin forbliver dog inaktive for evigt, fordi der ikke er nogen mulighed for nogen at finde de(n) private nøgle(r), som ville have gjort det muligt at bruge dem igen. På grund af loven om udbud og efterspørgsel vil de tilbageblivende bitcoins, når andre mistes, være i højere efterspørgsel og vil forøge deres værdi for at kompensere."
|
||||
scale: "Kan Bitcoin skaleres til at blive et stort betalingsnetværk?"
|
||||
scaletxt1: "Bitcoin-netværket kan allerede bearbejde et meget større antal transaktioner, end det gør i dag. Det er dog ikke helt klar til at skalere til niveauet for et af de store kreditkortnetværk. Der arbejdes på at øge de nuværende begrænsninger, og fremtidige krav er velkendte. Siden begyndelsen har alle aspekter af Bitcoin-netværket været i et løbende udvikling, hvad angår modning, optimering og specialisering, og det bør forventes at forblive i den tilstand nogle år endnu. Efterhånden som trafikken vokser, vil flere brugere benytte sig af letvægtsklienter, og komplette netværksknuder kan blive en mere specialiseret tjeneste. For flere detaljer, se siden om <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Scalability\">skalabilitet</a> på wiki'en."
|
||||
legal: "Juridisk"
|
||||
islegal: "Er Bitcoin lovligt?"
|
||||
islegaltxt1: "Efter vores bedste overbevisning er <a href=\"http://bitlegal.io/\">Bitcoin ikke blevet ulovliggjort</a> af lovgivningen i de fleste jurisdiktioner. Nogle myndigheder (så som Argentina og Rusland) pålægger udenlandske valutaer strenge begrænsninger eller forbud. Andre myndigheder (så som Thailand) kan lægge begrænsninger på licenseringen af bestemte enheder, så som Bitcoin-børser."
|
||||
islegaltxt2: "Regulatorer fra adskillige myndigheder er undervejs til at fremlægge regler for enkeltpersoner og virksomheder for hvordan denne ny teknologi skal integreres med det formelle, regulerede finanssystem. The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), et bureau i U.S.A.s finansdepartement, udgav et ikke-bindende guidesæt omkring hvordan det karaktiserer bestemte aktiviteter, der involverer virtuelle valutaer."
|
||||
illegalactivities: "Er Bitcoin brugbart til ulovlige formål?"
|
||||
illegalactivitiestxt1: "Bitcoin er penge, og penge er altid blevet brugt til både lovlige og ulovlige formål. Kontanter, kreditkort og nuværende banksystemer overgår i stor udstrækning Bitcoin, når det kommer til deres brug til at finansiere kriminalitet. Bitcoin kan bringe betydelig innovation til betalingssystemer, og fordelene ved sådan innovation betragtes ofte som værende ulemperne langt opvejende."
|
||||
illegalactivitiestxt2: "Bitcoin er designet til at være et kæmpemæssigt skridt foran i at gøre penge sikre, og ville også kunne optræde som betydelig beskyttelse imod mange former for finansiel kriminalitet. For eksempel er bitcoin fuldstændig umulige at forfalske. Brugere har fuld kontrol over deres betalinger og kan ikke udsættes for ikke-godkendte opkrævninger som fx ved kreditkortsvindel. Bitcoin-transaktioner er uigenkaldelige og immune overfor svigagtige chargebacks. Bitcoin lader penge være sikret imod tyveri og tab ved brug af stærke og brugbare mekanismer, så som sikkerhedskopier, kryptering og multi-signaturer."
|
||||
illegalactivitiestxt3: "Enkelte bekymringer, der er nævnt, går på at Bitcoin kan være mere attraktivt for kriminelle, fordi det kan bruges til at lave private og uigenkaldelige betalinger. Disse funktionaliteter eksisterer dog allerede med kontanter og bankoverførsler, som er i bred benyttelse og er veletablerede. Brugen af Bitcoin vil uden tvivl udsættes for lignende regulering, som allerede foregår i eksisterende finansielle systemer, og Bitcoin synes ikke at kunne forhindre kriminalefterforskning fra at blive udført. Generelt set er det normalt for vigtige gennembrudsteknologier at blive anset for at være kontroversielle, før der er bred forståelse for deres fordele. Internet er et godt eksempel imellem mange andre, der illustrerer dette."
|
||||
regulated: "Kan Bitcoin reguleres?"
|
||||
regulatedtxt1: "Selve Bitcoin-protokollen kan ikke ændres uden samarbejde fra nær ved alle dens brugere, som vælger hvilken software, de bruger. Forsøg på at tildele specielle rettigheder til en lokal autoritet i reglerne for det globale Bitcoin-netværk er ikke praktisk muligt. En rig organisation ville kunne vælge at investere i mining-hardware for at have kontrol over halvdelen af beregningskraften i netværket og være i stand til at blokere eller afvise nylige transaktioner. Der er dog ingen garanti for, at de ville kunne opnå denne magt, da det ville kræve, at man investerer lige så meget som alle andre minere i verden til sammen."
|
||||
regulatedtxt2: "Det er dog muligt at regulere brugen af Bitcoin på samme måde som med alle andre instrumenter. Ligesom med dollaren kan Bitcoin bruges til et bredt udvalg af formål, hvoraf nogle kan opfattes som legitime eller ikke følgende alle myndigheders lovgivning. På denne måde er Bitcoin ikke anerledes end alle andre værktøjer eller ressourcer, og den kan udsættes for forskellige reguleringer i hvert land. Brug af Bitcoin kan også gøres besværlig af restriktive reguleringer, hvorved det vil være svært at bestemme, hvor stor en procentdel af brugerne, der vil fortsætte med at bruge teknologien. En regering, der vælger at forbyde Bitcoin, ville forhindre indenlands virksomheder og markeder at udvikle sig, og dermed flytte innovation til andre lande. Udfordringen for regulatorer er som altid at udvikle effektive løsninger uden at nedsætte væksten for nye spirende markeder og forretninger."
|
||||
taxes: "Hvad med Bitcoin og skat?"
|
||||
taxestxt1: "Bitcoin er ikke en fiat-valuta med juridisk status af officiel betalingsmiddel i nogen jurisdiktion, men ofte kan skatteforpligtelser tilflyde, uanset det anvendte medium. Der er et bredt udvalg af lovgivninger i mange forskellige jurisdiktioner, som ville kunne foranledige indkomstskat, moms, arbejdsgiverskat, kapitalindkomstskat eller en anden form for skatteforpligtelse med Bitcoin."
|
||||
consumer: "Hvad med Bitcoin og forbrugerbeskyttelse?"
|
||||
consumertxt1: "Bitcoin frigør folk til at lave transaktioner på deres egne præmisser. Hver bruger kan sende og modtage betalinger på samme måde som med kontanter, men de kan også tage del i mere komplicerede kontrakter. Multi-signaturer muliggør, at en transaktion kun accepteres af netværket, hvis en bestemt mængde personer i en defineret gruppe er enige om at signere transaktionen. Dette muliggør udvikling af innovative mæglingstjenester i fremtiden. Sådanne tjenester ville kunne gøre det muligt for en tredjepart at godkende eller afvise en transaktion, hvis stridigheder opstår mellem de andre parter, men uden at have kontrol over deres penge. I modsætning til kontanter og andre betalingsmetoder efterlader Bitcoin altid et offentligt bevis for, at en transaktion har fundet sted, hvilket potentielt kan bruges i forbindelse med regres imod virksomheder, der handler svigagtigt."
|
||||
consumertxt2: "Det er også værd at notere sig, at selvom handelsdrivende normalt afhænger af deres offentlige omdømme for at kunne blive i deres branche og betale deres ansatte, har de ikke adgang til den samme mængde information, når de handler med nye kunder. Den måde Bitcoin fungerer på gør, at både personer og forretninger beskyttes imod svigagtige chargebacks, samtidig med at kunden får valget om at tage imod yderligere beskyttelse, når man ikke vil stole på en bestemt handelsdrivende."
|
||||
economy: "Økonomi"
|
||||
bitcoinscreated: "Hvordan skabes bitcoin?"
|
||||
bitcoinscreatedtxt1: "Nye bitcoin genereres via en konkurrencepræget og decentraliseret proces, der kaldes \"mining\". Denne proces involverer, at personer belønnes af netværket for deres tjeneste. Bitcoin-minere bearbejder transaktioner og sikrer netværket ved hjælp af specialiseret hardware og modtager nye bitcoin i bytte."
|
||||
bitcoinscreatedtxt2: "Bitcoin-protokollen er designet på en sådan måde, at nye bitcoin skabes med en fast hyppighed. Dette gør Bitcoin-mining til en meget konkurrencepræget størrelse. Når flere minere slutter sig til netværket, bliver det tilsvarende sværere at lave overskud, og minere må søge til effektivitet for at skære ned på deres driftsomkostninger. Ingen central autoritet eller udvikler har magt til at styre eller manipulere systemet for at øge deres overskud. Enhver Bitcoin-knude i verden vil afvise alt, der ikke overholder de regler, den forventer at systemet følger."
|
||||
bitcoinscreatedtxt3: "Bitcoin skabes med en aftagende og forudsigelig hyppighed. Antallet af nye bitcoin, der skabes hvert år, bliver automatisk halveret over tid, indtil udgivelse af bitcoin stopper helt ved en total mængde på 21 millioner bitcoin i eksistens. Når det sker, vil minere sandsynligvis udelukkende støttes af et stort antal små transaktionsgebyrer."
|
||||
whyvalue: "Hvorfor har bitcoin værdi?"
|
||||
whyvaluetxt1: "Bitcoin har værdi, fordi de er nyttige som en form for penge. Bitcoin har de samme karakteristika som penge (holdbarhed, mobilitet, ombyttelighed, knaphed, delelighed og genkendelighed) bareseret på matematikkens egenskaber frem for fysiske egenskaber (ligesom guld og sølv) og tiltro til centrale autoriteter (ligesom fiat-valuta). Bitcoin opbakkes kort sagt af matematik. Med disse egenskaber er alt, hvad der behøves for at en form for penge har værdi, er tillid og udbredelse. I Bitcoins tilfælde kan dette måles på den voksende mængde af brugere, handelsdrivende og opstartsvirksomheder. Som med alle valuta kommer bitcoins værdi direkte og kun fra det faktum, at folk er villige til at acceptere dem som betaling."
|
||||
whatprice: "Hvad afgør bitcoins pris?"
|
||||
whatpricetxt1: "Prisen på en bitcoin afgøres af udbud og efterspørgsel. Når efterspørgsel for bitcoin øges, stiger prisen, og når efterspørgsel falder, falder prisen også. Der er kun et endeligt antal bitcoin i cirkulation, og nye bitcoin skabes med en forudsigelig og faldende hyppighed, hvilket betyder at efterspørgsel skal følge dette niveau af inflation for at holde prisen stabil. Da Bitcoin stadig er et relativt lille marked, sammenlignet med hvad det kunne være, skal der ikke betydelige mængder penge til at flytte markedet op eller ned, og dermed er prisen på en bitcoin stadig meget flygtig."
|
||||
whatpriceimg1: "Bitcoin-pris. 2011 til 2013:"
|
||||
worthless: "Kan bitcoin blive værdiløse?"
|
||||
worthlesstxt1: "Ja. Historien er fyldt med fejlslagne valutaer, som ikke længere bruges, som fx den <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_gold_mark\">tyske mark</a> under Weimar-republikken og, mere nyligt, den <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwean_dollar\">zimbabwiske dollar</a>. Selvom tidligere valutafiaskoer typisk var på grund af hyperinflation, af en type som er umuligt med Bitcoin, er der altid potentiale for tekniske fiaskoer, konkurrerende valutaer, politiske problemstillinger og så videre. En basal tommelfingerregel siger, at ingen valuta bør anses som absolut sikker, når det kommer til fiasko eller hårde tider. Bitcoin har vist sig pålidelig i flere år siden dens begyndelse, og der er masser af potentiale for, at Bitcoin fortsætter med at vokse. Ingen er dog i stand til at forudsige, hvad fremtiden vil bringe for Bitcoin."
|
||||
bubble: "Er Bitcoin en boble?"
|
||||
bubbletxt1: "En hurtig stigning i prisen udgør ikke en boble. En kunstig overvurdeling, som leder til en pludselig nedadgående rettelse, udgør en boble. Valg baseret på individuelle menneskelige handlinger fra hundrede tusinder af markedsdeltagere er årsagen til, at bitcoins pris fluktuerer, efterhånden som markedet søger prisopdagelse. Begrundelser for ændringer i opfattelsen kan omfatte et fald i tiltroen til Bitcoin, en stor forskel mellem værdi og pris, der ikke er baseret på Bitcoin-økonomiens grundbegreber, forøger pressedækning der stimulerer spekulativ efterspørgsel, frygt for usikkerhed, og gammeldags irrationel begejstring og grådighed."
|
||||
ponzi: "Er Bitcoin et pyramidespil?"
|
||||
ponzitxt1: "Et pyramidespil er en svigagtig investeringsforetagende, som tilbagebetaler investorerne ud fra deres egne penge eller fra penge, der er betalt af efterfølgende investorer, i stedet for fra overskud, der tjenes af de personer, der køre foretagenet. Pyramidespil er designet til at kollapse på bekostning af de sidste investorer, når der ikke længere er nok nye deltagere."
|
||||
ponzitxt2: "Bitcoin er et projekt med fri software og ingen central autoritet. Dermed er ingen i en position til at fremsætte svigagtige repræsentationer af investeringsoverskud. Ligesom med andre store valutaer, så som guld, U.S.-dollar, euro, yen, etc. er der ikke nogen garanteret købekraft og vekselkursen flyder frit. Dette leder til flygtighed, hvor ejere af bitcoin uforudsigeligt kan tjene eller miste penge. Ud over spekulation er Bitcoin også et betalingssystem med brugbare og konkurrencedygtige egenskaber, som bliver brugt af tusinder af brugere og forretninger."
|
||||
earlyadopter: "Giver Bitcoin ikke tidlige brugere unfair fordele?"
|
||||
earlyadoptertxt1: "Nogle tidlige brugere har store summer bitcoin, fordi de tog risici og investerede tid og ressourcer i en uprøvet teknologi, som stort set ikke blev brugt af nogen, og som dengang var meget sværere at sikre ordentligt. Mange tidlige brugere brugte store beløb i bitcoin en del gange, før de blev værdifulde, eller købte kun små beløb og tjente dermed ikke stort. Der er ingen garanti for, at prisen på en bitcoin vil gå op eller ned. Dette er meget lig investering i en tidlig opstartsvirksomhed, som enten kan blive værdifuld gennem dens brugbarhed og popularitet, eller aldrig bryde igennem. Bitcoin er stadig i sin barndom, og den er designet med meget langsigtet basis for øje; det er svært at forestille sig, hvordan det kunne være mindre til fordel for tidlige brugere, og i dags brugere er, eller er måske ikke, morgendagens tidlige brugere."
|
||||
finitelimitation: "Vil den endelige mængde bitcoin ikke blive en begrænsning?"
|
||||
finitelimitationtxt1: "Bitcoin er unik ved at kun 21 millioner bitcoin nogensinde vil blive genereret. Dette vil dog aldrig blive en begrænsning, da bitcoin kan opdeles op til 8 decimaler (0,000 000 01 BTC) og potentielt endnu mindre enheder, hvis det nogensinde bliver nødvendigt i fremtiden. Efterhånden som den gennemsnitlige transaktionsstørrelse bliver mindre, kan transaktioner denomineres i underenheder af en bitcoin, fx millibitcoin (1 mBTC eller 0,001 BTC)."
|
||||
deflationaryspiral: "Vil Bitcoin ikke ende i en deflationsspiral?"
|
||||
deflationaryspiraltxt1: "Teorien om deflationsspiralen siger, at hvis priserne forventes at falde, vil folk flytte deres køb længere ud i fremtiden for at drage fordel af de lavere priser. Dette fald i efterspørgselen vil efterhånden gøre, at handelsdrivende sænker deres priser for at prøve at stimulere efterspørgsel, hvilket gør problemet værre og leder til en økonomisk depression."
|
||||
deflationaryspiraltxt2: "Selvom denne teori er en populær måde at berettige inflation blandt centralbanker, ser den ikke ud til altid at holde vand, og den opfattes som kontroversiel blandt økonomer. Forbrugerelektronik er et eksempel på et marked, hvor priserne falder konstant, men som ikke er i depression. På samme måde er værdien af bitcoin steget over tid, og alligevel er størrelsen på Bitcoin-økonomien også steget dramatisk på samme tid. Da både valutaens værdi og økonomiens størrelse startede på nul i 2009, er Bitcoin et modeksempel på teorien, der viser, at den i nogle tilfælde er forkert."
|
||||
deflationaryspiraltxt3: "På trods af dette er Bitcoin ikke designet til at være en deflatorisk valuta. Det er mere korrekt at sige, at det er Bitcoins mål at være inflatorisk i de tidlige år og blive stabil i de senere år. Det eneste tidspunkt, hvor det samlede antal bitcoins i cirkulation falder, er når folk bekymringsløst mister deres tegnebøger ved at undlade at lave sikkerhedskopier. Med en stabil monetær base og en stabil økonomi, bør valutaens værdi forblive den samme."
|
||||
speculationvolatility: "Er spekulation og flygtighed ikke et problem for Bitcoin?"
|
||||
speculationvolatilitytxt1: "Dette er situationen med hønen og ægget. For at bitcoins pris kan stabilisere, er der brug for en økonomi i stor skala med flere virksomheder og brugere. For at en økonomi i stor skala kan udvikle sig, vil virksomheder og brugere søge prisstabilitet."
|
||||
speculationvolatilitytxt2: "Heldigvis påvirker flygtighed ikke hovedfordelene ved Bitcoin som et betalingssystem til overførsel af penge fra punkt A til punkt B. Det er muligt for virksomheder øjeblikkeligt at konvertere bitcoinbetalinger til deres lokale valuta, hvilket tillader dem at profitere fra fordelene ved Bitcoin uden at være udsat for prisflygtigheder. Da Bitcoin tilbyder mange nyttige og unikke funktionaliteter og egenskaber, vælger mange brugere at benytte Bitcoin. Med sådanne løsninger og incitamenter er det muligt, at Bitcoin vil modne og udvikle sig til en grad, hvor prisflygtighed vil være begrænset."
|
||||
buyall: "Hvad nu hvis en person købte alle eksisterende bitcoin?"
|
||||
buyalltxt1: "Kun en brøkdel af de bitcoin, der er udstedt til dato, kan findes til salg på børserne. Bitcoin-markeder er konkurrenceprægede, hvilket betyder, at prisen på en bitcoin vil stige eller falde afhængigt af udbud og efterspørgsel. Derudover vil nye bitcoin fortsat blive udstedt i flere årtier. Derfor vil selv den mest målrettede køber ikke kunne købe alle eksisterende bitcoin. Denne situation skal dog ikke foreslå, at markederne ikke er sårbare overfor prismanipulation; det kræver stadig ikke et betydeligt beløb at flytte markedsprisen op eller ned, og dermed forbliver Bitcoin et flygtigt aktiv indtil videre."
|
||||
bettercurrency: "Hvad nu hvis nogen skaber en bedre digital valuta?"
|
||||
bettercurrencytxt1: "Det kan ske. Indtil videre er Bitcoin forblevet langt den mest populære decentraliserede virtuelle valuta, men det kan ikke garanteres, at den vil holde den position. Der er allerede en mængde alternative valutaer, der er inspireret af Bitcoin. Det er dog sandsynligvis korrekt at antage, at betydelige forbedringer vil kræves, for at en ny valuta kan overtage Bitcoin med hensyn til det etablerede marked, selvom dette forbliver uforudsigeligt. Bitcoin kan også tænkes at implementere forbedringer fra en konkurrerende valuta, så længe dette ikke ændrer fundamentale dele af protokollen."
|
||||
transactions: "Transaktioner"
|
||||
tenminutes: "Hvorfor skal jeg vente 10 minutter?"
|
||||
tenminutestxt1: "Modtagelse af en betaling er stort set øjeblikkelig med Bitcoin. Der er dog en gennemsnitlig forsinkelse på 10 minutter, før netværket begynder at bekræfte din transaktion ved at inkludere den i en blok, og før du kan bruge de bitcoin, du modtager. En bekræftelse betyder, at der er konsensus i netværket, at de bitcoin, du modtog, ikke også er sendt til andre og opfattes som din ejendom. Når din transaktion er inkluderet i én blok, vil den fortsætte med at blive \"begravet\" under hver efterfølgende blok efter den, hvilket eksponentielt underbygger denne konsensus og mindsker risikoen for en afvist transaktion. Hver bruger kan frit afgøre, på hvilket tidspunkt de opfatter en transaktion som bekræftet, men 6 bekræftelser anses ofte som lige så sikkert som at vente 6 måneder på en kreditkorttransaktion."
|
||||
fee: "Hvor stort vil transaktionsgebyret være?"
|
||||
feetxt1: "De fleste transaktioner kan bearbejdes uden gebyrer, men brugere opfordres til at betale et lille valgfrit gebyr for hurtigere bekræftelse af deres transaktioner og for at belønne minere. Når gebyrer er påkrævet, overstiger de generelt ikke nogle få 10-ører i værdi. Din Bitcoin-klient vil sædvanligvis prøve at estimere et passende gebyr, når det er nødvendigt."
|
||||
feetxt2: "Transaktionsgebyrer bruges som beskyttelse mod, at brugere sender transaktioner for at overbelaste netværket. Den præcise måde, hvorpå gebyrer fungerer, er stadig under udvikling og vil ændres over tid. Da gebyret ikke er relateret til det beløb, der sendes, kan det virke ekstremt lavt (0,0005 BTC for en overførsel på 1.000 BTC) eller uretfærdigt højt (0,004 BTC for en betaling på 0,02 BTC). Gebyret beregnes udfra egenskaber så som data i transaktionen og transaktionsgentagelse. Hvis du for eksempel modtage et stort antal meget små beløb, så vil gebyrene for at sende disse videre blive højere. Sådanne betalinger kan sammenlignes med at betale en restaurationsregning kun med 50-ører. Hvis du sender brøkdele af dine bitcoin lynhurtigt, kan det også kræve et gebyr. Hvis dine aktiviteter følger mønstret for konventionelle transaktioner, bør gebyrerne forblive meget lave."
|
||||
poweredoff: "Hvad nu hvis jeg modtager bitcoin, mens min computer er slukket?"
|
||||
poweredofftxt1: "Dette fungerer fint. De modtagne bitcoin vil dukke op, næste gang du starter din tegnebogsapplikation. Bitcoin modtages ikke som sådan af selve softwaren på din computer; de tilføjes en offentlig regnskabsbog, som deles mellem alle enheder i netværket. Hvis du modtager bitcoin, mens dit tegnebogsprogram ikke kører, og du senere starter det, vil det hente blokke og følge op på alle de transaktioner, det ikke allerede kendte til, og de modtagne bitcoin vil efterhånden dukke op, som om de lige var blevet modtaget i realtid. Din tegnebog behøves kun, når du vil bruge bitcoin."
|
||||
sync: "Hvad betyder \"synkronisering\", og hvorfor tager det så længe?"
|
||||
synctxt1: "Lange synkroniseringstider er kun påkrævet med komplet-knude-klienter som Bitcoin Core. Teknisk set er synkronisering processen med at hente og verificere alle tidligere Bitcoin-transaktioner fra netværket. For at nogle Bitcoin-klienter kan beregne din tilgængelige saldo i din Bitcoin-tegnebog og oprette nye transaktioner, er de nødt til at være opmærksom på alle tidligere transaktioner. Dette skridt kan være ressourcekrævende og kræver tilpas med båndbredde og lagerplads for at rumme <a href=\"https://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">blokkædens fulde størrelse</a>. For at Bitcoin kan forblive sikkert, bør nok personer blive ved med at benytte komplet-knude-klienter, fordi de udfører opgaven med at validere og videresende transaktioner."
|
||||
mining: "Mining"
|
||||
whatismining: "Hvad er Bitcoin-mining?"
|
||||
whatisminingtxt1: "Mining er en proces, der går ud på at bruge regnekraft på at bearbejde transaktioner, sikre netværket og holde alle i netværket synkroniseret med hinanden. Det kan anskues som Bitcoins datacenter, undtaget for det faktum at det er designet til at være fuldt ud decentraliseret med minere, der opererer fra alle lande, og at ingen person har kontrol over netværket. Denne proces refereres til som \"mining\" som en analogi til guldminedrift, fordi den også fungerer som en midlertidig mekanisme til udstedelse af nye bitcoin. Til forskel fra guldminedrift giver Bitcoin-mining dog en belønning til gengæld for nyttig tjeneste, der kræves for at kunne køre et sikkert betalingsnetværk. Mining vil stadig være påkrævet, når den sidste bitcoin er udstedt."
|
||||
howminingworks: "Hvordan fungerer Bitcoin-mining?"
|
||||
howminingworkstxt1: "Alle kan blive Bitcoin-miner ved at køre software på specialiseret hardware. Mining-software lytter efter transaktioner, der rundsendes gennem bruger-til-bruger-netværket og udfører de fornødne opgaver for at bearbejde og bekræfte disse transaktioner. Bitcoin-minere udfører dette arbejde, fordi de kan tjene transaktionsgebyrer, der betales af brugere for hurtigere transaktionsbearbejdning, og nyligt udstedte bitcoin, der sættes i verden efter en fastsat formel."
|
||||
howminingworkstxt2: "For at nye transaktioner kan bekræftes, skal de inkluderes i en blok sammen med matematisk bevis for arbejdet (proof-of-work). Sådanne beviser er meget svære at generere, fordi der ikke er nogen måde at generere dem andet end at prøve milliardvis af beregninger per sekund. Dette betyder, at minere udfører disse beregninger, før deres blokke bliver accepteret af netværket, og før de bliver belønnet. Efterhånden som flere folk begynder at mine, stiger sværhedsgraden for at finde gyldige blokke automatisk fra netværkets side for at sikre, at den gennemsnitlige tid, det tager at finde en ny blok, forbliver lig med 10 minutter. Som resultat heraf er mining en meget konkurrencepræget størrelse, hvor ingen individuel miner kan kontrollere, hvad der inkluderes i blokkæden."
|
||||
howminingworkstxt3: "Beviset for arbejdet er også designet til at afhænge af den tidligere blok for at gennemtvinge en kronologisk rækkefølge i blokkæden. Dette gør det eksponentielt sværere at omstøde tidligere transaktioner, fordi det kræver genberegning af beviserne for arbejde for alle de efterfølgende blokke. Når to blokke findes på samme tid, arbejder minere på den første blok, de modtager og skifter så til den længste kæde af blokke, så snart den næste blok findes. Dette lader mining at sikre og opretholde global konsensus baseret på beregningskraft."
|
||||
howminingworkstxt4: "Bitcoin-minere er hverken i stand til at snyde ved at forøge deres egen belønning eller ved at beregne på svigagtige transaktioner, som ville kunne kurruptere Bitcoin-netværket, fordi alle Bitcoin-knuder ville afvise enhver blok, der indeholder ugyldig data, som foreskrevet af reglerne i Bitcoin-protokollen. Dermed forbliver netværket sikkert, selv hvis ikke alle Bitcoin-minere kan stoles på."
|
||||
miningwaste: "Er Bitcoin-mining ikke energispild?"
|
||||
miningwastetxt1: "At bruge energi til at sikre og drive et betalingssystem er næppe spild. Ligesom enhver anden betalingstjeneste medfører også Bitcoin nogle driftsomkostninger. Tjenester som er nødvendige for at drive udbredte monetære systemer, såsom banker, betalingskort og pansrede køretøjer, bruger også store mængder energi. Dog er deres energiforbrug, i modsætning til Bitcoin, ikke transparent og er svært at måle."
|
||||
miningwastetxt2: "Bitcoin-mining er designet til at blive mere optimeret over tid ved hjælp af specialiseret hardware, der bruger mindre energi, og driftsomkostningerne ved at mine bør blive ved med at være proportional til efterspørgslen. Når Bitcoin-ming bliver for konkurrencepræget og mindre indbringende, vælger nogle minere at stoppe deres aktiviteter. Der ud over vil al den energi, der bruges på at mine, i sidste ende omformes til varme, og de minere, der tjener mest, vil være dem, der har brugt denne varme til noget fornuftigt. Et optimalt effektivt mining-netværk er et, der faktisk ikke forbruger ekstra energi. Selvom dette er et ideal, er økonomien ved mining sådan indrettet, at minere individuelt stræber efter det."
|
||||
miningsecure: "Hvordan hjælper mining med at sikre Bitcoin?"
|
||||
miningsecuretxt1: "Mining skaber hvad der kan sammenlignes med et konkurrencepræget lotteri, som gør det svært for nogen fortløbende at tilføje nye blokke i blokkæden. Dette beskytter netværkets neutralitet ved at forhindre individer i at få magten til at blokere bestemte transaktioner. Dette forhindrer også individer i at erstatte dele af blokkæden for at annullere deres egne spenderinger, hvilket ville kunne bruges til at svindle andre brugere. Mining gør det eksponentielt sværere at omstøde en tidligere transaktion ved at sætte krav om, at alle følgende blokke fra denne transaktion skal genskrives."
|
||||
miningstart: "Hvad behøver jeg for at begynde at mine?"
|
||||
miningstarttxt1: "I Bitcoins tidlige dage kunne enhver finde en ny blok ved hjælp af deres computers CPU. Efterhånden som flere og flere begyndte at mine, steg sværhedsgraden på at finde nye blokke meget, indtil det punkt hvor den mest omkostningseffektive mining-metode er at bruge specialiseret hardware. Du kan besøge <a href=\"http://www.bitcoinmining.com/\">BitcoinMining.com</a> for mere information."
|
||||
security: "Sikkerhed"
|
||||
secure: "Er Bitcoin sikkert?"
|
||||
securetxt1: "Bitcoin-teknologien – protokollen og kryptografien – har en stærk historik, hvad angår sikkerhed, og Bitcoin-netværket er formentlig det største distribuerede computerprojekt i verden. Bitcoins mest almindelige sårbarhed ligger i brugerfejl. Filer med Bitcoin-tegnebøger, som opbevarer de nødvendige private nøgler, kan blive slettet ved en fejl, mistet eller stjålet. Dette er meget lig fysiske kontanter, dog gemt i digital form. Heldigvis kan brugere implementere sunde <a href=\"#secure-your-wallet#\">sikkerhedsprocedurer</a> for at beskytte deres penge og bruge tjenesteudbydere, som tilbyder et godt sikkerheds- og forsikringsniveau imod tyvery og tab."
|
||||
hacked: "Er Bitcoin ikke blevet hacket i fortiden?"
|
||||
hackedtxt1: "Protokollens regler og den kryptografi, der bruges i Bitcoin, fungerer stadig flere år efter deres skabelse, hvilket er en god indikation på, at konceptet er ordentligt designet. Dog er <a href=\"/en/alerts\">sikkerhedsbrister</a> fundet og løst over tid i forskellige softwareimplementationer. Ligesom med alle andre typer software afhænger sikkerheden ved Bitcoin-software på den hastighed, som problemer bliver fundet og rettet med. Jo mere sådanne problemer opdages, jo mere modner Bitcoin."
|
||||
hackedtxt2: "Der er ofte misforståelser om tyverier og sikkerhedsbrister, som er sket på diverse børser og virksomheder. Selvom disse hændelser er uheldige, involverer ingen af dem, at Bitcoin selv er blevet hacket, ej heller påpeger de fejl, der kan tilskrives Bitcoin; på samme måde som at et bankrøveri ikke betyder, at den danske krone er blevet kompromitteret. Det er dog korrekt at sige. at et komplet række gode procedurer og intuitive sikkerhedsløsninger er nødvendige for at give brugere en bedre beskyttelse af deres penge, og for at reducere den generelle risiko for tyveri og tab. Henover de seneste få år er sådanne sikkerhedsfunktionaliteter udviklet hurtigt efter hinanden, så som kryptering af tegnebøger, offline-tegnebøger, hardware-tegnebøger og multi-signatur-transaktioner."
|
||||
collude: "Kan brugere konspirere mod Bitcoin?"
|
||||
colludetxt1: "Det er ikke muligt at ændre Bitcoin-protokollen så nemt. Enhver Bitcoin-klient, som ikke overholder regelsættet, kan ikke gennemtvinge deres egne regler hos andre brugere. I følge den aktuelle specifikation er dobbeltspendering ikke muligt på den samme blokkæde, og det er det heller ikke at bruge bitcoin uden en gyldig signatur. Derfor er det ikke muligt at generere ukontrollerede mængder af bitcoin ud af den blå luft, bruge andre brugeres penge, korrupte netværket eller noget lignende."
|
||||
colludetxt2: "Dog ville hovedparten af minerne uafhængigt af hinanden kunne vælge at blokere eller omstøde nylige transaktioner. Hovedparten af brugerne kan også presse på for at få ændringer optaget. Da Bitcoin kun fungerer korrekt med komplet konsensus mellem alle brugere, kan det være meget besværligt at ændre protokollen og kræver at et overvældende flertal af brugerne implementerer ændringerne på en sådan måde, at de resterende brugere stort set ikke har andet valg end at følge trop. Som hovedregel er det svært at forestille sig, hvorfor en Bitcoin-bruger ville vælge at implementere en ændring, der kunne kompromittere vedkommendes egne penge."
|
||||
quantum: "Er Bitcoin sårbar overfor kvantecomputere?"
|
||||
quantumtxt1: "Ja, det er generelt de fleste systemer, som afhænger af kryptografi, herunder også traditionelle banksystemer. Men kvantecomputere eksisterer ikke endnu, og kommer sandsynligvis ikke til det foreløbig. I tilfælde af, at kvantecomputere bliver en overhængende trussel mod Bitcoin, så kan protokollen givetvis opgraderes til at være sikker imod kvantekryptografi. Taget en sådan udvikling i betragtning, så er det højest forventeligt, at det vil være et stort fokusområde for alle Bitcoin-udviklere og -brugere."
|
||||
help: "Hjælp"
|
||||
morehelp: "Jeg vil gerne lære mere. Hvor kan jeg få hjælp?"
|
||||
morehelptxt1: "Du kan finde mere information og hjælp på siderne om <a href=\"#resources#\">ressourcer</a> og <a href=\"#community#\">fællesskaber</a> eller på <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/FAQ\">Wiki'ens FAQ</a>."
|
||||
getting-started:
|
||||
title: "Kom i gang – Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Kom i gang med Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagedesc: "Det er nemt og tilgængeligt for alle at bruge Bitcoin til at betale og blive betalt."
|
||||
users: "Hvordan man bruger Bitcoin"
|
||||
inform: "Informér dig selv"
|
||||
informtxt: "Bitcoin er anerledes fra hvad du kender og bruger hver dag. Før du starter med at bruge Bitcoin, er der nogle få ting, du bør vide, for at du kan bruge det sikkert og undgå almindelige fejl."
|
||||
informbut: "Læs mere"
|
||||
choose: "Vælg din tegnebog"
|
||||
choosetxt: "Du kan medbringe en Bitcoin-tegnebog i dit hverdagsliv med din mobilenhed, eller du kan have en tegnebog kun til onlinebetalinger på din computer. Uanset hvad kan du vælge en tegnebog på få minutter."
|
||||
choosebut: "Vælg din tegnebog"
|
||||
get: "Anskaf bitcoin"
|
||||
gettxt: "Du kan anskaffe bitcoin ved at acceptere dem som betaling for varer eller tjenester eller ved at købe dem af en ven eller nogen i nærheden af dig. Du kan også købe dem direkte på en børs ved hjælp af din bankkonto."
|
||||
getbut: "Find en børs"
|
||||
spend: "Brug bitcoin"
|
||||
spendtxt: "Der er et voksende antal tjenester og handelsdrivende, der modtager Bitcoin over hele verden. Du kan bruge Bitcoin til at betale dem, og bedøm din oplevelse for at hjælpe ærlige virksomheder med at få mere synlighed."
|
||||
spendbut: "Find handelsdrivende"
|
||||
merchants: "Hvordan man modtager Bitcoin"
|
||||
merchantinform: "Informér dig selv"
|
||||
merchantinformtxt: "Bitcoin kræver ikke, at handelsdrivende ændrer på deres vaner. Bitcoin er dog anerledes end hvad du kender og bruger hver dag. Før du starter med at bruge Bitcoin, er der nogle få ting, du bør vide, for at du kan bruge det sikkert og undgå almindelige fejl."
|
||||
merchantinformbut: "Læs mere"
|
||||
merchantservice: "Bearbejdning af betalinger"
|
||||
merchantservicetxt: "Du kan bearbejde betalinger og fakturaer selv, eller du kan bruge tjenester for handelsdrivende og indsætte penge i din lokale valuta eller bitcoin. De fleste fysiske forretninger bruger en tablet eller mobiltelefon for at lade kunder betale med deres mobiltelefon."
|
||||
merchantservicebut: "Find tjenester for handelsdrivende"
|
||||
tax: "Regnskab og skatter"
|
||||
taxtxt: "Handelsdrivende deponerer og viser ofte priser i deres lokale valuta. I andre tilfælde fungerer Bitcoin på stort set samme måde som fremmed valuta. For at få passende vejledning omkring skatteforpligtelser under dine myndigheder bør du kontakte en kvalificeret revisor."
|
||||
taxbut: "Læs mere"
|
||||
visibility: "At opnå synlighed"
|
||||
visibilitytxt: "Der er et voksende antal brugere, der søger efter muligheder for at bruge deres bitcoin. Du kan melde din forretning til online-kataloger for at hjælpe dem med at finde dig. Du kan også vise <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Promotional_graphics\">Bitcoin-logoet</a> på din webside eller i din fysiske forretning."
|
||||
visibilitybut: "Tilmeld din forretning"
|
||||
how-it-works:
|
||||
title: "Hvordan fungerer Bitcoin? – Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Hvordan fungerer Bitcoin?"
|
||||
intro: "Dette er et spørgsmål, der ofte skaber forvirring. Her er en hurtig forklaring!"
|
||||
basics: "Det elementære for nye brugere"
|
||||
basicstxt1: "Som ny bruger kan du <a href=\"#getting-started#\">komme i gang</a> med Bitcoin uden at forstå de tekniske detaljer. Når du har installeret en Bitcoin-tegnebog på din computer eller mobiltelefon, vil den generere din første Bitcoin-adresse, og du kan oprette flere, når du behøver dem. Du kan vise dine adresser til venner, så de kan betale dig, og vice versa. Dette ligner faktisk ret godt, hvordan email virker, bortset fra, at Bitcoin-adresser bør kun bruges én gang."
|
||||
balances: "Saldi<a class=\"titlelight\"> – blokkæde</a>"
|
||||
balancestxt: "Blokkæden er en <b>delt offentlig regnskabsbog</b>, som hele Bitcoin-netværket afhænger af. Alle bekræftede transaktioner gemmes i blokkæden. På denne måde kan Bitcoin-tegnebøger beregne deres saldo, og nye transaktioner kan verificeres som brugbare bitcoins, som faktisk ejes af afsenderen. Integriteren og den kronologiske rækkefølge af blokkæden håndhæves ved hjælp af <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.cryptography]\">kryptografi</a>."
|
||||
transactions: "Transaktioner<a class=\"titlelight\"> – private nøgler</a>"
|
||||
transactionstxt: "En transaktion er <b>en overførsel af værdier mellem Bitcoin-tegnebøger</b>, som inkluderes i blokkæden. Bitcoin-tegnebøger har et stykke hemmelig data, der kaldes en <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.privatekey]\"><i>privat nøgle</i></a> eller sæd, som bruges til at signere transaktioner, hvilket giver matematisk bevis for, at de kommer fra ejeren af tegnebogen. <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.signature]\"><i>Signaturen</i></a> forhindrer også, at transaktionen bliver ændret af nogen, efter den er afsendt. Alle transaktioner rundsendes imellem brugerne og begynder normalt at modtage bekræftelser i de følgende 10 minutter, gennem en proces, der kaldes <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.mining]\"><i>mining</i></a>."
|
||||
processing: "Håndtering<a class=\"titlelight\"> – mining</a>"
|
||||
processingtxt: "Mining er et <b>distribueret konsensussystem</b>, som bruges til at <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.confirmation]\"><i>bekræfte</i></a> ventende transaktioner, ved at inkludere dem i blokkæden. Det opretholder en kronologisk rækkefølge i blokkæden, beskytter netværkets neutralitet og tillader forskellige computere at være enige om systemets tilstand. For at blive bekræftet skal transaktioner pakkes i en <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.block]\">blok</i></a>, som passer ind i meget strikte kryptografiske regler, som verificeres af netværket. Disse regler forhindrer tidligere blokke at blive ændret, fordi hvis det skete, ville alle efterfølgende blokke blive ugyldige. Mining skaber også det der svarer til et konkurrencepræget lotteri, som forhindrer enhver enkeltperson i let at tilføje nye blokke fortløbende i blokkæden. På denne måde kan ingen enkeltpersoner styre, hvad der inkluderes i blokkæden eller erstatte dele af blokkæden for at annullere egne overførsler."
|
||||
readmore: "I flere detaljer"
|
||||
readmoretxt: "Dette er kun en meget kortfattet opsummering af systemet. Hvis du vil vide mere om detaljerne, kan du <a href=\"/bitcoin.pdf\">læse den oprindelige videnskabelige artikel</a>, som beskriver systemets design, læse <a href=\"/en/developer-documentation\">udviklerdokumentationen</a> og udforske <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Main_Page\">Bitcoin-wikien</a>."
|
||||
index:
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin – P2P-penge med åben kildekode"
|
||||
listintro: "Bitcoin er et innovativt betalingsnetværk og en ny type penge"
|
||||
list1: "Øjeblikkelige bruger-<br>til-bruger-betalinger"
|
||||
list2: "Globale<br>betalinger"
|
||||
list3: "Ingen eller lave<br>betalingsgebyrer"
|
||||
desc: "Bitcoin benytter P2P-teknologi (bruger-til-bruger) for at fungere uden central autoritet eller banker; transaktionshåndtering og udstedelse af bitcoin sker i fællesskab i netværket. <b>Bitcoin har åben kildekode; designet er offentligt, ingen ejer eller styrer Bitcoin og <a href=\"#support-bitcoin#\">alle kan tage del</a></b>. Gennem mange af dets unikke egenskaber tillader Bitcoin brugere, som ellers ikke kunne dækkes af noget eksisterende betalingssystem."
|
||||
overview: "Eller få et hurtigt overblik for"
|
||||
individuals: "Enkeltpersoner"
|
||||
businesses: "Virksomheder"
|
||||
developers: "Udviklere"
|
||||
innovation:
|
||||
title: "Innovation – Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Innovation i betalingssystemer"
|
||||
summary: "Bitcoin-protokollen handler ikke bare om at sende penge fra A til B. Den har mange funktionaliteter og åbner mange muligheder, som fællesskabet stadig udforsker. Her er nogle af de teknologier, der p.t. arbejdes på, og i nogle tilfælde er blevet til reelle produkter og tjenester. De mest interessante brugstilfælde af Bitcoin er sandsynligvis stadig ikke opdaget."
|
||||
control: "Styr på svindelen"
|
||||
controltext: "Et sikkerhedsniveau uden forstykke er muligt med Bitcoin. Netværket tillader brugere at beskytte sig imod de mest udbredte svindelnumre, så som chargebacks eller uønskede opkrævninger, og bitcoin er umulige at forfalske. Brugere kan sikkerhedskopiere deres tegnebog og hardware-tegnebøger kan gøre det meget svært at stjæle eller miste penge i fremtiden. Bitcoin er designet til at give brugerne mulighed for at være i fuldstændig kontrol over deres penge."
|
||||
global: "Global tilgængelighed"
|
||||
globaltext: "Alle betalinger i verden kan være fuldstændig interoperable. Bitcoin tillader enhver bank, forretning eller individ sikkert at sende og modtage betalinger overalt på alle tidspunkter, med eller uden en bankkonto. Bitcoin er tilgængelig i et stort antal lande, som stadig er udenfor rækkevidde for de fleste betalingssystemer på grund af deres egne begrænsninger. Bitcoin øger den globale tilgængelighed for samhandel og det kan hjælpe internationale handler med at blomstre."
|
||||
cost: "Omkostningseffektivitet"
|
||||
costtext: "Ved brug af kryptografi er sikre betalinger mulige uden langsomme og dyre mellemmænd. En Bitcoin-transaktion kan være meget billigere end alternativerne og kan færdiggøres på kort tid. Dette betyder, at Bitcoin indeholder potentiale til at blive en almindeligt brugt metode til at overføre enhver valuta i fremtiden. Bitcoin kan også spille en rolle i at <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrRXP1tp6Kw\">reducere fattigdom</a> i mange lande ved at beskære de høje transaktionsgebyrer på arbejderes lønninger."
|
||||
donation: "Drikkepenge og donationer"
|
||||
donationtext: "Bitcoin har vist sig som en specielt effektiv løsning til drikkepenge og donationer i mange tilfælde. Det kræver kun ét klik at sende en betaling, og det kan være så simpelt som at vise en QR-kode at modtage donationer. Donationer kan være synlige for offentligheden, hvilket giver øget gennemsigtighed for non-profit-organisationer. I tilfælde med nødsituationer, så som naturkatastrofer, ville Bitcoin-donationer kunne bidrage til en hurtigere international respons."
|
||||
crowdfunding: "Folkefinanciering"
|
||||
crowdfundingtext: "Selvom det endnu ikke er nemt at bruge, kan Bitcoin bruges til at køre Kickstarter-agtige folkefinancieringskampagner, hvor hver person kautionerer penge til et projekt, som kun tages fra dem, hvis nok kautioneringer indgives for at nå målet. Sådanne forsikringskontrakter bearbejdes af Bitcoin-protokollen, hvilket forhindrer en transaktion i at finde sted, før alle betingelser er opfyldt. <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Contracts#Example_3:_Assurance_contracts\">Lær mere</a> om teknologien bag folkefinanciering."
|
||||
micro: "Mikrobetalinger"
|
||||
microtext: "Bitcoin kan bearbejde betalinger, der svarer til få kroner, og snart endnu mindre beløb. Sådanne betalinger er rutine, selv i dag. Forestil dig at lytte til internetradio, der betales pr. sekund, at se websider med en lille mængde drikkepenge for hver reklame, der ikke vises, eller at købe båndbredde fra et WiFi-hotspot pr. kilobyte. Bitcoin er effektivt nok til at gøre alle disse idéer mulige. <a href=\"https://bitcoinj.github.io/working-with-micropayments\">Lær mere</a> om teknologien bag Bitcoin-mikrobetalinger."
|
||||
mediation: "Mægling"
|
||||
mediationtext: "Bitcoin kan bruges til at udvikle innovative mæglingstjenester ved brug af multi-signaturer. Sådanne tjenester ville kunne gøre det muligt for en tredjepart at godkende eller afvise en transaktion, hvis stridigheder opstår mellem de andre parter, men uden at have kontrol over deres penge. Da sådanne tjenester vil være kompatible med enhver bruger eller handelsdrivende, der bruger Bitcoin, vil dette sandsynligvis føre til fri konkurrence og højere standarder for kvalitet."
|
||||
multisig: "Konti med multi-signaturer"
|
||||
multisigtext: "Multi-signaturer tillader en transaktion kun at blive accepteret af netværket, hvis et vist antal personer i en defineret gruppe signerer transaktionen. Dette ville kunne bruges af et direktionspanel for at forhindre, at et enkelt medlem bruger af midlerne uden de andre medlemmers samtykke. Det kan også bruges af banker for at forhindre tyveri ved at blokere betalinger over en bestemt grænse, hvis brugeren ikke leverer yderligere legitimationsoplysninger."
|
||||
trust: "Tillid og integritet"
|
||||
trusttext: "Bitcoin tilbyder løsninger på mange af de problemer med tillid, som plager banker. Med selektiv regnskabsgennemsigtighed, digitale kontrakter og uigenkaldelige transaktioner, kan Bitcoin bruges som grundsten for at genskabe tillid og enighed. Skurkagtige banker kan ikke snyde systemet for at profitere på det på bekostning af andre banker eller offentligheden. En fremtid, hvor de store banker støtter Bitcoin, kan hjælpe med at genindsætte integritet og tillid i finansielle institutioner."
|
||||
resiliency: "Elasticitet og decentralisering"
|
||||
resiliencytext: "Ved hjælp af det høje niveau af decentralisering skabte Bitcoin en anerledes form for betalingsnetværk med et forhøjet niveau af elasticitet og redundans. Bitcoin kan håndtere millionvis af dollar i handler uden at kræve beskyttelse på militærplan. Uden et centralt fejlpunkt, som fx et datacenter, er det et sværere projekt at angribe netværket. Bitcoin ville kunne repræsentere et interessant skridt hen imod at sikre lokale og globale financielle systemer."
|
||||
transparency: "Fleksibel gennemsigtighed"
|
||||
transparencytext: "Alle Bitcoin-transaktioner er offentlige og gennemsigtige, og identiteten af personerne bag betalingerne er som udgangspunkt privat. Dette tillader individer og organisationer at arbejde med fleksible regler for gennemsigtighed. For eksempel kan en virksomhed vælge at afsløre enkelte transaktioner og saldi til bestemte ansatte, ligesom en non-profit organisation kan vælge at tillade offentligheden at se, hvor meget de modtager i daglige og månedlige donationer."
|
||||
automation: "Automatiserede løsninger"
|
||||
automationtext: "Automatiserede tjenester bliver normalvis besværliggjort af omkostninger og begrænsninger ved kontant- og kreditkortbetalinger. Dette inkluderer alle former for selvbetjeningsautomater, fra busbilletautomater til kaffeautomater. Bitcoin er tilpasset brug i en ny generation af automatiserede tjenester, så vel som det kan skære ned på driftsomkostningerne. Forestil dig selvkørende taxier eller en forretning, hvor din kurv lader dig betale for dine indkøb uden at vente i køen. Mange idéer er mulige."
|
||||
legal:
|
||||
title: "Juridisk fraskrivelse – Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Juridisk fraskrivelse"
|
||||
termstxt1: "Denne webside indeholder information og materiale af generel art. Denne information er kun beregnet til informationsformål. Denne webside kan indeholde information, som handler om reelle eller potentielle juridiske emner. Denne information er ikke erstatning for kvalificeret juridisk rådgivning. Du er ikke autoriseret til, og du bør ikke, stole på denne webside med hensyn til juridisk rådgivning. På ingen måde er ejerne af, eller bidragerne til, denne webside ansvarlig for de handlinger, beslutninger eller anden opførsel, du tager eller ikke tager på baggrund af denne webside. Dette inkluderer, men er ikke begrænset til, juridiske eller teknologiske årsager. Du handler for din egen risiko, hvis du handler på baggrund af indholdet af denne webside. Hvis du beslutter dig for at handle eller ikke handle, bør du kontakte en licenseret advokat under den relevante myndighed, hvori du ønsker eller behøver hjælp."
|
||||
termstxt2: "Denne webside kan indeholde oversættelser af den engelske version af indholdet. Disse oversættelser tilbydes kun som en bekvemmelighed. I tilfælde af, at den engelsksprogede version og en oversat version af indholdet ikke stemmer overens, har den engelsksprogede version forret. Hvis du bemærker en uoverensstemmelse, bedes du rapportere den på <a href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org\">GitHub</a>."
|
||||
protect-your-privacy:
|
||||
title: "Beskyt dit privatliv – Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Beskyt dit privatliv"
|
||||
pagedesc: "Bitcoin opfattes ofte som et anonymt betalingsnetværk. Men i virkeligheden er Bitcoin vel nok det mest gennemsigtige betalingssystem i verden. På samme tid kan Bitcoin tilbyde et acceptabelt niveau af privatlivsbeskyttelse, når det bruges korrekt. <b>Husk altid, at det er dit ansvar at bruge god praksis for at beskytte dit privatliv</b>."
|
||||
traceable: "Forståelse af Bitcoins sporbarhed"
|
||||
traceabletxt: "Bitcoin arbejder med et niveau af gennemsigtighed, som er uden fortilfælde, og som de fleste ikke er vant til at arbejde med. Alle Bitcoin-transaktioner er offentlige, sporbare og gemmes permanent i Bitcoin-netværket. Bitcoin-adresser er den eneste information, der bruges til at afgøre, hvor bitcoin er fordelt, og hvortil de bliver sendt. Disse adresser oprettes under private forhold af hver brugers tegnebog. Men når en adresse først er brugt, bliver den forbundet med historikken over alle de transaktioner, den er involveret i. Enhver kan se <a href=\"https://www.biteasy.com\">saldoen og alle transaktioner</a> for enhver adresse. Da brugere normalt er nødt til at afsløre deres identitet for at modtage varer eller tjenester, kan Bitcoin-adresser ikke forblive fuldt ud anonyme. Af disse grunde bør Bitcoin-adresser kun benyttes én gang, og brugere bør være forsigtige med ikke at afsløre deres adresser."
|
||||
receive: "Brug nye adresser til at modtage betalinger"
|
||||
receivetxt: "For at beskytte dit privatliv bør du bruge en ny Bitcoin-adresse, hver gang du modtager en ny betaling. Der ud over kan du bruge flere tegnebøger til forskellige formål. Ved at gøre dette kan du isolere hver af dine transaktioner på en sådan måde, at det ikke er muligt at associere dem alle med hinanden. Personer, der sender dig penge, kan ikke se hvilke andre Bitcoin-adresser, du ejer, og hvad du gør med dem. Dette er nok det vigtigste råd, du bør holde dig for øje."
|
||||
send: "Brug byttepengeadresser når du sender betalinger"
|
||||
sendtxt: "Du kan bruge en Bitcoin-klient som Bitcoin Core, der gør det besværligt at spore dine transaktioner ved at oprette en ny byttepengeadresse, hver gang du sender en betaling. Hvis du for eksempel modtager 5 BTC på adresse A, og du senere sender 2 BTC til adresse B, skal de overskydende byttepenge sendes tilbage til dig. Nogle Bitcoin-klienter er designet til at sende byttepengene til en ny adresse C på en sådan måde, at det bliver besværligt at vide, om du ejer Bitcoin-adresse B eller C."
|
||||
public: "Vær forsigtig med offentlige steder"
|
||||
publictxt: "Med mindre din intention er at modtage offentlige donationer eller betalinger med fuld gennemsigtighed, er det ikke en god idé, hvad angår privatliv, at offentliggøre en Bitcoin-adresse på nogen form for offentligt sted, så som en webside eller socialt netværk. Hvis du vælger at gøre dette, så husk altid at, hvis du flytter penge fra denne adresse til en af dine andre adresser, vil den blive offentligt forbundet til historikken for din offentlige adresse. Der ud over bør du også være forsigtig med ikke at offentliggøre information om dine transaktioner og køb, som kunne lade nogen identificere dine Bitcoin-adresser."
|
||||
iplog: "Din IP-adresse kan blive logført"
|
||||
iplogtxt: "Da Bitcoin-netværket er et bruger-til-bruger-netværk (P2P), er det muligt at lytte efter transaktioners videresendere og logføre deres IP-adresser. Klienter med komplette knuder videresender alle brugeres transaktioner, ligesom deres egne. Dette betyder, at det kan være svært at finde kilden for en bestemt transaktion, og enhver Bitcoin-knude kan fejlagtigt antages som kilden til en transaktion, selvom den ikke er det. Du bør overveje at skjule din computers IP-adresse med et værktøj som <a href=\"https://www.torproject.org/\">Tor</a>, så den ikke kan logføres."
|
||||
mixing: "Begrænsninger for miksertjenester"
|
||||
mixingtxt: "Onlinetjenester, der kaldes miksertjenester (mixer services) tilbyder at mikse sporbarheden mellem brugere ved at modtage og tilbagesende de samme beløb ved hjælp af uafhængige Bitcoin-adresser. Det er vigtigt at notere sig, at lovligheden ved at bruge en sådan tjeneste kan afvige fra myndighed til myndighed. Sådanne tjenester kræver også, at du har tillid til, at de personer, der kører dem, ikke mister eller stjæler dine penge, og at de ikke holder log over dine forespørgsler. Selv om miksertjenester kan bryde sporbarheden for små beløb, bliver det tiltagende mere besværligt at gøre det samme for større transaktioner."
|
||||
future: "Fremtidige forbedringer"
|
||||
futuretxt: "Mange forbedringer kan forventes i fremtiden for at forøge privatlivetsbeskyttelsen. For eksempel er der kræfter, der arbejder på at få API'en for betalingsbeskeder til at undgå at forbinde flere adresser under en betaling. Bitcoin Cores byttepengeadresser bliver sandsynligvis implementeret i andre tegnebøger over tid. Grafiske brugerflader kan forbedres for at give brugervenlige betalingsanmodninger og fraråde genbrug af adresser. Diverse forskning og arbejde udføres også for at udvikle andre potentielle udvidede privatlivsfunktionaliteter, så som at være i stand til at samle tilfældige brugeres transaktioner sammen."
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
title: "Ressourcer – Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Bitcoin-ressourcer"
|
||||
pagedesc: "Find brugbare websider og ressourcer om Bitcoin."
|
||||
useful: "Brugbare steder"
|
||||
linkwiki: "<a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/\">Bitcoin-wiki</a>"
|
||||
directories: "Oversigter"
|
||||
linkwallets: "Tegnebøger"
|
||||
linkmerchants: "Handelsdrivende"
|
||||
linkexchanges: "Børser"
|
||||
linkmerchantstools: "Værktøjer for handelsdrivende"
|
||||
charts: "Diagrammer og statistikker"
|
||||
news: "Nyheder"
|
||||
documentaries: "Dokumentarer"
|
||||
learn: "Indlæringsressourcer"
|
||||
secure-your-wallet:
|
||||
title: "Sikring af din tegnebog – Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Sikring af din tegnebog"
|
||||
summary: "Ligesom i virkeligheden skal din tegnebog sikres. Bitcoin gør det muligt at overføre værdier til ethvert sted på en meget nem måde, og det tillader dig at have kontrol over dine penge. Sådanne fantastiske funktionaliteter kommer også med afgørende sikkerhedsovervejelser. Hvis det bruges korrekt, kan Bitcoin sikre et meget højt niveau af sikkerhed. <b>Husk altid, at det er dit ansvar at benytte dig af gode arbejdsmetoder for at sikre dine penge</b>."
|
||||
everyday: "Små beløb til hverdagsbrug"
|
||||
everydaytxt: "En Bitcoin-tegnebog er som en tegnebog med kontanter. Hvis du ikke ville føle dig sikker ved at have ti tusinde kroner i din lomme, bør du have samme overvejelser for din Bitcoin-tegnebog. Generelt er det god praksis kun at opbevare små bitcoin-beløb på din computer, mobile enhed eller server til hverdagsbrug og at opbevare det resterende af dine penge i mere sikre omgivelser."
|
||||
online: "Vær forsigtig med onlinetjenester"
|
||||
onlinetxt: "Du bør være varsom med enhver tjeneste, der er designet til at opbevare dine penge online. Mange børser og online-tegnebøger har lidt under sikkerhedsbrister i fortiden, og sådanne tjenester tilbyder stadig ikke nok forsikring og sikkerhed til at blive brugt til at opbevare dine penge som en bank. Dermed bør du sandsynligvis bruge andre typer <a href=\"#choose-your-wallet#\">Bitcoin-tegnebøger</a>. Ellers skal du vælge sådanne tjenester med stor forsigtighed. Der ud over anbefales to-faktor-autentificering."
|
||||
backup: "Tag sikkerhedskopi af din tegnebog"
|
||||
backuptxt: "Hvis din sikkerhedskopi opbevares et sikkert sted, kan den beskytte dig mod computernedbrud og mange menneskelige fejl. Den kan også tillade dig at genskabe din tegnebog, hvis din mobile enhed eller din computer bliver stjålet, hvis du krypterer din tegnebog."
|
||||
backupwhole: "Tag sikkerhedskopi af hele din tegnebog"
|
||||
backupwholetxt: "Nogle tegnebøger bruger mange skjulte private nøgler internt. Hvis du kun har en sikkerhedskopi af de private nøgler for dine synlige Bitcoin-adresser, er du måske ikke i stand til at genskabe en stor del af dine penge med din sikkerhedskopi."
|
||||
backuponline: "Kryptér online-sikkerhedskopier"
|
||||
backuponlinetxt: "Enhver sikkerhedskopi, der opbevares online, er yderst sårbar overfor tyveri. Selv en computer, der er forbundet til Internet, er sårbar overfor ondsindet software. Som sådan er det god sikkerhedspraksis at kryptere enhver sikkerhedskopi, som udsættes for netværket."
|
||||
backupmany: "Benyt mange sikre steder"
|
||||
backupmanytxt: "\"Single point of failure\" har negativ virkning på sikkerheden. Hvis din sikkerhedskopi ikke afhænger af et enkelt fysisk opbevaringssted, er det mindre sandsynligt, at en hændelse vil forhindre dig i at genskabe din tegnebog. Du bør også overveje at bruge forskellige medier, så som USB-nøgler, papir og CDer."
|
||||
backupregular: "Foretag regelmæssige sikkerhedskopier"
|
||||
backupregulartxt: "Du skal sikkerhedskopiere din tegnebog regelmæssigt for at være sikker på, at alle nylige Bitcoin-adresser med byttepenge og alle nye Bitcoin-adresser, som du har oprettet, er inkluderet i din sikkerhedskopi. Alle programmer vil dog snart bruge tegnebøger, som kun behøver at blive sikkerhedskopieret én gang."
|
||||
encrypt: "Kryptér din tegnebog"
|
||||
encrypttxt: "Hvis du krypterer din tegnebog eller din smartphone, kan du sætte et kodeord for enhver, der forsøger at trække penge ud. Dette hjælper med at beskytte imod tyve, selvom det ikke kan beskytte imod hardware eller software, der optager dine tastetryk."
|
||||
encryptforget: "Glem aldrig dit kodeord"
|
||||
encryptforgettxt: "Du bør være sikker på, at du aldrig glemmer dit kodeord, eller dine penge vil gå tabt for evigt. Til forskel fra din bank, er der meget begrænsede muligheder for genskabelse af kodeord med Bitcoin. Faktisk bør du være i stand til at huske dit kodeord, selv efter mange år uden at du har brugt det. Hvis du er i tvivl, kan du overveje at opbevare en papirudgave af dit kodeord et sikkert sted, så som et pengeskab."
|
||||
encryptstrong: "Benyt et stærkt kodeord"
|
||||
encryptstrongtxt: "Ethvert kodeord, der kun indeholder bogstaver eller genkendelige ord, kan opfattes som meget svage og lette at bryde. Et stærkt kodeord skal indeholde bogstaver, tal, tegn og skal være mindst 16 tegn langt. De mest sikre kodeord er dem, der bliver genereret af programmer, som er designet til netop dette formål. Stærke kodeord er normalt sværere at huske, så du skal være omhyggelig med at lære det udenad."
|
||||
offline: "Offline-tegnebog til opsparing"
|
||||
offlinetxt: "En offline-tegnebog, også kendt som kold opbevaring eller \"cold storage\", giver det højeste niveau for sikkerhed ved opsparinger. Det involverer opbevaring af en tegnebog på et sikkert sted, som ikke er forbundet til netværket. Når det gøres rigtigt, kan det give en rigtig god beskyttelse imod computersårbarheder. Det er også god praksis at benytte en offline-tegnebog sammen med sikkerhedskopier og kryptering. Her er et overblik over nogle fremgangsmåder."
|
||||
offlinetx: "Signering af offline-transaktioner"
|
||||
offlinetxtxt1: "Denne fremgangsmåde involverer to computere, som deler nogle dele af den samme tegnebog. Den første computer skal være frakoblet ethvert netværk. Dette er det eneste sted, hvor hele tegnebogen opbevares, og den er i stand til at signere transaktioner. Den anden computer er forbundet til netværket og har kun en kigge-tegnebog, som kun kan oprette usignerede transaktioner. På denne måde kan du på sikker vis oprette nye transaktioner med de følgende trin."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt2: "Opret en ny transaktion på den computer, der er online, og gem den på en USB-nøgle."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt3: "Signér transaktionen med den computer, der er offline."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt4: "Send den signerede transaktion med den computer, der er online."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt5: "Da den computer, som er forbundet til netværket, ikke kan signere transaktioner, kan den ikke bruges til at hæve penge fra din tegnebog, hvis den kompromitteres. <a href=\"https://bitcoinarmory.com/about/using-our-wallet/#offlinewallet\">Armory</a> kan bruges til at lave signering af offline-transaktioner."
|
||||
hardwarewallet: "Hardware-tegnebøger"
|
||||
hardwarewallettxt: "Hardware-tegnebøger tilbyder den bedste balance mellem meget høj sikkerhed og brugervenlighed. Disse er små enheder, som er designet fra bunden til at være en tegnebog og intet andet. Intet software kan installeres på dem, hvilket gør dem meget sikre imod computersårbarheder og online tyve. Da de giver mulighed for sikkerhedskopier, kan du genanskaffe dine penge, hvis du mister enheden."
|
||||
hardwarewalletsoon: "P.t. er ingen hardware-tegnebog i produktion, men de kommer snart:"
|
||||
update: "Hold din software opdateret"
|
||||
updatetxt: "Hvis du bruger den seneste version af din Bitcoin-software, har du de seneste vigtige stabilitets- og sikkerhedsrettelser. Opdateringer kan forhindre problemer af varierende alvorlighed, bringe dig nye funktionaliteter og hjælpe med at holde din tegnebog sikker. Det er også vigtigt at installere opdateringer for al anden software på din computer eller mobile enhed for at holde din tegnebogs omgivelser mere sikre."
|
||||
offlinemulti: "Multi-signatur for at beskytte imod tyveri"
|
||||
offlinemultitxt: "Bitcoin indeholder en funktionalitet for multi-signaturer, som tillader en transaktion at kræve signering fra mere end én privat nøgle, for den går igennem. Det kan p.t. kun bruges af teknisk bevidste brugere, men en større udbredelse af denne funktionalitet kan ventes i fremtiden. Multi-signaturer kan fx tillade en organisation at give adgang til dens midler for dens medlemmer, mens hævning af midler kun tillades, hvis 3 ud af 5 medlemmer signerer transaktionen. Det kan også tillade fremtidige tegnebøger at dele en multi-signatur-adresse med andre brugere, sådan at en tyv ville skulle kompromittere både din computer og online tegnebogsservere for at kunne stjæle dine penge."
|
||||
offlinetestament: "Tænk over dit testamente"
|
||||
offlinetestamenttxt: "Dine bitcoin kan mistes for evigt, hvis du ikke har en plan for en sikkerhedskopi til din familie eller venner. Hvis dine tegnebøgers eller kodeords opbevaringssted ikke kendes af nogen, når du er væk, er der intet håb for, at dine penge nogensinde kan fremskaffes igen. Det kan gøre en kollosal forskel at bruge noget tid til at tænke over dette."
|
||||
support-bitcoin:
|
||||
title: "Støt Bitcoin – Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Støt Bitcoin"
|
||||
summary: "Bitcoin er en protokol, som blev skabt i et lille fællesskab, og som siden er vokset hurtigt. Der er en masse ting, du kan gøre for at hjælpe Bitcoin med at sprede og forbedre sig over tid."
|
||||
use: "Brug Bitcoin"
|
||||
usetxt: "At <a href=\"#getting-started#\">bruge Bitcoin</a> er det første, du kan gøre for at støtte Bitcoin. Der er sikkert mange situationer, hvor det kan gøre dit liv lettere. Du kan tage imod betalinger og gøre køb med Bitcoin."
|
||||
node: "Vær netværket"
|
||||
nodetxt: "Du kan slutte dig til Bitcoin-netværket ved at holde <a href=\"#download#\">komplet-knude-software</a> kørende på din computer eller en dedikeret server. Komplette knuder sikrer og videresender alle brugernes transaktioner. De kan sammenlignes med netværkets rygrad."
|
||||
mining: "Mining"
|
||||
miningtxt: "Du kan starte med at <a href=\"http://www.bitcoinmining.com/\">mine bitcoin</a> for at hjælpe med at bearbejde transaktioner. For at hjælpe netværket, bør du melde dig ind i <a href=\"https://blockchain.info/pools\">mindre mining-pools</a> og foretrække decentraliserede pools som <a href=\"http://p2pool.in/\">P2Pool</a> eller <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Comparison_of_mining_pools\">pools</a> med understøttelse for getblocktemplate (GBT)."
|
||||
develop: "Udvikling"
|
||||
developtxt: "Bitcoin er fri software. Så hvis du er udvikler, kan du bruge dine superkræfter til at gøre gode gerninger og <a href=\"#development#\">forbedre Bitcoin</a>. Eller du kan opbygge enestående nye tjenester eller software, som kan bruge Bitcoin."
|
||||
donation: "Donation"
|
||||
donationtxt: "Den nemmeste måde at hjælpe er at <a href=\"https://bitcoinfoundation.org/donate\">donere</a> en lille mængde bitcoin til Bitcoin Foundation. Eller du kan hjælpe med at donere direkte til ethvert projekt, der relaterer til Bitcoin, som du mener, vil være brugbart i fremtiden."
|
||||
nonprofit: "Organisationer"
|
||||
nonprofittxt: "<a href=\"https://bitcoinfoundation.org/\">Bitcoin Foundation</a> og mange andre <a href=\"#community##[community.non-profit]\">non-profit-organisationer</a> er dedikerede til at beskytte og promovere Bitcoin. Du kan hjælpe disse grupper ved at melde dig ind i dem og deltage i deres projekter, diskussioner og begivenheder."
|
||||
spread: "Spred"
|
||||
spreadtxt: "Tal om Bitcoin til interesserede personer. Skriv om det på din blog. Fortæl dine favoritforretninger, at du gerne vil kunne betale med Bitcoin. Hjælp med at holde <a href=\"http://usebitcoins.info/\">lister over forretningsdrivende</a> opdateret. Eller vær kreativ og lav dig selv en flot Bitcoin-tshirt."
|
||||
wiki: "Dokumentation"
|
||||
wikitxt: "<a href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org#how-to-participate\">Bitcoin.org</a> og <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/\">Bitcoin-wiki</a> giver nyttig dokumentation, og vi forbedrer konstant den information, de indeholder. Du kan hjælpe med at forbedre disse ressourcer og holde dem opdateret."
|
||||
translate: "Oversæt"
|
||||
translatetxt: "Du kan hjælpe med at øge Bitcoins tilgængelighed ved at oversætte eller forbedre oversættelser i vigtige dele af Bitcoin-økosystemet. Vælg blot et projekt, du kunne tænke dig at hjælpe."
|
||||
help: "Mød fællesskaberne"
|
||||
helptxt: "Du kan slutte dig til Bitcoin-<a href=\"#community#\">fællesskaber</a> og tale med andre Bitcoin-entusiaster. Du kan lære mere om Bitcoin hver dag, give hjælp til nye brugere og blive involveret i interessante projekter."
|
||||
vocabulary:
|
||||
title: "Ordliste – Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Nogle Bitcoin-ord, du sikkert hører"
|
||||
summary: "Bitcoin giver en ny tilgang til betalinger og, som sådan, er der nogle nye ord, som kan blive en del af dit ordforråd. Fortvivl ej, selv det nu ydmyge tv skable nye ord!"
|
||||
table: "Indhold"
|
||||
address: "Adresse"
|
||||
addresstxt: "En Bitcoin-adresse er at <b>ligestille med en fysisk adresse eller en email-adresse</b>. Den er den eneste information, du behøver at give til en person, for at vedkommende kan betale dig med Bitcoin. En vigtig forskel er dog, at hver adresse kun bør bruges til en enkelt transaktion."
|
||||
bitcoin: "Bitcoin"
|
||||
bitcointxt: "Bitcoin – skrevet med stort begyndelsesbogstav – bruges når begrebet Bitcoin eller selve netværket beskrives. Fx: \"Jeg lærte noget om Bitcoin-protokollen i dag.\"<br>bitcoin – skrevet med småt – bruges til at beskrive bitcoin som enhed eller konto. Fx: \"Jeg sendte to bitcoin i dag.\" Det forkortes ofte BTC eller XBT."
|
||||
blockchain: "Blokkæde (block chain)"
|
||||
blockchaintxt: "Blokkæden er en <b>offentlig optegnelse over Bitcoin-transaktioner</b> i kronologisk rækkefølge. Blokkæden deles mellem alle Bitcoin-brugere. Den bruges til at verificere bestandigheden af Bitcoin-transaktioner og til at forhindre <a href=\"#[vocabulary.doublespend]\">dobbeltspendering</a>."
|
||||
block: "Blok (block)"
|
||||
blocktxt: "En blok er en <b>fortegnelse i blokkæden, som indeholder og bekræfter mange ventende transaktioner</b>. Omtrent hvert 10. minut gennemsnitligt bliver en ny blok, der indeholder transaktioner, føjet til <a href=\"#[vocabulary.blockchain]\">blokkæden</a> ved hjælp af <a href=\"#[vocabulary.mining]\">mining</a>."
|
||||
btc: "BTC"
|
||||
btctxt: "BTC er den gængse enhed for Bitcoin-valutaen. Denne forkortelse kan bruges på samme måde som USD kan bruges for U.S.-dollar eller DKK for danske kroner i stedet for B⃦, $ eller kr."
|
||||
confirmation: "Bekræftelse (confirmation)"
|
||||
confirmationtxt: "Bekræftelse betyder, at en transaktion er blevet <b>bearbejdet af netværket og er yderst usandsynlig kandidat til at blive afvist</b>. Transaktioner modtager en bekræftelse, når de inkluderes i en <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.block]\">blok</a> og for hver efterfølgende blok. Selv en enkelt bekræftelse kan opfattes som sikker for transaktioner med lav værdi, mens det for større beløb, som fx 10.000 kroner, giver mening at vente på 6 bekræftelser eller mere. Hver bekræftelse forringer <i>eksponentielt</i> risikoen for en afvist transaktion."
|
||||
cryptography: "Kryptografi"
|
||||
cryptographytxt: "Kryptografi er den gren af matematikken, der lader os oprette <b>matematiske beviser, som giver et højt niveau af sikkerhed</b>. Onlinehandel og bankverdenen bruger allerede kryptografi. I Bitcoins tilfælde bruges kryptogafi til at gøre det umuligt for nogen at bruge penge fra en anden brugers tegnebog eller at ødelægge <a href=\"#[vocabulary.blockchain]\">blokkæden</a>. Det kan også bruges til at kryptere en tegnebog, så den ikke kan bruges uden et kodeord."
|
||||
doublespend: "Dobbeltspendering (double spend)"
|
||||
doublespendtxt: "Hvis en ondsindet bruger prøver at <b>sende sine bitcoin til to forskellige modtagere på samme tid</b>, kaldes dette dobbeltspendering. Bitcoin-<a href=\"#[vocabulary.mining]\">mining</a> og <a href=\"#[vocabulary.blockchain]\">blokkæden</a> er der for at skabe enighed i netværket om hvilken en af de to transaktioner, der vil blive bekræftet og opfattes som gyldig."
|
||||
hashrate: "Hashrate (Hash rate)"
|
||||
hashratetxt: "Hashraten er <b>måleenheden for Bitcoin-netværkets beregningskraft</b>. Bitcoin-netværket skal lave intensive matematiske beregninger af sikkerhedsgrunde. Da netværket nåede en hashrate på 10 Th/s, betød det, at det kunne udføre 10 billioner beregninger per sekund."
|
||||
mining: "Mining"
|
||||
miningtxt: "Bitcoin-mining er det at <b>få computer-hardware til at lave matematiske beregninger for Bitcoin-netværket for at bekræfte transaktioner</b> og øge sikkerheden. Som en gevinst for deres tjenester kan Bitcoin-minere samle transaktionsgebyrer for de transaktioner, de bekræfter, sammen med nyligt skabte bitcoin. Mining er et specialiseret og konkurrencepræget marked, hvor gevinster deles op, efter hvor megen beregning man udfører. De færreste Bitcoin-brugere udfører Bitcoin-mining, og det er ikke en let måde at tjene penge."
|
||||
p2p: "P2P"
|
||||
p2ptxt: "Bruger-til-bruger (peer-to-peer) refererer til <b>systemer, som arbejder som en organiseret samling</b> ved at tillade hvert individ at interagere direkte med andre. I Bitcoins tilfælde er netværket opbygget på en sådan måde, at hver bruger rundsender transaktionerne fra andre brugere. Og, afgørende, ingen bank kræves som tredjepart."
|
||||
privatekey: "Privat nøgle (private key)"
|
||||
privatekeytxt: "En privat nøgle er et <b>hemmeligt stykke data, som beviser din ret til at bruge bitcoin fra en bestemt tegnebog</b> ved hjælp af en kryptografisk <a href=\"#[vocabulary.signature]\">signatur</a>. Din(e) private nøgle(r) gemmes på din computer, hvis du bruger en software-tegnebog, og de gemmes på en fjernserver, hvis du bruger en web-tegnebog. Private nøgler må aldrig afsløres, da de tillader dig at bruge bitcoin fra deres respektive Bitcoin-tegnebog."
|
||||
signature: "Signatur"
|
||||
signaturetxt: "En <a href=\"#[vocabulary.cryptography]\">kryptografisk</a> signatur er <b>en matematisk mekanisme, som tillader en person at bevise ejerskab</b>. I Bitcoins tilfælde sammenkædes en <a href=\"#[vocabulary.wallet]\">Bitcoin-tegnebog</a> med dens <a href=\"#[vocabulary.privatekey]\">private nøgle(r)</a> ved hjælp af matematisk magi. Når din Bitcoin-software signerer en transaktion med den rigtige private nøgle, kan hele netværket se, at signaturen stemmer overens med de bitcoin, der bliver spenderet. Dog er der ingen mulighed for hele verden at gætte din private nøgle for at stjæle dine hårdttjente bitcoin."
|
||||
wallet: "Tegnebog (wallet)"
|
||||
wallettxt: "En Bitcoin-tegnebog er løseligt <b>det samme som en fysisk tegnebog i Bitcoin-netværket</b>. Tegnebogen indeholder automatisk din(e) <a href=\"#[vocabulary.privatekey]\">private nøgle(r)</a>, som tillader dig at bruge de bitcoin, der er associeret med tegnebogen i <a href=\"#[vocabulary.blockchain]\">blokkæden</a>. Hver Bitcoin-tegnebog kan vise dig den totale saldo af alle bitcoin, den har kontrol over, og lader dig betale et specificeret beløb til en specificeret person, lige som en rigtig tegnebog. Dette er til forskel fra kreditkort, hvor beløb opkræves af den handelsdrivende."
|
||||
you-need-to-know:
|
||||
title: "Hvad du bør vide – Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Hvad du bør vide"
|
||||
summary: "Hvis du vil i gang med at udforske Bitcoin, er der nogle få ting, du bør vide. Bitcoin lader dig udveksle penge på en anden måde, end typiske banker gør. Dermed bør du tage dig tid til at informere dig selv, før du bruger Bitcoin til nogen form for seriøs transaktion. Bitcoin bør behandles med den samme omhu som din normale tegnebog, eller endda endnu mere i nogle tilfælde!"
|
||||
secure: "Beskyt din tegnebog"
|
||||
securetxt: "Ligesom i virkeligheden skal din tegnebog sikres. Bitcoin gør det muligt at overføre værdier til ethvert sted på en meget nem måde, og det tillader dig at have kontrol over dine penge. Sådanne fantastiske funktionaliteter kommer også med afgørende sikkerhedsovervejelser. Hvis det bruges korrekt, kan Bitcoin sikre et meget højt niveau af sikkerhed. Husk altid, at det er dit ansvar at benytte dig af gode arbejdsmetoder for at sikre dine penge. <a href=\"#secure-your-wallet#\"><b>Læs mere om at sikre din tegnebog</b></a>."
|
||||
volatile: "Prisen på Bitcoin er flygtig"
|
||||
volatiletxt: "Prisen på bitcoin kan uforudsigeligt horhøjes eller forringes over en kort tidsperiode på grund af den unge økonomi, nye oprindelse, og i nogle tilfælde illikvide markeder. Dermed anbefales det ikke at opbevare dine opsparinger som Bitcoin i øjeblikket. Bitcoin bør anses som et aktiv med høj risiko, og du bør aldrig opbevare penge som Bitcoin, som du ikke har råd til at miste. Hvis du modtager betalinger med Bitcoin, kan mange tjenesteudbydere konvertere dem til din lokale valuta."
|
||||
irreversible: "Bitcoin-betalinger er uigenkaldelige"
|
||||
irreversibletxt: "Enhver transaktion foretaget med Bitcoin kan ikke trækkes tilbage; pengene kan kun sendes tilbage af den person, der har modtaget dem. Det betyder, at du bør være forsigtig og gøre forretninger med personer og organisationer, som du kender og stoler på, eller som har et etableret omdømme. Forretninger er nødt til at holde styr på de betalingsforespørgsler, de viser til deres kunder. Bitcoin kan opfange slåfejl og lader dig normalt ikke sende penge til ugyldige adresser ved en fejl. Yderligere tjenester, der giver mere valgfrihed og beskyttelse for kunden, vil formentlig eksistere i fremtiden."
|
||||
anonymous: "Bitcoin er ikke anonymt"
|
||||
anonymoustxt: "Det kræver en indsats at beskytte dit privatliv med Bitcoin. Alle Bitcoin-transaktioner gemmes offentligt og permanent i netværket, hvilket betyder, at enhver kan se saldoen og transaktionerne for enhver Bitcoin-adresse. Dog forbliver identiteren af brugeren bag en adresse ukendt, indtil information afsløres under et køb eller under andre omstændigheder. Dette er én grund til, at Bitcoin-adresser kun bør bruges én gang. Husk altid, at det er dit ansvar at benytte dig af god praksis for at beskytte dit privatliv. <a href=\"#protect-your-privacy#\"><b>Læs mere om beskyttelse af dit privatliv</b></a>."
|
||||
instant: "Øjeblikkelige transaktioner er mindre sikre"
|
||||
instanttxt: "En Bitcoin-transaktion gennemføres typisk inden for få sekunder og begynder at modtage bekræftelser i de følgende 10 minutter. I det tidsrum kan en transaktion opfattes som autentisk men kan stadig afvises. Uærlige brugere ville kunne prøve at snyde. Hvis du ikke kan vente på en bekræftelse, kan sikkerheden øges ved at opkræve et lille transaktionsgebyr eller ved at bruge et system for opdagelse af usikre transaktioner. For større beløb, som fx 10.000 kr., giver det mening at vente på 6 bekræftelser eller mere. Hver bekræftelse forringer <i>eksponentielt</i> risikoen for en afvist transaktion."
|
||||
experimental: "Bitcoin er stadig eksperimentelt"
|
||||
experimentaltxt: "Bitcoin er en eksperimentel ny valuta, som er aktivt under udvikling. Selv om det bliver mindre eksperimentelt efterhånden som brugen stiger, bør du holde dig for øje, at Bitcoin er en ny opfindelse, som udforsker idéer, der aldrig var været prøvet før. Som sådan kan dens fremtid ikke forudsiges an nogen."
|
||||
tax: "Staters beskatninger og reguleringer"
|
||||
taxtxt: "Bitcoin er ikke en officiel valuta. Når der er sagt, kræver de fleste myndigheder, at du betaler indkomstskat, moms, arbejdsgiverskat og kapitalindkomstskat af alt, hvad der har værdi, inklusive bitcoin. Det er dit ansvar at sikre dig, at du retter dig efter <a href=\"http://bitlegal.io/\">skatter og andre lovformelige eller regulative mandater</a>, der er udstedt af din regering og/eller kommune."
|
||||
layout:
|
||||
menu-about-us: "Om bitcoin.org"
|
||||
menu-bitcoin-for-businesses: Virksomheder
|
||||
menu-bitcoin-for-developers: Udviklere
|
||||
menu-bitcoin-for-individuals: Enkeltpersoner
|
||||
menu-community: Fællesskab
|
||||
menu-development: Udvikling
|
||||
menu-events: Begivenheder
|
||||
menu-faq: FAQ
|
||||
menu-getting-started: "Kom i gang"
|
||||
menu-how-it-works: "Hvordan det fungerer"
|
||||
menu-innovation: Innovation
|
||||
menu-intro: Introduktion
|
||||
menu-legal: "Juridisk"
|
||||
menu-resources: Ressourcer
|
||||
menu-support-bitcoin: Deltag
|
||||
menu-vocabulary: Ordliste
|
||||
menu-you-need-to-know: "Du bør vide"
|
||||
footer: "Udgivet under <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\" target=\"_blank\">MIT-licensen</a>"
|
||||
sponsor: "En fællesskabswebside sponsoreret af"
|
||||
getstarted: "Kom i gang med Bitcoin"
|
||||
url:
|
||||
about-us: om-os
|
||||
bitcoin-for-developers: bitcoin-for-udviklere
|
||||
bitcoin-for-individuals: bitcoin-for-enkeltpersoner
|
||||
bitcoin-for-businesses: bitcoin-for-virksomheder
|
||||
choose-your-wallet: vaelg-din-tegnebog
|
||||
community: faellesskab
|
||||
development: udvikling
|
||||
download: hent
|
||||
events: begivenheder
|
||||
faq: faq
|
||||
getting-started: kom-i-gang
|
||||
how-it-works: hvordan-det-fungerer
|
||||
innovation: innovation
|
||||
legal: juridisk
|
||||
protect-your-privacy: beskyt-dit-privatliv
|
||||
resources: ressourcer
|
||||
secure-your-wallet: sikr-din-tegnebog
|
||||
support-bitcoin: stoet-bitcoin
|
||||
vocabulary: ordliste
|
||||
you-need-to-know: du-boer-vide
|
||||
anchor:
|
||||
community:
|
||||
non-profit: non-profit
|
||||
vocabulary:
|
||||
address: adresse
|
||||
bitcoin: bitcoin
|
||||
blockchain: blokkaede
|
||||
block: blok
|
||||
btc: btc
|
||||
confirmation: bekraeftelse
|
||||
cryptography: kryptografi
|
||||
doublespend: dobbeltspendering
|
||||
hashrate: hashrate
|
||||
mining: mining
|
||||
p2p: p2p
|
||||
privatekey: privat-noegle
|
||||
signature: signatur
|
||||
wallet: tegnebog
|
||||
faq:
|
||||
general: generelt
|
||||
whatisbitcoin: hvad-er-bitcoin
|
||||
creator: hvem-skabte-bitcoin
|
||||
whocontrols: hvem-styrer-bitcoin-netvaerket
|
||||
howitworks: hvordan-fungerer-bitcoin
|
||||
acquire: hvordan-skaffer-man-bitcoin
|
||||
used: "bruges-bitcoin-virkelig-af-folk"
|
||||
makepayment: hvor-svaert-er-det-at-lave-en-bitcoin-betaling
|
||||
advantages: hvad-er-fordelene-ved-bitcoin
|
||||
disadvantages: hvad-er-ulemperne-ved-bitcoin
|
||||
trust: hvorfor-stoler-folk-paa-bitcoin
|
||||
makemoney: kan-jeg-tjene-penge-med-bitcoin
|
||||
virtual: er-bitcoin-fuldt-ud-virtuelt-og-immaterielt
|
||||
anonymous: er-bitcoin-anonymt
|
||||
lost: hvad-sker-der-naar-bitcoin-mistes
|
||||
scale: kan-bitcoin-skaleres-til-at-blive-et-stort-betalingsnetvaerk
|
||||
legal: juridisk
|
||||
islegal: er-bitcoin-lovligt
|
||||
illegalactivities: er-bitcoin-brugbart-til-ulovlige-formaal
|
||||
regulated: kan-bitcoin-reguleres
|
||||
taxes: hvad-med-bitcoin-og-skat
|
||||
consumer: hvad-med-bitcoin-og-forbrugerbeskyttelse
|
||||
economy: oekonomi
|
||||
bitcoinscreated: hvordan-skabes-bitcoin
|
||||
whyvalue: hvorfor-har-bitcoin-vaerdi
|
||||
whatprice: hvad-afgoer-bitcoins-pris
|
||||
worthless: kan-bitcoin-blive-vaerdiloese
|
||||
bubble: er-bitcoin-en-boble
|
||||
ponzi: er-bitcoin-et-pyramidespil
|
||||
earlyadopter: giver-bitcoin-ikke-tidlige-brugere-unfair-fordele
|
||||
finitelimitation: vil-den-endelige-maengde-bitcoin-ikke-blive-en-begraensning
|
||||
deflationaryspiral: vil-bitcoin-ikke-ende-i-en-deflationsspiral
|
||||
speculationvolatility: er-spekulation-og-flygtighed-ikke-et-problem-for-bitcoin
|
||||
buyall: hvad-nu-hvis-en-person-koebte-alle-eksisterende-bitcoin
|
||||
bettercurrency: hvad-nu-hvis-nogen-skaber-en-bedre-digital-valuta
|
||||
transactions: transaktioner
|
||||
tenminutes: hvorfor-skal-jeg-vente-10-minutter
|
||||
fee: hvor-stort-vil-transaktionsgebyret-vaere
|
||||
poweredoff: hvad-nu-hvis-jeg-modtager-bitcoin-mens-min-computer-er-slukket
|
||||
sync: hvad-betyder-synkronisering-og-hvorfor-tager-det-saa-laenge
|
||||
mining: mining
|
||||
whatismining: hvad-er-bitcoin-mining
|
||||
howminingworks: hvordan-fungerer-bitcoin-mining
|
||||
miningwaste: er-bitcoin-mining-ikke-energispild
|
||||
miningsecure: hvordan-hjaelper-mining-med-at-sikre-bitcoin
|
||||
miningstart: hvad-behoever-jeg-for-at-begynde-at-mine
|
||||
security: sikkerhed
|
||||
secure: er-bitcoin-sikkert
|
||||
hacked: er-bitcoin-ikke-blevet-hacket-i-fortiden
|
||||
collude: kan-brugere-konspirere-mod-bitcoin
|
||||
quantum: er-bitcoin-saarbar-overfor-kvantecomputere
|
||||
help: hjaelp
|
||||
morehelp: mere-hjaelp
|
|
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ de:
|
|||
visibility: "Vergrößern sie kostenlos ihren Bekanntheitsgrad"
|
||||
visibilitytext: "Bitcoin ist ein Wachstumsmarkt voller neuer Kunden, die nach Möglichkeiten suchen, ihre Bitcoins auszugeben. Bitcoin als Zahlungsmittel zu akzeptieren ist ein einfacher Weg neue Kunden zu gewinnen und ihr Geschäft bekannter zu machen. Eine neue Zahlungsmethode zu akzeptieren hat sich schon häufig als eine gute Entscheidung für Online-Unternehmen herausgestellt."
|
||||
multisig: "Multi-Signatur"
|
||||
multisigtext: "Bitcoin hat auch eine (eher unbekannte) Funktion, die das Ausgeben von Coins nur erlaubt, wenn ein Teil einer Gruppe von Personen die Transaktion signiert (sogenannte \"n von m\" Transaktionen). Dies ist vergleichbar mit dem guten alten Multi-Signatur-Scheck-System, das Sie eventuell heute noch bei Ihrer Bank nutzen."
|
||||
multisigtext: "Bitcoin hat auch eine (eher unbekannte) Funktion, die das Ausgeben von Coins nur erlaubt, wenn ein Teil einer Gruppe von Personen die Transaktion signiert (sogenannte \"m von n\" Transaktionen). Dies ist vergleichbar mit dem guten alten Multi-Signatur-Scheck-System, das Sie eventuell heute noch bei Ihrer Bank nutzen."
|
||||
transparency: "Transparente Kontoführung"
|
||||
transparencytext: "Viele Unternehmen müssen Buchungsunterlagen zu Ihren Konto-Aktivitäten führen. Bitcoin bietet das höchste Maß an Transparenz, denn Sie können Informationen zur Verfügung stellen, mit denen Ihre Nutzer Kontostände und Transaktionen überprüfen können. Gemeinnützige Gesellschaften können auch der Öffentlichkeit gestatten, einzusehen wieviel sie an Spenden erhalten haben."
|
||||
bitcoin-for-developers:
|
||||
|
@ -51,8 +51,6 @@ de:
|
|||
securitytext: "Die Sicherheit wird zum großen Teil durch das Protokoll sichergestellt. Dies macht PCI-Konformität überflüssig und Betrugserkennung ist nur dann notwendig, wenn Dienstleistungen oder Produkte ohne Verzögerung ausgeliefert werden sollen. Das Aufbewahren Ihrer Bitcoins in einer <a href=\"#secure-your-wallet#\">sicheren Umgebung<a> und das Absichern der Zahlungsaufforderungen, die dem Benutzer angezeigt werden, sollten Ihre Hauptanliegen sein."
|
||||
micro: "Günstige Micro-Payments"
|
||||
microtext: "Bitcoin bietet die geringsten Zahlungsabwicklungsgebühren und kann in der Regel zum Senden von Micro-Payments in der Größenordnung von wenigen Euros verwendet werden.\nBitcoin ermöglicht es neue attraktive Online-Dienste zu gestalten, die vorher aufgrund vom finanziellen Einschränkungen nicht möglich waren. Dies beinhaltet verschiedene Arten von Trinkgeldsystemen und automatisierten Zahlungsverkehr."
|
||||
serviceslist: "Besuchen sie die <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/How_to_accept_Bitcoin,_for_small_businesses#Merchant_Services\">Händler-Services Liste</a> im Wiki."
|
||||
apireference: "Oder lesen Sie Bitcoinds <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/API_reference_(JSON-RPC)\">API Referenzen</a> und <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Original_Bitcoin_client/API_Calls_list\">API-Aufruf Liste</a>."
|
||||
bitcoin-for-individuals:
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin für Einzelpersonen - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Bitcoin für Einzelpersonen"
|
||||
|
@ -78,7 +76,7 @@ de:
|
|||
reddit: "Reddits Bitcoin Community"
|
||||
stackexchange: "Bitcoin StackExchange (Frage/Antwort, englisch)"
|
||||
irc: "IRC Chat"
|
||||
ircjoin: "IRC Channels auf <a href=\"http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=bitcoin&uio=d4\">freenode</a>."
|
||||
ircjoin: "IRC Channels auf <a href=\"https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=bitcoin&uio=d4\">freenode</a>."
|
||||
chanbitcoin: "(Allgemein bzgl. Bitcoin, englisch)"
|
||||
chandev: "(Entwicklung und Technik, englisch)"
|
||||
chanotc: "(Austausch an der Ladentheke, englisch)"
|
||||
|
@ -102,8 +100,8 @@ de:
|
|||
getstarted: "Schnell und einfach loslegen"
|
||||
getstarteddesk: "<a href=\"https://multibit.org/\"><b>MultiBit</b></a> ist ein Programm, dass Sie für Windows, Mac und Linux herunterladen können."
|
||||
getstartedmobi: "<a href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.schildbach.wallet\"><b>Bitcoin Wallet</b></a> für Android läuft auf Ihrem Telefon oder Tablet."
|
||||
bethenetwork: "Seien Sie Teil des Bitcoin-Netzwerks"
|
||||
bethenetworktxt: "Haben Sie einen Rechner, der ständig angeschaltet bleibt und mit dem Internet verbunden ist? Sie können der Community ganz einfach helfen, indem Sie den <a href=\"download\"><b>kompletten Bitcoin-Client</b></a> darauf verwenden. Der Original-Client ist ressourcenintensiver und wird einen kompletten Tag zur Synchronisation benötigen. Danach wird Ihr Computer zum Netzwerk beitragen, indem er Transaktionen prüft und weiterleitet."
|
||||
bethenetwork: "Wieso Teil des Bitcoin-Netzwerks sein"
|
||||
bethenetworktxt: "Sie können zwischen verschiedenen Arten von Light-Versionen einer Wallet oder einem <a href=\"#download#\"><b>Full Bitcoin-Client</b></a> wählen. Letzterer benötigt mehr Speicherplatz und auch mehr Bandbreite, sodass die Synchronisation einen Tag und länger dauern kann. Aber es gibt Vorteile wie erhöhte Privatsphäre und Sicherheit durch das Nichtvertrauen gegenüber anderen Netzwerkknoten. Full Nodes zu betreiben ist aufgrund der Prüfung und Weiterleitung der Transaktionen essentiell zum Schutz des Netzwerks."
|
||||
walletdesk: "Desktop Wallets"
|
||||
walletdesktxt: "Desktop Wallets werden auf Ihrem Computer installiert. Sie geben Ihnen die komplette Kontrolle über Ihre Wallet. Sie sind dafür verantwortlich, Backups anzulegen und Ihr Geld zu schützen."
|
||||
walletmobi: "Mobile Wallets"
|
||||
|
@ -113,6 +111,7 @@ de:
|
|||
walletbitcoinqt: "Bitcoin Core ist ein kompletter Bitcoin-Client und bildet das Rückgrat des Netzwerks. Er bietet ein Höchstmaß an Sicherheit, Privatsphäre und Stabilität. Er hat allerdings weniger Funktionen und benötigt viel Festplatten- und Arbeitsspeicher."
|
||||
walletmultibit: "MultiBit ist ein leichtgewichtiger Client mit Schwerpunkt auf Geschwindigkeit und einfacher Nutzbarkeit. Er synchronisiert sich mit dem Netzwerk und ist in wenigen Minuten einsatzbereit. MultiBit unterstützt verschiedene Sprachen. Er ist eine gute Wahl für nicht-technische Nutzer."
|
||||
wallethive: "Hive ist eine schnelle, integrierte und nutzerfreundliche Bitcoin Wallet für Mac OS X. Mit dem Focus auf Benutzerfreundlichkeit, ist Hive in viele Sprachen übersetzt und bietet Apps, die es einfach machen, mit Ihren favorisierten Bitcoin-Service oder Händler zu interagieren."
|
||||
wallethive-android: "Hive ist eine Standalone-Wallet für Android, die keine externen Server oder Benutzerkonten benötigt. Der Focus liegt auf Benutzerfreundlichkeit; dennoch wird ein Umfang an erweiterten Funktion, so wie Touch-to-Pay via NFC oder sichere Zahlungen über Bluetooth geboten. Hive Android ist durch Plugins erweiterbar"
|
||||
walletarmory: "Armory ist ein erweiterter Bitcoin-Client, der Funktionalitäten für Bitcoin-Power-User ergänzt. Er bietet viele Backup- und Verschlüsselungsfunktionen und ermöglicht sicheres Speichern auf Offline-Rechnern."
|
||||
walletelectrum: "Electrum ist auf Geschwindigkeit und Einfachheit fokussiert und benötigt wenig Ressourcen. Es verwendet entfernte Server um die kompliziertesten Teile des Bitcoin-Systems zu übernehmen und ermöglicht es, mit einer geheimen Phrase wieder Zugriff auf eine Wallet zu bekommen."
|
||||
walletbitcoinwallet: "Bitcoin Wallet ist einfach zu verwenden und zuverlässig, gleichzeitig aber sicher und schnell. Der Fokus ist auf Dezentralisierung und Zero Trust gerichtet: Kein zentraler Dienst wird für Bitcoin-bezogene Aktionen benötigt. Die App ist eine gute Wahl für technisch nicht versierte Menschen. Auch verfügbar für BlackBerry OS."
|
||||
|
@ -133,14 +132,11 @@ de:
|
|||
title: "Entwicklung - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Bitcoin Entwicklung"
|
||||
summary: "Finden Sie mehr Information über die gegenwärtige Spezifikation, Software und Entwickler."
|
||||
spec: "Spezifikation"
|
||||
spectxt: "Wenn Sie an weiteren technischen Details über Bitcoin interessiert sind, sind diese Dokumente ein guter Startpunkt."
|
||||
speclink1: "<a href=\"/bitcoin.pdf\">Bitcoin: Ein elektronisches Bezahlsystem auf Peer-to-Peer-Basis</a>"
|
||||
speclink2: "<a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Protocol_rules\">Protokoll-Regeln</a>"
|
||||
speclink3: "<a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Category:Technical\">Bitcoin Wiki</a>"
|
||||
spec: "Dokumentation"
|
||||
spectxt: "Falls Sie daran interessiert sind mehr über die technischen Details von Bitcoin zu erfahren und wie man existierende Tools und APIs verwendet, dann wird empfohlen bei der <a href=\"/en/developer-documentation\">Dokumentation für Entwickler</a> zu beginnen."
|
||||
coredev: "Haupt-Entwickler"
|
||||
disclosure: "Verantwortungsbewusste Aufdeckung"
|
||||
disclosuretxt: "Falls sie eine Schwachstelle im Zusammenhang mit Bitcoin finden; können nicht-kritische Schwachstellen an einen der Hauptentwickler gemailt(in Englisch) oder an die private <a href=\"mailto:bitcoin-security@lists.sourceforge.net\">bitcoin-security@lists.sourceforge.net</a> Mailingliste gesendet werden. Ein Beispiel für eine nicht-kritische Schwachstelle wäre eine nur mit extremen Kosten durchführbare Denial of Service-Attacke. Kritische Schwachstellen, die zu sensibel für eine unverschlüsselte Email sind, sollten an einen oder mehrere Hauptentwickler gesendet werden, verschlüsselt mit den jeweiligen PGP Schlüssel(n)."
|
||||
disclosuretxt: "Falls sie eine Schwachstelle im Zusammenhang mit Bitcoin finden; können nichtkritische Schwachstellen in Englisch an einen der Hauptentwickler gemailt oder an die oben erwähnte private Mailingliste gesendet werden. Ein Beispiel für eine nichtkritische Schwachstelle wäre ein nur mit extremen Kosten durchführbare Denial-of-Service-Angriff. Kritische Schwachstellen, die zu heikel für eine unverschlüsselte Email sind, sollten mit deren jeweiligen PGP Schlüssel(n) verschlüsselt an einen oder mehrere Hauptentwickler gesendet werden."
|
||||
involve: "Mitmachen"
|
||||
involvetxt1: "Die Bitcoin-Entwicklung ist quelloffen und jeder Entwickler kann zu dem Projekt beitragen. Alles was Sie benötigen finden Sie im <a href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin\">GitHub Repository</a>. Bitte lesen und befolgen Sie den in der README beschriebenen Entwicklungsprozess, liefern Sie Codes von guter Qualität und respektieren Sie alle Richtlinien."
|
||||
involvetxt2: "Die Entwickler-Diskussion findet über GitHub und die <a href=\"http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/forum.php?forum_name=bitcoin-development\">bitcoin-development</a> Mailing List bei sourceforge statt. Weniger formale Entwickler-Diskussion gibt es unter irc.freenode.net #bitcoin-dev (<a href=\"#\" onclick=\"freenodeShow(event);\">Weboberfläche</a>, <a href=\"http://bitcoinstats.com\">Logs</a>)."
|
||||
|
@ -157,8 +153,8 @@ de:
|
|||
downloadsig: "Release-Signatur überprüfen"
|
||||
sourcecode: "Holen Sie sich den Quelltext"
|
||||
versionhistory: "Versionshistorie anzeigen"
|
||||
notelicense: "Bitcoin Core is ein gemeinschaftliches, <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/about/what-is-free-software\">quelloffenes</a> Projekt und wurde unter der <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\">MIT Lizenz</a> veröffentlicht."
|
||||
notesync: "Die anfängliche Synchronisierung von Bitcoin Core kann sehr lange dauern. Sie sollten sicherstellen, dass Sie ausreichend Bandbreite und Speicher für die volle <a href=\"http://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">Größe der Blockkette</a> zur Verfügung haben. Falls Sie wissen wie man eine Torrent-Datei herunterlädt, dann können Sie den Prozess beschleunigen, indem Sie <a href=\"/bin/blockchain/bootstrap.dat.torrent\">bootstrap.dat</a>(eine frühere Kopie der Bockkette) in das Bitcoin Core Verzeichniss speichern, bevor Sie die Software starten."
|
||||
notelicense: "Bitcoin Core is ein gemeinschaftliches, <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/about/what-is-free-software\">quelloffenes</a> Projekt und wurde unter der <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\">MIT Lizenz</a> veröffentlicht."
|
||||
notesync: "Die anfängliche Synchronisierung von Bitcoin Core kann sehr lange dauern. Sie sollten sicherstellen, dass Sie ausreichend Bandbreite und Speicher für die volle <a href=\"https://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">Größe der Blockkette</a> zur Verfügung haben. Falls Sie wissen wie man eine Torrent-Datei herunterlädt, dann können Sie den Prozess beschleunigen, indem Sie <a href=\"/bin/blockchain/bootstrap.dat.torrent\">bootstrap.dat</a>(eine frühere Kopie der Bockkette) in das Bitcoin Core Verzeichniss speichern, bevor Sie die Software starten."
|
||||
patient: "Sie müssen geduldig sein"
|
||||
events:
|
||||
title: "Konferenzen und Events - Bitcoin"
|
||||
|
@ -185,7 +181,7 @@ de:
|
|||
howitworkstxt1: "Aus der Nutzerperspektive betrachtet ist Bitcoin nicht viel mehr als eine App oder ein Computerprogramm, das einen persönlichen Bitcoin-Wallet zur Verfügung stellt und es Nutzern ermöglicht Bitcoins zu senden und zu empfangen.\nSo funktioniert Bitcoin für die meisten Anwender."
|
||||
howitworkstxt2: "Hinter den Kulissen des Bitcoinnetzwerks gibt es ein öffentliches Buchungssystem, die so genannte \"Blockchain\". In diesem Buchungssystem wird jede Transaktion, die je über das Bitcoinnetzwerk gebucht wurde, gespeichert. Das ermöglicht dem Computer jedes Nutzers die Gültigkeit jeder Transaktion zu überprüfen. Die Echtheit jeder Transaktion ist durch eine digitale Signatur und der dazugehörigen Adresse des Senders gesichert; dies ermöglicht jedem Nutzer die volle Kontrolle über Zahlungen von seiner Adresse aus. Zusätzlich kann jeder selbst durch spezielle Hardware Transaktionen verarbeiten und dafür eine Vergütung in Form von Bitcoins erhalten. Dieser Prozess wird \"Mining\" genannt. Um mehr über Bitcoin zu erfahren können sie die <a href=\"#how-it-works#\">dazugehörige Webseite</a> und die <a href=\"/bitcoin.pdf\">ursprüngliche Veröffentlichung(PDF)</a> dazu lesen."
|
||||
used: "Wird Bitcoin tatsächlich von Personen verwendet?"
|
||||
usedtxt1: "Ja. Es existiert eine <a href=\"http://usebitcoins.info/\"> wachsende Zahl von Geschäften </a> und Personen, die Bitcoin benutzen. Dies beinhaltet grundlegende Geschäfte wie Restaurants, Appartments, Rechtsanwaltskanzleien und populäre Dienste wie Namecheap, Wordpress, Reddit und Flattr. Obwohl Bitcoin eine relative neue Erscheinung ist, wächst es schnell. Ende August 2013 überschritt der <a href=\"http://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\"> Wert aller im Umlauf befindlichen Bitcoins</a> 1.5 Milliarden US-Dollar mit einem Umsatz von täglich vielen Millionen Dollar."
|
||||
usedtxt1: "Ja. Es existiert eine <a href=\"http://usebitcoins.info/\"> wachsende Zahl von Geschäften </a> und Personen, die Bitcoin benutzen. Dies beinhaltet grundlegende Geschäfte wie Restaurants, Appartments, Rechtsanwaltskanzleien und populäre Dienste wie Namecheap, Wordpress, Reddit und Flattr. Obwohl Bitcoin eine relative neue Erscheinung ist, wächst es schnell. Ende August 2013 überschritt der <a href=\"https://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\"> Wert aller im Umlauf befindlichen Bitcoins</a> 1.5 Milliarden US-Dollar mit einem Umsatz von täglich vielen Millionen Dollar."
|
||||
acquire: "Wie erhält man Bitcoins?"
|
||||
acquireli1: "Als Zahlung für Waren oder Dienste."
|
||||
acquireli2: "Kauf von Bitcoins bei einer <a href=\"http://howtobuybitcoins.info\">Bitcoin Wechselstube</a>."
|
||||
|
@ -199,10 +195,10 @@ de:
|
|||
advantagesli2: "<em><b>Sehr niedrige Gebühren</b></em> - Bitcoin-Zahlungen werden gegenwärtig mit keiner oder einer sehr geringen Gebühr verarbeitet. Nutzer können Gebühren zu Transaktionen hinzufügen, was zu einer schnellerer Bestätigung durch das Netzwerk führt. Zusätzlich existieren Verkaufsabwickler die den Verkäufern bei der Durchführung von Transaktionen, dem Transferieren von Bitcoins in Fiatgeld und dem täglichen Überweisen von Geldern auf das Bankkonto den Händlers assistieren. Da diese Dienste auf Bitcoin basieren, können sie für viel geringere Gebühren angeboten werden als durch PayPal oder Kreditkartennetzwerke."
|
||||
advantagesli3: "<em><b>Weniger Risiken für Händler</b></em> - Bitcoin-Transaktionen sind sicher, unumkehrbar und beinhalten weder empfindliche noch persönliche Daten des Käufers. Das schützt Händler vor Verlusten durch Betrug oder betrügerische Rückbuchungen, und es gibt keine Notwendigkeit für PCI-Übereinstimmung. Händler können leicht auf neue Märkte expandieren, wo entweder Kreditkarten nicht verfügbar oder Betrugsraten unakzeptabel hoch sind. Das Endergebnis sind niedrigere Gebühren, größere Märkte und niedrigere Verwaltungskosten."
|
||||
advantagesli4: "<em><b>Sicherheit und Kontrolle</b></em> - Bitcoin-Nutzer haben volle Kontrolle über ihre Transaktionen; Es ist unmöglich für Händler, ungewollte oder unbemerkte Gebühren zu erzwingen, so wie es bei anderen Zahlungsmethoden vorkommen kann. Bitcoin-Zahlungen können durchgeführt werden, ohne das private Informationen an die Transaktion gebunden sind. Dies bietet einen starken Schutz vor Identitätsdiebstahl. Ebenso können Bitcoin-Nutzer ihr Geld auch durch Backups und Verschlüsselung schützen."
|
||||
advantagesli5: "<em><b>Transparenz und Neutralität</b></em> - <a href=\"http://blockexplorer.com/\">Jede Information</a>, die die Bitcoin-Geldmenge betrifft, ist leicht in Echtzeit innerhalb der Blockkette für jeden verfügbar, um sie zu verifizieren oder zu benutzen. Keine Einzelperson oder Organisation kann das Bitcoin-Protokoll kontrollieren oder manipulieren, da es sicher verschlüsselt ist. Dies erlaubt es, dem Kern von Bitcoin zu vertrauen, dass er vollständig neutral, transparent und vorhersehbar zu sein."
|
||||
advantagesli5: "<em><b>Transparenz und Neutralität</b></em> - <a href=\"https://www.biteasy.com/\">Jede Information</a>, die die Bitcoin-Geldmenge betrifft, ist leicht in Echtzeit innerhalb der Blockkette für jeden verfügbar, um sie zu verifizieren oder zu benutzen. Keine Einzelperson oder Organisation kann das Bitcoin-Protokoll kontrollieren oder manipulieren, da es sicher verschlüsselt ist. Dies erlaubt es, dem Kern von Bitcoin zu vertrauen, dass er vollständig neutral, transparent und vorhersehbar zu sein."
|
||||
disadvantages: "Was sind die Nachteile von Bitcoin?"
|
||||
disadvantagesli1: "<em><b>Grad der Akzeptanz</b></em> - Vielen Menschen ist Bitcoin noch immer unbekannt. Jeden Tag akzeptieren mehr Unternehmen Bitcoins, da sie die Vorteile nutzen möchten, aber die Liste verbleibt klein und muss immer noch wachsen um vom <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netzwerkeffekt\">Netzwerkeffekt</a> zu profitieren."
|
||||
disadvantagesli2: "<em><b>Volatilität</b></em> - Die <a href=\"http://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\">Marktkapitalisierung</a> von Bitcoins im Umlauf und die Anzahl an Geschäften die Bitcoin verwenden ist immernoch sehr gering im Vergleich zu dem was einmal möglich sein könnte. Folglich können bereits kleine Ereignisse, Trades oder Geschäftsaktivitäten einen großen Einfluss auf den Preis haben. In der Theorie nimmt diese Volatilität ab, wenn die Technologie ausgereifeter wird. Noch nie zuvor hat die Welt eine Start-Up Währung gesehen; deshalb ist es wirklich schwierig (und aufregend) sich vorzustellen, wie sich das ganze weiterentwickelt."
|
||||
disadvantagesli2: "<em><b>Volatilität</b></em> - Die <a href=\"https://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\">Marktkapitalisierung</a> von Bitcoins im Umlauf und die Anzahl an Geschäften die Bitcoin verwenden ist immernoch sehr gering im Vergleich zu dem was einmal möglich sein könnte. Folglich können bereits kleine Ereignisse, Trades oder Geschäftsaktivitäten einen großen Einfluss auf den Preis haben. In der Theorie nimmt diese Volatilität ab, wenn die Technologie ausgereifeter wird. Noch nie zuvor hat die Welt eine Start-Up Währung gesehen; deshalb ist es wirklich schwierig (und aufregend) sich vorzustellen, wie sich das ganze weiterentwickelt."
|
||||
disadvantagesli3: "<em><b>Laufende Entwicklung</b></em> - Die Bitcoin Software ist noch immer in der Betaphase und es gibt viele unfertige Funktionen, die noch in der Entwicklung sind. Um Bitcoin sicherer und einer breiteren Masse zugänglich zu machen werden neue Werkzeuge, Funktionen und Dienste entwickelt. Einige von ihnen sind noch nicht geeignet für alle Nutzer. Viele Bitcoinunternehmen sind neu und bieten noch keine Absicherung an. Im Allgemeinen kann man sagen, dass Bitcoin noch in den Kinderschuhen steckt. "
|
||||
trust: "Warum vertrauen Menschen Bitcoin?"
|
||||
trusttxt1: "Das Vertrauen in Bitcoin entspringt häufig der Tatsache, dass es überhaupt kein Vertrauen braucht. Bitcoin ist vollständig Open-Source und dezentralisiert. Das bedeutet, dass jeder jederzeit Zugang zum gesamten Quellcode hat. Alle Transaktionen und Bitcoins, die erzeugt wurden, können transparent durch jeden in Echtzeit überprüft werden. Alle Zahlungen können ohne das Vertrauen auf Dritte durchgeführt werden und das gesamte System wird durch starke Peer-überwachte kryptographische Algorithmen geschützt, wie sie beim Online-Banking verwendet werden. Keine Organisation oder Person kann Bitcoin kontrollieren und das Netzwerk bleibt sicher, auch wenn nicht alle seiner Nutzer vertrauenswürdig sind."
|
||||
|
@ -220,7 +216,7 @@ de:
|
|||
scaletxt1: "Das Bitcoin Netzwerk kann bereits eine größere Anzahl von Transaktionen pro Sekunde verarbeiten, als es es im Moment der Fall ist. Trotzdem ist es noch nicht so weit, dass es das Niveau großer Kreditkartennetzwerke erreicht. An der Aufhebung aktueller Einschränkungen wird bereits gearbeitet und zukünftige Anforderungen sind bekannt. Seit der Einführung befindet sich alles im Bitcoinnetzwerk in einem ständigen Reife-, Verbesserungs- und Spezialisierungsprozess, und es muss davon ausgegangen werden, dass dieser noch einige Jahre andauert. Mit steigenden Wachstum werden mehr und mehr Nutzer leichtgewichtigere Clients nutzen und größere Netzwerkknoten werden eher zu spezialisierten Diensten. Weitere Informationen finden Sie im Wiki auf der Seite zur <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Scalability\">Skalierbarkeit</a>."
|
||||
legal: "Rechtliches"
|
||||
islegal: "Ist Bitcoin legal?"
|
||||
islegaltxt1: "Unserem besten Wissen nach ist Bitcoin, dem Gesetz nach, in keinem Gerichtsstand illegal. Manche Gerichtsstände (wie Argentinien und Russland) jedoch beschränken oder verbieten Fremdwährungen komplett. Andere Gerichtsstände (wie Thailand) können die Lizensierung bestimmer Unternehmen wie Bitcoinbörsen begrenzen."
|
||||
islegaltxt1: "Unserem besten Wissen nach ist Bitcoin, dem Gesetz nach, <a href=\"http://bitlegal.io/\">in fast keinem Gerichtsstand illegal</a>. Manche Gerichtsstände (wie Argentinien und Russland) jedoch beschränken oder verbieten Fremdwährungen komplett. Andere Gerichtsstände (wie Thailand) können die Lizensierung bestimmter Unternehmen wie Bitcoinbörsen begrenzen."
|
||||
islegaltxt2: "Aufsichtsbehörden verschiedener Länder unternehmen Schritte, um Einzelpersonen und Firmen Regeln zur Verfügung zu stellen, wie diese neue Technologie in das formelle, regulierte Finanzsystem zu integrieren ist. Zum Beispiel hat das Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), eine Abteilung des Finanzministeriums der Vereinigten Staaten, unverbindliche Leitlinien herausgegeben, wie es bestimmte Aktivitäten virtuelle Währungen betreffend charakterisiert."
|
||||
illegalactivities: "Ist Bitcoin nützlich für illegale Aktivitäten?"
|
||||
illegalactivitiestxt1: "Bitcoin ist Geld, und Geld wurde schon immer für legale und illegale Zwecke genutzt. Bargeld, Kreditkarten und das gewöhnliche Bankensystem übertreffen Bitcoin bei weitem, wenn es um den Nutzen, kriminelle Geschäfte zu finanzieren, geht. Bitcoin könnte den Zahlungsverkehr revolutionieren und es wird häufig angenommen, dass die Vorteile solcher Innovationen ihre möglichen Nachteile in den Schatten stellen."
|
||||
|
@ -230,9 +226,9 @@ de:
|
|||
regulatedtxt1: "Das Bitcoin-Protokoll selbst kann nicht modifiziert werden ohne das Zusammenwirken fast all seiner Nutzer, die wählen welche Software sie verwenden. Der Versuch, einer lokalen Authorität spezielle Rechte im globalen Bitcoin-Netzwerk zuzuweisen, wäre nicht praktikabel. Jede wohlhabende Organisation könnte in \"Mining\" Hardware investieren um so die Kontrolle über die Hälfte der Rechenleistung des Netzwerks zu erlangen und in der Lage zu sein neue Transaktionen zu blockieren oder rückgängig zu machen. Jedoch gibt es keine Garantie, dass sie diese Macht behalten könnten, da es nötig wäre ebensoviel wie alle anderen Miner auf der Welt zu investieren."
|
||||
regulatedtxt2: "Es ist jedoch möglich, die Nutzung von Bitcoin in ähnlicher Weise zu regulieren, wie bei jedem anderen Finanzinstrument. Wie der Dollar kann Bitcoin für eine Vielzahl von Zwecken benutzt werden, von denen einige je nach Rechtslage der Länder, entweder als rechtskonform oder nicht rechtskonform angesehen werden können. In dieser Hisicht ist Bitcoin nicht anders als jedes andere Instrument und kann in jedem Land anderen Regelungen unterworfen sein. Die Nutzung von Bitcoin könnte durch restriktive Regelungen auch stark eingeschränkt sein, wodurch es schwer ist vorherzusagen, wie viele Nutzer die Technologie weiter nutzen würden. Eine Regierung, die sich entschließt Bitcoin zu verbieten, würde die Entwicklung von inländischen Unternehmen und Märkten verhindern und die Innovationen in andere Länder verschieben. Die Herausforderung für die Regulatoren ist es, wie immer, effiziente Lösungen zu finden ohne das Wachstum neuer aufstrebender Märkte und Unternehmen zu beeinträchtigen."
|
||||
taxes: "Was ist mit Bitcoin und Steuern?"
|
||||
taxestxt1: "Bitcoin ist in keinem Land ein anerkanntes gesetzliches Zahlungsmittel, aber oft können Steuerschulden unabhängig vom verwendeten Medium auflaufen. Es gibt eine große Bandbreite von Vorschriften in vielen verschiedenen Ländern, die Einkommens-, Umsatz-, Lohn-, Kapitalertrags-, oder eine andere Form der Steuerschuld bei der Nutzung von Bitcoin hervorrufen können."
|
||||
taxestxt1: "Bitcoin ist in keinem Gerichtstand als Fiatgeld, das den Status als anerkanntes gesetzliches Zahlungsmittel hat, anerkannt, aber oft können Steuerschulden unabhängig vom verwendeten Medium auflaufen. Es gibt eine große Bandbreite von Vorschriften in vielen verschiedenen Ländern, die Einkommens-, Umsatz-, Lohn-, Kapitalertrags-, oder eine andere Form der Steuerschuld bei der Nutzung von Bitcoin hervorrufen können."
|
||||
consumer: "Was ist mit Bitcoin und Verbraucherschutz?"
|
||||
consumertxt1: "Bitcoin ermöglicht es Personen, Transaktionen unter ihren eigenen Bedingungen durchzuführen. Jeder Nutzer kann Zahlungen in einer ähnlichen Weise wie bei Bargeld senden und empfangen , aber man kann auch an komplexeren Verträgen teilhaben.\nMehrfache Signaturen ermöglichen es, dass Transaktionen erst dann vom Netzwerk akzeptiert werden, wenn eine bestimmte Anzahl von einer definierten Gruppe von Personen die Transaktion signieren. Dies ermöglicht zukünftig die Entwcklung von innovativen Vermittlungsdiensleistungen. Solche Dienste könnten es Dritten ermöglichen, eine Transaktion zu bestätigen oder abzulehnen im Falle einer Meinungsverschiedenheit zwischen den anderen Parteien, ohne Kontrolle über das Geld zu haben. Im Gegensatz zu Bargeld oder anderen Zahlungsmethoden hinterlässt Bitcoin immer einen öffentlichen Beweis, dass eine Transaktion stattgefunden hat, was unter Umständen in einem Regress gegen Geschäfte mit betrügerischen Praktiken verwendet werden kann.\n "
|
||||
consumertxt1: "Bitcoin ermöglicht es Personen, Transaktionen unter ihren eigenen Bedingungen durchzuführen. Jeder Nutzer kann Zahlungen in einer ähnlichen Weise wie bei Bargeld senden und empfangen, aber man kann auch an komplexeren Verträgen teilhaben.\nMehrfache Signaturen ermöglichen es, dass Transaktionen erst dann vom Netzwerk akzeptiert werden, wenn eine bestimmte Anzahl von einer definierten Gruppe von Personen die Transaktion signieren. Dies ermöglicht zukünftig die Entwicklung von innovativen Vermittlungsdienstleistungen. Solche Dienste könnten es Dritten ermöglichen, eine Transaktion zu bestätigen oder abzulehnen im Falle einer Meinungsverschiedenheit zwischen den anderen Parteien, ohne Kontrolle über das Geld zu haben. Im Gegensatz zu Bargeld oder anderen Zahlungsmethoden hinterlässt Bitcoin immer einen öffentlichen Beweis, dass eine Transaktion stattgefunden hat, was unter Umständen in einem Regress gegen Geschäfte mit betrügerischen Praktiken verwendet werden kann.\n "
|
||||
consumertxt2: "Normalerweise sind Händler von ihrem Ruf in der Öffentlichkeit abhängig, wenn sie ihre Geschäftstätigkeit fortführen und ihre Mitarbeiter bezahlen wollen, gleichzeitig haben Händler keinen Zugriff auf ähnlich umfangreiche Informationen, wenn diese mit Kunden zu tun haben. Die Art und Weise, wie Bitcoin funktioniert, garantiert sowohl Einzelpersonen und als auch Unternehmen den Schutz vor Rückbuchungsbetrug. Der Kunde hat hingegen die Möglichkeit, nach mehr Absicherung zu verlangen, wenn er einem bestimmten Verkäufer nicht vertraut."
|
||||
economy: "Ökonomie"
|
||||
bitcoinscreated: "Wie werden Bitcoins erzeugt?"
|
||||
|
@ -268,14 +264,14 @@ de:
|
|||
bettercurrencytxt1: "Das kann passieren. Vorläufig bleibt Bitcoin die bei weitem populärste dezentralisierte virtuelle Währung, aber es gibt keine Garantie, dass es an dieser Position verbleibt. Es gibt mittlerweile einige andere alternative Währungen, die von Bitcoin inspiriert sind. Es ist jedoch sicher richtig, anzunehmen, dass signifikante Verbesserungen für eine neue Währung nötig wären, um Bitcoin in Bezug auf einen etablierten Markt zu überholen, obwohl dies unvorhersehbar ist. Auch könnte Bitcoin möglicherweise Verbesserungen einer konkurrierenden Währung übernehmen, solange dies keine grundlegenden Teile des Protokolls verändert. "
|
||||
transactions: "Transaktionen"
|
||||
tenminutes: "Wieso muss ich 10 Minuten warten?"
|
||||
tenminutestxt1: "Mit Bitcoin erhält man eine Zahlung nahezu unverzüglich. Es gibt jedoch eine im Durchschnitt 10-minütige Verzögerung bevor das Netzwerk ihre Transaktion bestätigt, indem sie sie in einen Block einschließt und bevor Sie die erhaltenen Bitcoins ausgeben können. Eine Bestätigung bedeutet, dass es im Netzwerk eine Übereinkunft darüber gibt, dass die Bitcoins, die Sie erhalten haben nicht an jemand anderem gesendet wurden und als ihr Eigentum angesehen werden können. Sobald ihre Transaktion in einem Block eingeschlossen wurde, wird diese fortlaufend von jedem neuen darauf folgenden Block begraben, was die Übereinkunft exponentiell verstärkt und das Risiko verkleinert, dass eine Transaktion rückgängig gemacht werden kann. Jeder Nutzer kann frei bestimmern an welchem Punkt er eine Transaktion als bestätigt betrachtet, aber 6 Bestätigungen werden oft als so sicher angesehen wie das 6-monatige Warten auf eine Kreditkarten-Transaktion"
|
||||
tenminutestxt1: "Mit Bitcoin erhält man eine Zahlung nahezu unverzüglich. Es gibt jedoch eine im Durchschnitt 10-minütige Verzögerung bevor das Netzwerk ihre Transaktion bestätigt, indem sie sie in einen Block einschließt und bevor Sie die erhaltenen Bitcoins ausgeben können. Eine Bestätigung bedeutet, dass es im Netzwerk eine Übereinkunft darüber gibt, dass die Bitcoins, die Sie erhalten haben nicht an jemand anderem gesendet wurden und als ihr Eigentum angesehen werden können. Sobald ihre Transaktion in einem Block eingeschlossen wurde, wird diese fortlaufend von jedem neuen darauf folgenden Block begraben, was die Übereinkunft exponentiell verstärkt und das Risiko verkleinert, dass eine Transaktion rückgängig gemacht werden kann. Jeder Nutzer kann frei bestimmen an welchem Punkt er eine Transaktion als bestätigt betrachtet, aber 6 Bestätigungen werden oft als so sicher angesehen wie das 6-monatige Warten auf eine Kreditkarten-Transaktion"
|
||||
fee: "Wie groß wird die Transaktionsgebühr sein?"
|
||||
feetxt1: "Die meisten Transaktionen können ohne Gebühren vorgenommen werden, aber die Nutzer sind angehalten, eine kleine freiwillige Gebühr zu bezahlen, um eine schnellere Bestätigung ihrer Transaktionen zu erhalten und die Miner zu entlohnen. Falls Gebühren notwendig sind, dann überschreiten sie generell nicht den Gegenwert von ein paar Cent. Falls notwendig, wird normalerweise Ihr Bitcoin Client versuchen, eine angemessene Gebühr zu schätzen."
|
||||
feetxt2: "Transaktionsgebühren dienen als Schutz gegen Nutzer, die Transaktionen senden, um das Netzwerk zu überlasten. Die genaue Methode, nach der Gebühren funktionieren, wird noch entwickelt und sich über die Zeit ändern. Da die Gebühr in keinen Bezug zur Summe der gesendeten Bitcoins steht, kann sie entweder sehr niedrig (0.0005 BTC für eine Übertragung von 1000 BTC) oder unverhältnismäßig hoch(0.004 BTC für eine Zahlung von 0.02 BTC) sein. Die Gebühr wird durch Eigenschaften wie den Daten der Transaktion und Transaktion-Wiederholung festgelegt. Wenn sie zum Beispiel eine große Zahl von kleinen Summen erhalten, werden Gebühren für das Senden höher sein. Solche Zahlungen sind vergleichbar mit dem Zahlen einer Restaurantrechnung nur mit Cents. Das zügige Ausgeben von kleinen Mengen ihrer Bitcoins kann ebenso eine Gebühr erfordern. Wenn ihre Aktivität dem Muster normaler Transaktionen folgt, sollten die Gebühren sehr niedrig bleiben."
|
||||
poweredoff: "Was passiert, wenn ich einen Bitcoin empfange, während mein Computer ausgeschaltet ist?"
|
||||
poweredofftxt1: "Das funktioniert. Die Bitcoins werden in ihrer Wallet auftauchen, sobald Sie ihr Wallet-Anwendung das nächste Mal starten. Bitcoins werden nicht von der Software auf ihrem Computer empfangen, sondern in einem öffentlichen Buchungssystem vermerkt, welches von allen Geräten im Netzwerk geteilt wird. Wenn Sie Bitcoins empfangen während ihre Wallet-Anwendung ausgeschaltet ist, wird das Programm, wenn Sie es später starten, alle Blöcke downloaden und mit den Buchungen synchronisieren, die bisher nicht erfasst wurden. Die Bitcoins werden letztendlich erscheinen, als wären sie in Echtzeit empfangen worden. Sie brauchen ihre Wallet also nur, wenn Sie Bitcoins ausgeben wollen."
|
||||
sync: "Was bedeutet \"Synchronisierung\" und warum dauert es so lange?"
|
||||
synctxt1: "Lange Synchronisationszeiten sind nur bei \"Full Node Clients\" wie Bitcoin Core nötig. Aus technischer Sicht ist Synchronisation ein Prozess, bei dem alle bisherigen Bitcoin Transaktionen heruntergeladen und geprüft werden. Um den Kontostand zu berechnen und Transaktionen durchzuführen, müssen manche Bitcoin Clients alle bisherigen Transaktionen kennen. Dieser Schritt kann sehr Ressourcenintensiv sein und benötigt ausreichend Bandbreite sowie Festplattenspeicher um die <a href=\"http://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">komplette Blockkette</a> abzuspeichern. Damit Bitcoin sicher bleibt, sollten weiterhin genug Personen \"Full Node Clients\" verwenden, weil diese die Aufgabe des Überprüfens und der Vermittlung von Transaktionen übernehmen"
|
||||
synctxt1: "Lange Synchronisationszeiten sind nur bei \"Full Node Clients\" wie Bitcoin Core nötig. Aus technischer Sicht ist Synchronisation ein Prozess, bei dem alle bisherigen Bitcoin Transaktionen heruntergeladen und geprüft werden. Um den Kontostand zu berechnen und Transaktionen durchzuführen, müssen manche Bitcoin Clients alle bisherigen Transaktionen kennen. Dieser Schritt kann sehr Ressourcenintensiv sein und benötigt ausreichend Bandbreite sowie Festplattenspeicher um die <a href=\"https://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">komplette Blockkette</a> abzuspeichern. Damit Bitcoin sicher bleibt, sollten weiterhin genug Personen \"Full Node Clients\" verwenden, weil diese die Aufgabe des Überprüfens und der Vermittlung von Transaktionen übernehmen"
|
||||
mining: "Mining"
|
||||
whatismining: "Was ist Bitcoin-Mining?"
|
||||
whatisminingtxt1: "Mining ist ein Prozess, bei dem Rechenenleistung zur Verfügung gestellt wird, um Transaktionen zu verarbeiten, das Netzwerk zu sichern und jeden im System miteinander synchron zu halten. Man kann es als das Bitcoin-Rechenzentrum betrachten, mit der Abweichung, dass es so entwickelt wurde, dass es komplett dezentralisiert ist, mit Minern in allen möglichen Ländern, und keine Einzelperson Kontrolle über das Netzwerk hat. Dieser Prozess wird in Analogie zum Goldschürfen \"Mining\" genannt, weil es außerdem ein temporärer Mechanismus ist, um neue Bitcoins zu erzeugen. Anders als beim Goldschürfen gibt es beim Bitcoin-Mining eine Belohnung für nützliche Dienste, die benötigt werden, um ein sicheres Bezahlsystem zu betreiben. Mining wird auch noch benötigt werden, wenn der letzte Bitcoin erzeugt wurde."
|
||||
|
@ -344,7 +340,7 @@ de:
|
|||
balances: "Kontostände<a class=\"titlelight\"> - Blockkette</a>"
|
||||
balancestxt: "Die Blockkette ist ein gemeinsames <b>öffentliches Buchungssystem</b>, auf dem das gesamte Bitcoinnetzwerk basiert. Alle bestätigten Buchungen werden in der Blockkette gespeichert. Auf diese Art können Bitcoin Wallets ihren Kontostand berechnen und neue Transaktionen können nur ausgeführt werden, wenn die Bitcoins dem Sender tatsächlich gehören. Die Integrität und die chronologische Reihenfolge der Blockkette werden durch <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.cryptography]\">Kryptographie</a> sichergestellt."
|
||||
transactions: "Transaktionen<a class=\"titlelight\"> - privater Schlüssel</a>"
|
||||
transactionstxt: "Eine Transaktion ist <b>ein Transfer eines Betrags zwischen Bitcoin-Wallets</b>, der in die Blockkette eingetragen wird. Bitcoin-Wallets haben einen geheimen Datenblock der <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.privatekey]\"><i>privater Schlüssel</i></a> oder \"Seed\" genannt wird, welcher verwendet wird, um Transaktionen zu signieren, indem ein mathematischer Beweis erbracht wird, dass sie vom Eigentümer der Wallet kommen. Die <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.signature]\"><i>Signatur</i></a> verhindert auch, dass die Transaktion nach dem Absenden von jemandem modifiziert werden kann. Alle Transaktionen werden unter den Nutzern verbreitet und in den folgenden 10 Minuten vom Netzwerk durch einen Prozess namens <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.mining]\"><i>Mining</i></a> bestätigt."
|
||||
transactionstxt: "Eine Transaktion ist <b>ein Transfer eines Betrags zwischen Bitcoin-Wallets</b>, der in die Blockkette eingetragen wird. Bitcoin-Wallets haben einen geheimen Datenblock der <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.privatekey]\"><i>privater Schlüssel</i></a> oder \"Seed\" genannt wird, welcher verwendet wird, um Transaktionen zu signieren, indem ein mathematischer Beweis erbracht wird, dass sie vom Eigentümer der Wallet kommen. Die <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.signature]\"><i>Signatur</i></a> verhindert auch, dass die Transaktion nach dem Absenden von jemandem modifiziert werden kann. Alle Transaktionen werden unter den Nutzern verbreitet und innerhalb von 10 Minuten beginnt die Bestätigung durch das Netzwerk mit Hilfe einens Prozess, genannt <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.mining]\"><i>Mining</i></a> ."
|
||||
processing: "Verarbeitung<a class=\"titlelight\"> - Mining</a>"
|
||||
processingtxt: "Mining ist ein <b>verteiltes Konsens-System</b> das verwendet wird, um wartende Transaktionen zu <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.confirmation]\"><i>bestätigen</i></a>, indem sie in die Blockkette aufgenommen werden. Es erzwingt eine chronologische Reihenfolge der Blockkette, schützt die Neutralität des Netzwerks und ermöglicht verschiedenen Computern, sich über den Status des Systems einig zu sein. Um bestätigt zu werden, müssen Transaktionen in einen <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.block]\"><i>Block</i></a> gepackt werden. Dieser muss sehr strengen kryptographischen Regeln enstprechen, die durch das Netzwerk verifiziert werden. Diese Regeln verhindern, dass vorherige Blöcke modifiziert werden können, denn eine Änderung würde alle folgenden Blöcke ungültig machen. Mining erzeugt auch das Equivalent einer Lotterie mit starker Konkurrenz, die verhindert, dass eine Einzelperson einfach neue aufeinanderfolgende Blöcke in die Blockkette einfügen kann. Auf diese Weise wird sichergestellt, dass keine Einzelpersonen kontrollieren können was in die Blockkette eingefügt wird, oder Teile der Blockkette modifizieren können, um eigene Ausgaben rückgängig zu machen."
|
||||
readmore: "Hinunter in den Kaninchenbau"
|
||||
|
@ -369,13 +365,13 @@ de:
|
|||
global: "Globale Zugänglichkeit"
|
||||
globaltext: "Alle Zahlungen auf der Welt können komplett interoperable sein. Bitcoin erlaubt jeder Bank, jedem Geschäft oder Individum das sichere Senden und Empfangen von Zahlungen, überall und zu jeder Zeit, mit oder ohne Bankkonto. Bitcoin ist in einer großen Zahl an Ländern verfügbar, die auf Grund deren eigenen Limitierungen unerreichbar für die meisten Zahlungssysteme sind. Bitcoin vergrößert den globalen Zugang zum Handelsverkehr und es kann dem internationalen Handel helfen zu florieren."
|
||||
cost: "Kostengünstig"
|
||||
costtext: "Durch die Verwendung von Kryptographie sind sichere Zahlungen ohne langsame und kostenintensive Mittelsmänner möglich. Eine Bitcoin-Transaktion kann sehr viel billiger als die Alternativen und in kurzer Zeit abgewickelt sein. Das bedeutet das Bitcoin das Potenzial hat, in der Zukunft eine gebräuchliche Methode zum Transfer von jedlicher Währung zu werden."
|
||||
costtext: "Durch die Verwendung von Kryptographie sind sichere Zahlungen ohne langsame und kostenintensive Mittelsmänner möglich. Eine Bitcoin-Transaktion kann sehr viel billiger als die Alternativen und in kürzerer Zeit abgewickelt sein. Das bedeutet, dass Bitcoin das Potenzial hat, in der Zukunft eine gebräuchliche Methode zum Transfer von jedlicher Währung zu werden. Bitcoin könnte auch eine Rolle bei der <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrRXP1tp6Kw\">Reduzierung von Armut</a> in vielen Ländern spielen, da die Transaktionskosten von Löhnen verringert werden."
|
||||
donation: "Trinkgeld und Spenden"
|
||||
donationtext: "Bitcoin ist in verschiedenen Fällen eine besonders effiziente Lösung für Trinkgeld und Spenden. Eine Zahlung zu senden erfordert nur einen Mausklick und eine Zahlung zu empfangen kann ebenso einfach sein wie das Zeigen eines QR-Codes. Spenden können für die Öffentlichkeit sichtbar gemacht werden, was eine erhöhte Transparenz für gemeinnützige Organisationen bietet. In Ernstfällen wie Naturkatastrophen könnte Bitcoin zu einer schnelleren internationalen Reaktion beitragen."
|
||||
crowdfunding: "Crowdfunding"
|
||||
crowdfundingtext: "Wenngleich nicht leicht umzusetzen, kann Bitcoin für Kickstarter-artige Crowdfunding Kampagnen verwendet werden, bei denen Einzelne einem Projekt Geld zusichern, das nur abgebucht wird, wenn genug Zusagen erhalten werden, um das Ziel zu erreichen. Solche Zusicherungs-Verträge werden vom Bitcoin-Protokoll bearbeitet, was verhindert, dass eine Transaktion durchgeführt wird, bevor alle Bedingungen erfüllt sind. <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Contracts#Example_3:_Assurance_contracts\">Lesen Sie mehr</a> über die Technologie die hinter Crowdfunding steckt."
|
||||
micro: "Micro-Payments"
|
||||
microtext: "Bitcoin kann Zahlungen von der Größenordnung von einem Euro und bald auch wesentlich kleineren Beträgen weiterleiten. Stellen Sie sich vor, Internetradio, pro Sekunde abgerechnet, zu hören, Websites mit einem kleinen Trinkgeld für jede nicht gezeigte Werbung zu sehen, oder Bandbreite von einem WiFi Hotspot pro Kilobyte abgerechnet, zu kaufen. Bitcoin ist effizient genug um alle diese Ideen realisierbar zu machen. <a href=\"https://code.google.com/p/bitcoinj/wiki/WorkingWithMicropayments\">Lesen Sie mehr</a> über die Technologie die hinter Bitcoin Micro-Payments steckt."
|
||||
microtext: "Bitcoin kann Zahlungen von der Größenordnung von einem Euro und bald auch wesentlich kleineren Beträgen weiterleiten. Stellen Sie sich vor, Internetradio, pro Sekunde abgerechnet, zu hören, Websites mit einem kleinen Trinkgeld für jede nicht gezeigte Werbung zu sehen, oder Bandbreite von einem WiFi Hotspot pro Kilobyte abgerechnet, zu kaufen. Bitcoin ist effizient genug um alle diese Ideen realisierbar zu machen. <a href=\"https://bitcoinj.github.io/working-with-micropayments\">Lesen Sie mehr</a> über die Technologie die hinter Bitcoin Micro-Payments steckt."
|
||||
mediation: "Schlichtungsstelle"
|
||||
mediationtext: "Bitcoin kann benutzt werden, um innovative Streitschlichtungs-Dienstleistungen, die multipe Signaturen verwenden, zu entwickeln. Solche Dienste könnten es Dritten ermöglichen, eine Transaktion zu bestätigen oder abzulehnen im Falle einer Meinungsverschiedenheit zwischen den anderen Parteien, ohne Kontrolle über das Geld zu haben. Da diese Dienstleistungen mit jedem Nutzer und Händler, die Bitcoin verwenden, kompatibel wären, würde dies wahrscheinlich zu freiem Wettbewerb und höheren Qualitätsstandarts führen."
|
||||
multisig: "Multi-Signature Konten"
|
||||
|
@ -398,7 +394,7 @@ de:
|
|||
pagetitle: "Schützen Sie ihre Privatsphäre"
|
||||
pagedesc: "Bitcoin wird häufig als anonymes Zahlungsnetzwerk verstanden. In Wirklichkeit ist Bitcoin das vermutlich transparenteste Zahlungsnetzwerk der Welt. Gleichzeitig bietet Bitcoin, richtig genutzt, einen annehmbaren Grad an Privatsphäre. <b>Denken Sie aber immer daran, dass es in ihrer Verantwortung liegt sich Methoden anzugewöhnen, mit denen sie ihre Privatsphäre schützen können.</b>"
|
||||
traceable: "Die Rückverfolgbarkeit von Bitcoin verstehen"
|
||||
traceabletxt: "Bitcoin arbeitet mit einem noch nie dagewesenen Maß an Transparenz, mit dessen Umgang die meisten Menschen nicht vertraut sind. Alle Bitcoin-Transaktionen sind öffentlich, zurückverfolgbar und dauerhaft im Bitcoin-Netzwerk gespeichert. Bitcoin-Adressen sind die einzige Information, die verwendet wird um zu bestimmen, wie Bitcoins zugeteilt sind bzw. wohin sie gesendet werden. Dieses Adressen werden von der Wallet jedes Nutzers privat generiert. Sobald jedoch Adressen verwendet werden, haftet die Historie aller Transaktionen, in die sie involviert sind, an ihnen. Jeder kann den <a href=\"http://blockexplorer.com\">Kontostand und alle Transaktionen</a> einer Adresse einsehen. Da Nutzer normalerweise ihre Identität preisgeben müssen, um Dienstleistungen oder Waren entgegenzunehmen, können Bitcoin Adressen nicht vollständig anonym bleiben. Aus diesen Gründen sollten Bitcoin Adressen nur einmalig verwendet werden, und Nutzer müssen vorsichtig sein um ihre Adressen nicht preiszugeben."
|
||||
traceabletxt: "Bitcoin arbeitet mit einem noch nie dagewesenen Maß an Transparenz, mit dessen Umgang die meisten Menschen nicht vertraut sind. Alle Bitcoin-Transaktionen sind öffentlich, zurückverfolgbar und dauerhaft im Bitcoin-Netzwerk gespeichert. Bitcoin-Adressen sind die einzige Information, die verwendet wird um zu bestimmen, wie Bitcoins zugeteilt sind bzw. wohin sie gesendet werden. Dieses Adressen werden von der Wallet jedes Nutzers privat generiert. Sobald jedoch Adressen verwendet werden, haftet die Historie aller Transaktionen, in die sie involviert sind, an ihnen. Jeder kann den <a href=\"https://www.biteasy.com\">Kontostand und alle Transaktionen</a> einer Adresse einsehen. Da Nutzer normalerweise ihre Identität preisgeben müssen, um Dienstleistungen oder Waren entgegenzunehmen, können Bitcoin Adressen nicht vollständig anonym bleiben. Aus diesen Gründen sollten Bitcoin Adressen nur einmalig verwendet werden, und Nutzer müssen vorsichtig sein um ihre Adressen nicht preiszugeben."
|
||||
receive: "Benutzern Sie neue Adressen um Zahlungen zu empfangen"
|
||||
receivetxt: "Um ihre Privatsphäre zu schützen, sollten Sie jedes Mal, wenn Sie eine Zahlung empfangen, eine neue Adresse nutzen. Außerdem können Sie mehrere Wallets für unterschiedliche Zwecke nutzen. Auf diese Art können Sie jede ihrer Transaktionen trennen und es ist nicht möglich, sie alle miteinander in Verbindung zu bringen. Menschen, die ihnen Geld senden, können nicht sehen, welche anderen Bitcoin-Adressen Ihnen gehören und was Sie damit machen. Das ist vermutlich eine der wichtigsten Ratschläge, die Sie beachten sollten."
|
||||
send: "Nutzen sie immer neue Adressen, wenn sie Zahlungen senden"
|
||||
|
@ -457,7 +453,7 @@ de:
|
|||
offlinetxtxt2: "Erstellen Sie eine neue Transaktion auf dem Online-Computer und speichern Sie sie auf einem USB-Stick."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt3: "Signieren Sie die Transaktion mit dem Offline-Computer."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt4: "Senden Sie die signierte Transaktion mit dem Online-Computer."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt5: "Da der mit dem Netzwerk verbundene Computer Transaktionen nicht signieren kann, kann er im Falle eines Angriffs nicht verwenden werden, um Geld zu transferieren. Zur Offline-Erstellung von Transaktionssignaturen kann <a href=\"http://bitcoinarmory.com/about/using-our-wallet/#offlinewallet\">Armory</a> verwendet werden."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt5: "Da der mit dem Netzwerk verbundene Computer Transaktionen nicht signieren kann, kann er im Falle eines Angriffs nicht verwenden werden, um Geld zu transferieren. Zur Offline-Erstellung von Transaktionssignaturen kann <a href=\"https://bitcoinarmory.com/about/using-our-wallet/#offlinewallet\">Armory</a> verwendet werden."
|
||||
hardwarewallet: "Hardware-Wallets"
|
||||
hardwarewallettxt: "Hardware-Wallets bieten den besten Kompromiss aus sehr hoher Sicherheit und einfacher Handhabung. Es sind kleine Geräte, die von Grundauf dafür entworfen wurden nur eine Wallet und sonst nichts weiter zu sein. Keine Software kann auf ihnen installiert werden, was sie sehr sicher gegen Computerangriffe und Onlinediebe macht. Weil sie eine Sicherung ermöglichen, können Sie ihr Geld aus einem verlorenem Gerät wiederherstellen."
|
||||
hardwarewalletsoon: "Im Moment befindet sich keine Hardware-Wallet in Produktion, aber das ändert sich bald:"
|
||||
|
@ -535,13 +531,13 @@ de:
|
|||
irreversible: "Bitcoin-Zahlungen sind nicht umkehrbar"
|
||||
irreversibletxt: "Zahlungen mit Bitcoin können nicht rückgängig gemacht werden, sie können nur durch den Empfänger zurückgezahlt werden. Daher sollten Sie nur mit Personen und Organisationen handeln, die Sie kennen und denen Sie vertrauen. Der Part der Unternehmen besteht darin, die Kontrolle über die Zahlungsaufforderungen zu behalten, die sie ihren Kunden anzeigen. Aber keine Sorge, Bitcoin kann Tippfehler erkennen und in der Regel können Sie kein Geld an eine ungültige Adresse senden. In der Zukunft könnten zusätzliche Dienste vorhanden sein, die mehr Wahlmöglichkeiten und Schutz für Kunden bieten."
|
||||
anonymous: "Bitcoin ist nicht anonym"
|
||||
anonymoustxt: "Wenn Sie Ihre Privatsphäre mit Bitcoin schützen wollen, ist ein wenig Aufwand erforderlich. Alle Bitcoin-Transkationen sind öffentlich und dauerhaft im Netzwerk gespeichert, was bedeutet, dass jeder den Kontostand und die Transaktionen jeder Bitcoin-Adresse einsehen kann. Die Identität des Besitzers kann aber nicht mit der Bitcoin-Adresse in Verbindung gebracht werden, solange der Besitzer im Rahmen eines Tauschs keine persönlichen Informationen preisgibt. Daher sollte man Bitcoin Adressen nur einmalig verwenden. Denken Sie immer daran, dass es in ihrer Verwantwortung liegt, sich gute Praktiken anzueignen um ihre Privatsphäre schützen zu können. <a href=\"#protect-your-privacy#\"><b>Lesen Sie mehr über den Schutz ihrer Privatsphäre</b></a>."
|
||||
anonymoustxt: "Wenn Sie Ihre Privatsphäre mit Bitcoin schützen wollen, ist ein wenig Aufwand erforderlich. Alle Bitcoin-Transkationen sind öffentlich und dauerhaft im Netzwerk gespeichert, was bedeutet, dass jeder den Kontostand und die Transaktionen jeder Bitcoin-Adresse einsehen kann. Die Identität des Besitzers kann aber nicht mit der Bitcoin-Adresse in Verbindung gebracht werden, solange bis der Besitzer Informationen im Rahmen einer Transaktion oder anderweitig preisgibt. Daher sollte man Bitcoin Adressen nur einmalig verwenden. Denken Sie immer daran, dass es in ihrer Verwantwortung liegt, sich gute Praktiken anzueignen um ihre Privatsphäre schützen zu können. <a href=\"#protect-your-privacy#\"><b>Lesen Sie mehr über den Schutz ihrer Privatsphäre</b></a>."
|
||||
instant: "Sofort-Transaktionen sind weniger sicher"
|
||||
instanttxt: "Eine Bitcoin-Transaktion ist in der Regel innerhalb weniger Sekunden verteilt und innerhalb von 10 Minuten bestätigt. Innerhalb dieser Zeit gilt die Transaktion als glaubwürdig, aber umkehrbar. Unehrliche Nutzer könnten versuchen zu schummeln. Falls Sie nicht zu lange warten wollen, sollten Sie eine kleine Transaktionsgebühr ansetzen, oder ein System verwenden, welches unsichere Transaktionen erkennt, um die Sicherheit zu erhöhen. Für größere Summen ab 1000€ empfiehlt es sich auf 6 Bestätigungen oder mehr zu warten. Jede Bestätigung verringert das Risiko einer umkehrbaren Bestätigung <i>exponentiell</i>."
|
||||
instanttxt: "Eine Bitcoin-Transaktion ist in der Regel innerhalb weniger Sekunden verteilt und in den darauf folgenden 10 Minuten beginnt die Bestätigung. Innerhalb dieser Zeit gilt die Transaktion als glaubwürdig, aber umkehrbar. Unehrliche Nutzer könnten versuchen zu schummeln. Falls Sie nicht zu lange warten wollen, sollten Sie eine kleine Transaktionsgebühr ansetzen, oder ein System verwenden, welches unsichere Transaktionen erkennt, um die Sicherheit zu erhöhen. Für größere Summen ab 1000€ empfiehlt es sich auf 6 Bestätigungen oder mehr zu warten. Jede Bestätigung verringert das Risiko einer umkehrbaren Bestätigung <i>exponentiell</i>."
|
||||
experimental: "Bitcoin ist noch experimentell"
|
||||
experimentaltxt: "Bitcoin ist eine experimentelle neue Währung, und wird aktiv weiterentwickelt. Auch wenn es mit steigender Nutzung immer weniger experimentell wird, sollten Sie bedenken, dass Bitcoin eine neue Erfindung ist, die Ideen verfolgt, die vorher nie ausprobiert wurden. Daher kann die Zukunft von niemandem vorhergesagt werden."
|
||||
tax: "Steuern und Regulierung"
|
||||
taxtxt: "Bitcoin ist keine offizielle Währung. Allerdings sehen die meisten Gesetzgeber immer noch Einkommen-, Umsatz- und Lohnsteuer vor, sowie Kapitalertragssteuern auf alle Anlagen, inklusive Bitcoin. Es liegt in Ihrer Verantwortung sicherzustellen, dass Sie eventuell erforderliche Steuern bezahlen und andere von Ihrer Regierung und / oder Gemeinde beschlossenen rechtlichen oder regulatorischen Erlässe einhalten."
|
||||
taxtxt: "Bitcoin ist keine offizielle Währung. Allerdings sehen die meisten Gesetzgeber immer noch Einkommen-, Umsatz- und Lohnsteuer vor, sowie Kapitalertragssteuern auf alle Anlagen, inklusive Bitcoin. Es liegt in Ihrer Verantwortung sicherzustellen, dass Sie <a href=\"http://bitlegal.io/\">eventuell erforderliche Steuern bezahlen</a> und andere von Ihrer Regierung und/oder Gemeinde beschlossenen rechtlichen oder regulatorischen Erlässe einhalten."
|
||||
layout:
|
||||
menu-about-us: "Über bitcoin.org"
|
||||
menu-bitcoin-for-businesses: Unternehmen
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -16,7 +16,11 @@ en:
|
|||
missiontxt6: "Improve Bitcoin worldwide accessibility with internationalization."
|
||||
missiontxt7: "Remain a neutral informative resource about Bitcoin."
|
||||
help: "Help us"
|
||||
helptxt: "You can report any problem or help to improve bitcoin.org on <a href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org#how-to-participate\">GitHub</a> by opening an issue or a pull request in English. When submitting a pull request, please take required time to discuss your changes and adapt your work. You can help with translations by joining a team on <a href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org#translation\">Transifex</a>. Please don't ask for promotion for your personal business or website, except for special cases like conferences."
|
||||
helptxt: "You can report any problem or help to improve bitcoin.org on <a href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org#how-to-participate\">GitHub</a> by opening an issue or a pull request in English. When submitting a pull request, please take required time to discuss your changes and adapt your work. You can help with translations by joining a team on <a href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org#translation\">Transifex</a>. Please don't ask for promotion for your personal business or website, except for special cases like conferences. Many thanks to all contributors who are spending time improving bitcoin.org!"
|
||||
maintenance: "Maintenance"
|
||||
documentation: "Documentation"
|
||||
translation: "Translation"
|
||||
github: "Contributors on GitHub"
|
||||
bitcoin-for-businesses:
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin for Businesses - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Bitcoin for Businesses"
|
||||
|
@ -32,7 +36,7 @@ en:
|
|||
visibility: "Get some free visibility"
|
||||
visibilitytext: "Bitcoin is an emerging market of new customers who are searching for ways to spend their bitcoins. Accepting them is a good way to get new customers and give your business some new visibility. Accepting a new payment method has often shown to be a clever practice for online businesses."
|
||||
multisig: "Multi-signature"
|
||||
multisigtext: "Bitcoin also includes a feature, not yet well known, which allows bitcoins to be spent only if a subset of a group of people sign the transaction (so-called \"n of m\" transactions). This is the equivalent of the good old multi-signature cheque system that you might still use with banks today."
|
||||
multisigtext: "Bitcoin also includes a feature, not yet well known, which allows bitcoins to be spent only if a subset of a group of people sign the transaction (so-called \"m of n\" transactions). This is the equivalent of the good old multi-signature cheque system that you might still use with banks today."
|
||||
transparency: "Accounting transparency"
|
||||
transparencytext: "Many organizations are required to produce accounting documents about their activity. Using Bitcoin allows you to offer the highest level of transparency since you can provide information your members can use to verify your balances and transactions. Non-profit organizations can also allow the public to see how much they receive in donations."
|
||||
bitcoin-for-developers:
|
||||
|
@ -51,8 +55,6 @@ en:
|
|||
securitytext: "Most parts of the security are handled by the protocol. This means no need for PCI compliance and fraud detection is only required when services or products are delivered instantly. Storing your bitcoins in a <a href=\"#secure-your-wallet#\">secure environment</a> and securing payment requests displayed to the user should be your main concerns."
|
||||
micro: "Cheap micro payments"
|
||||
microtext: "Bitcoin offers the lowest payment processing fees and usually can be used to send micro payments as low as a few dollars in value. Bitcoin allows to design new creative online services that could not exist before only because of financial limitations. This includes various kinds of tipping systems and automated payment solutions."
|
||||
serviceslist: "Visit the <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/How_to_accept_Bitcoin,_for_small_businesses#Merchant_Services\">merchant services list</a> on the wiki."
|
||||
apireference: "Or read bitcoind's <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/API_reference_(JSON-RPC)\">API reference</a> and <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Original_Bitcoin_client/API_Calls_list\">API calls list</a>."
|
||||
bitcoin-for-individuals:
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin for Individuals - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Bitcoin for Individuals"
|
||||
|
@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ en:
|
|||
reddit: "Reddit's Bitcoin Community"
|
||||
stackexchange: "Bitcoin StackExchange (Q&A)"
|
||||
irc: "IRC Chat"
|
||||
ircjoin: "IRC Channels on <a href=\"http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=bitcoin&uio=d4\">freenode</a>."
|
||||
ircjoin: "IRC Channels on <a href=\"https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=bitcoin&uio=d4\">freenode</a>."
|
||||
chanbitcoin: "(General Bitcoin-related)"
|
||||
chandev: "(Development and technical)"
|
||||
chanotc: "(Over The Counter exchange)"
|
||||
|
@ -98,47 +100,89 @@ en:
|
|||
choose-your-wallet:
|
||||
title: "Choose your wallet - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Choose your Bitcoin wallet"
|
||||
summary: "Your Bitcoin wallet is what allows you to transact with other users. It gives you ownership of a Bitcoin balance so that you can send and receive bitcoins. Just like email, all wallets can interoperate with each other. Before you start with Bitcoin, be sure to <b><a href=\"#you-need-to-know#\">read what you need to know</a></b> first."
|
||||
getstarted: "Get started fast and easy"
|
||||
getstarteddesk: "<a href=\"https://multibit.org/\"><b>MultiBit</b></a> is an app you can download for Windows, Mac and Linux."
|
||||
getstartedmobi: "<a href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.schildbach.wallet\"><b>Bitcoin Wallet</b></a> for Android runs on your phone or tablet."
|
||||
bethenetwork: "Why be part of the Bitcoin network"
|
||||
bethenetworktxt: "You can choose between different kinds of lightweight wallets or a <a href=\"#download#\"><b>full Bitcoin client</b></a>. The later uses more storage and bandwidth and can take a day or longer to synchronize. But there are benefits like increased privacy and security by not trusting other network nodes. Running full nodes is essential to protecting the network by checking and relaying transactions."
|
||||
walletdesk: "Desktop wallets"
|
||||
walletdesktxt: "Desktop wallets are installed on your computer. They give you complete control over your wallet. You are responsible for protecting your money and doing backups."
|
||||
walletmobi: "Mobile wallets"
|
||||
walletmobitxt: "Mobile wallets allow you to bring Bitcoin with you in your pocket. You can exchange bitcoins easily and pay in physical stores by scanning a QR code or using NFC \"tap to pay\"."
|
||||
walletweb: "Web wallets"
|
||||
walletwebtxt: "Web wallets allow you to use Bitcoin on any browser or mobile and often offer additional services. However, you must choose your web wallet with care as they host your bitcoins."
|
||||
pagedesc: "Find your wallet and start making payments with merchants and users."
|
||||
walletcatmobile: "Mobile"
|
||||
walletcatdesktop: "Desktop"
|
||||
walletcathardware: "Hardware"
|
||||
walletcatweb: "Web"
|
||||
walletbitcoinqt: "Bitcoin Core is a full Bitcoin client and builds the backbone of the network. It offers the highest levels of security, privacy, and stability. However, it has fewer features and it takes a lot of space and memory."
|
||||
walletmultibit: "MultiBit is a lightweight client that focuses on being fast and easy to use. It synchronizes with the network and is ready to use in minutes. MultiBit also supports many languages. It is a good choice for non-technical users."
|
||||
wallethive: "Hive is a fast, integrated, user-friendly Bitcoin wallet for Mac OS X. With a focus on usability, Hive is translated into many languages and has apps, making it easy to interact with your favorite Bitcoin services and merchants."
|
||||
wallethive-android: "Hive is a standalone wallet for Android, which requires no external server or account. It focuses on usability, yet provides a range of advanced features, such as touch-to-pay via NFC or reliable payments via Bluetooth. Hive Android is extensible through plugins."
|
||||
walletarmory: "Armory is an advanced Bitcoin client that expands its features for Bitcoin power users. It offers many backup and encryption features, and it allows secure cold-storage on offline computers."
|
||||
walletelectrum: "Electrum's focus is speed and simplicity, with low resource usage. It uses remote servers that handle the most complicated parts of the Bitcoin system, and it allows you to recover your wallet from a secret phrase."
|
||||
walletxapo: "Xapo combines the convenience of an everyday Wallet with the security of a cold-storage Vault."
|
||||
walletbitcoinwallet: "Bitcoin Wallet for Android is easy to use and reliable, while also being secure and fast. Its vision is de-centralization and zero trust: No central service is needed for Bitcoin-related operations. The app is a good choice for non-technical people. It is also available for BlackBerry OS."
|
||||
walletbitcoinwallet: "Bitcoin Wallet for Android is easy to use and reliable, while also being secure and fast. Its vision is de-centralization and zero trust; no central service is needed for Bitcoin-related operations. The app is a good choice for non-technical people. It is also available for BlackBerry OS."
|
||||
walletmyceliumwallet: "Mycelium Bitcoin Wallet is an open source wallet for Android designed for security, speed, and ease of use. It has unique features to manage your keys and for cold storage that help you secure your bitcoins."
|
||||
walletblockchaininfo: "Blockchain.info is a user-friendly hybrid wallet. It stores an encrypted version of your wallet online but decryption happens in your browser. For security reasons, you should always use the browser extension and email backups."
|
||||
walletblockchaininfo: "Blockchain.info is a user-friendly hybrid wallet. It stores an encrypted version of your wallet online but decryption happens in your browser. For security reasons, you should always use the browser extension and email backups (and keep that email secure) ."
|
||||
walletcoinbase: "Coinbase is a web wallet service that aims to be easy to use. It also provides an Android web wallet app, merchant tools and integration with US bank accounts to buy and sell bitcoins."
|
||||
walletcoinkite: "Coinkite is a web wallet & debit card service that aims to be easy to use. It also works on mobile browsers, has merchant tools, point-of-sale payment terminals. It is a hybrid wallet and full reserve vault."
|
||||
walletbitgo: "BitGo is a multi-signature wallet offering the highest levels of security. Every transaction requires two signatures, protecting your bitcoins from malware and server attacks. Private keys are held by the user such that BitGo cannot access the bitcoins. It is a good choice for non technical users."
|
||||
walletgreenaddress: "GreenAddress is a user-friendly multi-signature wallet with improved security and privacy. At no time your keys are server side, not even encrypted. For security reasons, you should always use 2FA and the browser extension or Android App."
|
||||
walletdownload: "<a href=\"#download#\">Download</a>"
|
||||
walletvisit: "Visit website"
|
||||
walletwebwarning: "Be careful"
|
||||
walletwebwarningtxt: "Web wallets host your bitcoins. That means it is possible for them to lose your bitcoins following any incident on their side. As of today, no web wallet services provide enough insurance to be used to store value like a bank."
|
||||
walletwebwarningok: "OK, I understand"
|
||||
wallettrustinfo: "Third party"
|
||||
wallettrustinfotxt: "This wallet relies on a centralized service by default and requires a certain level of trust on a third party. This third party however does not control your wallet. Using backups and a strong password is always recommended when applicable."
|
||||
checkgoodcontrolfull: "Control over your money"
|
||||
checkgoodcontrolfulltxt: "This wallet gives you full control over your bitcoins. This means no third party can freeze or lose your funds. You are however still responsible for securing and backing up your wallet."
|
||||
checkpasscontrolhybrid: "Hosted control over your money"
|
||||
checkpasscontrolhybridtxt: "This wallet gives you control over your bitcoins. However, this service is retaining an encrypted copy of your wallet. This means your bitcoins can be stolen if you don't use a strong password and the service is compromised."
|
||||
checkpasscontrolmulti: "Shared control over your money"
|
||||
checkpasscontrolmultitxt: "This wallet requires every transaction to be authorized both by you and this third party. Under normal circumstances, you can regain full control over your bitcoins using your initial backup or pre-signed transactions sent by email."
|
||||
checkfailcontrolthirdpartyinsured: "Money controlled by a third party"
|
||||
checkfailcontrolthirdpartyinsuredtxt: "This service has full control over your bitcoins. This means you need to trust this service will not freeze or mismanage your funds. Although this service claims to be providing insurrance against failures on their side, you are still responsible for securing your wallet."
|
||||
checkfailcontrolthirdparty: "Money controlled by a third party"
|
||||
checkfailcontrolthirdpartytxt: "This service has full control over your bitcoins. This means you need to trust this service will not lose your funds in an incident on their side. As of today, most web wallets don't insure their deposits like a bank, and many such services have suffered from security breaches in the past."
|
||||
checkgooddecentralizefullnode: "Full node"
|
||||
checkgooddecentralizefullnodetxt: "This wallet is a full node that validates and relays transactions on the Bitcoin network. This means no trust in a third party is required when verifying payments. Full nodes provide the highest level of security and are essential to protecting the network. However, they require more space (over 20GB), bandwidth, and a longer initial synchronization time."
|
||||
checkneutraldecentralizevariable: "Variable decentralization"
|
||||
checkneutraldecentralizevariabletxt: "Decentralization features are provided by the software wallet you use with this device. Please see the Decentralization score for the software wallet you plan to use."
|
||||
checkpassdecentralizespv: "Decentralized"
|
||||
checkpassdecentralizespvtxt: "This wallet connects to the Bitcoin network. This means very little trust in third parties is required when verifying payments. However, it is not as secure as a full node like <a href=\"#download#\">Bitcoin Core</a>."
|
||||
checkfaildecentralizecentralized: "Centralized"
|
||||
checkfaildecentralizecentralizedtxt: "This wallet relies on a centralized service by default. This means a third party must be trusted to not hide or simulate payments."
|
||||
checkgoodtransparencydeterministic: "Complete transparency"
|
||||
checkgoodtransparencydeterministictxt: "This wallet is open-source and built deterministically. This means any developer in the world can audit the code and make sure the final software isn't hiding any secrets."
|
||||
checkpasstransparencyopensource: "Good transparency"
|
||||
checkpasstransparencyopensourcetxt: "The developers of this wallet publish the source code for the client. This means any developer in the world can audit the code. However, you still need to trust developers of this wallet when installing or updating the final software because it was not built deterministically like <a href=\"#download#\">Bitcoin Core</a>."
|
||||
checkpasstransparencyclosedsource: "No transparency"
|
||||
checkpasstransparencyclosedsourcetxt: "This wallet is not open-source. This means it is not possible to audit the code and make sure the final software isn't hiding dangerous code or doing anything you wouldn't agree to."
|
||||
checkfailtransparencyremote: "Remote app"
|
||||
checkfailtransparencyremotetxt: "This wallet is loaded from a remote location. This means that whenever you use your wallet, you need to trust the developers to not steal or lose your bitcoins in an incident on their site. Using a browser extension or mobile app, if available, can reduce that risk."
|
||||
checkgoodenvironmenthardware: "Very secure environment"
|
||||
checkgoodenvironmenthardwaretxt: "This wallet is loaded from a secure specialized environment provided by the device. This provides very strong protection against computer vulnerabilities and malware since no software can be installed on this environment."
|
||||
checkpassenvironmentmobile: "Secure environment"
|
||||
checkpassenvironmentmobiletxt: "This wallet is loaded on mobiles where apps are usually isolated. This provides a good protection against malware, although mobiles are usually easier to steal or lose. Encrypting your mobile and backing up your wallet can reduce that risk."
|
||||
checkpassenvironmenttwofactor: "Two-factor authentication"
|
||||
checkpassenvironmenttwofactortxt: "This wallet can be used from insecure environments. However, this service requires two-factor authentication. This means access to multiple devices or accounts is required to steal your bitcoins."
|
||||
checkfailenvironmentdesktop: "Vulnerable environment"
|
||||
checkfailenvironmentdesktoptxt: "This wallet can be loaded on computers which are vulnerable to malware. Securing your computer, using a strong passphrase, moving most of your funds to cold storage or enabling two-factor authentication can make it harder to steal on your bitcoins."
|
||||
checkgoodprivacyimproved: "Improved privacy"
|
||||
checkneutralprivacyvariable: "Variable privacy"
|
||||
checkneutralprivacyvariabletxt: "Privacy features are provided by the software wallet you use with this device. Please see the Privacy score for the software wallet you plan to use."
|
||||
checkpassprivacybasic: "Basic privacy"
|
||||
checkfailprivacyweak: "Weak privacy"
|
||||
checkpassprivacyaddressrotation: "Prevents spying on your payments"
|
||||
checkpassprivacyaddressrotationtxt: "This wallet makes it harder to spy on your balance and payments by rotating addresses. You should still take care to use a new Bitcoin address each time you request payment."
|
||||
checkfailprivacyaddressrotation: "Allows spying on your payments"
|
||||
checkfailprivacyaddressrotationtxt: "This wallet makes it easy for anyone to spy on your balance and payments because it reuses the same addresses."
|
||||
checkpassprivacydisclosurefullnode: "Avoids disclosing information"
|
||||
checkpassprivacydisclosurefullnodetxt: "This wallet does not disclose information to peers on the network when receiving or sending a payment."
|
||||
checkfailprivacydisclosurespv: "Discloses limited information to peers"
|
||||
checkfailprivacydisclosurespvtxt: "Peers on the network can log your IP address and associate your payments together when receiving or sending payment."
|
||||
checkfailprivacydisclosurecentralized: "Discloses information to a third party"
|
||||
checkfailprivacydisclosurecentralizedtxt: "This wallet uses central servers which are able to associate your payments together and log your IP address."
|
||||
checkfailprivacydisclosureaccount: "Discloses information to a third party"
|
||||
checkfailprivacydisclosureaccounttxt: "This service can associate your payments together, log your IP address and know your real identity if you provide personal information like your email, name or banking account."
|
||||
checkpassprivacynetworksupporttorproxy: "Tor can be used"
|
||||
checkpassprivacynetworksupporttorproxytxt: "This wallet lets you setup and use <a href=\"https://www.torproject.org/\">Tor</a> as a proxy to prevent attackers or Internet service providers from associating your payments with your IP address."
|
||||
checkfailprivacynetworknosupporttor: "Tor not supported"
|
||||
checkfailprivacynetworknosupporttortxt: "This wallet does not let you use Tor to prevent attackers or Internet service providers from associating your payments with your IP address."
|
||||
educate: "Take time to educate yourself"
|
||||
educatetxt: "Bitcoin is different from what you know and use every day. Before you start using Bitcoin for any serious transaction, be sure to read <a href=\"#you-need-to-know#\"><b>what you need to know</b></a> and take appropriate steps to <a href=\"#secure-your-wallet#\"><b>secure your wallet</b></a>. Always remember that it is your responsibility to choose your wallet carefully and adopt good practices in order to protect your money."
|
||||
development:
|
||||
title: "Development - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Bitcoin development"
|
||||
summary: "Find more information about current specification, software and developers."
|
||||
spec: "Specification"
|
||||
spectxt: "If you are interested in learning more about the technical details of Bitcoin, it is recommended you start with these documents."
|
||||
speclink1: "<a href=\"/bitcoin.pdf\">Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System</a>"
|
||||
speclink2: "<a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Protocol_rules\">Protocol rules</a>"
|
||||
speclink3: "<a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Category:Technical\">Bitcoin Wiki</a>"
|
||||
spec: "Documentation"
|
||||
spectxt: "If you are interested in learning more about the technical details of Bitcoin and how to use existing tools and APIs, it is recommended you start by exploring the <a href=\"/en/developer-documentation\">developer documentation</a>."
|
||||
coredev: "Core developers"
|
||||
disclosure: "Responsible disclosure"
|
||||
disclosuretxt: "If you find a vulnerability related to Bitcoin, non-critical vulnerabilities can be emailed in English to any of the core developers or sent to the private bitcoin-security mailing list listed above. An example of a non-critical vulnerability would be an expensive-to-carry-out denial of service attack. Critical vulnerabilities that are too sensitive for unencrypted email should be sent to one or more of the core developers, encrypted with their PGP key(s)."
|
||||
|
@ -158,8 +202,8 @@ en:
|
|||
downloadsig: "Verify release signatures"
|
||||
sourcecode: "Get the source code"
|
||||
versionhistory: "Show version history"
|
||||
notelicense: "Bitcoin Core is a community-driven <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/about/what-is-free-software\">free software</a> project, released under the <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\">MIT license</a>."
|
||||
notesync: "Bitcoin Core initial sync can take a very long time to complete. You should make sure that you have enough bandwidth and storage for the full <a href=\"http://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">block chain size</a>. If you know how to download a torrent file, you can speed up this process by putting <a href=\"/bin/blockchain/bootstrap.dat.torrent\">bootstrap.dat</a> (a previous copy of the block chain) in the Bitcoin Core data directory before starting the software."
|
||||
notelicense: "Bitcoin Core is a community-driven <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/about/what-is-free-software\">free software</a> project, released under the <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\">MIT license</a>."
|
||||
notesync: "Bitcoin Core initial sync can take a long time. You should make sure that you have enough bandwidth and storage for the full <a href=\"https://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">block chain size</a> (over 20GB). If you know how to download a torrent file, you can speed up this process by putting <a href=\"/bin/blockchain/bootstrap.dat.torrent\">bootstrap.dat</a> (a previous copy of the block chain) in the Bitcoin Core data directory before starting the software."
|
||||
patient: "You will need to be patient"
|
||||
events:
|
||||
title: "Conferences and events - Bitcoin"
|
||||
|
@ -186,7 +230,7 @@ en:
|
|||
howitworkstxt1: "From a user perspective, Bitcoin is nothing more than a mobile app or computer program that provides a personal Bitcoin wallet and allows a user to send and receive bitcoins with them. This is how Bitcoin works for most users."
|
||||
howitworkstxt2: "Behind the scenes, the Bitcoin network is sharing a public ledger called the \"block chain\". This ledger contains every transaction ever processed, allowing a user's computer to verify the validity of each transaction. The authenticity of each transaction is protected by digital signatures corresponding to the sending addresses, allowing all users to have full control over sending bitcoins from their own Bitcoin addresses. In addition, anyone can process transactions using the computing power of specialized hardware and earn a reward in bitcoins for this service. This is often called \"mining\". To learn more about Bitcoin, you can consult the <a href=\"#how-it-works#\">dedicated page</a> and the <a href=\"/bitcoin.pdf\">original paper</a>."
|
||||
used: "Is Bitcoin really used by people?"
|
||||
usedtxt1: "Yes. There is a <a href=\"http://usebitcoins.info/\">growing number of businesses</a> and individuals using Bitcoin. This includes brick and mortar businesses like restaurants, apartments, law firms, and popular online services such as Namecheap, WordPress, Reddit and Flattr. While Bitcoin remains a relatively new phenomenon, it is growing fast. At the end of August 2013, the <a href=\"http://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\">value of all bitcoins in circulation</a> exceeded US$ 1.5 billion with millions of dollars worth of bitcoins exchanged daily."
|
||||
usedtxt1: "Yes. There is a <a href=\"http://usebitcoins.info/\">growing number of businesses</a> and individuals using Bitcoin. This includes brick and mortar businesses like restaurants, apartments, law firms, and popular online services such as Namecheap, WordPress, Reddit and Flattr. While Bitcoin remains a relatively new phenomenon, it is growing fast. At the end of August 2013, the <a href=\"https://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\">value of all bitcoins in circulation</a> exceeded US$ 1.5 billion with millions of dollars worth of bitcoins exchanged daily."
|
||||
acquire: "How does one acquire bitcoins?"
|
||||
acquireli1: "As payment for goods or services."
|
||||
acquireli2: "Purchase bitcoins at a <a href=\"http://howtobuybitcoins.info\">Bitcoin exchange</a>."
|
||||
|
@ -200,10 +244,10 @@ en:
|
|||
advantagesli2: "<em><b>Very low fees</b></em> - Bitcoin payments are currently processed with either no fees or extremely small fees. Users may include fees with transactions to receive priority processing, which results in faster confirmation of transactions by the network. Additionally, merchant processors exist to assist merchants in processing transactions, converting bitcoins to fiat currency and depositing funds directly into merchants' bank accounts daily. As these services are based on Bitcoin, they can be offered for much lower fees than with PayPal or credit card networks."
|
||||
advantagesli3: "<em><b>Fewer risks for merchants</b></em> - Bitcoin transactions are secure, irreversible, and do not contain customers’ sensitive or personal information. This protects merchants from losses caused by fraud or fraudulent chargebacks, and there is no need for PCI compliance. Merchants can easily expand to new markets where either credit cards are not available or fraud rates are unacceptably high. The net results are lower fees, larger markets, and fewer administrative costs."
|
||||
advantagesli4: "<em><b>Security and control</b></em> - Bitcoin users are in full control of their transactions; it is impossible for merchants to force unwanted or unnoticed charges as can happen with other payment methods. Bitcoin payments can be made without personal information tied to the transaction. This offers strong protection against identity theft. Bitcoin users can also protect their money with backup and encryption."
|
||||
advantagesli5: "<em><b>Transparent and neutral</b></em> - <a href=\"http://blockexplorer.com/\">All information</a> concerning the Bitcoin money supply itself is readily available on the block chain for anybody to verify and use in real-time. No individual or organization can control or manipulate the Bitcoin protocol because it is cryptographically secure. This allows the core of Bitcoin to be trusted for being completely neutral, transparent and predictable."
|
||||
advantagesli5: "<em><b>Transparent and neutral</b></em> - <a href=\"https://www.biteasy.com/\">All information</a> concerning the Bitcoin money supply itself is readily available on the block chain for anybody to verify and use in real-time. No individual or organization can control or manipulate the Bitcoin protocol because it is cryptographically secure. This allows the core of Bitcoin to be trusted for being completely neutral, transparent and predictable."
|
||||
disadvantages: "What are the disadvantages of Bitcoin?"
|
||||
disadvantagesli1: "<em><b>Degree of acceptance</b></em> - Many people are still unaware of Bitcoin. Every day, more businesses accept bitcoins because they want the advantages of doing so, but the list remains small and still needs to grow in order to benefit from <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_effect\">network effects</a>."
|
||||
disadvantagesli2: "<em><b>Volatility</b></em> - The <a href=\"http://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\">total value</a> of bitcoins in circulation and the number of businesses using Bitcoin are still very small compared to what they could be. Therefore, relatively small events, trades, or business activities can significantly affect the price. In theory, this volatility will decrease as Bitcoin markets and the technology matures. Never before has the world seen a start-up currency, so it is truly difficult (and exciting) to imagine how it will play out."
|
||||
disadvantagesli1: "<em><b>Degree of acceptance</b></em> - Many people are still unaware of Bitcoin. Every day, more businesses accept bitcoins because they want the advantages of doing so, but the list remains small and still needs to grow in order to benefit from <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_effect\">network effects</a>."
|
||||
disadvantagesli2: "<em><b>Volatility</b></em> - The <a href=\"https://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\">total value</a> of bitcoins in circulation and the number of businesses using Bitcoin are still very small compared to what they could be. Therefore, relatively small events, trades, or business activities can significantly affect the price. In theory, this volatility will decrease as Bitcoin markets and the technology matures. Never before has the world seen a start-up currency, so it is truly difficult (and exciting) to imagine how it will play out."
|
||||
disadvantagesli3: "<em><b>Ongoing development</b></em> - Bitcoin software is still in beta with many incomplete features in active development. New tools, features, and services are being developed to make Bitcoin more secure and accessible to the masses. Some of these are still not ready for everyone. Most Bitcoin businesses are new and still offer no insurance. In general, Bitcoin is still in the process of maturing."
|
||||
trust: "Why do people trust Bitcoin?"
|
||||
trusttxt1: "Much of the trust in Bitcoin comes from the fact that it requires no trust at all. Bitcoin is fully open-source and decentralized. This means that anyone has access to the entire source code at any time. Any developer in the world can therefore verify exactly how Bitcoin works. All transactions and bitcoins issued into existence can be transparently consulted in real-time by anyone. All payments can be made without reliance on a third party and the whole system is protected by heavily peer-reviewed cryptographic algorithms like those used for online banking. No organization or individual can control Bitcoin, and the network remains secure even if not all of its users can be trusted."
|
||||
|
@ -221,7 +265,7 @@ en:
|
|||
scaletxt1: "The Bitcoin network can already process a much higher number of transactions per second than it does today. It is, however, not entirely ready to scale to the level of major credit card networks. Work is underway to lift current limitations, and future requirements are well known. Since inception, every aspect of the Bitcoin network has been in a continuous process of maturation, optimization, and specialization, and it should be expected to remain that way for some years to come. As traffic grows, more Bitcoin users may use lightweight clients, and full network nodes may become a more specialized service. For more details, see the <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Scalability\">Scalability</a> page on the Wiki."
|
||||
legal: "Legal"
|
||||
islegal: "Is Bitcoin legal?"
|
||||
islegaltxt1: "To the best of our knowledge, Bitcoin has not been made illegal by legislation in most jurisdictions. However, some jurisdictions (such as Argentina and Russia) severely restrict or ban foreign currencies. Other jurisdictions (such as Thailand) may limit the licensing of certain entities such as Bitcoin exchanges."
|
||||
islegaltxt1: "To the best of our knowledge, <a href=\"http://bitlegal.io/\">Bitcoin has not been made illegal</a> by legislation in most jurisdictions. However, some jurisdictions (such as Argentina and Russia) severely restrict or ban foreign currencies. Other jurisdictions (such as Thailand) may limit the licensing of certain entities such as Bitcoin exchanges."
|
||||
islegaltxt2: "Regulators from various jurisdictions are taking steps to provide individuals and businesses with rules on how to integrate this new technology with the formal, regulated financial system. For example, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), a bureau in the United States Treasury Department, issued non-binding guidance on how it characterizes certain activities involving virtual currencies."
|
||||
illegalactivities: "Is Bitcoin useful for illegal activities?"
|
||||
illegalactivitiestxt1: "Bitcoin is money, and money has always been used both for legal and illegal purposes. Cash, credit cards and current banking systems widely surpass Bitcoin in terms of their use to finance crime. Bitcoin can bring significant innovation in payment systems and the benefits of such innovation are often considered to be far beyond their potential drawbacks."
|
||||
|
@ -233,7 +277,7 @@ en:
|
|||
taxes: "What about Bitcoin and taxes?"
|
||||
taxestxt1: "Bitcoin is not a fiat currency with legal tender status in any jurisdiction, but often tax liability accrues regardless of the medium used. There is a wide variety of legislation in many different jurisdictions which could cause income, sales, payroll, capital gains, or some other form of tax liability to arise with Bitcoin."
|
||||
consumer: "What about Bitcoin and consumer protection?"
|
||||
consumertxt1: "Bitcoin is freeing people to transact on their own terms. Each user can send and receive payments in a similar way to cash but they can also take part in more complex contracts. Multiple signatures allow a transaction to be accepted by the network only if a certain number of a defined group of persons agree to sign the transaction. This allows innovative dispute mediation services to be developed in the future. Such services could allow a third party to approve or reject a transaction in case of disagreement between the other parties without having control on their money. As opposed to cash and other payment methods, Bitcoin always leave a public proof that a transaction did take place, which can potentially be used in a recourse against businesses with fraudulent practices."
|
||||
consumertxt1: "Bitcoin is freeing people to transact on their own terms. Each user can send and receive payments in a similar way to cash but they can also take part in more complex contracts. Multiple signatures allow a transaction to be accepted by the network only if a certain number of a defined group of persons agree to sign the transaction. This allows innovative dispute mediation services to be developed in the future. Such services could allow a third party to approve or reject a transaction in case of disagreement between the other parties without having control on their money. As opposed to cash and other payment methods, Bitcoin always leaves a public proof that a transaction did take place, which can potentially be used in a recourse against businesses with fraudulent practices."
|
||||
consumertxt2: "It is also worth noting that while merchants usually depend on their public reputation to remain in business and pay their employees, they don't have access to the same level of information when dealing with new consumers. The way Bitcoin works allows both individuals and businesses to be protected against fraudulent chargebacks while giving the choice to the consumer to ask for more protection when they are not willing to trust a particular merchant."
|
||||
economy: "Economy"
|
||||
bitcoinscreated: "How are bitcoins created?"
|
||||
|
@ -246,7 +290,7 @@ en:
|
|||
whatpricetxt1: "The price of a bitcoin is determined by supply and demand. When demand for bitcoins increases, the price increases, and when demand falls, the price falls. There is only a limited number of bitcoins in circulation and new bitcoins are created at a predictable and decreasing rate, which means that demand must follow this level of inflation to keep the price stable. Because Bitcoin is still a relatively small market compared to what it could be, it doesn't take significant amounts of money to move the market price up or down, and thus the price of a bitcoin is still very volatile."
|
||||
whatpriceimg1: "Bitcoin price, 2011 to 2013:"
|
||||
worthless: "Can bitcoins become worthless?"
|
||||
worthlesstxt1: "Yes. History is littered with currencies that failed and are no longer used, such as the <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_gold_mark\">German Mark</a> during the Weimar Republic and, more recently, the <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwean_dollar\">Zimbabwean dollar</a>. Although previous currency failures were typically due to hyperinflation of a kind that Bitcoin makes impossible, there is always potential for technical failures, competing currencies, political issues and so on. As a basic rule of thumb, no currency should be considered absolutely safe from failures or hard times. Bitcoin has proven reliable for years since its inception and there is a lot of potential for Bitcoin to continue to grow. However, no one is in a position to predict what the future will be for Bitcoin."
|
||||
worthlesstxt1: "Yes. History is littered with currencies that failed and are no longer used, such as the <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_gold_mark\">German Mark</a> during the Weimar Republic and, more recently, the <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwean_dollar\">Zimbabwean dollar</a>. Although previous currency failures were typically due to hyperinflation of a kind that Bitcoin makes impossible, there is always potential for technical failures, competing currencies, political issues and so on. As a basic rule of thumb, no currency should be considered absolutely safe from failures or hard times. Bitcoin has proven reliable for years since its inception and there is a lot of potential for Bitcoin to continue to grow. However, no one is in a position to predict what the future will be for Bitcoin."
|
||||
bubble: "Is Bitcoin a bubble?"
|
||||
bubbletxt1: "A fast rise in price does not constitute a bubble. An artificial over-valuation that will lead to a sudden downward correction constitutes a bubble. Choices based on individual human action by hundreds of thousands of market participants is the cause for bitcoin's price to fluctuate as the market seeks price discovery. Reasons for changes in sentiment may include a loss of confidence in Bitcoin, a large difference between value and price not based on the fundamentals of the Bitcoin economy, increased press coverage stimulating speculative demand, fear of uncertainty, and old-fashioned irrational exuberance and greed."
|
||||
ponzi: "Is Bitcoin a Ponzi scheme?"
|
||||
|
@ -276,7 +320,7 @@ en:
|
|||
poweredoff: "What if I receive a bitcoin when my computer is powered off?"
|
||||
poweredofftxt1: "This works fine. The bitcoins will appear next time you start your wallet application. Bitcoins are not actually received by the software on your computer, they are appended to a public ledger that is shared between all the devices on the network. If you are sent bitcoins when your wallet client program is not running and you later launch it, it will download blocks and catch up with any transactions it did not already know about, and the bitcoins will eventually appear as if they were just received in real time. Your wallet is only needed when you wish to spend bitcoins."
|
||||
sync: "What does \"synchronizing\" mean and why does it take so long?"
|
||||
synctxt1: "Long synchronization time is only required with full node clients like Bitcoin Core. Technically speaking, synchronizing is the process of downloading and verifying all previous Bitcoin transactions on the network. For some Bitcoin clients to calculate the spendable balance of your Bitcoin wallet and make new transactions, it needs to be aware of all previous transactions. This step can be resource intensive and requires sufficient bandwidth and storage to accommodate the <a href=\"http://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">full size of the block chain</a>. For Bitcoin to remain secure, enough people should keep using full node clients because they perform the task of validating and relaying transactions."
|
||||
synctxt1: "Long synchronization time is only required with full node clients like Bitcoin Core. Technically speaking, synchronizing is the process of downloading and verifying all previous Bitcoin transactions on the network. For some Bitcoin clients to calculate the spendable balance of your Bitcoin wallet and make new transactions, it needs to be aware of all previous transactions. This step can be resource intensive and requires sufficient bandwidth and storage to accommodate the <a href=\"https://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">full size of the block chain</a>. For Bitcoin to remain secure, enough people should keep using full node clients because they perform the task of validating and relaying transactions."
|
||||
mining: "Mining"
|
||||
whatismining: "What is Bitcoin mining?"
|
||||
whatisminingtxt1: "Mining is the process of spending computing power to process transactions, secure the network, and keep everyone in the system synchronized together. It can be perceived like the Bitcoin data center except that it has been designed to be fully decentralized with miners operating in all countries and no individual having control over the network. This process is referred to as \"mining\" as an analogy to gold mining because it is also a temporary mechanism used to issue new bitcoins. Unlike gold mining, however, Bitcoin mining provides a reward in exchange for useful services required to operate a secure payment network. Mining will still be required after the last bitcoin is issued."
|
||||
|
@ -349,7 +393,7 @@ en:
|
|||
processing: "Processing<a class=\"titlelight\"> - mining</a>"
|
||||
processingtxt: "Mining is a <b>distributed consensus system</b> that is used to <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.confirmation]\"><i>confirm</i></a> waiting transactions by including them in the block chain. It enforces a chronological order in the block chain, protects the neutrality of the network, and allows different computers to agree on the state of the system. To be confirmed, transactions must be packed in a <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.block]\"><i>block</i></a> that fits very strict cryptographic rules that will be verified by the network. These rules prevent previous blocks from being modified because doing so would invalidate all following blocks. Mining also creates the equivalent of a competitive lottery that prevents any individual from easily adding new blocks consecutively in the block chain. This way, no individuals can control what is included in the block chain or replace parts of the block chain to roll back their own spends."
|
||||
readmore: "Going down the rabbit hole"
|
||||
readmoretxt: "This is only a very short and concise summary of the system. If you want to get into the details, you can <a href=\"/bitcoin.pdf\">read the original paper</a> that describes the system's design, and explore the <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Main_Page\">Bitcoin wiki</a>."
|
||||
readmoretxt: "This is only a very short and concise summary of the system. If you want to get into the details, you can <a href=\"/bitcoin.pdf\">read the original paper</a> that describes the system's design, read the <a href=\"/en/developer-documentation\">developer documentation</a>, and explore the <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Main_Page\">Bitcoin wiki</a>."
|
||||
index:
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin - Open source P2P money"
|
||||
listintro: "Bitcoin is an innovative payment network and a new kind of money."
|
||||
|
@ -370,13 +414,13 @@ en:
|
|||
global: "Global accessibility"
|
||||
globaltext: "All payments in the world can be fully interoperable. Bitcoin allows any bank, business or individual to securely send and receive payments anywhere at any time, with or without a bank account. Bitcoin is available in a large number of countries that still remain out of reach for most payment systems due to their own limitations. Bitcoin increases global access to commerce and it can help international trades to flourish."
|
||||
cost: "Cost efficiency"
|
||||
costtext: "With the use of cryptography, secure payments are possible without slow and costly middlemen. A Bitcoin transaction can be much cheaper than its alternatives and be completed in a short time. This means Bitcoin holds some potential to become a common way to transfer any currency in the future. Bitcoin could also play a role in reducing poverty in many countries by cutting high transaction fees on workers' salary."
|
||||
costtext: "With the use of cryptography, secure payments are possible without slow and costly middlemen. A Bitcoin transaction can be much cheaper than its alternatives and be completed in a short time. This means Bitcoin holds some potential to become a common way to transfer any currency in the future. Bitcoin could also play a role in <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrRXP1tp6Kw\">reducing poverty</a> in many countries by cutting high transaction fees on workers' salary."
|
||||
donation: "Tips and donations"
|
||||
donationtext: "Bitcoin has been a particularly efficient solution for tips and donations in several cases. Sending a payment only requires one click and receiving donations can be as simple as displaying a QR code. Donations can be visible for the public, giving increased transparency for non-profit organizations. In cases of emergencies such as natural disasters, Bitcoin donations could contribute to a faster international response."
|
||||
crowdfunding: "Crowdfunding"
|
||||
crowdfundingtext: "Although not yet easy to use, Bitcoin can be used to run Kickstarter-style crowdfunding campaigns, in which individuals pledge money to a project that is taken from them only if enough pledges are received to meet the target. Such assurance contracts are processed by the Bitcoin protocol, which prevents a transaction to take place until all conditions have been met. <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Contracts#Example_3:_Assurance_contracts\">Learn more</a> about the technology behind crowdfunding."
|
||||
micro: "Micro payments"
|
||||
microtext: "Bitcoin can process payments to the scale of a dollar and soon even much smaller amounts. Such payments are routine even today. Imagine listening to Internet radio paid by the second, viewing web pages with a small tip for each ad not shown, or buying bandwidth from a WiFi hotspot by the kilobyte. Bitcoin is efficient enough to make all of these ideas possible. <a href=\"https://code.google.com/p/bitcoinj/wiki/WorkingWithMicropayments\">Learn more</a> about the technology behind Bitcoin micro payments."
|
||||
microtext: "Bitcoin can process payments to the scale of a dollar and soon even much smaller amounts. Such payments are routine even today. Imagine listening to Internet radio paid by the second, viewing web pages with a small tip for each ad not shown, or buying bandwidth from a WiFi hotspot by the kilobyte. Bitcoin is efficient enough to make all of these ideas possible. <a href=\"https://bitcoinj.github.io/working-with-micropayments\">Learn more</a> about the technology behind Bitcoin micro payments."
|
||||
mediation: "Dispute mediation"
|
||||
mediationtext: "Bitcoin can be used to develop innovative dispute mediation services using multiple signatures. Such services could make it possible for a third party to approve or reject a transaction in case of disagreement between the other parties without having control on their money. Since these services would be compatible with any user and merchant using Bitcoin, this would likely lead to free competition and higher quality standards."
|
||||
multisig: "Multi-signature accounts"
|
||||
|
@ -399,13 +443,13 @@ en:
|
|||
pagetitle: "Protect your privacy"
|
||||
pagedesc: "Bitcoin is often perceived as an anonymous payment network. But in reality, Bitcoin is probably the most transparent payment network in the world. At the same time, Bitcoin can provide acceptable levels of privacy when used correctly. <b>Always remember that it is your responsibility to adopt good practices in order to protect your privacy</b>."
|
||||
traceable: "Understanding Bitcoin traceability"
|
||||
traceabletxt: "Bitcoin works with an unprecedented level of transparency that most people are not used to dealing with. All Bitcoin transactions are public, traceable, and permanently stored in the Bitcoin network. Bitcoin addresses are the only information used to define where bitcoins are allocated and where they are sent. These addresses are created privately by each user's wallets. However, once addresses are used, they become tainted by the history of all transactions they are involved with. Anyone can see the <a href=\"http://blockexplorer.com\">balance and all transactions</a> of any address. Since users usually have to reveal their identity in order to receive services or goods, Bitcoin addresses cannot remain fully anonymous. For these reasons, Bitcoin addresses should only be used once and users must be careful not to disclose their addresses."
|
||||
traceabletxt: "Bitcoin works with an unprecedented level of transparency that most people are not used to dealing with. All Bitcoin transactions are public, traceable, and permanently stored in the Bitcoin network. Bitcoin addresses are the only information used to define where bitcoins are allocated and where they are sent. These addresses are created privately by each user's wallets. However, once addresses are used, they become tainted by the history of all transactions they are involved with. Anyone can see the <a href=\"https://www.biteasy.com\">balance and all transactions</a> of any address. Since users usually have to reveal their identity in order to receive services or goods, Bitcoin addresses cannot remain fully anonymous. For these reasons, Bitcoin addresses should only be used once and users must be careful not to disclose their addresses."
|
||||
receive: "Use new addresses to receive payments"
|
||||
receivetxt: "To protect your privacy, you should use a new Bitcoin address each time your receive a new payment. Additionally, you can use multiple wallets for different purposes. Doing so allows to isolate each of your transactions in such a way that it is not possible to associate them all together. People who send you money cannot see what other Bitcoin addresses you own and what you do with them. This is probably the most important advice you should keep in mind."
|
||||
receivetxt: "To protect your privacy, you should use a new Bitcoin address each time you receive a new payment. Additionally, you can use multiple wallets for different purposes. Doing so allows you to isolate each of your transactions in such a way that it is not possible to associate them all together. People who send you money cannot see what other Bitcoin addresses you own and what you do with them. This is probably the most important advice you should keep in mind."
|
||||
send: "Use change addresses when you send payments"
|
||||
sendtxt: "You can use a Bitcoin client like Bitcoin Core that makes it difficult to track your transactions by creating a new change address each time you send a payment. For example, if you receive 5 BTC on address A, and you later send 2 BTC to address B, the remaining change must be sent back to you. Some Bitcoin clients are designed to send the change to a new address C in such a way that it becomes difficult to know if you own Bitcoin address B or C."
|
||||
public: "Be careful with public spaces"
|
||||
publictxt: "Unless your intention is to receive public donations or payments with full transparency, publishing a Bitcoin address on any public space such as a website or social network is not a good idea when it comes to privacy. If you choose to do so, always remember that if you move any funds with this address to one of your other addresses, they will be publicly tainted by the history your public address. Additionally, you might also want to be careful not to publish information about your transactions and purchases that could allow someone to identify your Bitcoin addresses."
|
||||
publictxt: "Unless your intention is to receive public donations or payments with full transparency, publishing a Bitcoin address on any public space such as a website or social network is not a good idea when it comes to privacy. If you choose to do so, always remember that if you move any funds with this address to one of your other addresses, they will be publicly tainted by the history of your public address. Additionally, you might also want to be careful not to publish information about your transactions and purchases that could allow someone to identify your Bitcoin addresses."
|
||||
iplog: "Your IP address can be logged"
|
||||
iplogtxt: "Because the Bitcoin network is a peer-to-peer network, it is possible to listen for transactions' relays and log their IP addresses. Full node clients relay all users' transactions just like their own. This means that finding the source of any particular transaction can be difficult and any Bitcoin node can be mistaken as the source of a transaction when they are not. You might want to consider hiding your computer's IP address with a tool like <a href=\"https://www.torproject.org/\">Tor</a> so that it cannot be logged."
|
||||
mixing: "Limitations of mixing services"
|
||||
|
@ -458,7 +502,7 @@ en:
|
|||
offlinetxtxt2: "Create a new transaction on the online computer and save it on an USB key."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt3: "Sign the transaction with the offline computer."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt4: "Send the signed transaction with the online computer."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt5: "Because the computer that is connected to the network cannot sign transactions, it cannot be used to withdraw any funds if it is compromised. <a href=\"http://bitcoinarmory.com/about/using-our-wallet/#offlinewallet\">Armory</a> can be used to do offline transaction signature."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt5: "Because the computer that is connected to the network cannot sign transactions, it cannot be used to withdraw any funds if it is compromised. <a href=\"https://bitcoinarmory.com/about/using-our-wallet/#offlinewallet\">Armory</a> can be used to do offline transaction signature."
|
||||
hardwarewallet: "Hardware wallets"
|
||||
hardwarewallettxt: "Hardware wallets are the best balance between very high security and ease of use. These are little devices that are designed from the root to be a wallet and nothing else. No software can be installed on them, making them very secure against computer vulnerabilities and online thieves. Because they can allow backup, you can recover your funds if you lose the device."
|
||||
hardwarewalletsoon: "As of today, no hardware wallet has entered in production but they are coming soon:"
|
||||
|
@ -500,7 +544,7 @@ en:
|
|||
address: "Address"
|
||||
addresstxt: "A Bitcoin address is <b>similar to a physical address or an email</b>. It is the only information you need to provide for someone to pay you with Bitcoin. An important difference, however, is that each address should only be used for a single transaction."
|
||||
bitcoin: "Bitcoin"
|
||||
bitcointxt: "Bitcoin - with capitalization, is used when describing the concept of Bitcoin, or the entire network itself. e.g. \"I was learning about the Bitcoin protocol today.\"<br>bitcoin - without capitalization, is used to describe bitcoins as a unit of account. e.g. \"I sent ten bitcoins today.\"; it is also often abbreviated BTC or XBT"
|
||||
bitcointxt: "Bitcoin - with capitalization, is used when describing the concept of Bitcoin, or the entire network itself. e.g. \"I was learning about the Bitcoin protocol today.\"<br>bitcoin - without capitalization, is used to describe bitcoins as a unit of account. e.g. \"I sent ten bitcoins today.\"; it is also often abbreviated BTC or XBT."
|
||||
blockchain: "Block Chain"
|
||||
blockchaintxt: "The block chain is a <b>public record of Bitcoin transactions</b> in chronological order. The block chain is shared between all Bitcoin users. It is used to verify the permanence of Bitcoin transactions and to prevent <a href=\"#[vocabulary.doublespend]\">double spending</a>."
|
||||
block: "Block"
|
||||
|
@ -542,7 +586,7 @@ en:
|
|||
experimental: "Bitcoin is still experimental"
|
||||
experimentaltxt: "Bitcoin is an experimental new currency that is in active development. Although it becomes less experimental as usage grows, you should keep in mind that Bitcoin is a new invention that is exploring ideas that have never been attempted before. As such, its future cannot be predicted by anyone."
|
||||
tax: "Government taxes and regulations"
|
||||
taxtxt: "Bitcoin is not an official currency. That said, most jurisdictions still require you to pay income, sales, payroll, and capital gains taxes on anything that has value, including bitcoins. It is your responsibility to ensure that you adhere to tax and other legal or regulatory mandates issued by your government and/or local municipalities."
|
||||
taxtxt: "Bitcoin is not an official currency. That said, most jurisdictions still require you to pay income, sales, payroll, and capital gains taxes on anything that has value, including bitcoins. It is your responsibility to ensure that you adhere to <a href=\"http://bitlegal.io/\">tax and other legal or regulatory mandates</a> issued by your government and/or local municipalities."
|
||||
layout:
|
||||
menu-about-us: "About bitcoin.org"
|
||||
menu-bitcoin-for-businesses: Businesses
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ es:
|
|||
visibility: "Obtenga un poco de visibilidad gratis"
|
||||
visibilitytext: "Bitcoin es un mercado emergente con nuevos clientes que están buscando maneras de gastar sus bitcoins. Aceptar pagos con bitcoins es una buena forma de conseguir nuevos clientes y de dar a su negocio un poco de visibilidad. Aceptar una nueva forma de pago siempre ha demostrado ser una práctica inteligente para los negocios online."
|
||||
multisig: "Multi-firma"
|
||||
multisigtext: "Bitcoin también incluye una característica que no es aún muy conocida, que permite que los bitcoins puedan ser utilizados sólo si un subconjunto de un grupo de personas firman la transacción (llamadas transacciones \"n de m\"). Este es el equivalente al sistema multi-firma que usan los bancos hoy en día."
|
||||
multisigtext: "Bitcoin también incluye una característica que no es aún muy conocida, que permite que los bitcoins puedan ser utilizados sólo si un subconjunto de un grupo de personas firman la transacción (llamadas transacciones \"m de n\"). Este es el equivalente al sistema multi-firma que usan los bancos hoy en día."
|
||||
transparency: "Transparencia contable"
|
||||
transparencytext: "Muchas organizaciones están obligadas a presentar los documentos de contabilidad sobre sus actividades. Usar Bitcoin ofrece el más alto nivel de transparencia ya que puede proveer toda la información necesaria para que sus miembros verifiquen sus sueldos y transacciones. Las organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro también pueden publicar cuantas donaciones reciben."
|
||||
bitcoin-for-developers:
|
||||
|
@ -51,8 +51,6 @@ es:
|
|||
securitytext: "La mayor parte de la seguridad es manejada por el protocolo. Lo que significa que no es necesario estar conforme con el PCI y la detección de fraudes sólo es necesaria cuando los productos o servicios son entregados instantáneamente. Almacenar sus bitcoins en un <a href=\"#secure-your-wallet#\">entorno seguro</a> y asegurar las solicitudes de pago mostradas a los usuarios debería ser su principal preocupación."
|
||||
micro: "Micro pagos económicos"
|
||||
microtext: "Bitcoin ofrece las tasas de procesamiento de pagos más bajas para cualquier tipo de transacción, incluyendo micro pagos. Por tanto se pueden diseñar e implementar nuevos servicios creativos en línea que no podían existir anteriormente debido a las limitaciones financieras. Esto incluye sistemas de propinas y sistemas de pago automático."
|
||||
serviceslist: "Visite la <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/How_to_accept_Bitcoin,_for_small_businesses#Merchant_Services\">lista de servicios para el comerciante</a> en la wiki."
|
||||
apireference: "O lee la <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/API_reference_(JSON-RPC)\">documentación de la API </a>de bitcoind y la <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Original_Bitcoin_client/API_Calls_list\">lista de llamadas de la API</a>."
|
||||
bitcoin-for-individuals:
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin para usuarios particulares - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Bitcoin para Personas"
|
||||
|
@ -78,7 +76,7 @@ es:
|
|||
reddit: "Comunidad Bitcoin en Reddit"
|
||||
stackexchange: "Bitcoin StackExchange (Q&A, en inglés)"
|
||||
irc: "Chat IRC"
|
||||
ircjoin: "Canales del IRC en <a href=\"http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=bitcoin&uio=d4\">freenode</a>."
|
||||
ircjoin: "Canales del IRC en <a href=\"https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=bitcoin&uio=d4\">freenode</a>."
|
||||
chanbitcoin: "(General relacionada con Bitcoin, en inglés)"
|
||||
chandev: "(Desarrollo y tecnología, en inglés)"
|
||||
chanotc: "(Sobre el mercado extrabursátil, en inglés)"
|
||||
|
@ -102,8 +100,8 @@ es:
|
|||
getstarted: "Comience fácil y rápido"
|
||||
getstarteddesk: "<a href=\"https://multibit.org/\"><b>MultiBit</b></a> es una aplicación que se puede descargar para Windows, Mac y Linux."
|
||||
getstartedmobi: "<a href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.schildbach.wallet\"><b>Bitcoin Wallet</b></a> para Android que se ejecuta en su teléfono o tableta."
|
||||
bethenetwork: "Sea parte de la red Bitcoin"
|
||||
bethenetworktxt: "¿Tienes un ordenador encendido todo el tiempo que está conectado a Internet? Entonces puede ayudar a la comunidad simplemente ejecutando el <a href=\"#download#\"><b>cliente de Bitcoin</b></a> en el. El cliente requiere más recursos y necesitará un día entero para sincronizar con la red. Después de eso, su ordenador contribuirá a la red, revisando y retransmitiendo transacciones."
|
||||
bethenetwork: "¿Porque unirse a la red de Bitcoin?"
|
||||
bethenetworktxt: "Puedes elegir entre diferentes tipos de carteras ligeras o un <a href=\"#download#\"><b>cliente completo de Bitcoin</b></a>. El ultimo utiliza mas de almacenamiento y ancho de banda y puede tardar en sincronizar un día o mas. Pero existen beneficios como mejor privacidad y seguridad al no tener que confiar en los nodos de otras redes. Correr nodos completos es esencial para proteger la red, al revisar y transmitir las transacciones."
|
||||
walletdesk: "Monederos de escritorio"
|
||||
walletdesktxt: "Los monederos de escritorio están instalados en su ordenador. Le dan un control total sobre su monedero. Usted es el responsable de proteger su dinero y hacer copias de seguridad."
|
||||
walletmobi: "Monederos Móviles"
|
||||
|
@ -113,6 +111,7 @@ es:
|
|||
walletbitcoinqt: "Bitcoin Core es el cliente Bitcoin y la columna vertebral de la red. Ofrece un gran nivel de seguridad, privacidad y estabilidad. Sin embargo, tiene menos características y requiere mucho espacio en disco y memoria."
|
||||
walletmultibit: "MultiBit es un programa ligero que se centra en ser rápido y fácil de usar. Se sincroniza con la red y está listo para usarse en minutos. MultiBit también esta disponible en varios idiomas. Es una buena opción para los usuarios que no son técnicos."
|
||||
wallethive: "Hive es un monedero Bitcoin para Mac OS X rápido y fácil de usar. Con un enfoque en la usabilidad, Hive está traducido a varios idiomas y además tiene apps, por lo que es fácil interactuar con sus servicios y comerciantes Bitcoin favoritos."
|
||||
wallethive-android: "Hive es un monedero independiente para Android, que no requiere un servidor o cuenta externa. Se centra en la facilidad de uso, sin embargo proporciona una amplia gama de características avanzadas, tales como el touch-to-pay a través de NFC o pagos fiables a través de Bluetooth. Hive para Android es extensible mediante plugins."
|
||||
walletarmory: "Armory es un cliente avanzado de Bitcoin que amplia sus características para usuarios avanzados. Ofrece muchas opciones para respaldar, encriptar y permitir el almacenamiento de su monedero en ordenadores sin conexión."
|
||||
walletelectrum: "Electrum se enfoca en la sencillez y velocidad, con poco uso de recursos. Utiliza servidores remotos que se encargan de las partes más complejas del sistema Bitcoin, y le permite recuperar su monedero por medio de una frase secreta."
|
||||
walletbitcoinwallet: "El monedero Bitcoin para Android es fácil de usar y de confianza, además de segura y rápida. Su visión es la de descentralización y confianza cero: Ningún servicio central es necesario para las operaciones Bitcoin. La app es una buena opción para personas sin conocimientos técnicos. También esta disponible para BlackBerry."
|
||||
|
@ -121,6 +120,7 @@ es:
|
|||
walletcoinbase: "Coinbase es un servicio de monedero web que pretende ser el más fácil de usar. También ofrece una version del monero para Android, herramientas para negocios e integración con cuentas bancarias estadounidenses para comprar y vender bitcoins."
|
||||
walletcoinkite: "Coinkite es un monedero web además de una tarjeta de débito con el propósito de ser de fácil uso. También funciona en navegadores móviles, cuenta con herramientas comerciales y terminales de pago para puntos de venta. Se trata de un monedero híbrido y una caja fuerte a su disposición."
|
||||
walletbitgo: "BitGo es un monedero multi-firma que ofrece los niveles de seguridad más altos. Cada transacción necesita dos firmas, que protege su bitcoin de ataques de malware o contra servidores. El usuario mantiene control de las llaves, para que BitGo no pueda obtener acceso al bitcoin. Es una selección buena para los usuarios no técnicos."
|
||||
walletgreenaddress: "GreenAddress es una cartera de múltiples firmas, amigable con el usuario, con una seguridad y privacidad mejorada. En ningún momento tus llaves se encuentran en el lado del servidor, ni siquiera encriptadas. Por razones de seguridad, tu siempre debes utilizar 2FA y la extensión de tu navegador o la aplicación de Android."
|
||||
walletdownload: "<a href=\"#download#\">Descargar</a>"
|
||||
walletvisit: "Ir al sitio"
|
||||
walletwebwarning: "¡Ten cuidado!"
|
||||
|
@ -132,14 +132,11 @@ es:
|
|||
title: "Desarrollo - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Desarrollo de Bitcoin"
|
||||
summary: "Encuentre más informaciónn sobre las especificaciones actuales, software y desarrolladores."
|
||||
spec: "Especificación"
|
||||
spectxt: "Si usted está interesado en aprender más acerca de los detalles técnicos de Bitcoin, le recomendamos empezar con estos documentos."
|
||||
speclink1: "<a href=\"/bitcoin_es_latam.pdf\">Bitcoin: Un Sistema de Dinero Electrónico Punto a Punto</a>"
|
||||
speclink2: "<a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Protocol_rules\">Reglas del protocolo</a>"
|
||||
speclink3: "<a href=\"https://es.bitcoin.it/wiki/Página_principal\">Wiki de Bitcoin </a>"
|
||||
spec: "Documentación"
|
||||
spectxt: "Si está interesado en conocer más acerca de los detalles técnicos de Bitcoin y como utilizar las herramientas existentes y APIS, le recomendamos comenzar explorando la <a href=\"/en/developer-documentation\">documentación del desarrollador</a>."
|
||||
coredev: "Desarrolladores principales"
|
||||
disclosure: "Cuidados con la revelación de datos"
|
||||
disclosuretxt: "Si encuentra una vulnerabilidad no crítica relacionada con Bitcoin, puede enviarla en Inglés a los programadores principales o enviarla a la lista de correo privada <a href=\"mailto:bitcoin-security@lists.sourceforge.net\">bitcoin-security@lists.sourceforge.net</a>. Un ejemplo de vulnerabilidad no crítica sería un ataque de denegación de servicio. Las vulnerabilidades críticas que sean demasiado delicadas para enviar por correo no encriptado deben enviarse a uno o más de los programadores principales, encriptado con su clave(s) PGP."
|
||||
disclosuretxt: "Si usted encuentra una vulnerabilidad no crucial relacionada con Bitcoin, puede enviarla en idioma inglés a los programadores principales o enviarla a la lista de correos privada indicada anteriormente. Un ejemplo de vulnerabilidad no crucial sería un ataque de denegación de servicio que sería muy caro de llevar a cabo. Las vulnerabilidades cruciales que sean demasiado delicadas para enviar por correo no encriptado deben enviarse a uno o más de los programadores principales encriptada con su(s) clave(s) PGP."
|
||||
involve: "Involúcrese"
|
||||
involvetxt1: "El desarrollo de Bitcoin es de código abierto y cualquier desarrollador puede contribuir con el proyecto. Todo lo que necesita está en el <a href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin\">repositorio GitHub</a>. Por favor asegúrese de leer y seguir el proceso de desarrollo descrito en el README, así como de proveer código de alta calidad y respetar las directrices."
|
||||
involvetxt2: "Las discusiones de desarrollo se llevan a cabo en GitHub y en la lista de correo <a href=\"http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/forum.php?forum_name=bitcoin-development\">bitcoin-development</a> en sourceforge. Las discusiones menos formales sobre el desarrollo se realizan en el canal #bitcoin-dev de irc.freenode.net (<a href=\"#\" onclick=\"freenodeShow(event);\">interfaz web</a>, <a href=\"http://bitcoinstats.com\">registro</a>)."
|
||||
|
@ -156,8 +153,8 @@ es:
|
|||
downloadsig: "Verifique las firmas de las versiones"
|
||||
sourcecode: "Obtener el código de origen"
|
||||
versionhistory: "Mostrar historial de versiones"
|
||||
notelicense: "Bitcoin Core es un proyecto <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/about/what-is-free-software\">gratuito de código abierto</a> impulsado por la comunidad, liberado bajo la licencia <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\">MIT</a>."
|
||||
notesync: "La sincronización inicial con Bitcoin Core puede tardar varias horas o días. Asegurese de que dispone de suficiente ancho de banda y espacio en disco para bajar la <a href=\"http://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">cadena de bloques</a> completa. Si sabe como descargar un archivo torrent, puede acelerar el proceso colocando <a href=\"/bin/blockchain/bootstrap.dat.torrent\">bootstrap.dat</a> (una versión antigua de la cadena de bloques) en el directorio de Bitcoin Core antes de iniciar el programa."
|
||||
notelicense: "Bitcoin Core es un proyecto <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/about/what-is-free-software\">gratuito de código abierto</a> impulsado por la comunidad, liberado bajo la licencia <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\">MIT</a>."
|
||||
notesync: "La sincronización inicial con Bitcoin Core puede tomar un largo tiempo. Asegurese de que dispone de suficiente ancho de banda y espacio en disco para bajar la <a href=\"https://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">cadena de bloques</a> completa. Si sabe como descargar un archivo torrent, puede acelerar el proceso colocando <a href=\"/bin/blockchain/bootstrap.dat.torrent\">bootstrap.dat</a> (una versión antigua de la cadena de bloques) en el directorio de Bitcoin Core antes de iniciar el programa."
|
||||
patient: "Debe tener paciencia"
|
||||
events:
|
||||
title: "Conferencias y eventos - Bitcoin"
|
||||
|
@ -184,7 +181,7 @@ es:
|
|||
howitworkstxt1: "Desde la perspectiva del usuario, Bitcoin no es más que una aplicación móvil o de escritorio que provee un monedero Bitcoin personal y permite al usuario enviar y recibir bitcoins con el. Así es como funciona Bitcoin para la mayoría de los usuarios."
|
||||
howitworkstxt2: "Detrás de las cámaras, la red Bitcoin comparte una contabilidad pública llamada \"block chain\". Esta contabilidad contiene cada transacción procesada, permitiendo verificar la validez de cada transacción. La autenticidad de cada transacción esta protegida por firmas digitales correspondientes a las direcciones de envío, permitiendo a todos los usuarios tener control total al enviar Bitcoins desde sus direcciones Bitcoin. Además, cualquiera puede procesar una transacción usando el poder computacional de hardware especializado y conseguir una recompensa en Bitcoins por este servicio. Esto es comúnmente llamado \"mining\" o minería. Para aprender más sobre Bitcoin, puedes consultar la <a href=\"#how-it-works#\">página dedicada</a> y el <a href=\"/bitcoin_es_latam.pdf\">documento original</a>."
|
||||
used: "¿Lo utiliza realmente la gente?"
|
||||
usedtxt1: "Sí. Existe un <a href=\"http://usebitcoins.info/\">número creciente de negocios</a> e individuos usando Bitcoin. Esto incluye negocios tradicionales como restaurantes, casas, bufetes de abogados y servicios de Internet populares como Namecheap, Wordpress, Reddit y Flattr. Aunque Bitcoin sigue siendo un fenómeno relativamente nuevo, esta creciendo rápido. A finales de Agosto de 2013, el <a href=\"http://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\">valor de todos los bitcoins en circulación</a> superaba los 1.5 billones de dólares y cada día se intercambiaban el equivalente a millones de dólares en bitcoins."
|
||||
usedtxt1: "Sí. Existe un <a href=\"http://usebitcoins.info/\">número creciente de negocios</a> e individuos usando Bitcoin. Esto incluye negocios tradicionales como restaurantes, casas, bufetes de abogados y servicios de Internet populares como Namecheap, Wordpress, Reddit y Flattr. Aunque Bitcoin sigue siendo un fenómeno relativamente nuevo, esta creciendo rápido. A finales de Agosto de 2013, el <a href=\"https://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\">valor de todos los bitcoins en circulación</a> superaba los 1.5 billones de dólares y cada día se intercambiaban el equivalente a millones de dólares en bitcoins."
|
||||
acquire: "¿Cómo se adquieren bitcoins?"
|
||||
acquireli1: "Como pago por bienes o servicios."
|
||||
acquireli2: "Compre bitcoins en una <a href=\"http://howtobuybitcoins.info\">casa de cambio de Bitcoin</a>."
|
||||
|
@ -198,10 +195,10 @@ es:
|
|||
advantagesli2: "<em><b>Tasas muy bajas</b></em> - Los pagos con Bitcoin son actualmente procesados con tasas bajas o sin tasa alguna. Los usuarios pueden incluir una tasa en sus transacciones para recibir prioridad en el procesamiento de estas, lo que resulta en una confirmación más rápida de las transacciones por parte de la red. Además, los procesadores mercantiles están para asesorar en los procesos de transacción a los comerciantes, convirtiendo bitcoins a la moneda fiduciaria y depositando fondos directamente en la cuenta bancaria del comerciante diariamente. Como estos servicios están basados en Bitcoin, son ofrecidos con cargos mucho más bajos que los que ofrecen PayPal o las redes de tarjetas de crédito."
|
||||
advantagesli3: "<em><b>Menores riesgos para los comerciantes</b></em> - Las transacciones con Bitcoin son seguras, irreversibles, y no contienen datos personales y privados de los clientes. Esto protege a comerciantes contra pérdidas ocasionadas por el fraude o devolución fraudulenta, y no es necesario el cumplimiento de las normas PCI. Asimismo, los comerciantes pueden operar en nuevos mercados en los que las tarjetas de crédito no están disponibles o los niveles de fraude sean demasiado elevados. Esto conlleva a mejores comisiones, mercados más extensos y menos costes administrativos."
|
||||
advantagesli4: "<em><b>Seguridad y control</b></em> - Los usuarios de Bitcoin tienen completo control sobre sus transacciones; es imposible que los comerciantes fuercen cargos no deseados o detectados, como puede suceder con otros métodos de pago. Los pagos de Bitcoin pueden realizarse sin que estén asociados a información de carácter personal. Esto ofrece un alto nivel de protección contra el robo de identidad. Los usuarios de Bitcoin también pueden proteger su dinero con copias de seguridad y encriptación."
|
||||
advantagesli5: "<em><b>Neutral y transparente</b></em> - <a href=\"http://blockexplorer.com/\">Toda la información</a> sobre el suministro de Bitcoin esta disponible en la cadena de bloques para cualquiera que quiera verificarlo y usarlo. Ningún individuo u organización puede controlar o manipular el protocolo Bitcoin porque es criptográficamente seguro. Se puede confiar en Bitcoin por ser completamente neutral, transparente y fiable."
|
||||
advantagesli5: "<em><b>Neutral y transparente</b></em> - <a href=\"https://www.biteasy.com/\">Toda la información</a> sobre el suministro de Bitcoin esta disponible en la cadena de bloques para cualquiera que quiera verificarlo y usarlo. Ningún individuo u organización puede controlar o manipular el protocolo Bitcoin porque es criptográficamente seguro. Se puede confiar en Bitcoin por ser completamente neutral, transparente y fiable."
|
||||
disadvantages: "¿Cuáles son las desventajas de Bitcoin?"
|
||||
disadvantagesli1: "<em><b>Grado de aceptación</b></em> - Mucha gente no conoce aún Bitcoin. Cada día, más negocios aceptan Bitcoin para aprovechar sus ventajas, pero la lista aún es pequeña y necesita crecer para que puedan beneficiarse de su <a href=\"http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efecto_de_red\">efecto de red</a>."
|
||||
disadvantagesli2: "<em><b>Volatilidad</b></em> - El <a href=\"http://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\">valor total</a> de bitcoins en circulación y el número de negocios usando Bitcoin son muy pequeños comparado con lo que puede llegar a ser. Por lo tanto, eventos relativamente pequeños, intercambios o actividades empresariales afectan significativamente en el precio. En teoría, esta volatilidad decrecerá conforme el mercado y la tecnología Bitcoin madure. Nunca antes se ha visto una moneda naciente, por lo que es muy difícil (y excitante) imaginar que pasará."
|
||||
disadvantagesli1: "<em><b>Grado de aceptación</b></em> - Mucha gente no conoce aún Bitcoin. Cada día, más negocios aceptan Bitcoin para aprovechar sus ventajas, pero la lista aún es pequeña y necesita crecer para que puedan beneficiarse de su <a href=\"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efecto_de_red\">efecto de red</a>."
|
||||
disadvantagesli2: "<em><b>Volatilidad</b></em> - El <a href=\"https://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\">valor total</a> de bitcoins en circulación y el número de negocios usando Bitcoin son muy pequeños comparado con lo que puede llegar a ser. Por lo tanto, eventos relativamente pequeños, intercambios o actividades empresariales afectan significativamente en el precio. En teoría, esta volatilidad decrecerá conforme el mercado y la tecnología Bitcoin madure. Nunca antes se ha visto una moneda naciente, por lo que es muy difícil (y excitante) imaginar que pasará."
|
||||
disadvantagesli3: "<em><b>Desarrollo en curso</b></em> - El software de Bitcoin aún esta en fase beta con muchas características incompletas en desarrollo. Se están desarrollando nuevas herramientas, características y servicios para hacer Bitcoin mas seguro y accesible a las masas. Muchos aún no están listos para el público. La mayoría de negocios con Bitcoin son nuevos y no ofrecen seguridad. En general, Bitcoin aún esta en proceso de maduración."
|
||||
trust: "¿Porqué la gente confía en Bitcoin?"
|
||||
trusttxt1: "Mucha de la confianza en Bitcoin viene del hecho de que no requiere confianza. Bitcoin es completamente de código abierto y descentralizado. Esto significa que cualquiera tiene acceso al código completo en cualquier momento. Cualquier desarollador en el mundo puede verificar como funciona. Todas las transacciones y bitcoins creados durante su existencia pueden ser consultados claramente en tiempo real por cualquier persona. Todos los pagos pueden hacerse sin depender de terceros y todo el sistema esta protegido por algoritmos criptográficos revisados por usuarios, parecido a lo que se utiliza en banca electrónica. Ninguna organización ni individuo puede controlar Bitcoin y la red permanece segura aunque no se pueda confiar en todos sus usuarios."
|
||||
|
@ -219,7 +216,7 @@ es:
|
|||
scaletxt1: "La red Bitcoin puede procesar muchísimas más transacciones por segundo de las que procesa hoy en día. Aún así, no esta preparada para saltar al nivel de las grandes tarjetas de crédito. Se está trabajando para elevar las limitaciones actuales y los requerimientos del futuro son bien conocidos. Desde la creación, cada aspecto de la red Bitcoin ha estado en un continuo proceso de maduración, optimización y especialización, y debería esperarse que permanezca de esa forma en los próximos años. Mientras el tráfico crece, mas usuarios de Bitcoin usarán clientes más ligeros y los nodos de la red ofrecerán un mejor servicio. Para mas información, visita la página de la wiki sobre <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Scalability\">Escalabilidad</a>."
|
||||
legal: "Legalidad"
|
||||
islegal: "¿Bitcoin es legal?"
|
||||
islegaltxt1: "Que se sepa, Bitcoin no se ha hecho ilegal por ley en la mayoría de terrtorios. Aún así, algunos territorios (como Argentina o Rusia) restringen o prohíben monedas extranjeras. Otros territorios (como Tailandia) pueden limitar la libertad de ciertas entidades como los intercambios de Bitcoin. "
|
||||
islegaltxt1: "Que se sepa, <a href=\"http://bitlegal.io/\">Bitcoin no se ha hecho ilegal</a> por ley en la mayoría de terrtorios. Aún así, algunos territorios (como Argentina o Rusia) restringen o prohíben monedas extranjeras. Otros territorios (como Tailandia) pueden limitar la libertad de ciertas entidades como los intercambios de Bitcoin."
|
||||
islegaltxt2: "Reguladores de varios territorios están tomando medidas para proveer a individuos y negocios con reglas acerca de como integrar esta nueva tecnología al regulado y convencional sistema financiero. Por ejemplo, la Red de Protección de Crímenes Financieros (FinCEN), una oficina del Ministerio de Hacienda de Estados Unidos, emitió una guía sobre como caracterizan ciertas actividades que involucran monedas virtuales."
|
||||
illegalactivities: "¿Es útil Bitcoin para realizar actividades ilegales?"
|
||||
illegalactivitiestxt1: "Bitcoin es dinero y el dinero siempre ha sido usado para propósitos legales e ilegales. Efectivo, tarjetas de credito y los sistemas bancarios superan ampliamente a Bitcoin a la hora de financiar el crimen. Bitcoin puede traer innovación a los sistemas de pago y los beneficios de tal innovación son considerados mucho mas valiosos que los potenciales inconvenientes."
|
||||
|
@ -244,7 +241,7 @@ es:
|
|||
whatpricetxt1: "El precio del bitcoin se determina por la oferta y la demanda. Cuando se incrementa la demanda de bitcoin, el precio sube, y cuando cae la demanda, cae el precio. Hay un número limitado de bitcoins en circulación y los nuevos bitcoins son creados a una velocidad predecible y decreciente, esto significa que la demanda debe seguir este nivel de inflación para mantener un precio estable. Debido a que Bitcoin es todavía un mercado relativamente pequeño comparado con lo que podrá llegar a ser, no es necesaria una significativa cantidad de dinero para mover el precio del mercado arriba o abajo, es por eso que el precio del bitcoin es todavía muy volatil"
|
||||
whatpriceimg1: "Precio del bitcoin, del 2011 al 2013:"
|
||||
worthless: "¿Pueden los bitcoins llegar a valer nada?"
|
||||
worthlesstxt1: "Sí. La historia esta llena de monedas que fracasaron y ya no se utilizan, como el <a href=\"http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_de_oro_alem%C3%A1n\">Marco Alemán</a> durante la Republica de Weimar y, mas recientemente, el <a href=\"http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_zimbabuense\">Dolar Zimbabuense</a>. Aunque el fracaso de las anteriores monedas ocurrió por la hiperinflación, lo cual es imposible que ocurra con Bitcoin, siempre existe la posibilidad de fracasos técnicos, competencia entre monedas, problemas políticos, etc. Como regla de oro básica, ninguna moneda debe considerarse libre de fracasos o malos tiempos. Bitcoin ha probado ser de confianza durante años desde su creación y tiene muchísimo potencial para que siga creciendo. Aún así, nadie es capaz de predecir cual será su futuro."
|
||||
worthlesstxt1: "Sí. La historia esta llena de monedas que fracasaron y ya no se utilizan, como el <a href=\"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_de_oro_alem%C3%A1n\">Marco Alemán</a> durante la Republica de Weimar y, mas recientemente, el <a href=\"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_zimbabuense\">Dolar Zimbabuense</a>. Aunque el fracaso de las anteriores monedas ocurrió por la hiperinflación, lo cual es imposible que ocurra con Bitcoin, siempre existe la posibilidad de fracasos técnicos, competencia entre monedas, problemas políticos, etc. Como regla de oro básica, ninguna moneda debe considerarse libre de fracasos o malos tiempos. Bitcoin ha probado ser de confianza durante años desde su creación y tiene muchísimo potencial para que siga creciendo. Aún así, nadie es capaz de predecir cual será su futuro."
|
||||
bubble: "¿Es Bitcoin una burbuja?"
|
||||
bubbletxt1: "Un rápido aumento en el precio no constituye una burbuja. Una sobrevaloración que dará lugar a una repentina corrección a la baja constituye una burbuja. Decisiones basadas en la acción humana individual de cientos de miles de participantes en el mercado es la causa de que el precio de bitcoin fluctúe mientras el mercado da con la formación del precio. Razones para cambios en los sentimientos pueden incluir pérdida de confianza en Bitcoin, una amplia diferencia entre valor y precio no basada en los fundamentos de la economía Bitcoin, aumento de la cobertura de la prensa estimulando demanda especulativa, miedo a la incertidumbre, y las viejas euforia absurda y avaricia."
|
||||
ponzi: "¿Es el Bitcoin una estafa piramidal?"
|
||||
|
@ -274,7 +271,7 @@ es:
|
|||
poweredoff: "¿Qué pasa si recibo un bitcoin cuando mi ordenador está apagado?"
|
||||
poweredofftxt1: "Funciona correctamente. Los bitcoins aparecerán la próxima vez que abras tu monedero. Los bitcoins realmente no los recibe este software, sino que son añadidos a un libro de contabilidad público compartido con todos los dispositivos de la red. Si enviaste bitcoins cuando el programa de tu cartera estaba apagado y lo abres después, descargará los bloques y se pondrá al día con todas las transacciones que no conocía, y los bitcoins aparecerán como si los hubieras recibido en ese momento. Tu cartera solo es útil cuando desees gastar tus bitcoins."
|
||||
sync: "¿Qué significa \"sincronizando\" y por qué tarda tanto?"
|
||||
synctxt1: "El largo tiempo de sincronización solo es requerido con clientes de nodo completo como Bitcoin Core. Técnicamente hablando, sincronizar es el proceso de descargar y verificar todas las anteriores transacciones en la red Bitcoin. Para algunos clientes Bitcoin necesitan estar conscientes de las transacciones previas para calcular el saldo gastable de tu cartera Bitcoin y realizar nuevas transacciones. Este paso requiere muchos recursos y necesita suficiente conexión y almacenamiento para alojar el <a href=\"http://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">tamaño total de la cadena de bloques</a>. Para que Bitcoin permanezca seguro, suficiente gente debe seguir usando clientes de nodo completo porque realizan la tarea de validar y retransmitir transacciones."
|
||||
synctxt1: "El largo tiempo de sincronización solo es requerido con clientes de nodo completo como Bitcoin Core. Técnicamente hablando, sincronizar es el proceso de descargar y verificar todas las anteriores transacciones en la red Bitcoin. Para algunos clientes Bitcoin necesitan estar conscientes de las transacciones previas para calcular el saldo gastable de tu cartera Bitcoin y realizar nuevas transacciones. Este paso requiere muchos recursos y necesita suficiente conexión y almacenamiento para alojar el <a href=\"https://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">tamaño total de la cadena de bloques</a>. Para que Bitcoin permanezca seguro, suficiente gente debe seguir usando clientes de nodo completo porque realizan la tarea de validar y retransmitir transacciones."
|
||||
mining: "Minería"
|
||||
whatismining: "¿Qué es la minería bitcoin?"
|
||||
whatisminingtxt1: "Minar bitcoins es el proceso de invertir capacidad de computacional para procesar transacciones, garantizar la seguridad de la red, y conseguir que todos los participantes estén sincronizados. Podría describirse como el centro de datos de Bitcoin, excepto que este ha sido diseñado para ser completamente descentralizado con mineros operando en todos los países y sin que nadie tenga el control absoluto sobre la red. Este proceso se denomina \"minería\", como analogía a la minería del oro, ya que también es un mecanismo temporal utilizado para emitir nuevos bitcoins. No obstante, a diferencia de la minería del oro, la minería de Bitcoin ofrece una recompensa a cambio de servicios útiles que son necesarios para que la red de pagos funcione de manera segura. La minería de Bitcoin seguirá siendo necesaria hasta que se haya emitido el último bitcoin."
|
||||
|
@ -347,7 +344,7 @@ es:
|
|||
processing: "Procesamiento<a class=\"titlelight\"> - minería</a>"
|
||||
processingtxt: "La minería es un <b>sistema de consenso distribuido</b> que se utiliza para <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.confirmation]\"><i>confirmar</i></a> las transacciones pendientes a ser incluidas en la cadena de bloques. Hace cumplir un orden cronológico en la cadena de bloques, protege la neutralidad de la red y permite un acuerde entre todos los equipos sobre el estado del sistema. Para confirmar las transacciones, deberán ser empacadas en un <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.block]\"><i>bloque</i></a> que se ajuste a estrictas normas de cifrado y que será verificado por la red. Estas normas impiden que cualquier bloque anterior se modifique, ya que hacerlo invalidaría todos los bloques siguientes. La minería también crea el equivalente a una lotería competitiva que impide que cualquier persona pueda fácilmente añadir nuevos bloques consecutivamente en la cadena de bloques. De esta manera, ninguna persona puede controlar lo que está incluido en la cadena de bloques o reemplazar partes de la cadena de bloques para revertir sus propios gastos."
|
||||
readmore: "¿ Hasta qué punto estás dispuesto a descubrir más ?"
|
||||
readmoretxt: "Esto es sólo un resumen muy breve y conciso del sistema. Si quieres conocer mas los detalles, puedes leer el <a href=\"/bitcoin_es_latam.pdf\">artículo original</a> que describe el diseño del sistema, y explorar la <a href=\"https://es.bitcoin.it/\">wiki de Bitcoin</a>."
|
||||
readmoretxt: "Esto es sólo un resumen muy corto y sumario del sistema. Si quiere conocer más detalles, usted puede <a href=\"/bitcoin.pdf\">leer el documento original</a> que explica la estructura del sistema, leer la <a href=\"/en/developer-documentation\">documentación para desarrolladores (en inglés)</a> o investigar la <a href=\"https://es.bitcoin.it/wiki/Página_principal\">wiki de Bitcoin</a>."
|
||||
index:
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin - Dinero P2P de código abierto"
|
||||
listintro: "Bitcoin es una innovadora red de pagos y una nueva clase de dinero."
|
||||
|
@ -368,13 +365,13 @@ es:
|
|||
global: "Accesibilidad global"
|
||||
globaltext: "Todos los pagos en el mundo pueden ser totalmente interoperables. Bitcoin permite a cualquier banco, negocio o individuo enviar y recibir pagos de forma segura en cualquier momento y lugar, con o sin una cuenta bancaria. Bitcoin está disponible en muchos países que aún permanecen fuera del alance de algunos sistemas de pago debido a sus propias limitaciones. Bitcoin aumenta el acceso global al comercio y puede ayudar a que más comercios internacionales prosperen."
|
||||
cost: "Optimizar costes"
|
||||
costtext: "Con el uso de la criptografía, los pagos son seguros sin la necesidad de intermediarios. Una transacción Bitcoin es mucho más barata que otras alternativas y puede ser realizada en menos tiempo. Esto significa que Bitcoin tiene potencial para ser una manera común de hacer transacciones desde cualquier moneda . Bitcoin podría incluso desempeñar un papel importante a la hora de reducir la pobreza en el mundo, eliminando las altas tasas que muchos trabajadores deben pagar al cobrar su salario."
|
||||
costtext: "Con el uso de la criptografía, los pagos son seguros sin la necesidad de intermediarios. Una transacción Bitcoin es mucho más barata que otras alternativas y puede ser realizada en menos tiempo. Esto significa que Bitcoin tiene potencial para ser una manera común de hacer transacciones desde cualquier moneda . Bitcoin podría incluso desempeñar un papel importante a la hora de <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrRXP1tp6Kw\">reducir la pobreza</a> en el mundo, eliminando las altas tasas que muchos trabajadores deben pagar al cobrar su salario."
|
||||
donation: "Donaciones y propinas"
|
||||
donationtext: "Bitcoin ha sido una solución eficiente para efectuar propinas y donaciones. Enviar un pago solo requiere un clic y recibir donaciones es tan simple como mostrar el código QR. Las donaciones pueden ser visibles al público, otorgando un grado de transparencia a las organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro. En casos de emergencia como desastres naturales, las donaciones realizadas vía Bitcoin podrían contribuir a una rápida respuesta internacional."
|
||||
crowdfunding: "Financiación colectíva"
|
||||
crowdfundingtext: "A pesar de que aún no es fácil de usar, Bitcoin puede usarse para campañas crowdfunding, donde personas prestan dinero a un proyecto el cual solo será enviado si se alcanza el objetivo establecido. Tales contratos de garantía son procesados por el protocolo Bitcoin, el cual previene que una transacción se lleve a cabo hasta que todas las condiciones hayan sido cumplidas. <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Contracts#Example_3:_Assurance_contracts\">Aprende más</a> sobre la tecnología detrás del crowdfunding."
|
||||
micro: "Micropagos"
|
||||
microtext: "Bitcoin puede procesar pagos de 1 dólar e incluso menores cantidades. Tales pagos se realizan a todas horas. Imagine escuchar por Internet la radio pagando por segundo, ver páginas webs con una pequeña propina por cada anuncio no mostrado o pagar por kilobyte al conectarte a un punto de acceso WiFi. Bitcoin puede hacer posibles esos conceptos. <a href=\"https://code.google.com/p/bitcoinj/wiki/WorkingWithMicropayments\">Aprende más</a> sobre la tecnología detrás de los micro pagos con Bitcoin."
|
||||
microtext: "Bitcoin puede procesar pagos de 1 dólar e incluso menores cantidades. Tales pagos se realizan a todas horas. Imagine escuchar por Internet la radio pagando por segundo, ver páginas webs con una pequeña propina por cada anuncio no mostrado o pagar por kilobyte al conectarte a un punto de acceso WiFi. Bitcoin puede hacer posibles esos conceptos. <a href=\"https://bitcoinj.github.io/working-with-micropayments\">Aprende más</a> sobre la tecnología detrás de los micro pagos con Bitcoin."
|
||||
mediation: "Mediación de disputas"
|
||||
mediationtext: "Bitcoin puede usarse para desarrollar servicios de mediación usando múltiples firmas. Tales servicios podrían hacer posible que una tercera persona aprobara o rechazara una transacción en caso de desacuerdo entre dos personas sin tener control del dinero. Como este servicio sería compatible con cualquier usuario y comerciante que usara Bitcoin, conduciría a la competencia libre y a mayores estándares de calidad."
|
||||
multisig: "Direcciones de firma múltiple"
|
||||
|
@ -397,7 +394,7 @@ es:
|
|||
pagetitle: "Proteja su privacidad"
|
||||
pagedesc: "A menudo se piensa que Bitcoin es una red de pagos anónima. Pero en realidad, Bitcoin es probablemente la red de pagos más transparente del mundo. Al mismo tiempo, Bitcoin puede proveer un nivel de privacidad si se utiliza correctamente. <b>Recuerde que es siempre su responsabilidad adoptar buenas prácticas para proteger su privacidad</b>."
|
||||
traceable: "Entendiendo la trazabilidad de Bitcoin"
|
||||
traceabletxt: "Bitcoin trabaja con un nivel de transparencia sin precedentes que la mayoría de la gente no está acostumbrada. Todas las transacciones de Bitcoin son públicas, rastreables, y permanentemente almacenadas en la red Bitcoin. Las direcciones Bitcoin son la única información usada para definir donde se encuentran y donde han sido enviados los bitcoins. Estas direcciones son creadas de forma privada por el monedero del usuario. Sin embargo, una vez que se utilizan, estas son manchadas por la historia de todas las transacciones involucradas. Cualquier persona puede ver el <a href=\"http://blockexplorer.com\">saldo y operaciones</a> de cualquier dirección. Dado que los usuarios usualmente tienen que revelar su identidad para recibir bienes o servicios, las direcciones Bitcoin no pueden permanecer completamente anónimas. Es por esa razón que las direcciones Bitcoin deberían ser usadas una única vez y no ser descuidado para no revelar sus direcciones."
|
||||
traceabletxt: "Bitcoin trabaja con un nivel de transparencia sin precedentes que la mayoría de la gente no está acostumbrada. Todas las transacciones de Bitcoin son públicas, rastreables, y permanentemente almacenadas en la red Bitcoin. Las direcciones Bitcoin son la única información usada para definir donde se encuentran y donde han sido enviados los bitcoins. Estas direcciones son creadas de forma privada por el monedero del usuario. Sin embargo, una vez que se utilizan, estas son manchadas por la historia de todas las transacciones involucradas. Cualquier persona puede ver el <a href=\"https://www.biteasy.com\">saldo y operaciones</a> de cualquier dirección. Dado que los usuarios usualmente tienen que revelar su identidad para recibir bienes o servicios, las direcciones Bitcoin no pueden permanecer completamente anónimas. Es por esa razón que las direcciones Bitcoin deberían ser usadas una única vez y no ser descuidado para no revelar sus direcciones."
|
||||
receive: "Use nuevas direcciones para recibir pagos"
|
||||
receivetxt: "Para proteger su seguridad, debería utilizar una dirección Bitcoin nueva para cada pago recibido. Además, puede utilizar múltiples monederos para fines distintos. De esta manera le es posible aislar cada una de sus transacciones de forma que no sea posible asociarlas entre si. Las personas que le envíen dinero no podrán averiguar que otras direcciones posee y que hace con ellas. Trate de tener en cuenta esta recomendación."
|
||||
send: "Usa direcciones de cambio cuando envíes pagos"
|
||||
|
@ -456,7 +453,7 @@ es:
|
|||
offlinetxtxt2: "Crear una nueva transacción en el ordenador online y guardarla en una memoria USB."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt3: "Firmar la transacción con el computador fuera de línea."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt4: "Enviar la transacción firmada con el computador en línea."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt5: "Como el ordenador que está conectado a la red no puede firmar transacciones, este no podría ser utilizado para retirar fondos si se ve comprometido. <a href=\"http://bitcoinarmory.com/about/using-our-wallet/#offlinewallet\">Armory</a> puede ser utilizado para firmar transacciones offline."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt5: "Como el ordenador que está conectado a la red no puede firmar transacciones, este no podría ser utilizado para retirar fondos si se ve comprometido. <a href=\"https://bitcoinarmory.com/about/using-our-wallet/#offlinewallet\">Armory</a> puede ser utilizado para firmar transacciones offline."
|
||||
hardwarewallet: "Monederos fisicos"
|
||||
hardwarewallettxt: "Las carteras físicas son el mejor equilibrio entre seguridad y facilidad de uso. Son pequeños dispositivos que están diseñados desde la raíz para ser una cartera y nada mas. No se puede instalar software, haciéndolos muy seguros frente a las vulnerabilidades de un ordenador o ladrones de internet. Al permitir hacer copias de seguridad, puedes recuperar tus fondos si pierdes el dispositivo."
|
||||
hardwarewalletsoon: "Al día de hoy, ningun modero físico ha entrado en producción, pero pronto lo harán:"
|
||||
|
@ -498,7 +495,7 @@ es:
|
|||
address: "Dirección"
|
||||
addresstxt: "Una direccion Bitcoin es <b>parecida a una dirección física o correo electrónico</b>. Es la única información que tiene que dar a alguien para recibir un pago en Bitcoin. Sin embargo, hay una diferencia importante, y es que cada dirección sólo debería usarse para una transacción."
|
||||
bitcoin: "Bitcoin"
|
||||
bitcointxt: "Bitcoin - con B mayúscula, se utiliza para describir el concepto de Bitcoin, o la totalidad de la red. Por ejemplo: \"Hoy estuve aprendiendo sobre el protocolo Bitcoin.\"<br>bitcoin - sin mayúscula, se utiliza para describir una unidad del mismo. Por ejemplo: \"Hoy he enviado diez bitcoins.\"; a menudo se abrevia como BTC o XBT"
|
||||
bitcointxt: "Bitcoin - con B mayúscula, se utiliza para describir el concepto de Bitcoin, o la totalidad de la red. Por ejemplo: \"Hoy estuve aprendiendo sobre el protocolo Bitcoin.\"<br>bitcoin - sin mayúscula, se utiliza para describir una unidad del mismo. Por ejemplo: \"Hoy he enviado diez bitcoins.\"; a menudo se abrevia como BTC o XBT."
|
||||
blockchain: "Cadena de bloques"
|
||||
blockchaintxt: "La cadena de bloques es un <b>registro público de las transacciones Bitcoin</b> en orden cronológico. La cadena de bloques se comparte entre todos los usuarios de Bitcoin. Se utiliza para verificar la estabilidad de las transacciones Bitcoin y para prevenir el <a href=\"#[vocabulary.doublespend]\">doble gasto</a>."
|
||||
block: "Bloque"
|
||||
|
@ -540,7 +537,7 @@ es:
|
|||
experimental: "Bitcoin todavía es experimental"
|
||||
experimentaltxt: "Bitcoin es una nueva moneda experimental que está en desarrollo activo. Aunque cada vez es menos experimental al crecer su uso, usted debe tener en cuenta que Bitcoin es una nueva invención que está explorando ideas que nunca antes se han intentado. Como tal, su futuro no se puede predecir por nadie."
|
||||
tax: "Impuestos y regulaciones"
|
||||
taxtxt: "Bitcoin no es una moneda oficial. Dicho esto, en la mayoría de los territorios usted tendrá que pagar renta, nóminas y los impuestos sobre ganancias en todo lo que tenga valor, incluyendo bitcoins. Es su responsabilidad asegurarse de aplicar los impuestos y otras regulaciones publicadas por su gobierno o municipio."
|
||||
taxtxt: "Bitcoin no es una moneda oficial. Dicho esto, en la mayoría de los territorios usted tendrá que pagar renta, nóminas y los impuestos sobre ganancias en todo lo que tenga valor, incluyendo bitcoins. Es su responsabilidad asegurarse de aplicar los <a href=\"http://bitlegal.io/\">impuestos y otras regulaciones</a> publicadas por su gobierno o municipio."
|
||||
layout:
|
||||
menu-about-us: "Acerca de bitcoin.org"
|
||||
menu-bitcoin-for-businesses: Empresas
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ fa:
|
|||
visibility: "مقداری قابلیت دیده شدن رایگان دریافت کنید"
|
||||
visibilitytext: "بیت کوین یک بازار در حال ظهور از مشتریان جدیدی است که به دنبال راه هایی برای خرج سکه هایشان می گردند.پذیرفتن آن ها یک راه خوب برای جذب مشتریان جدید می باشد و به کسب و کار شما مقداری اجازه ی دیده شدن می دهد. پذیرفتن یک روش پرداخت جدید همیشه یک عمل هوشمندانه برای کسب و کار های آنلاین نشان داده می شود."
|
||||
multisig: "چند امضائه"
|
||||
multisigtext: "بیت کوین همچنین ویژگیی دارد ، که هنوز خیلی شناخته شده نیست ، که به سکه ها این امکان را می دهد که تنها اگر یک زیر مجموعه از یک گروه از مردم تراکنش را امضا کنند (به اصطلاح \"n از m\" تراکنش) خرج شوند. این معادل سیستم چک چند امضائه ی خوب قدیمی است که ممکن است امروزه هنوز در بانک ها استفاده کنید."
|
||||
multisigtext: "بیت کوین همچنین ویژگیی دارد ، که هنوز خیلی شناخته شده نیست ، که به سکه ها این امکان را می دهد که تنها اگر یک زیر مجموعه از یک گروه از مردم تراکنش را امضا کنند (به اصطلاح \"m از n\" تراکنش) خرج شوند. این معادل سیستم چک چند امضائه ی خوب قدیمی است که ممکن است امروزه هنوز در بانک ها استفاده کنید."
|
||||
transparency: "شفافیت در حساب داری"
|
||||
transparencytext: "سازمان های زیادی نیاز به تولید پرونده های حساب داری در مورد فعالیتشان و اتخاذ شیوه های خوب شفافیت دارند. استفاده از بیت کوین بالاترین سطح شفافیت را ارائه می دهد ، از آنجایی که مانده حساب و تراکنش های شما برای اعضایتان عمومی است تا زمانی که شما آن ها را از آدرس های بیت کوینتان با خبر سازید."
|
||||
bitcoin-for-developers:
|
||||
|
@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ fa:
|
|||
reddit: "Reddit انجمن بیت کوین"
|
||||
stackexchange: "Bitcoin StackExchange (پرسش و پاسخ)"
|
||||
irc: "چت IRC"
|
||||
ircjoin: "IRC Channels on <a href=\"http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=bitcoin&uio=d4\">freenode</a>."
|
||||
ircjoin: "IRC Channels on <a href=\"https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=bitcoin&uio=d4\">freenode</a>."
|
||||
chanbitcoin: "(چیز های عمومی مرتبط با بیت کوین)"
|
||||
chandev: "(توسعه و فنی)"
|
||||
chanotc: "(حول تبادل شمارنده)"
|
||||
|
@ -128,7 +128,6 @@ fa:
|
|||
pagetitle: "کیف پولتان را انتخاب کنید"
|
||||
summary: "کیف پول بیت کوین به شما اجازه می دهد که با دنیا معامله کنید. به شما مالکیت <i> آدرسهای </i> بیت کوین را می دهد تا شما بتوانید از دیگر کاربران کوین دریافت کنید و به شما اجازه می دهد این کوین ها را بفرستید. دقیقا شبیه ایمیل، شما میتوانید وقتی Offline هستید بیت کوین دریافت کنید، و همه کیف پولها با هم سازگارند. قبل از اینکه کار با بیت کوین را شروع کنید، <b> مطمئن شوید که <a href=\"#you-need-to-know#\"> آن چه باید بدانید</a></b>را خوانده اید."
|
||||
getstarted: "سریع و آسان شروع کنید"
|
||||
getstartedsum: "اگر شما عضو جدید بیت کوین هستید، این کیف پول ها یک جای خوب برای شروع است."
|
||||
getstarteddesk: "<a href=\"https://multibit.org/\"><b>MultiBit</b></a> یک برنامه ی کاربردی است که شما میتوانید برای Windows، Mac و Linux دانلود کنید."
|
||||
getstartedmobi: "<a href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.schildbach.wallet\"><b>Bitcoin Wallet</b></a> برای اندروید روی گوشی یا تبلت شما قابل اجراست."
|
||||
bethenetwork: "بخشی از شبکه بیت کوین باشید"
|
||||
|
@ -144,10 +143,7 @@ fa:
|
|||
walletarmory: "Armory یک کلاینت پیشرفته بیت کوین است که روی Bitcoin Core اجرا می شود. ویژگی های آن را برای کاربران حرفه ای بیت کوین توسعه می دهد. ویژگی های پشتیبان گیری و رمزگذاری بسیاری را ارائه می دهد و اجازه می دهد روی کامپیوترهای Offline، یک Cold-Storage یا ذخیره سازی سرد امن انجام شود."
|
||||
walletelectrum: "Electrum روی سرعت و ساده سازی همراه با استفاده کمتر از منابع تمرکز دارد. از سرور های راه دور استفاده می کند تا به بیشتر قسمت های پیچیده سیستم بیت کوین رسیدگی کند و به شما اجازه می دهد تا کیف پول خود را از راه یک عبارت محرمانه بازیابی کنید."
|
||||
walletbitcoinwallet: "Bitcoin Wallet یک کلاینت کم حجم تلفن همراه برای اندروید وسیستم عامل BlackBerry است. این کلاینت نیازی به همراه داشتن سرویس Online برای کار کردن ندارد. با اسکن کد QR و NFC سازگار است."
|
||||
walletblockchaininfomob: "Blockchain.info یک کیف پول هیبریدی تحت وب برای موبایل است. همچنین نسخه ای برای iPhone در حالت محدود متناسب با سیاست های اپل در دسترس است. این شامل بسیاری از ویژگی های اطلاعات زنجیره بلاک مانند پشتیبان گیری کیف پول تحت وب است."
|
||||
walletblockchaininfo: "Blockchain.info یک کیف پول هیبریدی کاربر پسند است. این کیف پول می تواند یک نسخه رمزگذاری شده از کیف پول Online شما را ذخیره کند ولی رمزگشایی در مرورگر شما اتفاق می افتد. شما باید همیشه برای دلایل امنیتی از اضافات مرورگر و پشتیبان گیری ایمیل استفاده کنید."
|
||||
walletpaytunia: "Paytunia یک کیف پول تحت وب برای موبایل است که توسط Paymium طراحی شده است و با Bitcoin-central کار می کند تا به شما حق تبدیل بیت کوین از موبایلتان را بدهد. این نرم افزار برای iPhone و Android می باشد. پشتیبانی آن به زودی راه اندازی می شود."
|
||||
walletbips: "BIPS یک سرویس کیف پول تحت وب از WalletBit است که اجازه می دهد بیت کوین ها را به راحتی در بیشتر کشورها خرید و فروش کنید، همچنین Cold Storage، ورود کیف پول و بسیاری از ویژگی های ابزارهای تجاری را ارائه می دهد."
|
||||
walletcoinbase: "Coinbase یک سرویس کیف پول تحت وب است که به این هدف که استفاده از آن آسان باشد بنا شده است. همچنین برنامه کاربردی کیف پول تحت وب برای اندروید، ابزارهای تجاری و انطباق با حساب های بانکی آمریکایی برای خرید و فروش بیت کوین ها را ارائه می دهد."
|
||||
walletdownload: "<a href=\"#download#\">دانلود</a>"
|
||||
walletvisit: "مشاهده وب سایت"
|
||||
|
@ -173,22 +169,15 @@ fa:
|
|||
pagetitle: "دانلود Bitcoin Core"
|
||||
latestversion: "آخرین نسخه :"
|
||||
download: "دانلود Bitcoin Core"
|
||||
downloadwinzip: "دانلود برای ویندوز (zip)"
|
||||
downloadwinexe: "دانلود برای ویندوز (exe)"
|
||||
downloadubu: "دانلود برای اوبونتو (PPA)"
|
||||
downloadlin: "دانلود برای لینوکس (tgz, 32/64-bit)"
|
||||
downloadmac: "دانلود برای Mac OS X"
|
||||
downloadsource: "کد منبع"
|
||||
versionhistory: "نمایش تاریخچه ی نسخه"
|
||||
notelicense: "Bitcoin Core یک پروژه ی <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/about/what-is-free-software\">متن باز رایگان</a> جامعه-محور است که تحت <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\"> گواهی نامه ی MIT</a> منتشر شده است."
|
||||
notesync: "<b>توجه</b>: همگام سازی اولیه ی Bitcoin Core می تواند برای کامل شدن یک روز به طول انجامد. شما باید مطمئن شوید که پهنای باند و حافظه کافی برای کل <a href=\"http://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\"> سایز blockchain</a> دارید."
|
||||
notelicense: "Bitcoin Core یک پروژه ی <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/about/what-is-free-software\">متن باز رایگان</a> جامعه-محور است که تحت <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\"> گواهی نامه ی MIT</a> منتشر شده است."
|
||||
notesync: "<b>توجه</b>: همگام سازی اولیه ی Bitcoin Core می تواند برای کامل شدن یک روز به طول انجامد. شما باید مطمئن شوید که پهنای باند و حافظه کافی برای کل <a href=\"https://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\"> سایز blockchain</a> دارید."
|
||||
how-it-works:
|
||||
title: "بیت کوین چگونه کار می کند؟ - بیت کوین"
|
||||
pagetitle: "بیت کوین چگونه کار می کند؟"
|
||||
intro: "خوب ، این سوالی است که گاهی سردرگمی ایجاد می کند. این جا یک توضیح سریع و مختصر داده می شود!"
|
||||
basics: "مبانی برای یک کاربر جدید"
|
||||
basicstxt1: "به عنوان یک کاربر جدید ، تنها نیاز دارید <a href=\"#choose-your-wallet#\">یک کیف پول انتخاب کنید</a> که آن را بر روی کامپیوتر یا تلفن همراه خود نصب خواهید کرد. هنگامی که کیف پول خود را نصب کردید ، این اولین آدرس بیت کوین شما را ایجاد خواهد کرد و شما می توانید هر وقت به یک آدرس دیگر نیاز داشتید باز هم درست کنید. شما می توانید یکی از آدرس های بیت کوین خود را برای دوستانتان آشکار کنید تا بتوانند برای شما پول واریز کنند و برعکس ، شما می توانید برای دوستانتان پول واریز کنید اگر آن ها آدرس هایشان را به شما بدهند. در حقیقت ، این بسیار شبیه کارکرد ایمیل است. پس تنها چیزی که برای انجام در این نقطه مانده است گرفتن مقداری بیت کوین و <a href=\"#secure-your-wallet#\">امن نگه داشتن آن ها</a> است. برای شروع استفاده از بیت کوین ، نیازی به فهمیدن جزئیات فنی ندارید."
|
||||
basicstxt2: "اما ، اگر می خواهید بیشتر بدانید ، به خواندن ادامه دهید!"
|
||||
balances: "مانده حساب ها <a class=\"titlelight\"> - زنجیره ی بلاک </a>"
|
||||
balancestxt: "زنجیره بلاک یک <Log <b تراکنش عمومی به اشتراک گذاشته شده است </b> که کل شبکه بیت کوین به آن متکی است. تمام تراکنش های تائید شده در زنجیره بلوک بدون استثنا گنجانده شده است. در این راه، تراکنشهای جدید می تواند تائید شود تا به مصرف بیت کوین ها برسد که در واقع متعلق به مصرف کننده است. یکپارچگی و ترتیب زمانی زنجیره بلاک با <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.cryptography]\"> رمزنگاری</a> میسر می شود."
|
||||
transactions: "تراکنش ها <a class=\"titlelight\"> - کلید های خصوصی </a>"
|
||||
|
@ -206,7 +195,7 @@ fa:
|
|||
list3: "هزینه های پردازش کم ویا صفر"
|
||||
list4: "و قابلیت های خیلی بیشتر"
|
||||
desc: "بیت کوین از تکنولوژی نظیر به نظیر برای انجام عمل بدون هیچ قدرت مرکزی استفاده می کند;مدیریت معاملات و صدور بیت کوین <b>جمعی توسط شبکه انجام می شود.</b>از طریق بسیاری از ویژگی های منجصر به فرد آن،بیت کوین اجازه استفاده های موجودی را میدهد که توسط سیستم های پرداخت قبلی به هیچ عنوان قابل پوشش و پاسخ دهی نبود."
|
||||
license: "این یک نرم افزار جامعه محور است<a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/about/what-is-free-software\">رایگان و متن باز</a>این پروژه تحت گواهینامه ی<a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\">MIT</a> منتشر شده."
|
||||
license: "این یک نرم افزار جامعه محور است<a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/about/what-is-free-software\">رایگان و متن باز</a>این پروژه تحت گواهینامه ی<a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\">MIT</a> منتشر شده."
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
title: "منابع - بیت کوین"
|
||||
pagetitle: "منابع بیت کوین"
|
||||
|
@ -249,19 +238,9 @@ fa:
|
|||
offlinetxtxt2: "یک تراکنش جدید در یک کامپیوتر آنلاین بسازید و آن را در یک کلید USB ذخیره کنید."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt3: "یک تراکنش را با یک کامپیوتر آفلاین امضا کنید."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt4: "تراکنش امضا شده را با کامپیوتر آنلاین ارسال کنید."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt5: "چون کامپیوتری که به شبکه متصل است نمی تواند تراکنش ها را امضا کند ، پس نمی تواند وجهی برداشت کند که حساب به خطر بیفتد. <a href=\"http://bitcoinarmory.com/about/using-our-wallet/#offlinewallet\">Armory</a>\n می تواند برای انجام امضای تراکنش های آفلاین مورد استفاده قرار گیرد."
|
||||
offlinetmp: "محیط موقت"
|
||||
offlinetmptxt: "این روش بارگذاری یک کیف پول داخل یک محیط موقت را دربر می گیرد. برای مثال ، ممکن است در یک سی دی لایو لینوکس بوت کنید ، از طریق یک کلید USB یک کیف پول SPV سبک بارگذاری کنید و یک تراکنش انجام دهید. وقتی کامپیوتر از یک محیط read-only مطمئن که تنها بر روی حافظه بارگذاری شده است بوت شود ، کدهای مخرب از سیستم شما دور شده و ردپایی از کیف پول شما بر روی هارد درایو به جا نمی ماند. همچنین باید بسیار مراقب نکات زیر باشید."
|
||||
offlinetmplose: "از دست دادن دارایی"
|
||||
offlinetmplosetxt: "یک محیط موقتی بهترین مکان برای از دست دادن دارایی برای همیشه است.اگر کیف پول شما به طور درست از یک رسانه ذخیره سازی خارجی دائمی مانند یک کلید USB بارگذاری نشود ، هرایجاد تغییری در کیف پول شما ممکن است باعث از دست رفتن آن به طور دائم شود. از جمله آدرس جدید بیت کوین که ممکن است در حین دوره ی موقتی برای رسیدن تغییرات آخرین تراکنش شما ساخته شود."
|
||||
offlinetmpmiss: "عدم تطابق گذرواژه"
|
||||
offlinetmpmisstxt: "بوت کردن در یک محیط موقتی ممکن است یک لایه ی متفاوت بر روی صفحه کلید شما اختصاص دهد که کاراکترهای متفاوت از آنچه انتظار می رود تولید کند. زمانی که از رمزگذاری استفاده می کنید ، این مسـأله باعث عدم تطابق گذرواژه می شود.شما می بایست رمز تایپ شده خود را روی صفحه ببینید تا از این مشکل جلوگیری کنید."
|
||||
offlinetmptrace: "هیچ ردپایی به جا نگذارید"
|
||||
offlinetmptracetxt: "تا زمانی که یک رسانه ذخیره سازی مانند هارد درایو به کامپیوتر متصل است، یک ریسک کم وجود دارد که مقداری رد پا از کلیدهای خصوصی شما بتواند باقی بماند.شما می بایست اتصال هر نوع هارد درایو را قطع کنید یا همه ی swap پارتیشن ها را قبل از بارگذاری کیف پولتان غیر فعال کنید. "
|
||||
offlinetxtxt5: "چون کامپیوتری که به شبکه متصل است نمی تواند تراکنش ها را امضا کند ، پس نمی تواند وجهی برداشت کند که حساب به خطر بیفتد. <a href=\"https://bitcoinarmory.com/about/using-our-wallet/#offlinewallet\">Armory</a>\n می تواند برای انجام امضای تراکنش های آفلاین مورد استفاده قرار گیرد."
|
||||
offlinemulti: "چند امضائه برای محافظت در برابر سرقت"
|
||||
offlinemultitxt: "بیت کوین شامل یک ویژگی چند امضائه است که اجازه می دهد که یک تراکنش به امضای بیش از یک کلید خصوصی برای انجام نیاز داشته باشد. این ویژگی با این حال تنها توسط کاربران فنی قابل استفاده است اما دسترسی گسترده تری از این ویژگی را در آینده می توان انتظار داشت. چند امضائه می تواند به یک سازمان این امکان را بدهد که اجازه ی دسترسی به خزانه را زمانی به اعضایش بدهد که یک برداشت تنها زمانی صورت گیرد که 3 تا از 5 عضو تراکنش را امضا کنند. این همچنین می تواند به کیف پول های آنلاین آینده اجازه دهد که یک آدرس چند امضائه را با کاربرانشان به اشتراک بگذارند ، بنابراین یک دزد برای سرقت پولتان نیاز دارد تا هم با کامپیوتر شما درگیر باشد هم با سرور های کیف پول آنلاین."
|
||||
offlinemobile: "مقادیر کم بر روی تلفن همراه شما"
|
||||
offlinemobiletxt: "یک کیف پول بیت کوین برروی موبایل شما مانند یک کیف پول با پول نقد است و اگر شما نمی خواهید هزار دلار را در جیب خود نگه دارید، شما می بایست همان توجه را برای کیف پولتان نیز داشته باشید.شما می توانید به سادگی مقداری پول در هر زمان به موبایل خود اضافه کنید. در این راه شما می توانید امنیت را با سهولت استفاده ترکیب کنید."
|
||||
offlinetestament: "درباره پیمان خود بیاندیشید"
|
||||
offlinetestamenttxt: "بیت کوین های شما ممکن است برای همیشه از دست بروند اگر شما برنامه ای برای گرفتن نسخه پشتیبان برای نظیرهای خود و خانواده ندارید.اگر محل کیف پول شما یا رمز شما را کسی نمی داند ، زمانی که شما بروید ، هیچ امیدی برای اینکه دارایی شما بازگردانده شود وحود ندارد. با اختصاص دادن مدت زمانی کوتاه برای این موضوعات می توانید تفاوت عظیمی ایجاد کنید. "
|
||||
support-bitcoin:
|
||||
|
@ -331,18 +310,11 @@ fa:
|
|||
experimentaltxt: "بیت کوین یک ارز در حال آزمایش جدید است که فعال و در حال توسعه است.هر چند که هر چه استفاده رشد می کند کمتر آزمایش می شود، شما می بایست در ذهن داشته باشید که این ابتکار جدید ایده ای را توصیف می کند که پیش از این هرگز تلاشی برای آن نشده بود.به این ترتیب کسی نمی تواند آینده را پیش بینی کند."
|
||||
tax: "عوارض دولت را فراموش نکنید"
|
||||
taxtxt: "بیت کوین یک ارز رسمی نیست. گفته شده بسیاری از حوزه های قضایی هنوز به شما برای پرداخت درآمد، فروش، حقوق و دستمزد، و مالیات سود سرمایه در هر چیزی که ارزش دارد از جمله بیت کوین است ، نیاز دارند."
|
||||
images:
|
||||
glance: بیت کوین در یک نگاه
|
||||
you: شما
|
||||
friend: دوستتان
|
||||
blockchain: زنجیره ی بلاک
|
||||
blockchaintxt: (یک log تراکنش عمومی به اشتراک گذاشته شده)
|
||||
layout:
|
||||
menu-intro: معرفی
|
||||
menu-bitcoin-for-individuals: افراد
|
||||
menu-bitcoin-for-businesses: کسب و کارها
|
||||
menu-bitcoin-for-developers: توسعه دهندگان
|
||||
menu-bitcoin-for-press:
|
||||
menu-innovation: بدعت
|
||||
menu-how-it-works: "چگونه کار می کند"
|
||||
menu-vocabulary: واژگان
|
||||
|
@ -350,11 +322,10 @@ fa:
|
|||
menu-community: انجمن
|
||||
menu-development: توسعه
|
||||
menu-support-bitcoin: شرکت کردن
|
||||
menu-foundation: بنیاد
|
||||
menu-faq: درباره
|
||||
menu-choose-your-wallet: "انتخاب کیف پول"
|
||||
menu-you-need-to-know: "آن چه باید بدانید"
|
||||
footer: "منتشر شده تحت <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\" target=\"_blank\">MIT گواهینامه"
|
||||
footer: "منتشر شده تحت <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\" target=\"_blank\">MIT گواهینامه</a>"
|
||||
url:
|
||||
bitcoin-for-developers: bitcoin-for-developers
|
||||
bitcoin-for-individuals: bitcoin-for-individuals
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -16,7 +16,11 @@ fr:
|
|||
missiontxt6: "Améliorer l'accessibilité mondiale à Bitcoin par l'internationalisation."
|
||||
missiontxt7: "Demeurer une ressource d'information neutre à propos de Bitcoin."
|
||||
help: "Aidez-nous"
|
||||
helptxt: "Vous pouvez rapporter tout problème ou aider à améliorer bitcoin.org sur <a href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org#how-to-participate\">GitHub</a> en ouvrant (en anglais) un problème (« issue ») ou une demande d'extraction (« pull request »). Lorsque vous soumettez une demande d'extraction, veuillez prendre le temps nécessaire pour discuter de vos changements et adapter votre travail. Vous pouvez aider à la traduction en rejoignant une équipe sur <a href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org#translation\">Transifex</a>. Veuillez ne pas demander de publicité pour votre entreprise ou pour votre site Web, sauf pour des cas spéciaux comme les conférences."
|
||||
helptxt: "Vous pouvez rapporter tout problème ou aider à améliorer bitcoin.org sur <a href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org#how-to-participate\">GitHub</a> en ouvrant (en anglais) un problème (« issue ») ou une demande d'extraction (« pull request »). Lorsque vous soumettez une demande d'extraction, veuillez prendre le temps nécessaire pour discuter de vos changements et adapter votre travail. Vous pouvez aider à la traduction en rejoignant une équipe sur <a href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org#translation">Transifex</a>. Veuillez ne pas demander de publicité pour votre entreprise ou pour votre site Web, sauf pour des cas spéciaux comme les conférences. Merci à tous les contributeurs qui prennent le temps d'améliorer bitcoin.org !"
|
||||
maintenance: "Maintenance"
|
||||
documentation: "Documentation"
|
||||
translation: "Traduction"
|
||||
github: "Contributeurs sur GitHub"
|
||||
bitcoin-for-businesses:
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin pour les entreprises - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Bitcoin pour les entreprises"
|
||||
|
@ -32,7 +36,7 @@ fr:
|
|||
visibility: "Gagnez en visibilité, gratuitement"
|
||||
visibilitytext: "Bitcoin est un marché émergeant de nouveaux consommateurs cherchant à dépenser leurs bitcoins. Les accepter est une bonne façon d'obtenir de nouveaux clients et de donner plus de visibilité à votre commerce. Accepter de nouvelles formes de paiements s'est souvent avéré bénéfique pour les commerces en ligne."
|
||||
multisig: "Multi-signatures"
|
||||
multisigtext: "Bitcoin inclut une fonction peu connue qui permet de dépenser des bitcoins seulement si la transaction est signée par un nombre défini de personnes au sein d'un groupe (ce qu'on appelle les transactions « n de m »). C'est l'équivalent du bon vieux chèque à signatures multiples que vous utilisez peut-être encore avec les banques aujourd'hui."
|
||||
multisigtext: "Bitcoin inclut une fonction peu connue qui permet de dépenser des bitcoins seulement si la transaction est signée par un nombre défini de personnes au sein d'un groupe (ce qu'on appelle les transactions « m de n »). C'est l'équivalent du bon vieux chèque à signatures multiples que vous utilisez peut-être encore avec les banques aujourd'hui."
|
||||
transparency: "Comptabilité transparente"
|
||||
transparencytext: "Beaucoup d'organisations doivent produire des documents comptables sur leur activité. Utiliser Bitcoin permet d'offrir le plus haut niveau de transparence puisque vous pouvez fournir des informations que vos membres peuvent utiliser afin de vérifier vos soldes et vos transactions. Les organisations sans but lucratif peuvent aussi permettre au public de visualiser combien elles reçoivent en dons."
|
||||
bitcoin-for-developers:
|
||||
|
@ -51,8 +55,6 @@ fr:
|
|||
securitytext: "La plus grande partie de la sécurité est prise en charge par le protocole. Ce qui signifie que vous n'avez pas à vous soucier d'être conforme avec la norme PCI et la détection de fraudes n'est requise que si vous expédiez vos produits ou vos services sans délai. Conserver vos bitcoins dans un <a href=\"#secure-your-wallet#\">environnement sécurisé</a> et sécuriser les demandes de paiement affichées à l'utilisateur devraient être vos principales préoccupations."
|
||||
micro: "Micro paiements bon marché"
|
||||
microtext: "Bitcoin offre les frais de transaction les plus bas et peut être utilisé pour effectuer des micro paiements d'à peine quelques dollars. Bitcoin permet la conception de nouveaux services en ligne innovants qui ne pouvaient pas exister à cause de limites financières. Ceci inclut divers types de systèmes de pourboires et de paiements automatisés."
|
||||
serviceslist: "Visitez la <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/How_to_accept_Bitcoin,_for_small_businesses#Merchant_Services\">liste des services pour commerçants</a> sur le wiki."
|
||||
apireference: "Ou consultez la <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/API_reference_(JSON-RPC)\">référence de l'API</a> et la <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Original_Bitcoin_client/API_Calls_list\">liste des appels API</a> de bitcoind."
|
||||
bitcoin-for-individuals:
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin pour les particuliers - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Bitcoin pour les particuliers"
|
||||
|
@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ fr:
|
|||
reddit: "Communauté Bitcoin sur Reddit (anglais)"
|
||||
stackexchange: "StackExchange (Q&R, anglais)"
|
||||
irc: "Clavardage IRC"
|
||||
ircjoin: "Canaux IRC sur <a href=\"http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=bitcoin&uio=d4\">freenode</a>."
|
||||
ircjoin: "Canaux IRC sur <a href=\"https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=bitcoin&uio=d4\">freenode</a>."
|
||||
chanbitcoin: "(Bitcoin en général, anglais)"
|
||||
chandev: "(Dvlpt et technique, anglais)"
|
||||
chanotc: "(Échange hors cote, anglais)"
|
||||
|
@ -98,48 +100,92 @@ fr:
|
|||
choose-your-wallet:
|
||||
title: "Choisir votre portefeuille - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Choisir votre portefeuille Bitcoin"
|
||||
summary: "Votre portefeuille Bitcoin est ce qui vous permet de traiter avec d'autres utilisateurs. Il vous rend propriétaire d'un solde en bitcoins afin que vous puissiez envoyer et recevoir des bitcoins. Comme les courriels, tous les portefeuilles peuvent interagir entre eux. Avant de débuter avec Bitcoin, assurez-vous de lire d'abord <a href=\"#you-need-to-know#\"><b>ce que vous devez savoir</b></a>."
|
||||
getstarted: "Débuter rapidement et facilement"
|
||||
getstarteddesk: "<a href=\"https://multibit.org/\"><b>MultiBit</b></a> est une appli téléchargeable pour Windows, Mac et Linux."
|
||||
getstartedmobi: "<a href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.schildbach.wallet\"><b>Bitcoin Wallet</b></a> pour Android fonctionne sur téléphones portables et tablettes."
|
||||
bethenetwork: "Faire partie du réseau Bitcoin"
|
||||
bethenetworktxt: "Possédez-vous un ordinateur que vous gardez allumé en permanence et qui est connecté à Internet ? Vous pouvez aider la communauté en laissant simplement tourner le <a href=\"#download#\"><b>client Bitcoin complet</b></a> sur celui-ci. Le client complet est plus gourmand en ressource et prendra une journée entière pour se synchroniser. Après quoi, votre ordinateur contribuera au réseau en vérifiant et relayant les transactions."
|
||||
walletdesk: "Portefeuilles de bureau"
|
||||
walletdesktxt: "Les portefeuilles de bureau peuvent être installés sur votre ordinateur et vous donnent un contrôle complet sur votre portefeuille. Avec ceux-ci, vous êtes responsable de protéger votre argent et de faire des sauvegardes."
|
||||
walletmobi: "Portefeuilles mobiles"
|
||||
walletmobitxt: "Les portefeuilles mobiles peuvent vous suivre dans votre quotidien. Vous pouvez échanger des bitcoins et payer dans des boutiques par un simple scan de code QR affiché sur un écran ou avec la technologie NFC."
|
||||
walletweb: "Portefeuilles Web"
|
||||
walletwebtxt: "Les portefeuilles Web peuvent être utilisés sur les navigateurs ou téléphones portables et offrent divers services. Vous devez choisir vos portefeuilles Web avec prudence puisqu'ils hébergent vos bitcoins."
|
||||
pagedesc: "Trouvez votre portefeuille et échangez des paiements entre commerces et utilisateurs."
|
||||
walletcatmobile: "Mobile"
|
||||
walletcatdesktop: "Bureau"
|
||||
walletcathardware: "Matériel"
|
||||
walletcatweb: "Web"
|
||||
walletbitcoinqt: "Bitcoin Core est un client Bitcoin complet sur lequel s'appuie le réseau. Il offre le plus haut niveau de sécurité, de confidentialité et de stabilité. Toutefois, il offre moins de fonctions et prend beaucoup d'espace et de mémoire."
|
||||
walletmultibit: "MultiBit est un client léger qui priorise la rapidité et la facilité d'utilisation. Il se synchronise avec le réseau et est prêt en quelques minutes. MultiBit est aussi disponible en plusieurs langues. C'est un bon choix pour les novices."
|
||||
wallethive: "Hive est un portefeuille rapide, intégré et facile d'utilisation pour Mac OS X. Axé sur la convivialité, Hive est traduit dans plusieurs langues et offre des apps, facilitant les interactions avec vos services et commerces favoris."
|
||||
wallethive-android: "Hive est un portefeuille autonome pour Android, qui ne requiert aucun serveur externe ou compte. Il se focalise sur la facilité d'utilisation, ainsi que des fonctionnalités avancées, comme le touch-to-pay via NFC ou les paiements par Bluetooth. Hive Android est extensible à travers des plugins."
|
||||
walletarmory: "Armory est un client Bitcoin évolué offrant plus de fonctions pour les super-utilisateurs. Il offre plusieurs fonctions de sauvegarde et de chiffrement et permet un stockage à froid sécurisé sur des ordinateurs déconnectés du réseau."
|
||||
walletelectrum: "Electrum se concentre sur la rapidité et la simplicité. Il est très léger et utilise des serveurs distants s'occupant des aspects les plus complexes du système Bitcoin. Electrum vous permet aussi de récupérer votre portefeuille à l'aide d'une phrase secrète."
|
||||
walletbitcoinwallet: "Bitcoin Wallet pour Android est facile à utiliser et fiable, tout en étant sécurisé et rapide. Sa vision est : décentralisation et zéro confiance. Aucun service central n'est requis pour les opérations liées à Bitcoin. L'application est un bon choix pour les utilisateurs novices. Elle est aussi disponible pour BlackBerry."
|
||||
walletmyceliumwallet: "Le portefeuille Bitcoin Mycelium est un portefeuille libre et ouvert pour Android conçu pour la sécurité, la rapidité et la facilité d'utilisation. Il offre des fonctions uniques pour gérer vos clés et pour le stockage à froid pour sécuriser vos bitcoins."
|
||||
walletblockchaininfo: "Blockchain.info est un portefeuille Web hybride convivial. Il conserve en ligne une version chiffrée de votre portefeuille mais le déchiffrement se passe dans votre navigateur. Par mesure de sécurité, vous devriez toujours utiliser l'extension du navigateur et faire des sauvegardes par courriel."
|
||||
walletblockchaininfo: "Blockchain.info est un portefeuille Web hybride convivial. Il conserve en ligne une version chiffrée de votre portefeuille mais le déchiffrement se passe dans votre navigateur. Par mesure de sécurité, vous devriez toujours utiliser l'extension du navigateur et faire des sauvegardes par courriel (et maintenir ce courriel sécurisé)."
|
||||
walletcoinbase: "Coinbase est un portefeuille Web dont le but est d'être très facile à utiliser. Il offre aussi une appli de portefeuille Web pour Android, des outils pour les commerçants et une intégration avec les comptes bancaires étasuniens pour acheter et vendre des bitcoins."
|
||||
walletcoinkite: "Coinkite est un portefeuille Web et un service de carte débit qui vise à être facile d'utilisation. Il fonctionne aussi sur les navigateurs de téléphones portables, offre des outils pour les commerces et des terminaux pour les points de vente. Coinkite est un portefeuille hybride et un coffre à réserve entière."
|
||||
walletbitgo: "BitGo est un portefeuille multi-signature qui offre le plus haut niveau de sécurité. Chaque transaction nécessite deux signatures, ce qui protège vos bitcoins contre les programmes malveillants et les attaques informatiques. Les clés privées sont contrôlées par l'utilisateur, de telle sorte à ce que BitGo ne puisse pas avoir accès aux bitcoins. Il s'agit d'un bon choix pour les utilisateurs non experimentés."
|
||||
walletgreenaddress: "GreenAddress est un portefeuille convivial et multi-signature offrant une confidentialité et une sécurité accrues. À aucun moment vos clefs ne se trouvent du côté du serveur, même cryptées. Pour des raisons de sécurité, vous devriez toujours utiliser 2FA et l'extension du navigateur ou l'application Android."
|
||||
walletdownload: "<a href=\"#download#\">Télécharger</a>"
|
||||
walletvisit: "Visiter le site Web"
|
||||
walletwebwarning: "Soyez prudent"
|
||||
walletwebwarningtxt: "Les portefeuilles Web hébergent vos bitcoins. Ce qui signifie qu'il est possible pour eux de perdre vos bitcoins à la suite d'un incident. À ce jour, aucun portefeuille Web n'offre assez de garanties pour être utilisé comme une banque."
|
||||
walletwebwarningok: "OK, je comprends"
|
||||
wallettrustinfo: "Tierce partie"
|
||||
wallettrustinfotxt: "Ce portefeuille dépend par défaut d'un service centralisé et nécessite un certain niveau de confiance en un tiers. Toutefois ce tiers n'a pas le contrôle de votre portefeuille. Utiliser des sauvegardes et un mot de passe fort est toujours recommandé lorsqu'applicable."
|
||||
checkgoodcontrolfull: "Contrôle sur votre argent"
|
||||
checkgoodcontrolfulltxt: "Ce portefeuille vous donne le contrôle complet sur vos bitcoins. Cela signifie qu'aucun tiers ne peut geler ou perdre vos fonds. Vous êtes toutefois toujours responsable de sécuriser et sauvegarder votre portefeuille."
|
||||
checkpasscontrolhybrid: "Contrôle hébergé sur votre argent."
|
||||
checkpasscontrolhybridtxt: "Ce portefeuile vous donne le contrôle de vos bitcoins. Toutefois, ce service maintient une copie encryptée de votre portefeuille. Cela signifie que vos bitcoins peuvent être volés si vous n'utilisez pas un mot de passe solide et que le service est compromis."
|
||||
checkpasscontrolmulti: "Contrôle partagé sur votre argent"
|
||||
checkpasscontrolmultitxt: "Ce portefeuille nécessite que chaque transaction soit autorisée à la fois par vous et ce tiers. En temps normal, vous pouvez regagner le contrôle complet sur vos bitcoins en utilisant la sauvegarde initiale ou les transaction pré-signées envoyées par courriel."
|
||||
checkfailcontrolthirdpartyinsured: "Argent contrôlé par un tiers"
|
||||
checkfailcontrolthirdpartyinsuredtxt: "Ce service a le contrôle complet sur vos bitcoins. Cela signifie que vous devez avoir confiance que ce service ne gelera vos fonds et n'en fera pas une mauvaise gestion. Bien que ce service affirme offrir une assurance contre les problèmes de leur côté, vous êtes toujours responsable de sécuriser votre portefeuille."
|
||||
checkfailcontrolthirdparty: "Argent contrôlé par un tiers"
|
||||
checkfailcontrolthirdpartytxt: "Ce service a un contrôle complet sur vos bitcoins. Cela signifie que vous devez avoir confiance que ce service ne perdra pas vos fonds du à un incident de leur côté. À ce jour, la plupart des portefeuilles web n'assurent pas leurs dépôts comme une banque et plusieurs de ces services ont été touchés par des failles de sécurité dans le passé."
|
||||
checkgooddecentralizefullnode: "Noeud complet"
|
||||
checkgooddecentralizefullnodetxt: "Ce portefeuille est un noeud complet qui valide et relaie les transactions sur le réseau. Cela signifie qu'aucune confiance en un tiers n'est requise afin de vérifier les paiements. Les noeuds complets offrent le plus haut niveau de sécurité et sont essentiels afin de protéger le réseau. Toutefois, ils requièrent plus d'espace (plus de 20GB), de bande passante et un plus long délai pour la synchronisation initiale."
|
||||
checkneutraldecentralizevariable: "Décentralisation variable"
|
||||
checkneutraldecentralizevariabletxt: "Les fonctionnalités reliées à la décentralisation sont offertes par le portefeuille logiciel que vous utilisez avec cet appareil. Veuillez consulter le score de Décentralisation du portefeuile logiciel que vous envisagez utiliser."
|
||||
checkpassdecentralizespv: "Décentralisé"
|
||||
checkpassdecentralizespvtxt: "Ce portefeuille se connecte sur le réseau Bitcoin. Cela signifie que très peu de confiance en des tiers est requise afin de vérifier les paiements. Toutefois, celui-ci n'est pas aussi sécurisé qu'un noeud complet tel que <a href=\"#download#\">Bitcoin Core</a>."
|
||||
checkfaildecentralizecentralized: "Centralisé"
|
||||
checkfaildecentralizecentralizedtxt: "Ce portefeuille dépend d'un service centralisé par défaut. Cela signifie qu'il est nécessaire de faire confiance à un tiers de ne pas cacher ou simuler des paiements."
|
||||
checkgoodtransparencydeterministic: "Transparence complète"
|
||||
checkgoodtransparencydeterministictxt: "Ce portefeuille est \"open source\" et compilé de manière déterministe. Cela signifie que n'importe quel développeur dans le monde peut inspecter le code et s'assurer que le logiciel final ne cache pas aucun secret."
|
||||
checkpasstransparencyopensource: "Bonne transparence"
|
||||
checkpasstransparencyopensourcetxt: "Les développeurs de ce portefeuille publient le code source pour le client. Cela signifie que n'importe quel développeur dans le monde peut inspecter le code. Vous devez malgré tout faire confiance aux développeurs de ce portefeuille lors de l'installation ou de la mise à jour du logiciel final car il n'a pas été compilé de manière déterministe tel que <a href=\"#download#\">Bitcoin Core</a>."
|
||||
checkpasstransparencyclosedsource: "Aucune transparence"
|
||||
checkpasstransparencyclosedsourcetxt: "Ce portefeuille n'est pas \"open source\". Cela signifie qu'il est pas possible d'inspecter le code et de s'assurer que le logiciel final ne cache pas de code dangereux et n'effectue pas des actions à votre insu sans votre accord."
|
||||
checkfailtransparencyremote: "Application à distance"
|
||||
checkfailtransparencyremotetxt: "Ce portefeuille est chargé depuis un emplacement distant. Cela signifie qu'à chaque usage de votre portefeuille, vous devez faire confiance aux développeurs de ne pas voler ou perdre vos bitcoins dans un incident sur leur site. Utiliser une extension pour navigateurs ou une application mobile, si disponible, peut réduire ce risque."
|
||||
checkgoodenvironmenthardware: "Environnement très sécurisé"
|
||||
checkgoodenvironmenthardwaretxt: "Ce portefeuille est chargé depuis un environment spécialisé et sécurisé fourni par l'appareil. Cela permet d'offrir une protection très solide contre les vulnérabilités informatiques et les logiciels malveillants puisqu'aucun logiciel ne peut être installé dans cet environnement."
|
||||
checkpassenvironmentmobile: "Environnement sécurisé"
|
||||
checkpassenvironmentmobiletxt: "Ce portefeuille est chargé sur des téléphones mobiles où les applications sont habituellement isolées. Cela permet d'offrir une bonne protection contre les logiciels malveillants, bien que les téléphones mobiles sont habituellement plus facile à voler ou à perdre. Chiffrer votre téléphone mobile et sauvegarder votre portefeuille peut réduire ce risque."
|
||||
checkpassenvironmenttwofactor: "Authentification en deux étapes"
|
||||
checkpassenvironmenttwofactortxt: "Ce portefeuille peut être utilisé depuis des environements peu sécurisés. Toutefois, ce service nécessite l'authentification à deux étapes. Cela signifie qu'un accès à plusieurs appareils ou comptes est requise afin de voler vos bitcoins."
|
||||
checkfailenvironmentdesktop: "Environnement vulnérable"
|
||||
checkfailenvironmentdesktoptxt: "Ce portefeuille peut être chargé sur des ordinateurs qui sont vulnérables aux logiciels malveillants. Sécuriser votre ordinateur, utiliser une phrase secrète solide, déplacer la plupart de vos fonds vers le stockage à froid ou utiliser l'authentification à deux étapes peut rendre plus difficile le vol de vos bitcoins."
|
||||
checkgoodprivacyimproved: "Confidentialité améliorée"
|
||||
checkneutralprivacyvariable: "Confidentialité variable"
|
||||
checkneutralprivacyvariabletxt: "Les fonctionnalités reliées à la vie privée sont offertes par le portefeuille logiciel que vous utilisez avec cet appareil. Veuillez consulter le score de Confidentialité du portefeuile logiciel que vous envisagez utiliser."
|
||||
checkpassprivacybasic: "Confidentialité de base"
|
||||
checkfailprivacyweak: "Confidentialité faible"
|
||||
checkpassprivacyaddressrotation: "Empêche l'espionnage de vos paiements"
|
||||
checkpassprivacyaddressrotationtxt: "Ce portefeuille complique l'espionnage de votre solde et paiements grâce à la rotation des adresses. Vous devez malgré tout faire attention à utiliser une nouvelle adresse Bitcoin chaque fois que vous demandez un paiement."
|
||||
checkfailprivacyaddressrotation: "Permet l'espionnage de vos paiements"
|
||||
checkfailprivacyaddressrotationtxt: "Ce portefeuille permet à tous d'espionner votre solde et vos paiements car il réutilise les même adresses."
|
||||
checkpassprivacydisclosurefullnode: "Évite de révéler des informations"
|
||||
checkpassprivacydisclosurefullnodetxt: "Ce portefeuille ne révèle pas d'information aux pairs sur le réseau lors de la réception ou de l'envoi de paiement. "
|
||||
checkfailprivacydisclosurespv: "Révèle des informations limitées aux pairs"
|
||||
checkfailprivacydisclosurespvtxt: "Les pairs sur le réseau peuvent enregistrer votre adresse IP et associer vos paiements ensemble lors de la réception ou de l'envoi de paiements."
|
||||
checkfailprivacydisclosurecentralized: "Révèle des informations à un tiers"
|
||||
checkfailprivacydisclosurecentralizedtxt: "Ce portefeuille utilise un serveur central qui est capable d'associer vos paiements ensemble et enregistrer votre adresse IP."
|
||||
checkfailprivacydisclosureaccount: "Révèle des informations à un tiers"
|
||||
checkfailprivacydisclosureaccounttxt: "Ce service peut associer vos paiements ensemble, enregistrer votre adresse IP et connaître votre identité réelle si vous fournissez des informations telles que votre email, nom et compte bancaire."
|
||||
checkpassprivacynetworksupporttorproxy: "Tor peut être utilisé"
|
||||
checkpassprivacynetworksupporttorproxytxt: "Ce portefeuile vous permet de configurer et utiliser <a href=\"https://www.torproject.org/\">Tor</a> comme un serveur mandataire afin d'empêcher des attaquants ou un fournisseur d'accès Internet d'associer vos paiements et votre adresse IP."
|
||||
checkfailprivacynetworknosupporttor: "Tor non supporté"
|
||||
checkfailprivacynetworknosupporttortxt: "Ce portefeuille ne vous permet pas d'utiliser Tor afin d'empêcher des attaquants ou un fournisseur d'accès Internet d'associer vos paiements et votre adresse IP."
|
||||
educate: "Prenez le temps de vous informer"
|
||||
educatetxt: "Bitcoin est différent de ce que vous connaissez et utilisez à tous les jours. Avant de commencer à utiliser Bitcoin pour des transactions importantes, assurez-vous de lire <a href=\"#you-need-to-know#\"><b>ce que vous devez savoir</b></a> et de passer à travers les étapes requises afin de <a href=\"#secure-your-wallet#\"><b>sécuriser votre portefeuille</b></a>. Rappelez-vous toujours qu'il est de votre responsabilité d'adopter les mesures nécessaires afin de protéger votre argent."
|
||||
development:
|
||||
title: "Développement - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Développement de Bitcoin"
|
||||
summary: "Trouvez plus d'information sur les spécifications, les logiciels et les développeurs actuels."
|
||||
spec: "Spécifications"
|
||||
spectxt: "Si vous désirez en apprendre davantage sur les détails techniques relatifs à Bitcoin, il est recommandé de commencer avec ces documents."
|
||||
speclink1: "<a href=\"/bitcoin.pdf\">Bitcoin : un système transactionnel de pair à pair</a> (anglais)"
|
||||
speclink2: "<a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Protocol_rules\">Règles du protocole</a> (anglais)"
|
||||
speclink3: "<a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Category:Technical\">Wiki Bitcoin</a>"
|
||||
spec: "Documentation"
|
||||
spectxt: "Si vous désirez en apprendre davantage sur les détails techniques relatifs à Bitcoin et sur l'utilisation des outils et APIs existants, il est recommandé de commencer avec la <a href=\"/en/developer-documentation\">documentation pour développeurs</a>."
|
||||
coredev: "Développeurs principaux"
|
||||
disclosure: "Signalement responsable"
|
||||
disclosuretxt: "Si vous trouvez une vulnérabilité associée à Bitcoin, les failles non critiques peuvent être transmises en anglais par courriel à l'un des développeurs principaux ou envoyées à la liste de diffusion privée <a href=\"mailto:bitcoin-security@lists.sourceforge.net\">bitcoin-security@lists.sourceforge.net</a>. Un exemple de faille non critique serait une attaque par déni de service difficile et coûteuse à effectuer. Les failles critiques trop sensibles pour être transmises par courriel non chiffré devraient être envoyées à un ou plusieurs développeurs principaux, chiffrées à l'aide de leurs propres clé(s) PGP."
|
||||
disclosuretxt: "Si vous trouvez une vulnérabilité associée à Bitcoin, les failles non critiques peuvent être transmises en anglais par courriel à l'un des développeurs principaux ou envoyées à la liste de diffusion privée affichée ci-haut. Un exemple de faille non critique serait une attaque par déni de service difficile et coûteuse à effectuer. Les failles critiques trop sensibles pour être transmises par courriel non chiffré devraient être envoyées à un ou plusieurs développeurs principaux, chiffrées à l'aide de leurs propres clé(s) PGP."
|
||||
involve: "S'impliquer dans le développement"
|
||||
involvetxt1: "Bitcoin est un logiciel libre et tout développeur peut contribuer au projet. Tout ce que vous devez savoir est dans le <a href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin\">dépôt GitHub</a>. Veuillez vous assurer de lire et de suivre le processus de développement décrit dans le README ainsi que de produire du code de qualité et de respecter toutes les directives."
|
||||
involvetxt2: "Les discussions relatives au développement ont lieu sur GitHub et la liste de diffusion <a href=\"http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/forum.php?forum_name=bitcoin-development\">bitcoin-development</a> sur sourceforge. Les discussions moins formelles sur le développement ont lieu sur irc.freenode.net #bitcoin-dev , (<a href=\"#\" onclick=\"freenodeShow(event);\">interface Web</a>, <a href=\"http://bitcoinstats.com\">journaux</a>)."
|
||||
|
@ -156,8 +202,8 @@ fr:
|
|||
downloadsig: "Vérifier les signatures de version"
|
||||
sourcecode: "Obtenir le code source"
|
||||
versionhistory: "Afficher l'historique des versions"
|
||||
notelicense: "Bitcoin Core est un projet communautaire de <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/about/what-is-free-software\">logiciel libre</a> publié sous la <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\">licence MIT</a>."
|
||||
notesync: "La synchronisation initiale de Bitcoin Core peut prendre beaucoup de temps avant de se compléter. Assurez-vous de disposer de suffisamment de bande-passante et d'espace disque pour la <a href=\"http://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\"> taille de la chaine de blocs</a> entière. Si vous savez comment télécharger un fichier torrent, vous pouvez accélérer ce processus en copiant <a href=\"/bin/blockchain/bootstrap.dat.torrent\">bootstrap.dat</a> (une copie antérieure de la chaine de blocs) dans le dossier de données utilisé par Bitcoin Core avant d'ouvrir le logiciel."
|
||||
notelicense: "Bitcoin Core est un projet communautaire de <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/about/what-is-free-software\">logiciel libre</a> publié sous la <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\">licence MIT</a>."
|
||||
notesync: "La synchronisation initiale de Bitcoin Core peut prendre beaucoup de temps. Assurez-vous de disposer de suffisamment de bande-passante et d'espace disque pour la <a href=\"https://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\"> taille de la chaine de blocs</a> (plus de 20GB). Si vous savez comment télécharger un fichier torrent, vous pouvez accélérer ce processus en copiant <a href=\"/bin/blockchain/bootstrap.dat.torrent\">bootstrap.dat</a> (une copie antérieure de la chaine de blocs) dans le dossier de données utilisé par Bitcoin Core avant d'ouvrir le logiciel."
|
||||
patient: "Vous devrez être patient"
|
||||
events:
|
||||
title: "Conférences et événements - Bitcoin"
|
||||
|
@ -184,7 +230,7 @@ fr:
|
|||
howitworkstxt1: "Du point de vue de l'utilisateur, Bitcoin n'est rien de plus qu'une appli mobile ou un logiciel pour ordinateur qui fournit à un portefeuille personnel permettant à un utilisateur d'envoyer et recevoir des bitcoins. C'est ainsi que fonctionne Bitcoin pour la majorité de ses utilisateurs."
|
||||
howitworkstxt2: "En coulisse, le réseau Bitcoin partage un grand livre comptable nommé « chaine de blocs ». Celui-ci contient chaque transaction jamais traitée permettant à l'ordinateur d'un utilisateur de vérifier la validité de chaque transaction. L'authenticité de chaque transaction est protégée par des signatures numériques correspondant aux adresses émettrices, permettant à tous les utilisateurs d'être pleinement en contrôle de l'envoi de bitcoins à partir de leurs propres adresses Bitcoin. De plus, toute personne peut également traiter des transactions en utilisant la puissance de calcul de matériel spécialisé et gagner une récompense en bitcoins en retour de ce service. C'est ce qu'on appelle souvent le « minage ». Pour en apprendre davantage sur Bitcoin, vous pouvez consulter la <a href=\"#how-it-works#\">page dédiée</a> et la <a href=\"/bitcoin.pdf\">publication originale</a>."
|
||||
used: "Est-ce que des gens utilisent vraiment Bitcoin ?"
|
||||
usedtxt1: "Oui. Il y a un <a href=\"http://usebitcoins.info/\">nombre croissant d'entreprises</a> et d'individus qui se servent de Bitcoin. Cela inclut des entreprises sur rue et des points de vente tels que des restaurants, des appartements, des cabinets d'avocats et des services en ligne populaires tels que Namecheap, WordPress, Reddit et Flattr. Bien que Bitcoin reste un phénomène relativement nouveau, il témoigne d'une croissance rapide. À la fin du mois d'août 2013, la <a href=\"http://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\">valeur de tous les bitcoins en circulation</a> a dépassé 1,5 milliard $ US avec des millions de dollars échangés quotidiennement en bitcoins."
|
||||
usedtxt1: "Oui. Il y a un <a href=\"http://usebitcoins.info/\">nombre croissant d'entreprises</a> et d'individus qui se servent de Bitcoin. Cela inclut des entreprises sur rue et des points de vente tels que des restaurants, des appartements, des cabinets d'avocats et des services en ligne populaires tels que Namecheap, WordPress, Reddit et Flattr. Bien que Bitcoin reste un phénomène relativement nouveau, il témoigne d'une croissance rapide. À la fin du mois d'août 2013, la <a href=\"https://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\">valeur de tous les bitcoins en circulation</a> a dépassé 1,5 milliard $ US avec des millions de dollars échangés quotidiennement en bitcoins."
|
||||
acquire: "Comment acquérir des bitcoins ?"
|
||||
acquireli1: "En tant que paiement pour des biens ou des services."
|
||||
acquireli2: "Par l'achat de bitcoins sur une <a href=\"http://howtobuybitcoins.info\">bourse de change</a>."
|
||||
|
@ -198,10 +244,10 @@ fr:
|
|||
advantagesli2: "<em><b>Très peu de frais</b></em> - Les paiements avec Bitcoin sont actuellement traités gratuitement ou avec des frais extrêmement bas. Les utilisateurs peuvent volontairement inclure des frais de transaction pour recevoir un traitement prioritaire, ce qui se traduit par une confirmation plus rapide des transactions par le réseau. De plus, des services commerciaux existent pour assister les commerçants avec le traitement des transactions, convertissant les bitcoins en monnaie fiduciaire et en déposant les fonds directement dans leurs comptes bancaires sur une base journalière. Puisque ces services sont basés sur Bitcoin, ils peuvent être offerts à moindres frais que PayPal et les les cartes de crédit."
|
||||
advantagesli3: "<em><b>Moins de risque pour les commerçants</b></em> - Les transactions avec Bitcoin sont sécurisées, irréversibles et ne contiennent pas d'informations sensibles ou personnelles de clients. Ceci permet aux commerçants d'être protégés contre des pertes dues aux fraudes et aux oppositions de paiement sans conformité PCI nécessaire. Les commerçants peuvent s'étendre vers de nouveaux marchés où les cartes de crédit sont inexistantes ou dans lesquels le taux de fraude est inacceptable. Le résultat net : des marchés élargis et moins de coûts administratifs."
|
||||
advantagesli4: "<em><b>Sécurité et contrôle</b></em> - Les utilisateurs de Bitcoin ont un contrôle total de leurs transactions. Il est impossible pour un commerçant d'imposer des frais non désirés ou cachés comme cela peut se produire avec d'autres méthodes de paiement. Les paiements avec Bitcoin peuvent être effectués sans aucune information personnelle liée à la transaction. Ceci offre une protection forte contre le vol d'identité. Les utilisateurs de Bitcoin peuvent également protéger leur argent à l'aide de sauvegardes et du chiffrement."
|
||||
advantagesli5: "<em><b>Transparence et neutralité</b></em> - <a href=\"http://blockexplorer.com/\">Toutes les informations</a> relatives à la masse monétaire de Bitcoin sont facilement accessibles dans la chaine de blocs de telle sorte que chacun puisse vérifier ou utiliser ces informations en temps réel. Personne ne peut contrôler ou manipuler le protocole Bitcoin car il est cryptographiquement sûr. Cela permet d'avoir la certitude que la base du réseau Bitcoin est entièrement neutre, transparente et prévisible."
|
||||
advantagesli5: "<em><b>Transparence et neutralité</b></em> - <a href=\"https://www.biteasy.com/\">Toutes les informations</a> relatives à la masse monétaire de Bitcoin sont facilement accessibles dans la chaine de blocs de telle sorte que chacun puisse vérifier ou utiliser ces informations en temps réel. Personne ne peut contrôler ou manipuler le protocole Bitcoin car il est cryptographiquement sûr. Cela permet d'avoir la certitude que la base du réseau Bitcoin est entièrement neutre, transparente et prévisible."
|
||||
disadvantages: "Quels sont les désavantages de Bitcoin ?"
|
||||
disadvantagesli1: "<em><b>Niveau d'adoption</b></em> - Plusieurs personnes ignorent toujours l'existence de Bitcoin. Chaque jour, plus d'entreprises acceptent les bitcoins parce qu'elles en sont attirées par les avantages, mais la liste demeure petite et doit croître davantage pour pouvoir bénéficier de <a href=\"http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effet_de_réseau\">l'effet de réseau</a>."
|
||||
disadvantagesli2: "<em><b>Volatilité</b></em> - La <a href=\"http://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\">valeur totale</a> des bitcoins en circulation et le nombre de commerces utilisant Bitcoin demeurent très inférieurs à ce qu'ils pourraient être. Pour cette raison, le prix des bitcoins peut être significativement affecté par des événements relativement petits et des activités boursières ou commerciales. En théorie, cette volatilité diminuera au fur et à mesure que le marché et que la technologie gagneront en maturité. Jamais une telle jeune monnaie ne s'est développée dans le passé, et il est donc difficile (et excitant) d'imaginer comment les choses se passeront."
|
||||
disadvantagesli2: "<em><b>Volatilité</b></em> - La <a href=\"https://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\">valeur totale</a> des bitcoins en circulation et le nombre de commerces utilisant Bitcoin demeurent très inférieurs à ce qu'ils pourraient être. Pour cette raison, le prix des bitcoins peut être significativement affecté par des événements relativement petits et des activités boursières ou commerciales. En théorie, cette volatilité diminuera au fur et à mesure que le marché et que la technologie gagneront en maturité. Jamais une telle jeune monnaie ne s'est développée dans le passé, et il est donc difficile (et excitant) d'imaginer comment les choses se passeront."
|
||||
disadvantagesli3: "<em><b>Développement en cours</b></em> - Les logiciels Bitcoin sont encore en version bêta et plusieurs de leurs fonctions sont activement développées. De nouveaux outils, fonctions et services sont développés afin de rendre Bitcoin plus sécurisé et accessible. Certains ne sont toutefois pas prêts pour tous. La plupart des entreprises autour de Bitcoin sont nouvelles et n'offrent pas d'assurance. En général, Bitcoin est encore dans un processus de maturation."
|
||||
trust: "Pourquoi les gens font-ils confiance à Bitcoin ?"
|
||||
trusttxt1: "La confiance envers Bitcoin provient principalement du fait qu'il ne requiert aucune confiance. Bitcoin est entièrement libre, ouvert et décentralisé. Ceci signifie que le code source est accessible à tous en tout temps. N'importe quel développeur dans le monde peut en conséquence vérifier exactement comment Bitcoin fonctionne. Toutes les transactions et les bitcoins émis à ce jour peuvent être consultés de façon transparente en temps réel par quiconque. Tous les paiements peuvent être complétés sans dépendre d'un tiers et le système en entier est protégé par l'utilisation d'algorithmes cryptographiques largement examinés par des pairs tels que ceux utilisés par les banques en ligne. Aucune organisation ou individu ne peut contrôler Bitcoin et le réseau reste sécurisé même si tous ses utilisateurs ne sont pas nécessairement de confiance."
|
||||
|
@ -219,7 +265,7 @@ fr:
|
|||
scaletxt1: "Le réseau Bitcoin peut déjà traiter un nombre de transactions par seconde nettement supérieur à ce qu'il est amené à traiter aujourd'hui. Il n'est toutefois pas entièrement prêt à s'étendre au niveau des réseaux des grandes cartes de crédit. Des améliorations sont en cours afin de lever les limites actuelles et les besoins futurs sont déjà bien évalués. Depuis sa création, chaque aspect du réseau Bitcoin a été dans un processus continu de maturation, d'optimisation et de spécialisation, et devrait continuer dans cette voie dans les années à venir. Alors que l'utilisation du réseau augmente, davantage d'utilisateurs pourront utiliser des clients Bitcoin légers et les nœuds réseau complets pourraient devenir un service plus spécialisé. Pour plus de détails, consultez la <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Scalability\">page dédiée</a> sur le Wiki."
|
||||
legal: "Légal"
|
||||
islegal: "Bitcoin est-il légal ?"
|
||||
islegaltxt1: "Au mieux de nos connaissances, Bitcoin n'a pas été déclaré illégal par force de loi dans la plupart des juridictions. Toutefois, certaines juridictions (telle que l'Argentine et la Russie) restreignent ou bannissent sévèrement les devises étrangères. D'autres juridictions (telle que la Thaïlande) peuvent limiter l’octroi de licences pour certaines entités telles que les bourses de change de bitcoins."
|
||||
islegaltxt1: "Au mieux de nos connaissances, <a href=\"http://bitlegal.io/\">Bitcoin n'a pas été déclaré illégal</a> par force de loi dans la plupart des juridictions. Toutefois, certaines juridictions (telle que l'Argentine et la Russie) restreignent ou bannissent sévèrement les devises étrangères. D'autres juridictions (telle que la Thaïlande) peuvent limiter l’octroi de licences pour certaines entités telles que les bourses de change de bitcoins."
|
||||
islegaltxt2: "Les organismes de réglementation de diverses juridictions prennent des mesures afin de fournir des règles aux particuliers et aux entreprises sur la manière d'intégrer cette nouvelle technologie avec le système financier réglementé. Par exemple, le « Financial Crimes Enforcement Network » (FinCEN) du département du trésor des États-Unis a émis des directives non contraignantes sur la façon dont il caractérise certaines activités impliquant les monnaies virtuelles."
|
||||
illegalactivities: "Bitcoin est-il utile pour mener des activités illégales ?"
|
||||
illegalactivitiestxt1: "Bitcoin est une forme d'argent et l'argent a toujours été utilisé à la fois à des fins légales et illégales. L'argent liquide, les cartes de crédit et les systèmes bancaires actuels dépassent largement Bitcoin en terme de leur utilisation pour financer le crime. Bitcoin peut apporter d'importantes innovations dans le domaine des systèmes de paiement et les bénéfices de telles innovations sont souvent perçus comme dépassant largement leurs inconvénients potentiels."
|
||||
|
@ -274,7 +320,7 @@ fr:
|
|||
poweredoff: "Qu'arrive-t-il si je reçois un bitcoin lorsque mon ordinateur est arrêté ?"
|
||||
poweredofftxt1: "Ceci ne pose aucun problème. Les bitcoins apparaîtront la prochaine fois que vous démarrerez votre application portefeuille. Les bitcoins ne sont en fait pas reçus par le logiciel dans votre ordinateur, ils sont ajoutés à un grand livre comptable public partagé entre tous les appareils sur le réseau. Si on vous envoie des bitcoins lorsque votre logiciel portefeuille client est fermé et que vous l'ouvrez plus tard, il téléchargera les blocs et rattrapera toute transaction dont il n'était pas au courant, après quoi les bitcoins apparaîtront exactement comme s'ils venaient d'être reçus en temps réel. Votre portefeuille n'est nécessaire que lorsque vous voulez dépenser vos bitcoins."
|
||||
sync: "Qu'est-ce que « synchronisation » signifie et pourquoi est-ce si lent ?"
|
||||
synctxt1: "Une longue durée de synchronisation est seulement requise avec les clients nœud complets tels que Bitcoin Core. Techniquement parlant, synchroniser est le processus de téléchargement et de vérification de toutes les transactions Bitcoin précédentes sur le réseau. Pour que certains clients Bitcoin puissent calculer le solde de votre portefeuille Bitcoin et effectuer de nouvelles transactions, ils doivent être au courant de toutes les transactions précédentes. Cette étape peut être exigeante en ressources et nécessite suffisamment de bande passante et d'espace disque pour accueillir la <a href=\"http://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">chaine de blocs en entier</a>. Afin que Bitcoin demeure sécurisé, suffisamment de personnes devraient continuer d'utiliser les clients nœud complets car ils effectuent la tâche de valider et de relayer les transactions."
|
||||
synctxt1: "Une longue durée de synchronisation est seulement requise avec les clients nœud complets tels que Bitcoin Core. Techniquement parlant, synchroniser est le processus de téléchargement et de vérification de toutes les transactions Bitcoin précédentes sur le réseau. Pour que certains clients Bitcoin puissent calculer le solde de votre portefeuille Bitcoin et effectuer de nouvelles transactions, ils doivent être au courant de toutes les transactions précédentes. Cette étape peut être exigeante en ressources et nécessite suffisamment de bande passante et d'espace disque pour accueillir la <a href=\"https://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">chaine de blocs en entier</a>. Afin que Bitcoin demeure sécurisé, suffisamment de personnes devraient continuer d'utiliser les clients nœud complets car ils effectuent la tâche de valider et de relayer les transactions."
|
||||
mining: "Minage"
|
||||
whatismining: "Qu'est ce que le minage de bitcoins ?"
|
||||
whatisminingtxt1: "Le minage est le processus d'utiliser de la puissance de calcul informatique afin de traiter des transactions, sécuriser le réseau et permettre à tous les utilisateurs du système de rester synchronisés. Ceci peut être perçu comme le centre de données de Bitcoin, à l'exception qu'il a été conçu pour être entièrement décentralisé avec des mineurs opérant dans tous les pays et sans aucun individu contrôlant le réseau. Le nom « minage » est utilisé en analogie au minage de l'or parce qu'il s'agit également d'un mécanisme temporaire pour émettre de nouveaux bitcoins. Toutefois, à l'inverse de l'or, le minage de bitcoins offre une récompense en échange d'un service utile et nécessaire pour faire fonctionner un réseau de paiement sécurisé. Le minage sera toujours nécessaire même après l'émission du dernier bitcoin."
|
||||
|
@ -347,7 +393,7 @@ fr:
|
|||
processing: "Traitement<a class=\"titlelight\"> - minage</a>"
|
||||
processingtxt: "Le minage est un <b>système de consensus distribué</b> qui est utilisé pour <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.confirmation]\"><i>confirmer</i></a> les transactions en attente en les incluant dans la chaine de blocs. Il impose un ordre chronologique dans la chaine de blocs, protège la neutralité du réseau et permet à différents ordinateurs d'être en accord sur l'état du système. Pour être confirmées, les transactions doivent être incluses dans un <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.block]\"><i>bloc</i></a> qui doit correspondre à des règles cryptographiques très strictes qui seront vérifiées par le réseau. Ces règles empêchent la modification d'un bloc antérieur car cela invaliderait tous les blocs suivants. Le minage induit également l'équivalent d'une loterie compétitive qui empêche à tout individu d'ajouter facilement des blocs consécutivement dans la chaine de blocs. De cette façon, aucun individu ne peut contrôler ce qui est inclus dans la chaine de blocs ni en remplacer des parties pour annuler ses propres dépenses."
|
||||
readmore: "Aller plus loin dans l'aventure"
|
||||
readmoretxt: "Ceci n'est qu'un résumé très court et concis du système. Si vous voulez aller plus loin dans les détails, vous pouvez <a href=\"/bitcoin.pdf\">lire la documentation technique originale</a> qui décrit la conception du système, ou explorer le <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Main_Page\">Wiki Bitcoin</a>."
|
||||
readmoretxt: "Ceci est un cours résumé du système. Si vous voulez rentrer dans les détails, vous pouvez lire <a href=\"/bitcoin.pdf\">le document original</a> (en anglais) qui décrit le fonctionnement du système, lire la <a href=\"/en/developer-documentation\">documentation pour les développeurs</a> (en anglais également), et explorer le <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Main_Page\">wiki Bitcoin</a>."
|
||||
index:
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin - Argent P2P libre et ouvert"
|
||||
listintro: "Bitcoin est un réseau de paiement novateur et une nouvelle forme d'argent."
|
||||
|
@ -368,13 +414,13 @@ fr:
|
|||
global: "Accessibilité globale"
|
||||
globaltext: "Tous les paiements effectués dans le monde peuvent être entièrement interopérables. Bitcoin permet à toute banque, entreprise ou individu d'envoyer et recevoir des paiements de façon sécurisée, partout, à tout moment, avec ou sans compte bancaire. Bitcoin est disponible dans un grand nombre de pays qui demeurent hors de portée pour la majorité des systèmes de paiement en raison de leurs propres limitations. Bitcoin augmente l'accès global au commerce et il peut aider les échanges internationaux à prospérer."
|
||||
cost: "Coûts et efficacité"
|
||||
costtext: "L'utilisation de la cryptographie permet l'existence de paiements sécurisés sans intermédiaires lents et coûteux. Une transaction Bitcoin peut être beaucoup plus économique et se compléter dans un court délai. Ce qui signifie que Bitcoin pourrait présenter le potentiel de devenir un moyen commun pour effectuer des transferts dans toutes les devises. Bitcoin pourrait également jouer un rôle de réduction de la pauvreté dans plusieurs pays en diminuant les frais élevés de transaction sur le salaire des travailleurs."
|
||||
costtext: "L'utilisation de la cryptographie permet l'existence de paiements sécurisés sans intermédiaires lents et coûteux. Une transaction Bitcoin peut être beaucoup plus économique et se compléter dans un court délai. Ce qui signifie que Bitcoin pourrait présenter le potentiel de devenir un moyen commun pour effectuer des transferts dans toutes les devises. Bitcoin pourrait également jouer un rôle de <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrRXP1tp6Kw\">réduction de la pauvreté</a> dans plusieurs pays en diminuant les frais élevés de transaction sur le salaire des travailleurs."
|
||||
donation: "Dons et pourboires"
|
||||
donationtext: "Bitcoin s'est avéré être une solution particulièrement efficace pour les pourboires et les dons dans plusieurs cas. Envoyer un paiement ne requiert qu'un clic et recevoir des dons peut être aussi simple que d'afficher un code QR. Les dons peuvent être visibles pour le public, offrant une plus grande transparence pour les organisations sans but lucratif. Dans des cas d'urgence tels que des désastres naturels, les dons avec Bitcoin pourraient contribuer à déployer une réponse internationale plus rapide."
|
||||
crowdfunding: "Financement participatif"
|
||||
crowdfundingtext: "Bien que cette fonction ne soit pas encore facile à utiliser, Bitcoin peut être utilisé pour effectuer des campagnes de financement participatif à la manière de Kickstarter, dans lesquelles des individus s'engagent à verser de l'argent à un projet à condition que l'objectif de financement soit atteint. De tels contrats d'assurance sont traités par le protocole Bitcoin qui empêche à une transaction d'avoir lieu tant que les conditions n'ont pas toutes été remplies. <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Contracts#Example_3:_Assurance_contracts\">En savoir plus</a> sur la technologie derrière le financement participatif."
|
||||
micro: "Micro paiements"
|
||||
microtext: "Bitcoin peut traiter des paiements de l'ordre d'un dollar et bientôt de bien plus petites transactions. De tels paiements sont courants même de nos jours. Imaginez une radio sur Internet payable à la seconde, visionner des pages Web avec un petit pourboire pour chaque publicité non affichée ou acheter de la bande-passante d'un point d'accès Wi-Fi au kilo-octet. Bitcoin est suffisamment efficace pour rendre possible toutes ces idées. <a href=\"https://code.google.com/p/bitcoinj/wiki/WorkingWithMicropayments\">En savoir plus</a> sur la technologie derrière les micro paiements Bitcoin."
|
||||
microtext: "Bitcoin peut traiter des paiements de l'ordre d'un dollar et bientôt de bien plus petites transactions. De tels paiements sont courants même de nos jours. Imaginez une radio sur Internet payable à la seconde, visionner des pages Web avec un petit pourboire pour chaque publicité non affichée ou acheter de la bande-passante d'un point d'accès Wi-Fi au kilo-octet. Bitcoin est suffisamment efficace pour rendre possible toutes ces idées. <a href=\"https://bitcoinj.github.io/working-with-micropayments\">En savoir plus</a> sur la technologie derrière les micro paiements Bitcoin."
|
||||
mediation: "Médiation de litiges"
|
||||
mediationtext: "Grâce aux signatures multiples, Bitcoin peut être utilisé pour développer des services de médiation de litiges innovants. De tels services pourraient permettre à un tiers d'autoriser ou de refuser une transaction en cas de désaccord entre les autres partis sans avoir de contrôle sur leur argent. Puisque ces services seraient compatibles avec tous les utilisateurs et tous les commerces utilisant Bitcoin, la libre concurrence et de meilleurs standards de qualité s'en trouveraient certainement favorisés."
|
||||
multisig: "Comptes multi-signatures"
|
||||
|
@ -397,7 +443,7 @@ fr:
|
|||
pagetitle: "Protéger votre confidentialité"
|
||||
pagedesc: "Bitcoin est souvent perçu comme un réseau de paiement anonyme. Mais en réalité, Bitcoin est probablement le réseau de paiement le plus transparent au monde. En même temps, Bitcoin peut offrir un niveau de confidentialité acceptable à condition d'être utilisé correctement. <b>Rappelez-vous qu'il est toujours de votre responsabilité d'adopter les mesures nécessaires afin de protéger votre confidentialité</b>."
|
||||
traceable: "Comprendre la traçabilité de Bitcoin"
|
||||
traceabletxt: "Bitcoin fonctionne avec un niveau de transparence auquel la plupart des gens ne sont pas habitués. Toutes les transactions Bitcoin sont publiques, traçables et conservées de façon permanente dans le réseau Bitcoin. Les adresses Bitcoin sont les seules informations utilisées pour définir où les bitcoins sont alloués et où ils sont envoyés. Ces adresses sont créées confidentiellement par les portefeuille de chaque utilisateur. Toutefois, dès que ces adresses sont utilisées, elles deviennent souillées par l'historique de toutes les transactions dans lesquelles elles sont impliquées. Toute personne peut consulter le <a href=\"http://blockexplorer.com\">solde et les transactions</a> de n'importe quelle adresse. Étant donné que les utilisateurs doivent habituellement révéler leur identité afin de recevoir des biens ou des services, les adresses Bitcoin ne peuvent pas demeurer entièrement anonymes. Pour ces raisons, les adresses Bitcoin ne devraient être utilisées qu'une seule fois et les utilisateurs doivent faire attention à ne pas révéler leurs adresses."
|
||||
traceabletxt: "Bitcoin fonctionne avec un niveau de transparence auquel la plupart des gens ne sont pas habitués. Toutes les transactions Bitcoin sont publiques, traçables et conservées de façon permanente dans le réseau Bitcoin. Les adresses Bitcoin sont les seules informations utilisées pour définir où les bitcoins sont alloués et où ils sont envoyés. Ces adresses sont créées confidentiellement par les portefeuille de chaque utilisateur. Toutefois, dès que ces adresses sont utilisées, elles deviennent souillées par l'historique de toutes les transactions dans lesquelles elles sont impliquées. Toute personne peut consulter le <a href=\"https://www.biteasy.com\">solde et les transactions</a> de n'importe quelle adresse. Étant donné que les utilisateurs doivent habituellement révéler leur identité afin de recevoir des biens ou des services, les adresses Bitcoin ne peuvent pas demeurer entièrement anonymes. Pour ces raisons, les adresses Bitcoin ne devraient être utilisées qu'une seule fois et les utilisateurs doivent faire attention à ne pas révéler leurs adresses."
|
||||
receive: "Utiliser de nouvelles adresses pour recevoir des paiements"
|
||||
receivetxt: "Afin de protéger votre confidentialité, vous devriez utiliser une nouvelle adresse Bitcoin chaque fois que vous recevez un nouveau paiement. Vous pouvez également utiliser plusieurs portefeuilles assignés à différents usages. Fonctionner de cette façon permet d'isoler chacune de vos transactions de telle sorte qu'il ne soit pas possible de les associer les unes aux autres. Les personnes qui vous envoient de l'argent ne peuvent pas voir quelles autres adresses vous possédez ni ce que vous en faites. Ce conseil est probablement le plus important à garder en tête."
|
||||
send: "Utiliser des adresses de change pour envoyer des paiements"
|
||||
|
@ -456,7 +502,7 @@ fr:
|
|||
offlinetxtxt2: "Créer une nouvelle transaction sur l'ordinateur en ligne et la sauvegarder sur une clé USB."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt3: "Signer la transaction avec l'ordinateur hors-ligne."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt4: "Envoyer la transaction signée avec l'ordinateur en ligne."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt5: "Parce que l'ordinateur connecté au réseau ne peut pas signer de transactions, il ne peut pas être utilisé pour retirer des fonds s'il est compromis. <a href=\"http://bitcoinarmory.com/about/using-our-wallet/#offlinewallet\">Armory</a> peut être utilisé pour signer des transactions hors-ligne."
|
||||
offlinetxtxt5: "Parce que l'ordinateur connecté au réseau ne peut pas signer de transactions, il ne peut pas être utilisé pour retirer des fonds s'il est compromis. <a href=\"https://bitcoinarmory.com/about/using-our-wallet/#offlinewallet\">Armory</a> peut être utilisé pour signer des transactions hors-ligne."
|
||||
hardwarewallet: "Les portefeuilles matériels"
|
||||
hardwarewallettxt: "Les portefeuilles matériels représentent le meilleur équilibre entre très haute sécurité et facilité d'utilisation. Ce sont de petits appareils conçus à la base pour être des portefeuilles et rien d'autre. Aucun logiciel ne peut être installé sur ces appareils, ce qui les rend très sécurisés contre les failles informatiques et les vols en ligne. Puisqu'ils permettent aussi les sauvegardes, vous pouvez récupérer vos fonds si vous perdez l'appareil."
|
||||
hardwarewalletsoon: "À ce jour, aucun portefeuille matériel n'est entré en production mais ils arrivent bientôt :"
|
||||
|
@ -532,7 +578,7 @@ fr:
|
|||
volatile: "Le prix du bitcoin est volatile"
|
||||
volatiletxt: "Le prix d'un bitcoin peut augmenter ou diminuer de façon imprévisible sur une courte période de temps en raison de sa jeune économie, sa nature inusitée et ses marchés parfois peu liquides. Par conséquent, conserver vos économies en bitcoins n'est pas recommandé pour le moment. Le bitcoin doit être considéré comme un actif à haut risque et vous ne devriez jamais stocker en bitcoins de l'argent que vous ne pourriez pas vous permettre de perdre. Si vous recevez des paiements en bitcoins, plusieurs fournisseurs de services peuvent les convertir dans votre monnaie locale."
|
||||
irreversible: "Les paiements Bitcoin sont irréversibles"
|
||||
irreversibletxt: "Toute transaction effectuée avec Bitcoin ne peut être renversée, elles ne peuvent être remboursées que par la personne recevant les fonds. Ce qui signifie que vous devez vous assurer de faire commerce avec des entreprises et des personnes de confiance que vous connaissez ou qui ont une réputation bien établie. Pour leur part, les entreprises doivent garder le contrôle des demandes de paiement qu'ils affichent à leurs clients. Bitcoin peut détecter les erreurs de frappe et ne vous laissera généralement pas envoyer d'argent vers une adresse invalide par erreur. Des services additionnels pourraient exister dans le futur afin de fournir plus de choix et de protection pour le consommateur."
|
||||
irreversibletxt: "Toute transaction effectuée avec Bitcoin ne peut être renversée, elles ne peuvent être remboursées que par la personne recevant les fonds. Ce qui signifie que vous devez vous assurer de faire commerce avec des entreprises et des personnes de confiance que vous connaissez ou qui ont une réputation bien établie. Pour leur part, les entreprises doivent garder le contrôle des demandes de paiement qu'elles affichent à leurs clients. Bitcoin peut détecter les erreurs de frappe et ne vous laissera généralement pas envoyer d'argent vers une adresse invalide par erreur. Des services additionnels pourraient exister dans le futur afin de fournir plus de choix et de protection pour le consommateur."
|
||||
anonymous: "Bitcoin n'est pas anonyme"
|
||||
anonymoustxt: "Des efforts sont nécessaires afin de protéger votre confidentialité avec Bitcoin. Toutes les transactions Bitcoin sont conservées de façon publique et permanente dans le réseau, ce qui signifie que le solde et les transactions de n'importe quelle adresse Bitcoin peuvent être consultés par tout un chacun. Toutefois, l'identité de l'utilisateur derrière une adresse demeure inconnue jusqu'à ce que des informations soient révélées au cours d'un achat ou dans d'autres circonstances. Il s'agit d'une raison pour laquelle les adresses Bitcoin ne devraient être utilisées qu'une seule fois. Rappelez-vous toujours qu'il est de votre responsabilité d'adopter les mesures nécessaires afin de protéger votre confidentialité. <a href=\"#protect-your-privacy#\"><b>En savoir plus afin de protéger votre confidentialité</b></a>."
|
||||
instant: "Les transactions instantanées sont moins sécurisées"
|
||||
|
@ -540,7 +586,7 @@ fr:
|
|||
experimental: "Bitcoin est encore expérimental"
|
||||
experimentaltxt: "Bitcoin est une nouvelle devise expérimentale en développement actif. Bien qu'elle devienne moins expérimentale de par son utilisation croissante, vous devez garder à l'esprit que Bitcoin est une invention nouvelle qui explore des idées qui n'ont jamais été tentées auparavant. En conséquence, son futur ne peut être prédit par personne."
|
||||
tax: "Impôts et réglementations gouvernementales"
|
||||
taxtxt: "Bitcoin n'est pas une devise officielle. Ceci étant dit, la plupart des juridictions exigent que vous payiez des impôts sur le revenu, les ventes, les salaires et les gains en capital sur tout ce qui a de la valeur, incluant les bitcoins. Il est de votre responsabilité de vous assurer de respecter les impôts, les mandats légaux et les réglementations émises par votre gouvernement et / ou vos municipalités locales."
|
||||
taxtxt: "Bitcoin n'est pas une devise officielle. Ceci étant dit, la plupart des juridictions exigent que vous payiez des impôts sur le revenu, les ventes, les salaires et les gains en capital sur tout ce qui a de la valeur, incluant les bitcoins. Il est de votre responsabilité de vous assurer de respecter <a href=\"http://bitlegal.io/\">les impôts, les mandats légaux et les réglementations</a> émises par votre gouvernement et / ou vos municipalités locales."
|
||||
layout:
|
||||
menu-about-us: "À propos de bitcoin.org"
|
||||
menu-bitcoin-for-businesses: Entreprises
|
||||
|
|
653
_translations/hi.yml
Normal file
653
_translations/hi.yml
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,653 @@
|
|||
hi:
|
||||
about-us:
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin.org के बारे में"
|
||||
pagetitle: " Bitcoin.org के बारे में"
|
||||
pagedesc: "Bitcoin.org, Bitcoin को एक लंबे समय तक विकसित करने की मदद में समर्पित है।."
|
||||
own: "bitcoin.org का मालिक कौन है?"
|
||||
owntxt: "Bitcoin.org मूल डोमेन नाम है जो Bitcoin वेबसाइट के द्वारा इस्तमाल किया गया है। अभी भी यह <a href=\"#development#\">Bitcoin कोर डेवलपर्स</a> और अतिरिक्त समुदाय के सदस्यों द्वारा प्रबंधित किया जाता है <a href=\"#community#\">Bitcoin समुदाय</a> के सहारे से। Bitcoin.org आधिकारिक वेबसाइट नहीं है। जिस तरह ईमेल तकनीकी का मालिक नही है, उसी तरह Bitcoin नेटवर्क का भी कोई मालिक नही है। इसलिए कोई भी Bitcoin के नाम पर अधिकार नही दिखा सकता।"
|
||||
control: "तो फिर ... Bitcoin पर कौन नियंत्रण रखता है? "
|
||||
controltxt: "Bitcoin दुनिया भर के सभी Bitcoin उपयोगकर्ताओं द्वारा नियंत्रित किया जाता है। डेवलपर्स सॉफ्टवेयर में सुधार लाते हैं , लेकिन वे Bitcoin प्रोटोकॉल के नियमों में परिवर्तन नहीं कर सकते और सभी उपयोगकर्ता कौनसा सॉफ्टवेयर उपयोग करें इसका चयन करने के लिए स्वतंत्र हैं। एक दूसरे के साथ संगत बनाए रखने के लिए, सभी उपयोगकर्ताओं को एक ही नियम का अनुपालन करना आवश्यक है। इसलिए सभी उपयोगकर्ता और डेवलपर्स इस आम सहमति को अपनाने और उसकी रक्षा के लिए सक्ती से जमें होते है। "
|
||||
mission: "मिशन"
|
||||
missiontxt1: "आम गलतियों से बचाने के लिए उपयोगकर्ताओं को सूचित करें."
|
||||
missiontxt2: " Bitcoin विशेशताएं, संभाविता, सीमाएं और उपयोग का सही विवरण देते हैं. "
|
||||
missiontxt3: " Bitcoin नेटवर्क के पारदर्शी अलर्ट और घटनाओं का प्रदर्शन करें।. "
|
||||
missiontxt4: "Bitcoin का कई स्तरों पर विकास में मदद करने के लिए प्रतिभाशाली व्यकितीयों को आमंत्रित करें। "
|
||||
missiontxt5: "बड़े पैमाने पर Bitcoin पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र की दृश्यता प्रदान करें. "
|
||||
missiontxt6: "अंतर्राष्ट्रीयकरण के साथ दुनिया भर में Bitcoin पर पहुँच में सुधार लाएं।"
|
||||
missiontxt7: "Bitcoin के बारे में तटस्थ जानकारीपूर्ण संसाधन बने रहे। "
|
||||
help: "हमारी मदद करें"
|
||||
helptxt: " आप किसी भी समस्या का रिपोर्ट या bitcoin.org बेहतर बनाने में मदद कर सकते हैं href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org#how-to-participate\"> GitHub </ a > पर, अंग्रेजी में अनुरोध या मुद्द शुरु कर के। अनुरोध सबमिट करते समय, अपने परिवर्तन पर चर्चा करने और अपने काम को अनुकूल करने में आवश्यक बिताएं। href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org#translation\">Transifex</a> पर एक टीम में शामिल हो कर अनुवाद में मदद दे सकते हैं। कृपया, अपने व्यक्तिगत मामलों पर या वेबसाइट पर छूट मत मांगिए, सिवाय खास मामलों पर जैसे सम्मेलन इतियादी। "
|
||||
bitcoin-for-businesses:
|
||||
title: "व्यापार के लिए Bitcoin - Bitcoin "
|
||||
pagetitle: "व्यापार के लिए Bitcoin"
|
||||
summary: "Bitcoin भुगतान शासन के लिए बहुत ही सुरक्षित और सस्ता तरीका है।"
|
||||
lowfee: "सबसे कम फीस"
|
||||
lowfeetext: "Bitcoin के उच्च गूढलेखन सुरक्षा की वजह से यह लेनदेन प्रक्रिया का कुशल और सस्ता तरीका है। बगैर कोई फीस के आप Bitcoin नेटवर्क के उपयोग से भुगतान भेज या प्राप्त कर सकते हैं। ज्यादातर मामलों में फीस की आवश्यक नहीं होती लेकिन आपके लेन-देन की तेज पुष्टि के लिए हम इसकी सिफारिश देते हैं। "
|
||||
fraud: "धोखे से संरक्षण"
|
||||
fraudtext: "सभी व्यवसाय जो क्रेडिट कार्ड या PayPal स्वीकार करते हैं, औंधा किया जाने वाले भुगतान की समस्या को जानते हैं। चार्जबैक धोखा, सीमित बाजार पहुंच और कीमतों में वृद्धि में परिणामित होता है जिसका बुरा असर ग्राहकों पर पड़ता। Bitcoin भुगतान अपरिवर्तनीय और सुरक्षित होते हैं जिसका मतलब धोखे की कीमत अब व्यापारीयों के कांधों पर ढकेली नही जाती।"
|
||||
international: "फास्ट अंतरराष्ट्रीय भुगतान"
|
||||
internationaltext: "Bitcoins 10 मिनट में अफ्रीका से कनाडा स्थानांतरित किए जा सकते हैं। क्योंकि वास्तव में Bitcoins का कोई वास्तविक भौतिक स्थान नहीं होता इसलिए, बगैर कोई सीमा के या अत्यधिक फीस या रुकावट के स्थानांतरित किए जा सकते हैं। कोई मध्यवर्ती बैंक ना होने की वजह से तीन कारोबारी दिनों के इंतजार करने की भी जरुरत नही होती।"
|
||||
pci: "PCI अनुपालन की कोई आवश्यकता नहीं"
|
||||
pcitext: "ऑनलाइन क्रेडिट कार्ड के स्वीकार पर PCI मानक का अनुपालन करने के लिए व्यापक सुरक्षा जांच की आवश्यकता होती है। Bitcoin पर आपको आवश्यकता होती है <a href=\"#secure-your-wallet#\"> अपने बटुए को सुरक्षित करने की </a> और अपने भुगतान अनुरोध की। लेकिन अपने ग्राहक से क्रेडिट कार्ड नंबर जैसे संवेदनशील जानकारी के प्रोसेसिंग का खर्चा और जिम्मेदारी आपको उठानी नहीं पड़ती। "
|
||||
visibility: "कुछ मुफ्त दृश्यता पाइए"
|
||||
visibilitytext: "Bitcoin नए ग्राहकों का एक उभरता बाजार है जो अपने bitcoins को खर्च करने के तरीके खोज रहे हैं। उन्हें स्वीकारना, नए ग्राहक पाने का और अपने व्यवसाय को लोगों तक पहुंचाने का एक अच्छा तरीका है। ऑनलाइन कारोबार में नए भुगतान पद्धति को स्वीकारना उचित और प्रचंड तरीका है।"
|
||||
multisig: "बहु हस्ताक्षर"
|
||||
multisigtext: "Bitcoin में एक सुविधा शामिल है जो अभी तक अच्छी तरह से जानी मानी नहीं है, जिससे bitcoins तब खर्चे जा सकते हैं जब उपवर्ग लोगों का समूह लेन-देन पर हस्ताक्षर करता है ( \"m of n\" लेनदेन कहा जाता है)। यह पुराने बहु हस्ताक्षर जांच प्रणाली के बराबरी का है जो आप आज भी बैंक में इस्तेमाल करते हैं। "
|
||||
transparency: "हिसाब पारदर्शिता"
|
||||
transparencytext: "कई संगठनों को उनके हिसाब लेखांकन दस्तावेजों को पेश करने की आवश्यकता होती है। Bitcoin आपको पारदर्शिता का उच्चित स्तर पेश करता है क्योंकि आप वह सारी जानकारी प्रदान करते हैं जिससे आपके सदस्य आपकी शेष राशि और लेनदेन को सत्यापित कर सकते है। गैर लाभ संगठन भी लोगों को कितना दान मिला, यह देखने की अनुमति देता हैं।"
|
||||
bitcoin-for-developers:
|
||||
title: "डेवलपरों के लिए BitCoin - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "डेवलपरों के लिए BitCoin"
|
||||
summary: "Bitcoin अद्भुत चीजों के निर्माण करने या सिर्फ आम जरूरतों के पूर्ती के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जा सकता है."
|
||||
simple: "सभी भुगतान प्रणाली का सरलतम"
|
||||
simpletext: "राशि स्वीकार करना उस तरह आसान है जैसे Bitcoin लिंक भेजना या QR कोड प्रदर्शित: करना, हां लेकिन जब तक भुगतान आटोमैटिक चालान के साथ जुड़ा ना हो। यह साधारण सेटअप किसी भी उपयोगकर्ता की पहुंच में है और कई ग्राहकों की जरुरतों को पूरा कर सकता है। यह विशेष रूप से पारदर्शी दान और सुझावों के लिए उपयुक्त है जब सार्वजनिक रूप से किया जाता है।"
|
||||
api: "कई तीसरे API पक्ष "
|
||||
apitext: "कई तीसरे पक्ष भुगतान प्रसंस्करण सेवाएं मौजूद है जो API देते हैं; आपको सर्वर पर Bitcoins स्टोर करने की जरूरत नहीं होती और ना तो इस तात्पर्य सुरक्षा संचलन की। साथ ही ज्यादातर API आपको चालान के प्रक्रिया की अनुमति देते हैं और प्रतिस्पर्धी कीमत पर आपके Bitcoin का स्थानीय मुद्रा में आदान प्रदान करने की क्षमता।"
|
||||
own: "आप खुद अपने वित्तीय प्रबंधक बन सकते हैं"
|
||||
owntext: "यदि आप किसी तीसरे पक्ष API का इस्तेमाल नहीं करते हैं तो सीधे अपने आवेदन में Bitcoin सर्वर को एकीकृत कर सकते हैं जिससे आप मानो खुद बैंक और भुगतान प्रोसेसर बन जाते हैं। इसका मतलब है कि सभी जिम्मेदारियों के साथ आप अद्भुत सिस्टम का निर्माण कर सकते हैं जो लगभग किसी फीस के बगैर Bitcoin लेनदेन पर प्रक्रिया करता है।"
|
||||
invoice: "चालान ट्रैक करने के लिए Bitcoin पते "
|
||||
invoicetext: "Bitcoin प्रत्येक लेन - देन के लिए एक विशिष्ट पता बनाता है। यदि आप चालान के साथ जुड़े भुगतान प्रणाली का निर्माण करते हैं, तो आप बस प्रत्येक भुगतान के लिए एक Bitcoin पता बना कर उस पर निगरानी रखने की जरूरत होती है। एक पता केवल एक ही लेन - देन के लिए उपयोग मे लाना चाहिए।."
|
||||
security: "सुरक्षा अधिकांश ग्राहक के पक्ष में होता है"
|
||||
securitytext: "सुरक्षा के अधिकांश भाग प्रोटोकॉल द्वारा नियंत्रित किए जाते हैं। इसका मतलब PCI अनुपालन की कोई ज़रूरत नहीं है और धोखा परिचयन केवल तभी आवश्यक है जब सेवा या उत्पाद तुरंत वितरित किए जाते हैं। अपने Bitcoins का संचय<a href=\"#secure-your-wallet#\">सुरक्षित वातावरण</a> और उपयोगकर्ता के लिए प्रदर्शित किया गया भुगतान अनुरोध हासिल, आपका मुख्य मद्दा होनी चाहिए।"
|
||||
micro: "सस्ते सूक्ष्म भुगतान"
|
||||
microtext: "Bitcoin सबसे कम भुगतान प्रसंस्करण शुल्क प्रदान करता है और आमतौर पर Bitcoin केवल कुछ ही डॉलर के माइक्रो भुगतान भेजने के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जा सकता है। Bitcoin नए रचनात्मक ऑनलाइन सेवाएं डिजाइन करने के लिए अनुमति देता है जो वित्तीय सीमाओं की वजह से पहले मौजूद नहीं थे। इनमें शामिल है टीप्पिगं तरिका और स्वचालित भुगतान समाधान।"
|
||||
bitcoin-for-individuals:
|
||||
title: " Bitcoin प्रत्येक व्यक्ति के लिए - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Bitcoin प्रत्येक व्यक्ति के लिए विशेष"
|
||||
summary: "Bitcoin बहुत कम कीमत पर पैसे आदान प्रदान करने का सबसे सरल तरीका है."
|
||||
mobile: "मोबाइल भुगतान आसान बनाया"
|
||||
mobiletext: "Bitcoin मोबाइल पर साधारण दो कदम स्कैन-और-पे के साथ भुगतान करने की अनुमति देता है। साइन अप, कार्ड स्वाइप या PIN दर्ज करने की कोई ज़रूरत नहीं। Bitcoin भुगतान प्राप्त करने के लिए केवल अपने Bitcoin बटुआ एप्लिकेशन में QR कोड दर्ज करे और आपके दोस्त आपके मोबाइल को स्कैन करें या दोनो फोनों को स्पर्श करें (NFC रेडियो प्रौद्योगिकी के उपयोग से )"
|
||||
international: "फास्ट अंतरराष्ट्रीय भुगतान"
|
||||
internationaltext: "Bitcoins 10 मिनट में अफ्रीका से कनाडा को स्थानांतरित किया जा सकता है। प्रक्रिया को धीमा करने के लिए कोई बैंक, भारी फीस या स्थानांतरण फ्रीज नहीं है। जिस तरह आप किसी दूसरे देश में अपने परिवार के सदस्य को भुगतान करते हैं उसी तरह आप अपने पड़ोसीयों को भी कर सकते हैं।"
|
||||
simple: "हर जगह काम करता है, कभी भी"
|
||||
simpletext: "बस ईमेल की तरह अपने परिवार वालों को वही सॉफ्टवेयर या सेवा प्रदाता के उपयोग करने की जरुरत नहीं होती। वे अपने मन पसंद सॉफ्टवेयर और सेवा प्रदाता का उपयोग कर सकते हैं। वे सभी अनुकूल होते हैं क्योंकी वे सभी एक ही प्रौद्योगिकी का उपयोग करते हैं। Bitcoin नेटवर्क कभी सोता नहीं, छुट्टीयों पर भी नहीं!"
|
||||
secure: "अपने पैसे पर नियंत्रण और सुरक्षा "
|
||||
securetext: "Bitcoin लेनदेन सैन्य ग्रेड गूढलेखन द्वारा सुरक्षित हैं। कोई भी आपको कोई पैसा चार्ज नहीं कर सकता या अपके तरफ से भुगतान कर सकता है। जब तक आप आवश्यक कदम उठाते हुए <a href=\"#secure-your-wallet#\"> अपने बटुए की रक्षा करते हैं </a>, Bitcoin आपको अपने पैसे पर नियंत्रण देता है और कई प्रकार के धोखों से सुरक्षा भी देता है।"
|
||||
lowfee: "शून्य या कम फीस "
|
||||
lowfeetext: "Bitcoin आप को बहुत कम कीमत पर भुगतान भेजने और प्राप्त करने की अनुमति देता है। लेकिन विशेष मामलों में जैसे की बहुत कम रकम पर, कुछ शुल्क लागु होता है। लेकिन तेज पुष्टि के लिए हम यह सिफारिश देते हैं कि ज्यादा स्वैच्छिक शुल्क भुगतान किया जाए और Bitcoin नेटवर्क संचालित लोगों को मेहनताना दें। "
|
||||
anonymous: "अपने पहचान की रक्षा "
|
||||
anonymoustext: "Bitcoin पर कोई क्रेडिट कार्ड नंबर नहीं होता जो फरेबी इंसान आपका रुप लेकर इस्तेमाल कर सके। वास्तव में पहचान का खुलासा किए बिना भी भुगतान भेजना संभव है जैसे असली पैसे भेजते समय। लेकिन याद रखे की आपको कुछ प्रयास करने की आवश्यकता हो सकती है <a href=\"#protect-your-privacy#\"> अपने गोपनीयता की रक्षा के लिए </a>"
|
||||
community:
|
||||
title: "समुदाय - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Bitcoin संप्रदाय"
|
||||
pagedesc: "Bitcoin - पर दिलचस्प लोग, समूह और समुदाय का पता लगाएं। "
|
||||
forums: "मंच "
|
||||
bitcointalk: "<a href=\"https://bitcointalk.org/\"> BitcoinTalk फ़ोरम </a> "
|
||||
reddit: "Reddit पर Bitcoin समुदाय "
|
||||
stackexchange: "Bitcoin स्टॉक एक्सचेंज (प्र:उ) "
|
||||
irc: " IRC चैट "
|
||||
ircjoin: "IRC चैनल यहां <a href=\"https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=bitcoin&uio=d4\">फ्रीनोड</a>."
|
||||
chanbitcoin: "( जनरल Bitcoin से संबंधित ) "
|
||||
chandev: " (विकास और तकनीकी ) "
|
||||
chanotc: "( काउंटर पर एक्सचेंज ) "
|
||||
chanmarket: "( बाजार से लाइव उद्धरण) "
|
||||
chanmining: "( Bitcoin खनन से संबंधित ) "
|
||||
social: " सोशल नेटवर्क"
|
||||
linkgoogle: " <a href=\"https://plus.google.com/communities/115591368588047305300\"> Google+ पर Bitcoin समुदाय </ a > "
|
||||
linktwitter: "Twitter खोज "
|
||||
facebook: "<a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/bitcoins\"> Facebook पृष्ठ </a>"
|
||||
meetups: " मिलाप"
|
||||
meetupevents: " Bitcoin सम्मेलन और घटनाएं"
|
||||
meetupgroup: " Bitcoin समूह मिलाप"
|
||||
meetupbitcointalk: " BitcoinTalk पर Bitcoin मिलाप"
|
||||
meetupwiki: " Wiki पर Bitcoin मिलाप"
|
||||
nonprofit: "गैर लाभ संगठन"
|
||||
wikiportal: " विकी पर <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Bitcoin:Community_portal\"> समुदाय पोर्टल </a> पर जाएं. "
|
||||
choose-your-wallet:
|
||||
title: "अपना बटुआ चुनें - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: " अपना Bitcoin बटुआ चुनें "
|
||||
summary: "आपका Bitcoin बटुआ आपको अन्य उपयोगकर्ताओं के साथ कारोबार करने की अनुमति देता है। यह आपको एक Bitcoin संतुलन के स्वामित्व देता है ताकी आप Bitcoins भेज और प्राप्त कर सकें। ईमेल की ही तरह, सभी बटुएं एक दूसरे के साथ काम कर सकते हैं। Bitcoin शुरू करने से पहले पक्का करें की पहले <b><a href=\"#you-need-to-know#\"> आपको क्या जानना चाहिए, पढ़ें </a></b>।"
|
||||
getstarted: "जल्दी और आसानी से शुरू करें"
|
||||
getstarteddesk: "<a href=\"https://multibit.org/\"><b>मल्टिबिटt</b></a> ऐप है जो आप Windows, Mac और Linux के लिए डाउनलोड कर सकते हैं।"
|
||||
getstartedmobi: "<a href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.schildbach.wallet\"> <b> Bitcoin वॉलेट </b> </a> Android के लिए जो फोन या टैबलेट पर चलता है. "
|
||||
bethenetwork: "Bitcoin नेटवर्क के साथ क्यों भाग लें"
|
||||
bethenetworktxt: "आप विभिन्न प्रकार के हल्के बटुए के बीच से कोई चुन सकते हैं या <a href=\"#download#\"><b>पूरा Bitcoin ग्राहक</b></a>. दूसरा अधिक स्टोरेज और बैडविड्त का उपयोग करता है और सिंक्रनाइज़ करने के लिए एक दिन या अधिक लग सकते हैं। लेकिन लाभ हैं जैसे गोपनीयता में वृद्धि और सुरक्षा। पूर्ण नोड्स का उपयोग, लेनदेन की जाँच और प्रसारण द्वारा नेटवर्क की रक्षा के लिए आवश्यक है।"
|
||||
walletdesk: "डेस्कटॉप बटुएं"
|
||||
walletdesktxt: "डेस्कटॉप बटुएं आपके कंप्यूटर पर स्थापित किए गए हैं। वे आपको अपने बटुए पर पूरा नियंत्रण देते हैं. आप अपने पैसे की रक्षा और बैकअप के लिए जिम्मेदार हैं।"
|
||||
walletmobi: "मोबाइल बटुएं"
|
||||
walletmobitxt: "मोबाइल पर्स आपको अपनी जेब में Bitcoin लाने के लिए अनुमति देते हैं। आप QR कोड या स्कैनिंग NFC के \"tap to pay\" के उपयोग से Bitcoins का आदान प्रदान और भौतिक भंडार में भुगतान आसानी से कर सकते हैं। "
|
||||
walletweb: "वेब बटुएं"
|
||||
walletwebtxt: "वेब बटुएं आपको किसी भी ब्राउज़र या मोबाइल पर Bitcoin उपयोग करने देते हैं और अक्सर अन्य सेवा प्रदान करते हैं। हालांकि, आपको देखभाल के अपने वेब बटुए चुनने चाहिए क्योकी वे आपके bitcoins को रखते हैं।"
|
||||
walletbitcoinqt: "Bitcoin कोर पूर्ण Bitcoin ग्राहक है और नेटवर्क का पूरा बोझ उठाने की शक्ती बढाते हैं। यह आपतो उच्च गोपनीयता और स्थिरता प्रदान करता है। लेकिन इसमें कम सुविधाएं हैं और यह मेमोरी मे बहुत जगह लेता है।"
|
||||
walletmultibit: " Multibit एक हल्का ग्राहक है जो तेजी और आसानी से उपयोग पर केंद्रित है। यह नेटवर्क के साथ सिंक्रनाइज़ करता हैं और मिनटों में उपयोग करने के लिए तैयार होता है। Multibit कई भाषाओं का समर्थन करता है। यह गैर तकनीकी उपयोगकर्ताओं के लिए एक अच्छा विकल्प है।"
|
||||
wallethive: "हाईव, Mac OS X के लिए एक तेज, एकीकृत, उपयोगकर्ता के अनुकूल Bitcoin बटुआ है। हाईव कई भाषाऔं में अनुवादित किया गया है और इसमें ऐप हैं जिन से अपने पसंदीदा Bitcoin सेवाओं और व्यापारियों के साथ बातचीत करना आसान होता है। "
|
||||
walletarmory: "Armory एक उन्नत Bitcoin ग्राहक है जो पावर उपयोगकर्ताओं के लिए सुविधाओं को विस्तारित करता है। यह कई बैकअप और एन्क्रिप्शन सुविधाएँ प्रदान करता है और ऑफ़लाइन कंप्यूटर पर सुरक्षित भंडारण की अनुमति देता है।"
|
||||
walletelectrum: "Electrum का ध्यान कम संसाधनों के उपयोग के साथ, गति और सादगी पर होता है। यह Bitcoin प्रणाली का सबसे जटिल भागों को संभालता है दूरस्थ सर्वर के उपयोग से। और यह आपको एक गुप्त वाक्यांश से अपने बटुए को वापस लाने मे मदद देता है।"
|
||||
walletbitcoinwallet: "Bitcoin वॉलेट वेब Android के लिए आसान और विश्वसनीय है और साथ ही तेज और कुशल। इसका दृष्य अ-केंद्रीकरण और शून्य भरोसा है: Bitcoin संबंधित कार्यों के लिए कोई केंद्रीय सेवा की जरूरत है। यह app गैर तकनीकी लोगों के लिए अच्छा विक्लप है। यह BlackBerry OS के लिए भी उपलब्ध है। "
|
||||
walletmyceliumwallet: "Mycelium Bitcoin बटुआ, Android के लिए एक खुला स्रोत बटुआ है जो उपयोग की आसानी, सुरक्षा और गति के लिए बनाया गया है। अपनी चाबी के प्रबंधन और कोल्ड स्टोरेज के लिए, जो आपके Bitcoins को सुरक्षित करने में मदद करे, इसमें अद्वितीय विशेषताएं हैं।"
|
||||
walletblockchaininfo: "Blockchain.info उपयोगकर्ता के अनुकूल एक संकर बटुआ है। यह आपके बटूए के एन्क्रिप्टेड संस्करण को ऑनलाइन रखता है लेकिन विकोजन आपके ब्राउज़र में होता है। सुरक्षा कारणों से, आपको हमेशा ब्राउज़र एक्सटेंशन और ईमेल बैकअप करना चाहिए।"
|
||||
walletcoinbase: "Coinbase वेब बटुआ सेवा है जो आसान होने की कामना रखता है। Bitcoins खरीदने और बेचने के लिए यह Android वेब बटुआ एप्लिकेशन, व्यापारी उपकरण औरअमेरिकी बैंक खातों के साथ एकीकरण प्रदान करता है।"
|
||||
walletcoinkite: "Coinkite एक वेब बटुआ& डेबिट कार्ड सेवा है जिनका उद्देश्य प्रयोग में आसानी है। यह मोबाइल ब्राउज़रों पर भी काम करता है, इसमें व्यापारी उपकरण, बिक्री-की-जगह ही भुगतान टर्मिनल है। यह एक संकर बटुआ और पूर्ण रिजर्व वॉल्ट है। "
|
||||
walletbitgo: "BitGo एक बहु हस्ताक्षर बटुआ है जो सुरक्षा का उच्चतम स्तर पेश करता है। हर लेन - देन पर दो हस्ताक्षरों की आवश्यकता होती है जिससे मैलवेयर और सर्वर के हमलों से आपके Bitcoins की रक्षा होती है। उपयोगकर्ता द्वारा निजी कुंजीयाँ संघटित होते हैं ऐसे कि, BitGo की Bitcoins तक पहुंच नही होती। यह गैर तकनीकी उपयोगकर्ताओं के लिए एक अच्छा विकल्प है।"
|
||||
walletgreenaddress: "GreenAddress एक उपयोगकर्ता के अनुकूल बेहतर सुरक्षा और गोपनीयता के साथ बहु हस्ताक्षर बटुआ है । किसी भी समय चाबी सर्वर के साइड पर नही होती, यहां तक कि एन्क्रिप्टेड होने पर भी। सुरक्षा कारणों से आपको हमेशा 2FA और ब्राउज़र एक्सटेंशन या Android App का उपयोग करना चाहिए।"
|
||||
walletdownload: "<a href=\"#download#\"> डाउनलोड </a>"
|
||||
walletvisit: "वेब साईट पर जाएं"
|
||||
walletwebwarning: "सावधान रहें"
|
||||
walletwebwarningtxt: "वेब पर्स आपके Bitcoins को होस्ट करते हैं। उसका मतलब उन की तरफ से किसी ङी घटना के बाद वे आपके Bitcoins को खो सकते हैं। आज, कोई भी वेब बटुआ सेवाएं पर्याप्त बीमा प्रदान नही करता जो बैंक की तरह मूल्य जोड़े रखता हो। "
|
||||
walletwebwarningok: "ठीक, मुझे समझ गया।"
|
||||
wallettrustinfo: "तीसरी पार्टी"
|
||||
wallettrustinfotxt: "यह बटुआ डिफ़ॉल्ट रूप से एक केंद्रीकृत सेवा पर निर्भर करता है और तीसरी पार्टी पर निश्चित रुप से विश्वास की आवश्यकता है। यह तीसरी पार्टी हालांकि आपके बटुए को नियंत्रित नहीं करती। जरुरी समय पर बैकअप और मजबूत पासवर्ड के उपयोग की हमेशा सिफारिश दी जाती है।"
|
||||
development:
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin - डेवलपमेंट (विकास)"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Bitcoin विकास"
|
||||
summary: "वर्तमान विनिर्देश, सॉफ्टवेयर और डेवलपर्स के बारे में और अधिक जानकारी प्राप्त करें।"
|
||||
spec: "प्रलेखन"
|
||||
spectxt: "यदि आप Bitcoin के तकनीकी विवरण, मौजूदा उपकरणों का उपयोग और APIs, के बारे में और अधिक सीखने में रुचि रखते हैं तो आपको सलाह दी जाती है कि आप शुरु करें <a href=\"/en/developer-documentation\">डेवलपर दस्तावेज़ीकरण</a> के साथ।"
|
||||
coredev: "कोर डेवलपर्स"
|
||||
disclosure: "जिम्मेदार प्रकटीकरण"
|
||||
disclosuretxt: "यदि आप Bitcoin से संबंधित जोखिम पाते हैं तो गैर महत्वपूर्ण कमजोरियाँ अंग्रेज़ी ईमेल से भेज सकते हैं किसी भी कोर डेवलपर्स को या उपर दिए गए निजी Bitcoin सुरक्षा मेलिंग को। एक गैर महत्वपूर्ण जोखिम का उदाहरण है, महंगी सेवा से नकार। आलोचनात्मक जोखिम जो अनएन्क्रिप्टेड ईमेल से भेजना संवेदनशील होते हैं, उनको PGP कुंजी (यों) के साथ एन्क्रिप्टेड कर के एक या अधिक कोर डेवलपर्स को भेजे जाने चाहिए। "
|
||||
involve: "शामिल होएं"
|
||||
involvetxt1: "Bitcoin मुफ्त सॉफ्टवेयर है और कोई भी निर्माता इस परियोजना में योगदान कर सकता हैं। आप की जरूरत का सब <a href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin\"> GitHub भंडार </a> में है। कृपया README में वर्णित विकास पढ़ कर प्रक्रिया का पालन करें, साथ ही गुणवत्ता कोड प्रदान कर के सभी निर्देशों का सम्मान करें। "
|
||||
involvetxt2: "विकास चर्चा GitHub पर की जाती है और <a href=\"http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/forum.php?forum_name=bitcoin-development\">bitcoin-विकास</a> SourceForge पर मेलिंग सूची। कम औपचारिक विकास चर्चा irc.freenode.net #bitcoin-dev पर होती है। (<a href=\"#\" onclick=\"freenodeShow(event);\"> वेब इंटरफेस </a> <a href = \"http://bitcoinstats.com\"> लॉग </a>). "
|
||||
more: "अधिक मुफ्त सॉफ्टवेयर परियोजनाएं"
|
||||
moremore: "अधिक दिखाएँ ..."
|
||||
contributors: "Bitcoin कोर योगदानकर्ता"
|
||||
contributorsorder: "(प्रतिबद्ध संख्या के हिसाब से क्रमवार )"
|
||||
download:
|
||||
title: "डाउनलोड - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Bitcoin कोर डाउनलोड"
|
||||
latestversion: "नवीनतम संस्करण:"
|
||||
download: "Bitcoin डाउनलोड कोर "
|
||||
downloados: "या अपना ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम का चयन करें"
|
||||
downloadsig: "रिलीज हस्ताक्षर सत्यापित"
|
||||
sourcecode: "स्रोत कोड प्राप्त करें"
|
||||
versionhistory: "संस्करण इतिहास दिखाएं"
|
||||
notelicense: "Bitcoin कोर समुदाय संचालित है <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/about/what-is-free-software\"> मुफ्त सॉफ्टवेयर </a> परियोजना <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\"> MIT लाइसेंस </a> के तरत जारी है। "
|
||||
notesync: "Bitcoin कोर का प्रारंभिक सिंक पूरा होने के लिए बहुत समय ले सकता है। आपको सुनिश्चित करना चाहिए कि सारे के लिए आपके पास पर्याप्त बैंडविड्थ और भंडारण है। <a href=\"https://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">block chain size</a> यदि आप टॉरेंट फ़ाइल डाउनलोड करना जानते हैं तो आप इस प्रतिक्रीया को तेज कर सकते हैं \nBitcoin कोर डेटा निर्देशिका में, सॉफ्टवेयर शुरू करने से पहले यह डाल कर <a href=\"/bin/blockchain/bootstrap.dat.torrent\">bootstrap.dat</a> ( ब्लॉक चेन की पिछली प्रतिलिपि ) "
|
||||
patient: "आपको धैर्य रखना होगा"
|
||||
events:
|
||||
title: "सम्मेलन और घटनाए - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "सम्मेलन और घटनाएं"
|
||||
pagedesc: "दुनिया भर के सभी घटना, सम्मेलन और मीटिंग खोजिए।"
|
||||
upcoming: "आगामी घटनाए और सम्मेलन"
|
||||
meetupbitcointalk: "<a href=\"https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?board=86.0\"> Bitcoin मीटिेंग, BitcoinTalk पर </a>"
|
||||
meetupwiki: "Wiki पर <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Meetups\"> Bitcoin मीटिेंग </a>"
|
||||
meetupgroup: "<a href=\"http://bitcoin.meetup.com/\"> Bitcoin समूह मीटिेंंग</a>"
|
||||
faq:
|
||||
title: "प्र:उ - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न"
|
||||
summary: "Bitcoin के बारे में अक्सर पुछे जाने वाले सवाल और मिथक के उत्तर खोजें।"
|
||||
table: "सामग्री की तालिका"
|
||||
general: "आम"
|
||||
whatisbitcoin: "Bitcoin क्या है?"
|
||||
whatisbitcointxt1: "Bitcoin एक आम सहमति नेटवर्क है जो एक नई भुगतान प्रणाली और डिजिटल पैसा को पूरी तरह से सक्षम बनाती है। यह पहली विकेन्द्रीकृत सहकर्मी से सहकर्मी भुगतान नेटवर्क है जो अपने उपयोगकर्ताओं के द्वारा संचालित है बिना किसी केंद्रीय सत्ता या व्यक्ति के। एक उपयोगकर्ता के नजरिए से Bitcoin इंटरनेट के लिए नकद की तरह ही है। Bitcoin आज सबसे प्रमुख <a href=\"http://financialcryptography.com/mt/archives/001325.html\">ट्रिपल प्रविष्टि बहीखाता प्रणाली</a> के रूप में देखा जा सकता है। "
|
||||
creator: "Bitcoin का निर्माण किसने किया?"
|
||||
creatortxt1: "Bitcoin, \"क्रिप्टो मुद्रा\" नामक अवधारणा का पहला कार्यान्वयन है जो पहली बार, cypherpunks मेलिंग सूची पर, Wei Dai द्वारा 1998 में वर्णित किया गया था, पैसे के एक नए रूप का सुझाव देते हुए जो निर्माण और सौदे को नियंत्रित करने के लिए, केंद्रीय सत्ता के बदले, क्रिप्टोग्राफी का उपयोग करता है। पहला Bitcoin विनिर्देश और अवधारणा का सबूत 2009 में एक क्रिप्टोग्राफी मेलिंग सूची में, Satoshi Nakamoto द्वारा प्रकाशित किया गया था। अपने बारे मे बगैर कुछ ज्यादा बताए, Satoshi ने 2010 में इस परियोजना को छोड़ दिया। यह समुदाय बाद में तेजी से बढ़ती गई <a href=\"#development#\"> कई डेवलपर्स</a> के साथ जो Bitcoin पर काम कर रहे है।"
|
||||
creatortxt2: "Satoshi की गुमनामी अक्सर अनुचित चिंताओं को उठाती थी, जिनमें से कई Bitcoin के खुले स्रोत प्रकृति से जुड़े गलतफहमी की वजह से। Bitcoin प्रोटोकॉल और सॉफ्टवेयर खुले तौर पर प्रकाशित किया जाता है और दुनिया भर में कोई भी डेवलपर कोड की समीक्षाण कर सकता है या Bitcoin सॉफ्टवेयर का अपने खुद का संशोधित संस्करण बना सकता है। वर्तमान के डेवलपर्स की तरह, Satoshi का प्रभाव उनके किए हुए परिवर्तन तक ही सीमित था जो लोग अपना रहे थे और इसलिए उनका Bitcoin पर नियंत्रण नहीं था। इसलिए Bitcoin के आविष्कारक की पहचान आज उतने ही माने रखती है जितनी के कागज के आविष्कारिक के पहचान की।"
|
||||
whocontrols: "Bitcoin नेटवर्क को कौन नियंत्रित करता है?"
|
||||
whocontrolstxt1: "कोई भी Bitcoin नेटवर्क का मालिक नही है जैसे कोई भी ईमेल तकनीक का मालिक नही है। Bitcoin दुनिया भर के सभी Bitcoin उपयोगकर्ताओं द्वारा नियंत्रित किया जाता है। हालाकी डेवलपर्स सॉफ्टवेयर में सुधार ला रहे हैं, वे Bitcoin प्रोटोकॉल में कोई परिवर्तन लाने के लिए मजबूर नहीं कर सकते क्यों कि उपयोगकर्ता कोई भी सॉफ्टवेयर और संस्करण का उपयोग करने के लिए स्वतंत्र हैं। एक दूसरे से अनुकूल बने रहने के लिए सभी उपयोगकर्ताओं को एक ही नियम का पालन करने वाले साफ्टवेयर का इस्तमाल करना होता है। Bitcoin तभी सही ढंग से काम कर सकता है जब सभी उपयोगकर्ताओं के बीच पूर्ण सहमति हो। इसलिए, सभी उपयोगकर्ताओं और डेवलपर्स में इस आम सहमति की रक्षा का मजबूत प्रोत्साहन होता है। "
|
||||
howitworks: "Bitcoin कैसे काम करता है?"
|
||||
howitworkstxt1: "एक उपयोगकर्ता के नजरिए से Bitcoin केवल एक मोबाइल ऐप है या कंप्यूटर प्रोग्राम से ज्यादा कुछ नहीं है, जो उनको निजी Bitcoin बटुआ प्रदान करता है और उसके द्वारा भुगतान भेजने और प्राप्त करने देता है। इस तरह Bitcoin अधिकांश तरिके से उपयोगकर्ताओं के लिए काम करता है।"
|
||||
howitworkstxt2: "पर्दे के पीछे, Bitcoin नेटवर्क \"ब्लॉक श्रृंखला\" नामक एक सार्वजनिक बही खाता साझा कर रहा है। इस खाते में सभी संसाधित लेन - देन होते हैं, जो उपयोगकर्ता के कंप्यूटर को प्रत्येक लेन - देन की वैधता की पुष्टि करने की अनुमति देते हैं। प्रत्येक लेन - देन की प्रामाणिकता डिजिटल हस्ताक्षर के द्वारा संरक्षित होती है, जो भेजने वाले पते से संबंधित होती है, जिस कि वजह से उपयोगकर्ता का अपने खुद के पते से पैसे भेजने पर पूरा नियंत्रण होता है। इसके अलावा, विशेष हार्डवेयर की कंप्यूटिंग शक्ति के उपयोग से किसी को भी लेनदेन की प्रक्रिया कोई भी कर के इस सेवा के लिए Bitcoins पर इनाम कमा सकता है। इसे \"खनन या मायनिंग\" कहा जाता है। Bitcoin के बारे में और अधिक जानने के लिए, आप <a href=\"#how-it-works#\">समर्पित पेज</a> और <a href=\"/bitcoin.pdf\">मूल कागज</a> से परामर्श कर सकते हैं।"
|
||||
used: "क्या वास्तव में लोग Bitcoin का इस्तेमाल करते हैं?"
|
||||
usedtxt1: "हाँ Bitcoin का उपयोग करने वाले <a href=\"http://usebitcoins.info/\">व्यवसायों और व्यक्तियों की संक्खा बढ रही है </a> इस मे ईंट और रेत व्यवसाय जैसे रेस्तरां, अपार्टमेंट, कानून फर्म और और लोकप्रिय ऑनलाइन सेवाएं जैसे NameCheap, वर्डप्रेस, रेडिट और Flattr शामिस है। हालाकी Bitcoin अपेक्षाकृत नया तरिता है, वह तेज़ी से आगे बढ़ रहा है। अगस्त 2013 के अंत में, <ahref=\"https://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\">संचलन में सभी bitcoins का मूल्य</a>लाखों दैनिक bitcoins डॉलर दैनिक विमर्श के साथ, अमेरिका $ 1.5 बिलियन से अधिक हो गया। "
|
||||
acquire: "कोई bitcoins कैसे हासिल कर सकता है?"
|
||||
acquireli1: "वस्तुओं या सेवाओं के भुगतान के रूप में."
|
||||
acquireli2: "Bitcoins खरीद <a href=\"http://howtobuybitcoins.info\">Bitcoin ऐक्सचेंज पर </a>."
|
||||
acquireli3: "bitcoins ऐक्सचेंज करें <a href=\"https://localbitcoins.com/\">किसी नज़दिकी व्यक्ति</a> के साथ।"
|
||||
acquireli4: "प्रतिस्पर्धी <a href=\"http://www.bitcoinmining.com/\"> खनन </a> के माध्यम से Bitcoins कमाएं"
|
||||
acquiretxt1: "जब कि क्रेडिट कार्ड या पेपैल भुगतान के बदले में Bitcoins बेचने की इच्छा रखने वाले व्यक्तियों को खोजना संभव हो सकता है, ज्यादातर ऐक्सचेंज बाजार इन भुगतान विधियों द्वारा फंडिंग की अनुमति नहीं देता। यह इसलिए क्योंकी कभी कोई पेपैल के साथ Bitcoins खरीदता है और फिर आधे लेन - देन को उलटाता है। इसे आमतौर पर चार्जबैक कहा जाता है।"
|
||||
makepayment: "Bitcoin के साथ भुगतान करना कितना मुश्किल है?"
|
||||
makepaymenttxt1: "Bitcoin से भुगतान करना डेबिट या क्रेडिट कार्ड की खरीद से आसान हैं, और व्यापारी खाते के बिना प्राप्त किया जा सकता है। भुगतान, अपने कंप्यूटर या स्मार्टफोन पर, बटुआ ऐपलिकेशन से किया जाता है, प्राप्तकर्ता का पता और भुगतान की राशि प्रवेश कर के, भेजे-सेंड दबा कर। प्राप्तकर्ता का पता आसानी से दर्ज करने के लिए कई पर्स, QR कोड स्कैन करके या NFC प्रौद्योगिकी की मदद से, दो फोनो को एक साथ छू कर, पता प्राप्त कर सकते हैं।"
|
||||
advantages: "Bitcoin के फायदे क्या हैं?"
|
||||
advantagesli1: "<em> <b> भुगतान स्वतंत्रता </b> </em> - यह तुरंत, किसी भी समय दुनिया में किसी भी जगह, कितने भी पैसे भेजने या प्राप्त करना संभव करता है। कोई बैंक की छुट्टी या सीमा। Bitcoin अपने उपयोगकर्ताओं को अपने पैसे पर पूरा नियंत्रण रखने देता है। "
|
||||
advantagesli2: "<em> <b> बहुत कम फीस </b> </em> - Bitcoin भुगतान कार्रवाई पर वर्तमान में कोई शुल्क नही और है तो बेहद छोटी फीस। प्राथमिकता संसाधन प्राप्त करने के लिए, जिससे नेटवर्क के द्वारा लेनदेन की तेजी से पुष्टि होती है, उपयोगकर्ता लेनदेन के साथ फीस शामिल कर सकते हैं। साथ ही, प्रसंस्करण लेनदेन में व्यापारियों की सहायता के लिए व्यापारी प्रोसेसर मौजूद हैं, जो के bitcoins को फिएट मुद्रा में परिवर्तित कर के रोज़ना सीधे व्यापारियों के बैंक खातों में धनराशि जमा करते हैं। क्यों की ये सेवाएं Bitcoin पर आधारित करते हैं, पेपैल या क्रेडिट कार्ड नेटवर्क के तुलना वे बहुत कम फीस लेते है। "
|
||||
advantagesli3: "<em> <b> व्यापारियों के लिए कम जोखिम </b> </em> - Bitcoin लेनदेन, सुरक्षित, अपरिवर्तनीय होते हैं और इसमें ग्राहकों की व्यक्तिगत निजी जानकारी शामिल नहीं होती। इससे व्यापारियों को नुकसान से सुरक्षा मिलती है, जो के धोखा या धोखाधड़ी शुल्क की वजह से हो सकती है। साथ ही PCI अनुपालन की कोई जरुरत नही होती। जहां क्रेडिट कार्ड या तो उपलब्ध नहीं हैं या रेट बहुत ज्यादा होते हैं वहां व्यापारी आसानी से नए बाजारों में विस्तार कर सकते हैं। इसका मतलब कम फी, बड़ा बाज़ार और कम प्रशासनिक लागत। "
|
||||
advantagesli4: "<em> <b> सुरक्षा और नियंत्रण </b> </em> - Bitcoin उपयोगकर्ताओं को अपने लेनदेन पर पूरा नियंत्रण होता है; जैसा के अन्य भुगतान विधियों में हो सकता है. यहां व्यापारि अवांछित या छिपा शुल्क लागू करने के लिए मजबूर नही कर सकते। Bitcoin पर भुगतान व्यक्तिगत जानकारी, जो लेन-देन से जुड़े हो, के बिना की जा सकती है। यह पहचान की चोरी के खिलाफ मजबूत सुरक्षा प्रदान करता है। बैकअप और एन्क्रिप्शन के साथ. Bitcoin उपयोगकर्ता अपने पैसे की भी रक्षा कर सकते हैं।"
|
||||
advantagesli5: "<em> <b> पारदर्शी और निष्प्क्ष </b> </em> - किसी को सत्यापित करने के लिए और वास्तविक समय में उपयोग करने के लिए Bitcoin पैसे की आपूर्ति के विषय में, ब्लॉक श्रृंखला पर <a href=\"https://www.biteasy.com/\">सभी जानकारी </a> आसानी से उपलब्ध है। क्योंकि यह कूट-लेखन द्वारा सुरक्षित है कोई व्यक्ति या संगठन Bitcoin प्रोटोकॉल पर नियंत्रण या हेरफेर नही कर सकते। पूरी तरह से निष्प्क्ष, पारदर्शी और पूर्वानुमान होने के लिए. Bitcoin पर पूरी तरह ,से भरोसा किया जा सकता है। "
|
||||
disadvantages: "Bitcoin पर असुवीधाएं क्या हैं?"
|
||||
disadvantagesli1: "<em> <b>स्वीकृति का परिमाण </b> </em> - बहुत से लोग अभी भी Bitcoin से अनजान हैं। इन पर के फायदों का लाभ उठाने के लिए कई कारोबार Bitcoins को स्वीकार रहे हैं, लेकिन फीर भी सूची अभी छोटी है और <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_effect\"> नेटवर्क प्रभाव </a> से लाभ उठाने के लिए इसमे बढाव की जरूरत है। "
|
||||
disadvantagesli2: "<em> <b> अस्थिरता </b> </em> - <a href=\"https://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/\"> कुल मूल्य </a> bitcoins की जो संचलन में है और Bitcoin का उपयोग करने वाले व्यवसायों की संख्या, क्या हो सकती है इसकी तुलना में काफी छोटी है। इसलिए, अपेक्षाकृत छोटी घटनाएं, ट्रेड, या व्यावसायिक गतिविधि कीमत को कम प्रभावित कर सकते हैं। सिद्धांत रूप से यह अस्थिरता कम होती जाएगी जैसे जैसे BitCoin बाजार और प्रौद्योगिकी का विकास होगा। दुनिया में किसी ने अभी तक ऐसे प्रकार का पैसा नही देखा है और इसका अंदाज़ा लगाना मुश्किल (और रोमांचक भी) है कि आगे यह क्या क्या गुल खिलाएगा। "
|
||||
disadvantagesli3: "<em> <b> चल रहे विकास </b> </em> - Bitcoin सॉफ्टवेयर अभी बीटा में है और इसके कई खासियतों पर जोरों से काम शुरु है। Bitcoin को अधिक सुरक्षित और आम जनता के लिए सुलभ बनाने के लिए, नए उपकरणों, सुविधाओं और सेवाओं पर काम किया जा रहा है। इनमें से कुछ अभी भी हर किसी के लिए उपलब्ध नहीं हैं। अधिकांश Bitcoin व्यवसाय नए हैं और कोई बीमा की पेशकश नही करते। सामान्य रुप से Bitcoin अभी भी विकासशील है।"
|
||||
trust: "लोग Bitcoin पर भरोसा क्यों करते हैं?"
|
||||
trusttxt1: "क्यों की इस पर विश्वास की कोई आवश्यकता नही है इसलिए Bitcoin पर भरोसा किया जा सकता है। Bitcoin पूरी तरह से खुला स्रोत और विकेन्द्रीकृत है। इसलिए, दुनिया का कोई भी डेवलपर Bitcoin कैसे काम करता है यह सत्यापित कर सकता है। किसी के भी द्वारा वास्तविक समय में, अस्तित्व में जारी किए गए सभी लेनदेन और Bitcoins पारदर्शी परामर्श किए जा सकते हैं। सभी भुगतान तीसरी पार्टी पर निर्भर होने के बिना किए जा सकत हैं और पूरी प्रणाली, भारी सहकर्मी की समीक्षा और क्रिप्टोग्राफिक एल्गोरिदम, जैसे ऑनलाइन बैंकिंग के लिए इस्तेमाल किए जाते हैं, से सुरक्षित है। कोई संगठन या व्यक्ति, Bitcoin नियंत्रित नही कर सकते और नेटवर्क सुरक्षित रहता है भले ही इस पर के सभी उपयोगकर्ता विश्वास योग्य ना हो।"
|
||||
makemoney: "क्या मै Bitcoin के साथ पैसा बना सकत हुं?"
|
||||
makemoneytxt1: "आपको Bitcoin या कोई भी उभरते प्रौद्योगिकी के साथ अमीर बनने की उम्मीद नही करनी चाहिए। कोई भी चीज़ जो बहुत अच्छी दिखाई दे लेकिन बुनियादी आर्थिक नियम का पालन नही करती उनसे हमेशा सावधान रहना चाहिए। "
|
||||
makemoneytxt2: "Bitcoin बढता नवाचार है और इसपर व्यापार का अवसर हैं जिस पर जोखिम शामिल है। हालाकी अब तक यह बहुत तेज से विकसित हो रहा है, Bitcoin प्रगती करता रहेगा इसकी कोई गारंटी नहीं है। Bitcoin से संबंधित किसी पर समय और संसाधनों का निवेश करने में उद्यमशीलता की आवश्यकता होती है। Bitcoin साथ पैसे बनाने के विभिन्न तरीके हैं जैसे खनन, अटकलें या नया कारोबार शुरु करना। ये सारे तरीके प्रतिस्पर्धी हैं और लाभ की कोई गारंटी नहीं है। प्रत्येक व्यक्ति पर निर्भर है कि वे सभी परियोजना के लागत और जोखिम का उचित मूल्यांकन करे। "
|
||||
virtual: "क्या Bitcoin पूरी तरह से आभासी है?"
|
||||
virtualtxt1: " Bitcoin क्रेडिट कार्ड और ऑनलाइन बैंकिंग नेटवर्क के जितना ही आभासी है, जो लोग प्रतिदिन इस्तेमाल करते हैं। Bitcoin ऑनलाइन और भौतिक भंडार में भुगतान के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जा सकता है जैसे कि पैसा किसी अन्य रुप में। Bitcoins भौतिक रूप में भी बदला जा सकता है जैसे <a href=\"https://www.casascius.com/\">Casascius क्वाइंस</a> लेकिन मोबाइल फोन से भुगतान करना आमतौर पर अधिक सुविधाजनक रहता है। Bitcoin शेष, एक बड़े वितरित नेटवर्क में जमा हो जाते हैं और वे धोखे से किसी के भी द्वारा बदले नहीं जा सकते। दूसरे शब्दों में, Bitcoin उपयोगकर्ताओं को अपने धन पर विशेष नियंत्रण होता है और क्योंकि Bitcoins आभासी हैं, सिर्फ इसलिए वे गायब नही हो सकते। "
|
||||
anonymous: "Bitcoin गुमनाम है?"
|
||||
anonymoustxt1: "Bitcoin अपने उपयोगकर्ताओं को गोपनीयता के स्वीकार्य स्तर के साथ, किसी भी पैसे के ही तरह, भुगतान भेजने और प्राप्त करने के सुवीधा देती है। हालांकि, Bitcoin गुमनाम नहीं है और नकद रूपयों की तरह गोपनीयता का स्तर पेशकश नहीं कर सकती। Bitcoin का उपयोग व्यापक सार्वजनिक रिकॉर्ड छोड़ाता है। <a href=\"#protect-your-privacy#\"> विभिन्न तंत्र </a> उपयोगकर्ताओं की गोपनीयता की रक्षा के लिए मौजूद हैं, इसके अलावा कई और अभी बनाए जा रहे हैं। हालांकि, अब भी काफी काम करना बाकी है जब इन सुविधाओं का सब Bitcoin उपयोगकर्ता सही ढंग से उपयोग कर सकते हैं। "
|
||||
anonymoustxt2: "Bitcoin के साथ निजी लेनदेन गैरकानूनी उद्देश्यों के लिए इस्तेमाल किए जा सकता हैं, इस मुद्दे पर कुछ चिंता व्यक्त किए गए हैं। हालाकि, ध्यान में रखना चाहिए कि Bitcoin को भी निस्संदेह समान नियमों के अधीन हो पड़ेगा जैसे वित्तीय प्रणाली के अंदर पहले से ही जो नियम मौजूद हैं। Bitcoin नकद से अधिक बेनामी नहीं हो सकता और ना तो यह आपराधिक जांच की संभावना को रोक सकता। इसके अतिरिक्त, Bitcoin बड़ी रेंज के वित्तीय अपराधों को रोकने के लिए बनाया गया है।"
|
||||
lost: "क्या होता है जब Bitcoins खो जाते हैं?"
|
||||
losttxt1: "जब उपयोगकर्ता अपना बटुआ खो देता है, इसका मतलब संचलन से पैसा बाहर निकल जाता है। खोए bitcoins अभी भी ब्लॉक श्रृंखला में रहते हैं अन्य bitcoins की तरह। हालांकि, खोए हुए Bitcoins हमेशा के लिए निष्क्रिय हो जाते हैं क्योकि, किसी को भी निजी कुंजी (याँ) खोजने के कोई रास्ता नहीं होता जिससे उन्हें खर्च कर सके। आपूर्ति और मांग के कानून के वजह से जो बाकी है उनकी मांग उच्च होगी और क्षतिपूर्ति करने के लिए मूल्य में वृद्धि भी।"
|
||||
scale: "क्या Bitcoin एक प्रमुख भुगतान नेटवर्क बन सकता है?"
|
||||
scaletxt1: "आज की तुलना Bitcoin नेटवर्क प्रति सेकंड, बहुत अधिक लेनदेन प्रक्रिया कर सकता है। लेकिन, प्रमुख क्रेडिट कार्ड नेटवर्क के स्तर तक पहुंचने के लिए अभी पूरी तरह से तैयार नहीं है। वर्तमान सीमाओं को हटाने के लिए और भविष्य की आवश्यकताओं को पूरा करने के लिए काम अभी जारी है। शुरुवात से ही, Bitcoin नेटवर्क का हर पहलू हर समय मज़बूत, अनुकूलन, और विशेषज्ञता बनाया जा रहा है और आशा है कि कुछ सालों तक ऐसे ही चलता रहेगा। जैसे जैसे अधिक लोग यहां आएंगे, अधिक Bitcoin उपयोगकर्ता, हल्के ग्राहकों का उपयोग करेंगे और पूरा नेटवर्क नोड्स एक और विशेष सेवा बन सकते है। अधिक जानकारी के लिए देखें <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Scalability\">मापनीयता</a> Wiki के पन्नों पर। "
|
||||
legal: "कानूनी "
|
||||
islegal: "क्या Bitcoin कानूनी है?"
|
||||
islegaltxt1: "जितना हम जानते हैं, हमारे ख्याल से, ज्यादातर क्षेत्राधिकारों में <a href=\"http://bitlegal.io/\">Bitcoin गैर कानूनी नही</a> बताया गया है। हालांकि, कुछ क्षेत्राधिकार (जैसे अर्जेंटीना और रूस) कड़े रूप से विदेशी मुद्राओं पर प्रतिबंध लगाते हैं। अन्य क्षेत्राधिकार (जैसे थाईलैंड) कुछ संस्थाओं पर, जैसे Bitcoin एक्सचेंज, के लाइसेंस पर सीमा लगा सकते हैं।"
|
||||
islegaltxt2: "विभिन्न क्षेत्राधिकार से विनियामक, व्यक्तियों और व्यवसायों को औपचारिक, विनियमित वित्तीय प्रणाली के साथ इस नई प्रौद्योगिकी को एकीकृत करने के नियमों को प्रदान करने के लिए कदम उठा रहे हैं। उदाहरण के लिए, द फैयनैंशियल क्राइम एंफोर्समेंट नेटवर्क (FinCEN), संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका के राजकोष विभाग के एक ब्यूरो ने आभासी मुद्राओं से जुड़े कुछ गतिविधियों की विशेषता कैसे करता है, गैर बाध्यकारी मार्गदर्शन जारी किया है। "
|
||||
illegalactivities: "अवैध गतिविधियों के लिए क्या Bitcoin उपयोगी है?"
|
||||
illegalactivitiestxt1: "Bitcoin पैसा है, और पैसा हमेशा दोनों कानूनी और गैरकानूनी उद्देश्यों के लिए इस्तेमाल किया गया है। वित्त अपराध करने के मामले में नकद, क्रेडिट कार्ड और वर्तमान बैंकिंग सिस्टम व्यापक रूप Bitcoin को पार करता है। भुगतान प्रणाली में Bitcoin महत्वपूर्ण नवीनता ला सकता हैं और इस तरह के नवाचार का लाभ उनके संभावित कमियों से कई अधिक माने जाते हैं।"
|
||||
illegalactivitiestxt2: "Bitcoin, पैसे को अधिक सुरक्षित बनाने और कई रूपों के वित्तीय अपराध के खिलाफ एक महत्वपूर्ण सुरक्षा के रूप में काम करने के लिए एक बड़ा कदम है। जैसे कि, नकली Bitcoins पूरी तरह से असंभव है। उपयोगकर्ता को अपने भुगतान पर पूर्ण नियंत्रण होता है और अननुमोदित शुल्क प्राप्त नहीं कर सकते जैसा कि क्रेडिट कार्डों के फ्रॉडों में होता है। Bitcoin लेनदेन अपरिवर्तनीय होते हैं और धोखाधड़ी शुल्क के प्रतिरक्षक। बहुत मजबूत और उपयोगी तंत्र का उपयोग कर के, जैसे बैकअप, एन्क्रिप्शन, और कई हस्ताक्षर, Bitcoin पैसे चोरी और नुकसान से सुरक्षित रखत है।"
|
||||
illegalactivitiestxt3: " कुछ मद्दे उठाए गए हैं कि क्योंकि Bitcoin गुप्त और अपरिवर्तनीय भुगतान करने के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जा सकता है, वह अपराधियों को अधिक आकर्षित कर सकता है। हालाकि, ये सुविधाएं पहले से ही, नकद और तार हस्तांतरण में मौजूद है और पूरी तरह से स्थापित हो चुका है। Bitcoin आपराधिक जांच को नही रोक सकता। इसके पहले कि उनके लाभ अच्छी तरह से समझे मे आए, सामान्य तौर पर, महत्वपूर्ण सफलताओं को विवादास्पद होना आम है। इसका उदाहरण, कई अन्य के मं इंटरनेट है। "
|
||||
regulated: "क्या Bitcoin विनियमित किया जा सकता है?"
|
||||
regulatedtxt1: "Bitcoin प्रोटोकॉल, लगभग सभी उपयोगकर्ताओं के सहयोग के बिना, जो उपयोग के लिए खुद सॉफ्टवेयर चुनते हैं, संशोधित नहीं किया जा सकता। वैश्विक Bitcoin नेटवर्क के नियमों को स्थानीय प्राधिकारी को विशेष अधिकार आवंटित करने का प्रयास, व्यर्थ है। कोई भी अमीर संगठन खनन हार्डवेयर में निवेश कर के नेटवर्क के आधे कंप्यूटिंग शक्ति को नियंत्रित कर के हाल ही के लेनदेन को ब्लॉक या रिवर्स करने में सक्षम हो सकती है। हालांकि, इसकी कोई गारंटी नहीं है कि, वे इस शक्ति को बनाए रख सकते हैं, क्यों कि इस में उन्हे दुनिया में अन्य सभी खनिकों से ज्यादा निवेश करने की आवश्यकता होगी। "
|
||||
regulatedtxt2: "हालांकि, किसी भी अन्य साधन के समान, Bitcoin के उपयोग को विनियमित करना संभव है। बस डॉलर की ही तरह, Bitcoin विविध उद्देश्यों के लिए इस्तेमाल किए जा सकते हैं, प्रत्येक क्षेत्राधिकार के कानूनों पर आधारित जिनमें से कुछ वैध या अवैध माने जा सकते हैं। इस संबंध में, Bitcoin किसी अन्य उपकरण या संसाधन से अलग नहीं है और प्रत्येक देश में अलग नियमों के अधीन होते हैं। Bitcoin का उपयोग, प्रतिबंधक नियमों से मुश्किल बनाए जा सकते हैं। यह निर्धारित करना कठिन है कि कितने प्रतिशत उपयोगकर्ता इस प्रौद्योगिकी का उपयोग करते रहेंगे। जो सरकार Bitcoin पर प्रतिबंध लगाना चुनती है वह घरेलू कारोबार और बाजार को विकासशील वनाने से रोकती है, और अन्य देश में इस नवाचार को स्थानांतरण करती है। हमेशा की तरह, नियामकों की चुनौती यह है कि वे कुशल समाधान विकसित करें साथ ही नए उभरते बाजारों की वृद्धि को रोके नहीं। "
|
||||
taxes: "Bitcoin और करों के बारे में क्या?"
|
||||
taxestxt1: "Bitcoin फिएट मुद्रा किसी भी अधिकार क्षेत्र में कानूनी निविदा स्थिति के साथ, नहीं है। लेकिन बिना इस्तेमाल किए जाने वाले माध्यम के, अक्सर कर देयता अर्जित होते हैं। कई अलग अलग अधिकार क्षेत्र में कानूनों मे विस्तृत विविधता है जिसके कारण आय, बिक्री, पेरोल, पूंजीगत लाभ या कुछ अन्य फार्म के कर देयता Bitcoin के साथ उत्पन्न हो सकते हैं।"
|
||||
consumer: "Bitcoin और उपभोक्ता संरक्षण के बारे में क्या?"
|
||||
consumertxt1: "Bitcoin अपनी शर्तों पर कारोबार करने के लिए लोगों को मुक्त करता है। प्रत्येक उपयोगकर्ता भुगतान भेजने और प्राप्त कर सकता है उसी तरह जैसे नगद में होता है, लेकिन वे अधिक जटिल ठेके में भी भाग ले सकते हैं। एकाधिक हस्ताक्षर लेन - देन, नेटवर्क के द्वारा स्वीकार किए जाते हैं, यदि, एक परिभाषित, निश्चित संख्या का समूह, लेन - देन पर हस्ताक्षर करने के लिए सहमत होते हैं। इससे, भविष्य में, अभिनव विवाद मध्यस्थता सेवा विकसित हो सकते हैं। इस तरह की सेवाए तीसरी पार्टी को, दूसरे पार्जटीयों के बीच असहमति होने पर, उनके पैसे पर नियंत्रण दिए बिना, मंजूरी या अस्वीकार की अनुमति देता है। नकद और अन्य भुगतान के तरीके के विरोध, Bitcoin हमेशा एक सार्वजनिक सबूत छोड़ता है कि लेन - देन हुआ था जो धोखाधड़ी प्रथाओं के साथ कारोबार के खिलाफ, संभवतः सहारा में इस्तेमाल किए जा सकते हैं।"
|
||||
consumertxt2: "यह भी जानना योग्य है कि जबकि, व्यापारि आमतौर पर अपने सार्वजनिक प्रतिष्ठा पर निर्भर करते हैं, व्यवसाय में जमें रहने और अपने कर्मचारियों को भुगतान करने के लिए, नए उपभोक्ताओं के साथ व्यवहार करने के लिए उन्हे उसी स्तर की पहुँच नहीं होती। जिस तरह Bitcoin काम करता है, दोनों व्यक्तियों और व्यापारों को धोखाधड़ी के चार्जबैक के खिलाफ की रक्षा देता है. उपभोक्ता को और अधिक सुरक्षा मांगने का विकल्प देते हुए, जब वे किसी व्यापारी पर भरोसा करने को तैयार ना हो तो।"
|
||||
economy: "अर्थव्यवस्था "
|
||||
bitcoinscreated: "Bitcoins कैसे निर्माण होते हैं?"
|
||||
bitcoinscreatedtxt1: "नए Bitcoins प्रतिस्पर्धी और विकेन्द्रीकृत प्रक्रिया जिसे \"खनन\" कहते हैं, द्वारा उत्पन्न होते हैं। इस प्रक्रिया में व्यक्ति उनके सेवाओं के लिए नेटवर्क द्वारा पुरस्कृत किए जाए यह जरुरी है। Bitcoin खनिक, विशेष हार्डवेयर के उपयोग से लेनदेन और नेटवर्क सुरक्षा कार्रवाई कर के बदले में नए bitcoins एकत्रित कर रहे हैं"
|
||||
bitcoinscreatedtxt2: "Bitcoin प्रोटोकॉल इस तरह से बने हैं कि नए bitcoins एक निश्चित दर पर बनाए जाते हैं। यह Bitcoin खनन को एक बहुत ही प्रतिस्पर्धी व्यापार बनाता है। जब अधिक खनिक नेटवर्क में शामिल होते हैं यह लाभ बनाने के लिए मुश्किल खड़ा करते हैं और अपने परिचालन लागत में कटौती करने के लिए, खनिक को दक्षता की तलाश करना चाहिए। अपने लाभ को बढ़ाने के लिए, कोई केंद्रीय सत्ता या डेवलपर का प्रणाली पर नियंत्रण होता है या हेरफेर करने के की शक्ति। दुनिया में हर Bitcoin नोड, हर उसे अस्वीकार कर देंगे जो नियमों का पालन नहीं करते।"
|
||||
bitcoinscreatedtxt3: "Bitcoins एक कम और उम्मीद के मुताबिक दर पर बनाए जाते हैं। हर साल बनाए गए नए Bitcoins की संख्या समय के साथ आधे हो जाते हैं जब तक Bitcoin जारी करना पूरी तरह बंद होता है, कुल 21 लाख bitcoins के साथ। इस समय, Bitcoin खनिक शायद विशेष रूप से, कई छोटे लेन - देन शुल्क से.समर्थन किेए जाएगे।"
|
||||
whyvalue: "bitcoins का मूल्य क्याें होता है?"
|
||||
whyvaluetxt1: "Bitcoins का मूल्य होता है क्योंकि, वे पैसो की तरह उपयोगी होते हैं। गणित के गुणों पर आधारित, भौतिक गुणों पर निर्भर होने के बजाय (सोने और चांदी की तरह) या केंद्रीय अधिकारियों में विश्वास (फिएट मुद्राओं की तरह) Bitcoin को पैसे का लक्षण होता है (स्थायित्व, पोर्टेबिलिटी, fungibility, कमी, विभाज्यता, और स्वीकार्यता)। संक्षेप में, Bitcoin गणित के द्वारा समर्थित है। इन विशेषताओं के साथ, पैसे जैसे वस्तू को मूल्य बनाए रखने के लिए विश्वास और अपनाना, जरूरी है। Bitcoin के मामले में, उपयोगकर्ता, व्यापारि, और नए स्टार्ट-अप के बढ़ते तादाद से मापा जा सकता है। जैसे कि सभी मुद्रा के साथ, Bitcoin का मूल्य आता है सिर्फ और सीधे लोगों की इस रुप में भुगतान पाने के स्वीक्रुती से। ."
|
||||
whatprice: "Bitcoin की कीमत किस पर निर्धारित होती है?"
|
||||
whatpricetxt1: "Bitcoin की कीमत मांग और आपूर्ति पर निर्धारित करती है। जब Bitcoins के मांग में वृद्धि होती है तो दाम भी बढते हैं और जब मांग गिरती है तो दाम भी। संचलन में Bitcoins की केवल सीमित संख्या है और एक उम्मीद के मुताबिक कम दर पर नए Bitcoins बनाए जाते हैं जिसका मतलब है कि स्थिर मूल्य रखने के लिए, मांग मुद्रास्फीति के इस स्तर का पालन करना होगा। क्योंकि Bitcoin अभी भी एक अपेक्षाकृत छोटा बाज़ार है, बाजार मूल्य को ऊपर या नीचे स्थानांतरित करने के लिए, काफी मात्रा में पैसे की जरुरत नहीं होती। और इस तरह bitcoin की कीमत अभी भी बहुत अस्थिर है।"
|
||||
whatpriceimg1: "Bitcoin कीमत, 2011 से 2013"
|
||||
worthless: "क्या bitcoins मूल्यहीन हो सकते हैं?"
|
||||
worthlesstxt1: "हां। इतिहास में विफल मुद्राओं के बारे में काफी देख सकते हैं जो अब उपयोग में नही है। जैसे कि <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_gold_mark\">जर्मन मार्क</a> वीमर गणराज्य के दौरानस और हाल ही में, <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwean_dollar\">जिम्बाब्वे डॉलर</a>. हालाकि, पिछले मुद्राओं की विफलता अधिक मुद्रास्फीति के कारण थी, जो Bitcoin असंभव बनाता है, लेकिन, तकनीकी विफलता, प्रतिस्पर्धा मुद्रा, राजनीतिक मुद्दों इतियादी की संभावना हमेशा होती है। बुनियादी रूप से किसी भी मुद्रा को विफलता या कठिन समय से, पूरी तरह सुरक्षित नही माना जाना चाहिए। जब से इसका निर्माण हुआ है Bitcoin सालों से विश्वसनीय साबित हुआ है और विकसित रहने के लिए Bitcoin के लिए काफी क्षमता है। हालांकि, कोई भी भविष्यवाणी करने के स्थिति में नही है कि Bitcoin का भविष्य क्या होगा।"
|
||||
bubble: " क्या Bitcoin एक बुलबुला है?"
|
||||
bubbletxt1: "कीमत में तेजी से वृद्धि का मतलब बुलबुला नहीं है। एक नकली अधिक मूल्यांकन जिस कि वजह से अचानक सुधार के लिए भाव गिरते है, उसे बुलबुला करते है। व्यक्तिगत मानव कार्रवाई के आधार पर विकल्प, जो हज़ारो लाखों बाजार सहभागियों से मिला है, वह Bitcoin की कीमत के उतार चढ़ाव का कारण है जैसे जैसे मार्केट सही किमत खोजती है। भाव में परिवर्तन का कारण हो सकता है Bitcoin पर विश्वास खोना, मूल्य और कीमत के बीच में एक बड़ा अंतर जो Bitcoin अर्थव्यवस्था की बुनियाद पर आधारित नहीं है, प्रेस कवरेज में वृद्धि जो काल्पनिक मांग उत्तेज करती है, अनिश्चितता का डर, और पुराने जमाने से चलेि आ रही तर्कहीन अधिकता और लालच।"
|
||||
ponzi: "क्या Bitcoin एक पोंज़ी योजना है?"
|
||||
ponzitxt1: "पोंज़ी योजना एक धोखाधड़ी निवेश आपरेशन होता है जहां अपने निवेशकों को रिटर्न का भुगतान बजाय व्यक्तियों द्वारा चलाए कारोबार के अर्जित लाभ से वह अपने स्वयं के पैसे से या बाद में आए निवेशकों के पैसों से किया जाता है। आखरी निवेशकों की कीमत पर पोंज़ी योजनाओं पतन के लिए ही बनाई जाती है, जब काफी नए प्रतिभागि नहीं होते। "
|
||||
ponzitxt2: "Bitcoin एक मुफ्त सॉफ्टवेयर परियोजना है बिना कोई केंद्रीय सत्ता के। नतीजन, कोई भी निवेश रिटर्न के बारे में धोखाधड़ी अभ्यावेदन बनाने की स्थिति में नही होता। सोने, अमेरिका डॉलर, यूरो, येन, आदि जैसे अन्य प्रमुख मुद्राओं की तरह, क्रय शक्ति की कोई गारंटी नही होती और विनिमय दर स्वतंत्र रूप से बहता है। इससे अस्थिरता आती है जहां Bitcoins के मालिक पैसे बना या गवा सकते हैं। अटकलों से परे, Bitcoin भुगतान की प्रणाली भी है, उपयोगी और प्रतिस्पर्धी विशेषताओं के साथ जो हजारों उपयोगकर्ताओं और व्यवसायों के द्वारा उपयोग किए जा रहे हैं।"
|
||||
earlyadopter: "क्या Bitcoin पर प्रारंभिक अनुकूलक, अनुचित लाभ उठाते हैं?"
|
||||
earlyadoptertxt1: "कुछ प्ररंभिक अनुकूलक के पास बड़ी संख्या में bitcoins होते हैं क्योंकि उन्होंने जोखिम लिया और समय और संसाधनों का निवेश किया एक अप्रमाणित प्रौद्योगिकी में जो शायद ही किसी के द्वारा इस्तेमाल की गई थी और सुरक्षित करना बहुत कठिन था। कई प्रारंभिक अनुकूकल कई बार, मूल्यवान बनने से पहले, बड़ी संख्या में bitcoins खर्च किया या केवल थोड़ी मात्रा में खरीदे और बड़ी मात्रा में मुनाफा नही बनाया। इसकी कोई गारंटी नहीं है कि bitcoin की कीमत बढ़ागी या घटेगी। यह एक प्रारंभिक स्टार्टअप में निवेश की तरह ही है जो उपयोगिता और लोकप्रियता के माध्यम से मूल्य में लाभ हो सकता है या तो कभी सफल नही हो सकता। Bitcoin अपनी प्रारंभिक अवस्था में है और यह एक बहुत ही लंबी अवधि के दृश्य से डिजाइन किया गया है; यह प्ररंभिक अनुकूलक के प्रति पक्षपाती कैसे हो सकता है यह समझना मुशकिल है और आजके उपयोगकर्ता शायद कल के प्ररंभिक अनुकूलक हो ना हो।"
|
||||
finitelimitation: "क्या Bitcoins की सीमित मात्रा उसकी प्रतिबंध हो सकती है?"
|
||||
finitelimitationtxt1: "Bitcoin अनूठा है ऐसे कि केवल 21 लाख Bitcoins बनाए जाएंगे। बहरहाल, यह एक प्रतिबंधक नहीं होंगा क्योंकी bitcoins 8 दशमलव स्थानों तक विभाजित किया जा सकता है ( 0.000 000 01 BTC ) और यदि कभी भविष्य में आवश्यक हो तो और भी छोटी इकाइयों में। जैसे जैसे औसत लेन - देन का आकार घटता जाता है, लेनदेन bitcoin के उप इकाइयों में नामित किया जा सकता है, जैसे मिलीbitcoins ( 1 mBTC or 0.001 BTC )"
|
||||
deflationaryspiral: "क्या Bitcoin अपस्फीतिकर चक्र में गिरेगा नहीं?"
|
||||
deflationaryspiraltxt1: "अपस्फीतिकर सर्पिल सिद्धांत कहता है कि कीमत में गिरावट की उम्मीद हो तो लोग कम कीमतों से लाभ उठाने के लिए खरीदी को भविष्य के लिए टाल देंगे। मांग में गिरावट होने से बदले में व्यापारियों को उनकी कीमतें कम करनी होगी जिससे वे मांग को प्रोत्साहित करने की कोशीश करेंगे, जिससे समस्या औक भी गंभीर हो जाएगी और यह एक आर्थिक मंदी के ओर ले जाएगी।"
|
||||
deflationaryspiraltxt2: "हालाकि यह सिद्धांत मुद्रास्फीति का औचित्य साबित करने के लिए केंद्रीय बैंकरों के बीच एक लोकप्रिय तरीका है, यह हमेशा सच प्रतीत नहीं होता और अर्थशास्त्रियों के बीच विवादास्पद माना जाता है। उपभोक्ता इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स बाजार का एक उदाहरण है जहां कीमतें लगातार गिरती है लेकिन यह आरथिक अवसाद नहीं है। इसि तरह, Bitcoins का मूल्य समय के साथ बढ़ता गया है और फिर भी Bitcoin के अर्थव्यवस्था का आकार भी इसके साथ प्रभावशाली रूप से बढता गया है। क्योंकि दोनों मुद्रा का मूल्य और अर्थव्यवस्था का आकार , 2009 में शून्य पर शुरू हुए। Bitcoin इस सिद्धांत के गणक उदाहरण है, यह दिखाते हुए कि कभी कभी यह गलत होता होगा। "
|
||||
deflationaryspiraltxt3: "इसके बावजूद भी, Bitcoin एक अपस्फीतिकर मुद्रा होने के लिए तैयार नहीं किए गए। यह कहना ज्यादा सही होगा कि यह इरादा था कि Bitcoin अपने प्रारंभिक वर्षों में बढे और आते वर्षों में स्थिर हो जाए। केवल उसी समय संचलन में Bitcoins की मात्रा कम होगी जब लोग लापरवाही से बैकअप ना करने की वजह से उनके पर्स खोने लगेंगे। एक स्थिर मौद्रिक आधार और अर्थव्यवस्था के साथ मुद्रा के मूल्य डटे रहना चाहिए।"
|
||||
speculationvolatility: "क्या अनुमान और अस्थिरता Bitcoin के लिए समस्या नहीं है?"
|
||||
speculationvolatilitytxt1: "यह एक चिकन और अंडे वाली स्थिति है। Bitcoin की कीमत स्थिर करने के लिए, अधिक कारोबार और उपयोगकर्ताओं के साथ एक बड़े पैमाने पर अर्थव्यवस्था के विकास की जरूरत है। एक बड़े पैमाने पर अर्थव्यवस्था को विकसित करने के लिए, व्यवसाय और उपयोगकर्ता मूल्य स्थिरता की तलाश करेंगे।"
|
||||
speculationvolatilitytxt2: "सौभाग्य से, अस्थिरता Bitcoin के मुख्य लाभ को, एक भुगतान प्रणाली के रूप में, एक से दुसरे जगह पैसे को हस्तांतरण करने में, प्रभावित नहीं करती। कारोबार को अपने स्थानीय मुद्रा में Bitcoin भुगतान को तुरंत कन्वर्ट करने के लिए यह संभव करती है। कीमत के उतार चढ़ाव पर बिना अधीन हुए, उन्हें Bitcoin के फायदे से लाभ उठाने देती है। क्योंकि Bitcoin कई उपयोगी और अद्वितीय विशेषताएं और गुण प्रदान करता है, कई उपयोगकर्ता Bitcoin का उपयोग करते हैं। इस तरह के समाधान और प्रोत्साहन के साथ, Bitcoin परिपक्व और विकसित होगा यह संभव है और उस हद तक विकसित होगा जहां कीमतों में अस्थिरता सीमित हो जाएगी।"
|
||||
buyall: "कोई सभी मौजूदा bitcoins खरीदे तो क्या होगा?"
|
||||
buyalltxt1: "आजके तारीख तक जारी किए गए bitcoins का एक छोटा अंश, मुद्रा बाजार में बिक्री के लिए मौजूद है। Bitcoin बाजार प्रतिस्पर्धी होते हैं, इसका मतलब आपूर्ति और मांग के आधार पर bitcoin की कीमत बढती या गिरती जाएगी। इसके अतिरिक्त, आने वाले दशकों तक, नए bitcoins जारी किए जाते रहेंगे। इसलिए सबसे निर्धारित खरीदार भी अस्तित्व में सभी bitcoins नहीं खरीद सकता। इस स्थिति से यह सुझाव नही दे रहे कि बाजार, मूल्य हेरफेर की चपेट में नहीं हैं; बाजार मूल्य को ऊपर या नीचे स्थानांतरित करने के लिए, अभी भी काफी मात्रा में पैसे नहीं लगते, और इस तरह bitcoin एक अस्थिर संपत्ति बना हुआ है।"
|
||||
bettercurrency: "यदि कोई बेहतर डिजिटल मुद्रा बनाता है तो क्या?"
|
||||
bettercurrencytxt1: "ऐसा हो सकता है। अभी के लिए, Bitcoin अब तक का सबसे लोकप्रिय विकेन्द्रीकृत आभासी मुद्रा है, लेकिन यह पोजीशन बनी रहेगी इसकी कोई गारंटी नहीं है। पहले से ही Bitcoin से प्रेरित, वैकल्पिक मुद्राओं का एक सेट है। नई मुद्रा को Bitcoin से, स्थापित बाजार के संदर्भ में, आगे निकल ने के लिए, यह कल्पना करना शायद सही है कि महत्वपूर्ण सुधार की आवश्यकता होगी, हालाकि यह अप्रत्याशित बनी हुई है। Bitcoin भी प्रतिस्पर्धा मुद्राओं की सुधारों को अपना सकता है, जब तक अपने मौलिक प्रोटोकॉल के भागों को बदलता नहीं। "
|
||||
transactions: "लेनदेन"
|
||||
tenminutes: "मुझे 10 मिनट इंतजार क्यों करना होगा?"
|
||||
tenminutestxt1: "Bitcoin के साथ भुगतान प्राप्ती लगभग तुरंत होती है। नेटवर्क आपके लेन - देन की पुष्टि शुरू करने तक 10 मिनट का समय लग सकता है जब उसे ब्लॉक में जमा कर के प्राप्त किए Bitcoins को आप खर्च कर सकते हैं। संपुष्टि का मतलब है कि नेटवर्क पर आम सहमति है कि आपके द्वारा प्राप्त किए Bitcoins किसी और को नहीं भेजे गए हैं, और वह आप की संपत्ति मानी जाती है। जब आपका लेन - देन एक ब्लॉक में शामिल किया जाता है, फिर हर बादके आने वाले ब्लॉक के नीचे दबा जाएगा, जिससे तेजी से यह आम सहमति को मजबूत करे के उलट लेनदेन के जोखिम को कम करेगा। हर उपयोगकर्ता निर्धारित करने के लिए स्वतंत्र है कि किस समय वे लेन - देन की पुष्टि को मानते हैं, लेकिन 6 पुष्टियां अक्सर सुरक्षित माने जाते हैं, जिस तरह क्रेडिट कार्ड लेन - देन पर 6 महीने का इंतजार।"
|
||||
fee: "लेन - देन शुल्क कितना होगा?"
|
||||
feetxt1: "अधिकांश लेनदेन शुल्क के बिना संसाधित किए जा सकते हैं, लेकिन उपयोगकर्ताओं को अपने लेनदेन की तेजी पुष्टि के लिए एक छोटे से स्वैच्छिक शुल्क का भुगतान और खनिक को पारिश्रमिक देने के लिए प्रोतसाहित करते हैं। जब फीस की आवश्यकता होती है, वे आम तौर पर कुछ पैसे से अधिक नहीं होते। आपके Bitcoin ग्राहक आमतौर पर आवश्यकता होने पर उचित शुल्क का अनुमान लगाते हैं। "
|
||||
feetxt2: "लेन - देन की फीस एक संरक्षण के रूप, उपयोगकर्ताओं के खिलाफ उपयोग कि जाती है, जो नेटवर्क अधिभार के लिए लेनदेन भेजते हैं। फीस कैसे हो इसका सटीक तरीका अभी भी विकसित किया जा रहा है और समय के साथ बदलेगा। क्योंकि फिस का शुल्क, भेजे जा रहे Bitcoins की राशि से संबंधित नहीं है, यह बेहद कम लगेगा (0.0005 BTC, 1,000 BTC स्थानांतरण के लिए) या हद से ज्यादा उच्च (0.004 BTC, 0.02 BTC भुगतान के लिए)। फी शुल्क विशेषताओं द्वारा परिभाषित किया जाता है, जैसे डेटा लेन - देन में और लेन - देन पुनरावृत्ति। उदाहरण के लिए, यदि आप छोटी मात्रा कई बार प्राप्त कर रहे हैं तो फिर भेजने की फीस अधिक होगी। यह भुगतान, एक रेस्तरां के बिल का भुगतान केवल छुट्टे पैसाैं से करने की तुलना है। अपने Bitcoins को छोटे छोटे भिन्न खर्च जल्दि जल्दि करने पर भी शुल्क की आवश्यकता हो सकती है। यदि आप अपनी गतिविधि पारंपरिक लेनदेन अनुसरण करते हैं तो फीस बहुत कम होगा।"
|
||||
poweredoff: "जब मैं bitcoin प्राप्त करता हुं तब मेरा कंप्यूटर बंद हो, तो क्या होगा?"
|
||||
poweredofftxt1: "इस में कोई हरकत नही। अगली बार जब आप अपना बटुआ आवेदन शुरू करते हैं तो bitcoins दिखाई देंगे। bitcoins वास्तव में आपके कंप्यूटर पर सॉफ्टवेयर के द्वारा प्राप्त नहीं होते, वे एक सार्वजनिक बही खाते में जोड़े जाते हैं जो उस नेटवर्क पर सभी उपकरणों के बीच साझा किए जाते हैं। यदि आपको bitcoins भेजे जाते हैं, जब आपका बटुआ ग्राहक कार्यक्रम बंद हो तो, जब आप बाद में इसे लांच करते हैं तो यह ब्लॉक डाउनलोड करेगा और सभी लेनदेन को पकड़ेगा जो नए हो और bitcoins अंत में ऐसे दिखाई देंगे मानो वे वास्तविक समय में प्राप्त हुए हो। आपके बटुए कि केवल तब जरूरत होती है जब आपको bitcoins खर्च करने की इच्छा होती है।"
|
||||
sync: "\"सिनक्रोनायज़िंग\" का मतलब क्या है और इतना समय क्यों लगता है?"
|
||||
synctxt1: "केवल पूर्ण नोड ग्राहक, जैसे Bitcoin कोर, के साथ ही लंबे सिनक्रोनायज़िंग समय की आवश्यकता होती है। तकनीकी तौर पर, तुल्यकालन नेटवर्क पर सभी पिछले Bitcoin लेनदेन को डाउनलोड कर के उन्हे सत्यापित करने की प्रक्रिया है। कुछ Bitcoin ग्राहकों के लिए, खर्च करने योग्य अपने Bitcoin बटुए में शेष राशि की गणना और नए लेनदेन करने के लिए सभी पिछले लेनदेन के बारे में पता करना जरूरी होता है। यह कदम संसाधन गहन हो सकता है और पर्याप्त बैंडविड्थ की और भंडारण की आवशक्यता होती है समायोजित करने के लिए <a href=\"https://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size\">ब्लॉक श्रृंखला का पूरा आकार</a>. Bitcoin सुरक्षित रहने के लिए, काफी लोगों को पूर्ण नोड ग्राहकों का उपयोग करते रहना चाहिए क्योंकि वे ही लेनदेन के मान्य और प्रसार का कार्य करते हैं। "
|
||||
mining: "खनन"
|
||||
whatismining: "Bitcoin खनन क्या है?"
|
||||
whatisminingtxt1: "खनन वह प्रक्रिया है, जहां कंप्यूटिंग शक्ति को जो लेनदेन की प्रक्रिया, नेटवर्क की सुरक्षा, और हर किसी को सिसटम में साथ मे सिंक्रनाइज़ रखना पर खर्च किया जाता है। यह Bitcoin डेटा सेंटर की तरह माना जा सकता है सिवाय यह पूरी तरह से विकेन्द्रित के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया है, जहां सभी देशों में खनिक परिचालन करते हैं और किसा एक का नेटवर्क पर नियंत्रण नही होता। इस प्रक्रिया को \"खनन\" जाना जाता है, सोने के खनन के सादृश्य के रूप में क्योंकि यह भी नए bitcoins जारी करने के प्रयोग कि एक अस्थायी व्यवस्था है। सुरक्षित भुगतान नेटवर्क संचालित करने के लिए, आवश्यक उपयोगी सेवाओं के बदले में Bitcoin खनन इनाम प्रदान करता है। आखरी Bitcoin जारी करने के बाद भी, खनन की आवश्यक होगी। "
|
||||
howminingworks: "Bitcoin खनन कैसे काम करता है?"
|
||||
howminingworkstxt1: "विशेष हार्डवेयर के साथ सॉफ्टवेयर चलाकर कोई भी Bitcoin खनन बन सकता है। खनन सॉफ्टवेयर, सहकर्मी से सहकर्मी नेटवर्क के माध्यम से लेनदेन के प्रसारण को सुनता है और इन लेनदेन की प्रक्रिया और पुष्टि करने के लिए उचित कार्य करता है। Bitcoin खनिक यह काम करते हैं क्योंकि वे लेन - देन शुल्क कमा सकते हैं जो उपयोगकर्ताओं द्वारा तेजी से लेनदेन प्रसंस्करण के लिए और निश्चित सूत्र के अनुसार नए bitcoins जारी करने के लिए दिए जाते हैं। "
|
||||
howminingworkstxt2: "नए लेनदेन की पुष्टि के लिए, काम के गणितीय सबूत के साथ, उनका ब्लॉक में शामिल होना, जरूरी है। ऐसे सबूत को उत्पन्न करना बहुत कठिन हैं क्योंकि, प्रति सेकंड अरबों गणना की कोशिश के बिना यह नही किया जा सकता। नेटवर्क के द्वारा उनके ब्लॉकों को स्वीक्रुत और पुरस्कृत करने से पहले, खनिकों को यह परिकलन करने होगे। जैसे जैसे अधिक लोग खनन शुरू करते हैं, नेटवर्क द्वारा, वैध ब्लॉक को 10 मिनट के अंदर पाने की कठिनाई, स्वचालित रूप से बढ जाती है। नतीजतन, खनन एक बहुत ही प्रतिस्पर्धी व्यापार है जहां, कोई भी एक खनिक को ब्लॉक श्रृंखला में क्या शामिल है इस पर नियंत्रण नही होता।"
|
||||
howminingworkstxt3: "श्रृंखला को कालानुक्रमिक जरु करने के लिए, काम का सबूत, पिछले ब्लॉकों पर निर्भर करने के लिए बनाए गए हैं। यह उतने ही तेजी से रिवर्स करना मुश्किल बनाता है क्योंकि, इसमें बाद के सभी ब्लॉकों के काम के सबूतों की पुनर्गणना की आवश्यकता होती है। जब दो ब्लॉकों एक ही समय पाए जाते हैं, खनिक पहले प्राप्त खंड पर काम करते हैं और जैसे ही अगला ब्लॉक पाया जाता है तो सबसे लंबी ब्लॉक श्रृंखला पर चल पड़ते हैं। इससे खनिकों को प्रसंस्करण शक्ति पर आधारित है, सुरक्षा और वैश्विक आम सहमति बनाए रखने मिलती है। "
|
||||
howminingworkstxt4: "अपने स्वयं के इनाम में वृद्धि से ना ही धोखाधड़ी के लेनदेन की प्रक्रिया से जो Bitcoin नेटवर्क को भ्रष्ट कर सकता है, Bitcoin खनिक धोखा देने में सक्षम हो सकते हैं क्योंकि सभी Bitcoin नोड्स किसी भी ब्लॉक को अस्वीकारते हैं जिसमें Bitcoin प्रोटोकॉल के नियमों अनुसार अमान्य डेटा शामिल हैं। नतीजतन, नेटवर्क सुरक्षित रहता है भले ही सभी Bitcoin खनिकों पर भरोसा नही किया जा सकता। "
|
||||
miningwaste: "क्या Bitcoin खनन श्रम की बर्बादी नहीं है?"
|
||||
miningwastetxt1: "भुगतान प्रणाली को सुरक्षित रखने और संचालित करने लिए मेहनत करना व्यर्थ नही जाता। किसी भी अन्य भुगतान सेवा की तरह, Bitcoin का उपयोग, प्रसंस्करण लागत जरूरी करता है। वर्तमान में बड़े पैमाने पर मौद्रिक प्रणाली सेवाएं जैसे बैंक, क्रेडिट कार्ड, और बख्तरबंद वाहन की तरह, के ऑपरेशन पर भी बहुत श्रम की आवश्यकता होती है। हालांकि Bitcoin के विपरीत, उनके उपर किया हुआ पूरा श्रम पारदर्शी नहीं होता और ना ही आसानी से मापा जा सकता है।"
|
||||
miningwastetxt2: "Bitcoin खनन और अधिक विशिष्ट हार्डवेयर कम ऊर्जा खपत के साथ समय पर अनुकूलित बनने के लिए डिजाइन किया गया है, और खनन की परिचालन लागत की मांग करने के लिए आनुपातिक होना जारी रखना चाहिए Bitcoin खनन भी प्रतिस्पर्धी और कम लाभदायक हो जाता है, कुछ खनिक को रोकने के लिए चयन उनकी गतिविधियों. इसके अलावा, सभी ऊर्जा खर्च खनन अंततः गर्मी में तब्दील हो जाता है, और सबसे लाभदायक खनिक अच्छा उपयोग करने के लिए इस गर्मी में डाल दिया है, जो उन लोगों के लिए किया जाएगा. एक बेहतर कुशल खनन नेटवर्क वास्तव में किसी भी अतिरिक्त ऊर्जा खपत नहीं है कि एक है। जबकि यह एक आदर्श है, खनन के अर्थशास्त्र ऐसे हैं कि खनिक व्यक्तिगत रूप से इस ओर प्रयास करते हैं। "
|
||||
miningsecure: "खनन किस तरह Bitcoin को सुरक्षित रखता है"
|
||||
miningsecuretxt1: "खनन एक प्रतियोगी लॉटरी की बराबरी है जो लगातार ब्लॉक श्रृंखला में नए लेनदेन ब्लॉक को जोड़ना बहुत मुश्किल बनाता है। किसी भी व्यक्ति को कुछ लेनदेन को ब्लॉक करने का सत्ता पाने से रोक कर, नेटवर्क की तटस्थता की रक्षा करता है। यह किसी भी व्यक्ति को अपने खर्च को वापस रोल ना करने के लिए ब्लॉक श्रृंखला के कुछ हिस्सों को बदलने से रोकता है, जो अन्य उपयोगकर्ताओं को छलने के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जा सकता है। सभी बादमे आने वाले ब्लाकों के पुनर्लेखन की आवश्यकता द्वारा, खनन तेजी से पिछले एक लेन - देन को रिवर्स करना अधिक कठिन बना देता है "
|
||||
miningstart: "खनन शुरू करने के लिए मुझे क्या जरूरी है?"
|
||||
miningstarttxt1: " Bitcoin के प्रारंभिक दिनों में , कोई भी अपने कंप्यूटर के सीपीयू का उपयोग कर के नए ब्लॉक को खोज सकता था। जैसे जैसे अधिक लोग खनन करने लगे, नए ब्लॉक पाना कठिन होता गया यहां तक के केवल खनन का लागत प्रभावी तरीका आज विशेष हार्डवेयर का उपयोग कर रहा है। आप अधिक जानकारी के लिए <a href=\"http://www.bitcoinmining.com/\"> BitcoinMining.com </a > यात्रा कर सकते हैं . "
|
||||
security: "सुरक्षा"
|
||||
secure: "क्या Bitcoin सुरक्षित है? "
|
||||
securetxt1: " Bitcoin प्रौद्योगिकी - प्रोटोकॉल और क्रिप्टोग्राफी - का एक मजबूत सुरक्षा ट्रैक रिकॉर्ड है और शायद Bitcoin नेटवर्क दुनिया में सबसे बड़ा वितरित अभिकलन परियोजना है। Bitcoin का सबसे आम भेद्यता, उपयोगकर्ताओं की त्रुटि है। Bitcoin बटुए फ़ाइलें जो आवश्यक निजी कुंजी जमा करते हैं, गलती से नष्ट, गुम या चोरी हो सकते हैं। यह एक डिजिटल रूप में संग्रहित नगद कैश करने के समान ही है। सौभाग्य से, उपयोगकर्ता सहीसुरक्षा प्रथाओं को अपना सकते हैं <a href=\"#secure-your-wallet#\">सुरक्षा प्रथा</a> अपने पैसे की रक्षा के लिए या सुरक्षा सेवा प्रदाता का इस्तमाल कर सकते हैं जो चोरी या नुकसान के खिलाफ बीमा का अच्छा स्तर प्रदान करते हैं। "
|
||||
hacked: " अतीत में क्या Bitcoin हैक नहीं किया गया?"
|
||||
hackedtxt1: "प्रोटोकॉल और क्रिप्टोग्राफी के नियम जो Bitcoin द्वारा उसके शुरुवात से, इस्तेमाल किेए जाते हैं वे आज भी चल रहे हैं, संकेत करता है कि अवधारणा अच्छी तरह से बनाई गई है। लेकिनr, <a href=\"/en/alerts\">सुरक्षा खामियों</a> मिले और सुधारे गए हैं, विभिन्न सॉफ्टवेयर परिपालनों में। किसी अन्य सॉफ्टवेयर की तरह ही Bitcoin सॉफ्टवेयर की सुरक्षा समस्याओं को पाने और तय करने की गति पर निर्भर करता है। जैसे जैसे इस तरह के अधिक मुद्दों की खोज होती है वैसे वैसे Bitcoin परिपक्वता प्राप्त करता है।"
|
||||
hackedtxt2: " चोरी और सुरक्षा उल्लंघना जो कि विविध बाजारों पर हुए हैं, अक्सर उनके बारे में गलतफहमीयां है। हालांकि ये घटनाएं दुर्भाग्यपूर्ण है, उनमें से किसी मे भी Bitcoin शामिल नही है न ही Bitcoin में निहित खामियां अंतर्निहित करते हैं; जिस तरह बैंक डकैती का मतलब डॉलर का जोखिम है। हालांकि, यह कहना सही होगा कि, अच्छे व्यवहार का एक पूरा सेट और सहज युक्त सुरक्षा समाधान, उपयोगकर्ताओं को बेहतर सुरक्षा देने और चोरी और नुकसान के सामान्य जोखिम को कम करने के लिए जरूरी है। पिछले कुछ वर्षों के दौरान, ऐसी सुरक्षा सुविधाएं जल्दी से विकसित किए गए हैं, जैसे, बटुआ एन्क्रिप्शन, ऑफ़लाइन पर्स, हार्डवेयर पर्स और बहु हस्ताक्षर लेनदेन। "
|
||||
collude: "क्या उपयोगकर्ता Bitcoin के खिलाफ गुप्त रुप से काम कर सकते हैं?"
|
||||
colludetxt1: "Bitcoin प्रोटोकॉल को आसानी से बदलना संभव नहीं है। कोई भी Bitcoin ग्राहक जो नियमों का पालन नहीं करता, वे अन्य उपयोगकर्ताओं पर अपने खुद के नियमों को लागू नहीं कर सकते। वर्तमान विनिर्देश के अनुसार, एक ही ब्लॉक श्रृंखला पर डबल खर्च संभव नहीं है, और न तो वैध हस्ताक्षर के बिना Bitcoins खर्च करना। इसलिए, Bitcoins को अनियंत्रित मात्रा में उत्पन्न करना, अन्य उपयोगकर्ताओं को 'धन खर्च करना, नेटवर्क भ्रष्ट करना, यह इस तरह के कार्य संभव नहीं है। "
|
||||
colludetxt2: "हालांकि, बहुमत खनिक, मनमाने ढंग से हाल ही के लेनदेन को ब्लॉक या रिवर्स करनेा चुन सकते हैं। अधिकांश उपयोगकर्ता कुछ बदलाव अपनाने के लिए दबाव भी डाल सकते हैं। क्योंकि Bitcoin केवल सभी उपयोगकर्ताओं के बीच पूर्ण सहमति के साथ ही सही ढंग से काम करता है प्रोटोकॉल बदलना बहुत मुश्किल होता है और बहुमत प्रयोक्ताओं के परिवर्तन को अपनाने की आवश्यकता है ऐसे कि, बाकी उपयोगकर्ताओं के पास पालन करने के इलावा कोई विकल्प नहीं रहत। एक सामान्य रूप में यह कल्पना करना मुश्किल है कि क्यों कोई Bitcoin उपयोगकर्ता किसी भी बदलाव को अपनाना चनेंगे. जो उनके पैसों को जोखिम में डाले। "
|
||||
quantum: "क्या Bitcoin क्वांटम कंप्यूटिंग की चपेट में है?"
|
||||
quantumtxt1: "हाँ, सब प्रणालियाँ जो क्रिप्टोग्राफी पर निर्भर करते हैं वे सामान्य रूप से परंपरागत बैंकिंग सिस्टम शामिल करते हैं। हालांकि, क्वांटम कंप्यूटर अभी तक अस्तित्व नहीं है और शायद थोड़ी और समय तक नहीं होगा। यदि कभी क्वांटम कंप्यूटिंग का खतरा Bitcoin को हो तो प्रोटोकॉल पोस्ट-क्वांटम एल्गोरिदम का उपयोग कर के उन्नत किया जा सकता है। इस अद्यतन के महत्व को देखते हुए यह आसानी से उम्मीद कर सकते हैं कि इनकी अत्यधिक डेवलपर्स द्वारा समीक्षा और सब Bitcoin उपयोगकर्ताओं द्वारा अपनाए जाएंगे।"
|
||||
help: "मदद"
|
||||
morehelp: "मैं और अधिक जानकारी चाहत हुं। मुझे मदद कहां मिल सकती है?"
|
||||
morehelptxt1: "आप अधिक जानकारी और सहायता प्राप्त कर सकते हैं यहां <a href=\"#resources#\">संसाधन</a> और <a href=\"#community#\">समुदाय</a> पन्ने या <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/FAQ\">Wiki FAQ</a> पर।"
|
||||
getting-started:
|
||||
title: "प्रारंभ करें - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Bitcoin के साथ शुरू हो जाइए"
|
||||
pagedesc: " Bitcoin के प्रयोग से भुगतान करना या पाना सरल और सब की पहुंच में है।"
|
||||
users: "Bitcoin का उपयोग कैसे करें"
|
||||
inform: "अपनी जानकारी बढाएं"
|
||||
informtxt: "आप जो जानते हैं या इस्तमाल करते हैं, Bitcoin उसकी तुलना में अलग है। Bitcoin का उपयोग शुरू करने से पहले, सुरक्षित रूप से इस्तेमाल करने और आम नुकसान से बचने के लिए. कुछ बातों को जानना जरुरी है। "
|
||||
informbut: "और अधिक पढ़ें"
|
||||
choose: "अपना बटुआ चुनें"
|
||||
choosetxt: "अपने मोबाइल के साथ आप अपने आम जीवन में Bitcoin बटुए को ला सकता है या अपने कंप्यूटर से ऑनलाइन भुगतान के लिए। जैसा भी हो, अपना बटुआ चुनना मिनटों का काम है।"
|
||||
choosebut: "अपना बटुआ चुनें"
|
||||
get: "bitcoins प्राप्त करें"
|
||||
gettxt: "वस्तु और सेवा के भुगतान के रूप में स्वीकार कर के, या दोस्त या किसी नज़दिकी व्यक्ति से खरीद के, आप Bitcoins प्राप्त कर सकते हैं। आप अपने बैंक खाते द्वारा, एक्सचेंज से उन्हें सीधे खरीद सकते हैं।"
|
||||
getbut: "एक्सचेंज का पता लगाएं"
|
||||
spend: "bitcoins खर्च करें"
|
||||
spendtxt: "Bitcoin स्वीकार करने कई सेवाएं और व्यापारि सारे संसार में जो अधिक संख्या में bitcoin लेना मंजूर कर रहे हैं। आप उन्हें bitcoin से भुगतान कर सकते हैं। अपने अनुभव का मूल्यांकन से, ईमानदार कारोबार को अधिक दृश्यता हासिल करने में मदद करिए। "
|
||||
spendbut: "व्यापारियों को खोजिए"
|
||||
merchants: "Bitcoin कैसे स्वीकारें"
|
||||
merchantinform: "खुद को सूचित करें"
|
||||
merchantinformtxt: "Bitcoin में व्यापारियों को अपनी आदतों में परिवर्तन करने की आवश्यकता नहीं होती। हालांकि, Bitcoin आप जो जानते हैं और रोज़ इस्तमाल करते हैं, की तुलना में अलग है। Bitcoin का उपयोग शुरू करने से पहले, सुरक्षा से इस्तेमाल करने और आम नुकसान से बचने के लिए, आपको कुछ चीजें जानना चाहिए।"
|
||||
merchantinformbut: "अधिक पढ़ें"
|
||||
merchantservice: "प्रसंस्करण भुगतान"
|
||||
merchantservicetxt: "आप भुगतान और चालान प्रक्रिया अपने आप कर सकते हैं या आप व्यापारी सेवाओं का उपयोग कर सकते हैं और अपनी स्थानीय मुद्रा में या bitcoins में जमा कर सकते हैं। ग्राहकों को अपने मोबाइल फोन के साथ भुगतान संभव करने के लिए, ज्यादातर बिक्री कारोबार, टैबलेट या एक मोबाइल फोन का उपयोग करते हैं। "
|
||||
merchantservicebut: "व्यापारी सेवाओं का पता लगाएं"
|
||||
tax: "हिसाब और कर"
|
||||
taxtxt: "व्यापारी अक्सर उनके स्थानीय मुद्रा में डीपाजिट और कीमतों का प्रदर्शन करते हैं। अन्य मामलों में, Bitcoin एक विदेशी मुद्रा की तरह ही काम करता है। अपने खुद के अधिकार क्षेत्र के कर अनुपालन के मामले में उचित मार्गदर्शन प्राप्त करने के लिए आपको एक योग्य एकाउंटेंट से संपर्क करना चाहिए।"
|
||||
taxbut: "अधिक पढ़ें"
|
||||
visibility: "दृश्यता पाइए"
|
||||
visibilitytxt: "उपयोगकर्ताओं की संख्या बढ़ रही है जो उनके bitcoins को खर्च करने के तरीके खोज रहे हैं। उन्हें आसानी से आपको खोजने में मदद करने के लिए आप ऑनलाइन निर्देशिका में अपने व्यापार को प्रस्तुत कर सकते हैं। आप प्रसारण भी कर सकते हैं <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Promotional_graphics\">Bitcoin लोगो </a> अपनी वेबसाइट पर या अपने वास्तविक व्यापार के स्थान पर।"
|
||||
visibilitybut: "अपना व्यापार सबमिट करें"
|
||||
how-it-works:
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin पर काम कैसे होता है? - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: " Bitcoin कैसे काम करता है?"
|
||||
intro: "यह प्रश्न अक्सर भ्रम और हलचल मचाता है। यह रहा एक त्वरित विवरण!"
|
||||
basics: "नए उपयोगकर्ताओं के लिए मूल बातें"
|
||||
basicstxt1: "एक नए उपयोगकर्ता के रूप में, तकनीकी जानकारी को समझने के बिना आप <a href=\"#getting-started#\">आरंभ कर सकते हैं</a>Bitcoin. अपने कंप्यूटर या मोबाइल फोन पर Bitcoin बटुए स्थापित करते हैं तो यह आपका पहला Bitcoin पता उत्पन्न करेगा और जरूरत पड़ने पर आप अधिक बना सकते हैं। आप अपने मित्रों को अपना पता बता सकते हैं ताकि आप उनको या वे आपको भुगतान कर सकते हैं। वास्तव में, यह ईमेल की तरह काम करता है फरक यह है कि पता केवल एक ही बार इस्तेमाल किया जा सकता है।"
|
||||
balances: "शेष <a class=\"titlelight\"> - ब्लॉक श्रृंखला </a>"
|
||||
balancestxt: "ब्लॉक चेन <b>सार्वजनिक साझा बही खाता है</b> जिस पर पूरा Bitcoin नेटवर्क निर्भर करता है। सभी पुष्टि लेनदेन ब्लॉक चेन में शामिल होते हैं। इस तरह, Bitcoin बटुआ खर्च हो सकने वाली शेष राशि की गणना कर सकता है और नए लेनदेन सत्यापित किए जा सकते हैं जानने के लिए कि कितने bitcoins है जो वास्तव में खर्चा करने वाले के स्वामित्व में हैं। ब्लॉक चेन की अखंडता और क्रमांक आदेश <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.cryptography]\">गूढ़लेखन</a>. के साथ लागू होते हैं।"
|
||||
transactions: "लेनदेन <a class=\"titlelight\"> - निजी कुंजी </a>"
|
||||
transactionstxt: "लेन – देन <b>Bitcoin बटुओं के बीच मूल्य का हस्तांतरण</b> हैं, जो ब्लॉक चेन में शामिल हो जाते हैं। Bitcoin बटुआ गुप्त डेटा रखता है जो <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.privatekey]\"><i>निजी कुंजी</i></a> या बीज कहलाता है जो लेनदेन पर हस्ताक्षर करने के लिए प्रयोग में लाया जाता है, इस बात का प्रमाण देते हुए कि यह मालिक के बटुए से आए हैं। <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.signature]\"><i>हस्ताक्षर</i></a> एक बार जारी किए जाने के बाद लेन – देन, किसी के द्वारा परिवर्तित किए जाने से रोकता है। सभी लेनदेन उपयोगकर्ताओं के बीच प्रसारित किए जाते हैं और 10 मिनट में अंदर नेटवर्क द्वारा पुष्टि शुरू होती है, उस प्रक्रिया के माध्यम से जिसे <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.mining]\"><i>मायनिंग</i></a> कहते हैं।"
|
||||
processing: "प्रसंस्करण <a class=\"titlelight\"> - खनन </a>"
|
||||
processingtxt: "मायनिंग/खनन <b>वितरित अनुकूलता प्रणाली</b> को कहते हैं जो रुके हुए लेनदेन के<a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.confirmation]\"><i> पुष्टि </i></a> ब्लॉक चेन में उन्हें शामिल करके करता है। यह ब्लॉक चेन में क्रमिक आदेश लागू करता है, नेटवर्क की तटस्थता की रक्षा करता है, और विभिन्न कंप्यूटर को प्रणाली स्थीति पर सहमती देने की अनुमति देता है। पुष्टि करने के लिए लेनदेन पैक किए जाना चाहिए<a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.block]\"><i>ब्लॉक</i></a> में जो बहुत कड़े क्रिप्टोग्राफिक नियमों में फिट बैठते हैं और उस नेटवर्क द्वारा सत्यापित किए जाएंगे। ये नियम पिछले ब्लॉकों को संशोधित किए जाने से रोकते हैं क्योंकि ऐसा करने से सभी निम्न ब्लॉक रद्द हो जाएंगे। मायनिंग से प्रतियोगी लॉटरी के बराबरी बनाती है जो किसी भी व्यक्ति को आसानी से नए ब्लॉक को ब्लॉक श्रृंखला में यथाक्रम से जोड़ने में रोकता है। इस तरह, कोई भी व्यक्ति ब्लॉक श्रृंखला में क्या शामिल है इस पर नियंत्रित नहीं कर सकता या अपने ही खर्च को वापस रोल करने के लिए ब्लॉक श्रृंखला के भागों की जगह को बदल सकता।"
|
||||
readmore: "झलक देखें"
|
||||
readmoretxt: "यह, इस प्रणाली का केवल एक बहुत ही छोटा और संक्षिप्त सारांश है। यदि आप विस्तृत में जानकारी प्राप्त करना चाहते हैं तो <a href=\"/bitcoin.pdf\">मूल पेपर पढ़ें</a> जो इस प्रणाली के डिजाइन का वर्णन करता है, और पढ़ें <a href=\"/en/developer-documentation\">डेवलपर दस्तावेज़ीकरण</a>, और पता लगाएं <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Main_Page\">Bitcoin wiki</a>."
|
||||
index:
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin - ओपन सोर्स P2P धन"
|
||||
listintro: "Bitcoin एक अभिनव भुगतान नेटवर्क और नई तरह का पैसा है।"
|
||||
list1: "त्वरित सहकर्मी-से-सहकर्मी <br>लेनदेन"
|
||||
list2: "दुनिया भर में<br>भुगतान"
|
||||
list3: "शून्य या कम<br>प्रोसेसिंग फीस"
|
||||
desc: "बगैर कोई केंद्रीय सत्ता या बैंकों के साथ संचालित करने के लिए Bitcoin सहकर्मी-से-सहकर्मी प्रौद्योगिकी का उपयोग करता है; लेनदेन प्रबंध और Bitcoins देना नेटवर्क द्वारा सामूहिक रूप से किया जाता है। <b>Bitcoin खुले स्रोत है; इसकी पहलु सार्वजनिक है कोई भी Bitcoin का मालिक नही ना किसी का इस पर नियंत्रण और <a href=\"#support-bitcoin#\"> हर कोई भाग उठा सकता है। </a></b> अपने विशिष्ट गुणों के कई माध्यम से Bitcoin अन्र्य उत्तेजक उपयोग प्रदान करता है जो पिछले भुगतान प्रणाली द्वारा कवर नहीं किया जा सकता थे। "
|
||||
overview: "या निम्न के लिए.... त्वरित अवलोकन प्राप्त करिए"
|
||||
individuals: "व्यक्तिगत"
|
||||
businesses: "कारोबार"
|
||||
developers: "डेवलपर्स"
|
||||
innovation:
|
||||
title: "नवीनता - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "भुगतान प्रणाली में नवाचार"
|
||||
summary: "Bitcoin प्रोटोकॉल सिर्फ A से B को पैसे भेजने के बारे में नहीं है। इस में कई विशेषताएं है और कई संभावनाएं संभव करती है जो समुदाय अभी भी तलाश कर रही है। यह रहे कुछ प्रौद्योगि जिस पर खोज जारी है और कुछ उत्पादों और सेवाओं में परिवर्तित हो चुके हैं। शायद Bitcoin के सबसे दिलचस्प उपयोग का पता चलना बाकी है।"
|
||||
control: "धोखाधड़ी के खिलाफ नियंत्रण"
|
||||
controltext: "एक अभूतपूर्व स्तर की सुरक्षा Bitcoin पर संभव हो सकती है। नेटवर्क उपयोगकर्ताओं को सबसे अधिक प्रचलित धोखाधड़ी जैसे शुल्क या अवांछित प्रभार के खिलाफ सुरक्षा प्रदान करती है और नकली bitcoins बनाना असंभव है। उपयोगकर्ता अपने बटुए का बैकअप या उन्हे एन्क्रिप्ट कर सकते हैं और भविष्य में हार्डवेयर पर्स, पैसे की चोरी या खोना बहुत मुश्किल बना सकता है। Bitcoin इस तरह बनाया गया है कि उपयोगकर्ताओं को अपने पैसे पर पूरा नियंत्रण होता है। "
|
||||
global: "वैश्विक पहुँच"
|
||||
globaltext: "दुनिया के सभी भुगतान पूरी तरह से आपस में इस्तमाल किए जा सकते हैं। Bitcoin किसी भी बैंक, व्यापार या व्यक्तिगत को सुरक्षित रूप से, कहीं भी किसी भी समय, पैसे भेजने और भुगतान प्राप्तकी करने देता है, किसी बैंक खाते के साथ या बगैर। Bitcoin कई देशों में उपलब्ध है जो अभी भी कई अन्य भुगतान प्रणालियों के पहुँच से, उनकी खुद की सीमाओं के कारण, बाहर है। Bitcoin वाणिज्य वैश्विक पहुँच को बढ़ाता है और अंतरराष्ट्रीय व्यापार को पनपने में मदद कर सकता है।"
|
||||
cost: "लागत दक्षता"
|
||||
costtext: "क्रिप्टोग्राफी के उपयोग से, सुरक्षित भुगतान, बिना धीमी गति और महंगे बिचौलियों के, संभव है। एक Bitcoin लेनदेन अपने विकल्पों की तुलना में ज्यादा सस्ता होता है और कम समय में पूरा किया जा सकता है। इसका मतलब है कि, भविष्य में Bitcoin किसी भी मुद्रा को हस्तांतरण करने का एक आम तरीका बनने की संभावित रखता है। Bitcoin कई देश में, मजदूरों के वेतन पर उच्च लेन - देन शुल्क में कटौती करके <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrRXP1tp6Kw\">गरीबी को कम करने की</a> भूमिका भी निभा सकता है। "
|
||||
donation: "बक्शीश और दान"
|
||||
donationtext: "टिप और दान के कई मामलों में Bitcoin एक विशेष रूप से कुशल समाधान साबित हुआ है। भुगतान भेजने में केवल एक क्लिक की आवश्यकता होती है और दान प्राप्त करना केवल एक QR कोड प्रदर्शित करने इतना सरल किया जा सकता है। दान, जनता के द्वारा देखा जा सकता है, जो गैर लाभकारी संगठनों को अधिक पारदर्शिता बनाता है। आपात स्थिति के मामलों में जैसे प्राकृतिक आपदा, Bitcoin दान तेजी से अंतरराष्ट्रीय प्रतिक्रिया में योगदान दे सकता है। "
|
||||
crowdfunding: "क्राउडफंडिंग"
|
||||
crowdfundingtext: "हालाकि उपयोग करना आसान नहीं है, Bitcoin किकस्टार्ट-स्टाइल में क्राउडफंडिंग अभियान को शुरु करने के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जा सकता है, जहां व्यक्ति किसी परियोजना के लिए पैसे की प्रतिज्ञा करती है। यह पैसे तब ही वसूल किए जाते हैं जब लक्ष्य को पूरा करने के लिए पर्याप्त प्रतिज्ञा प्राप्त होते हैं। इस तरह के आश्वासन के ठेकों की कार्रवाई Bitcoin प्रोटोकॉल के द्वारा की जाती हैजो सभी शर्तों को पूरा होने तक लेन - देन को रोकता है। <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Contracts#Example_3:_Assurance_contracts\">और जानें</a> क्राउडफंडिंग के पीछे की तकनीक के बारे में। "
|
||||
micro: "छोटे भुगतान"
|
||||
microtext: "Bitcoin एक डॉलर और जल्द ही और भी बहुत छोटी मात्रा के पैमाने के भुगतान की प्रक्रिया कर सकता है। इस तरह के भुगतान आज भी नियमित होते हैं। कल्पना करें इंटरनेट रेडियो सुनना जिसका भुगतान सेकंड के हिसाब से किया जाता है; वेब पन्नों को देखना जहां प्रत्येक विज्ञापन को ना देखने के लिए एक छोटा टिप होती है या किसी WiFi हॉटस्पॉट से किलोबाइट बैंडविड्त खरीदना। इन सब सुविधाओं को संभव बनाने के लिए Bitcoin काफी कुशल है। <a href=\"https://bitcoinj.github.io/working-with-micropayments\">और जानें</a>Bitcoin सूक्ष्म भुगतान के पीछे की तकनीक के बारे में। "
|
||||
mediation: "विवाद मध्यस्थता"
|
||||
mediationtext: "अनेक हस्ताक्षरों के उपयोग से Bitcoin ,अभिनव विवाद मध्यस्थता सेवाओं का विकास करने के लिए, इस्तेमाल किया जा सकता है। इस तरह की सेवाए अन्य दलों के बीच असहमति होने पर, तीसरी पार्टी के लिए, बिना उनके पैसों पर नियंत्रण दिए, सौदे को मंजूर करना या अस्वीकारना संभव करता है। क्योंकि ऐसी सेवाएं किसी भी उपयोगकर्ता और Bitcoin व्यापारी के साथ अनुरूप होगी, इससे मुक्त प्रतियोगिता और उच्च गुणवत्ता के मानकों की संभावना होगी। "
|
||||
multisig: "मल्टी हस्ताक्षर खाते"
|
||||
multisigtext: "एकाधिक हस्ताक्षर, लेन - देन को नेटवर्क के द्वारा स्वीकार किए जाने की अनुमति देती है अगर निश्चित संख्या के परिभाषित व्यक्तिय का समूह, लेन - देन पर हस्ताक्षर करने के लिए सहमत होता है। किसी भी सदस्य को अन्य सदस्यों की सहमति के बिना, अपने राजकोष के कुछ हिस्से को खर्च करने से रोकने के लिए यह निदेशक मंडल द्वारा प्रयोग किया जा सकता है। यदि उपयोगकर्ता अतिरिक्त क्रेडेंशियल्स प्रदान नहीं करते, तो यह बैंकों द्वारा, किसी सीमा से ऊपर भुगतान अवरुद्ध करके, चोरी रोकने के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जा सकता है। "
|
||||
trust: "ट्रस्ट और अखंडता"
|
||||
trusttext: "Bitcoin विश्वास समस्याओं के कई समाधान प्रदान करता है जो बैंकों की तकलीफ है। जैसे चयनात्मक लेखा पारदर्शिता, डिजिटल ठेके और अपरिवर्तनीय लेनदेनके। Bitcoin विश्वास और समझौते को बहाल करने के लिए एक आधार के रूप में इस्तेमाल किया जा सकता है। कुटिले बैंक अन्य बैंकों या जनता की कीमत पर, लाभ उठाने के लिए, प्रणाली को धोखा नहीं दे सकते। भविष्य में जब प्रमुख बैंक Bitcoin को समर्थन देंगे तो वह वित्तीय संस्थानों में ईमानदारी और विश्वास बहाल करने में मदद कर सकता है।"
|
||||
resiliency: "लचीलापन और विकेन्द्रीकरण"
|
||||
resiliencytext: "इसकी उच्च विकेन्द्रीकरण के कारण Bitcoin ने लचीलापन और अतिरेक के बढ़े स्तर के साथ, भुगतान नेटवर्क का एक अलग रूप बनाया है। सैन्य सुरक्षा की आवश्यकता के बिना Bitcoin ट्रेडों में करोड़ों डॉलर को संभाल सकता है। बिना कोई केंद्रीय असफलता के, जैसे डाटा सेंटर, नेटवर्क पर हमला करना अधिक मुश्किल है। स्थानीय और वैश्विक वित्तीय प्रणालियों को हासिल करने में Bitcoin एक नए और दिलचस्प कदम को प्रतिनिधित्व करता है। "
|
||||
transparency: "लचीली पारदर्शिता"
|
||||
transparencytext: "सभी Bitcoin लेनदेन सार्वजनिक और पारदर्शी है और डिफ़ॉल्ट रूप से भुगतान करने वालों की पहचान निजी है। इसलिए कोई भी व्यक्ति या संगठनो को लचीले पारदर्शित नियमों के साथ काम करने देता है। उदाहरण के तौर पर एक व्यापार कुछ लेनदेन और बैलंस केवल कुछ कर्मचारियों को प्रकट करने के लिए सहमत हो सकता है, एक गैर लाभकारी संगठन की तरह, जो दैनिक और मासिक प्राप्त दान लोगों को देखने की अनुमति देती है। "
|
||||
automation: "स्वचालित समाधान"
|
||||
automationtext: "स्वचालित सेवाओं को आमतौर पर लागत और नकदी या क्रेडिट कार्ड भुगतान की सीमाओं के साथ समझौता करना पड़ता है। इस में शामिल हैं सभी प्रकार के वेंडिंग मशीन, बस टिकट बूथ से कॉफी मशीन तक। Bitcoin स्वचालित सेवाओं की एक नई पीढ़ी में इस्तेमाल किए जाने के अनुकूल है साथ ही उनके परिचालन लागत में कटौती करने के। कल्पना कीजिए, स्वत: - ड्राइविंग टैक्सियाँ, या एक दुकान जहां अपकी टोकरी, कतार में इंतजार करवाए बिना आपको अपनी खरीद का भुगतान करने देती है। कई संभावनाएं है।"
|
||||
legal:
|
||||
title: "कानूनी अस्वीकरण - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "कानूनी अस्वीकरण"
|
||||
termstxt1: "यह वेबसाइट एक सामान्य प्रकार की जानकारी और सामग्री प्रदान करती है। यह जानकारी केवल सूचना के प्रयोजन के लिए ही है। इस वेबसाइट पर ऐसी जानकारी है जो वास्तविक या संभावित कानूनी मुद्दों को संबोधित कर सकती है। यह जानकारी योग्य कानूनी सलाह के लिए एक विकल्प नहीं है। कानूनी सलाह के लिए, आप अधिकृत नहीं हैं और न ही आप इस वेबसाइट पर आपको निर्भर करना चाहिए। इस वेबसाइट के मालिक या योगदान किसी भी तरह आपके द्वारा की गई या ना की गई कार्रवाई, फैसलों या अन्य व्यवहार जो आप इस वेबसाइट पर निर्भर हो कर करते है, के लिए जिम्मेदार ठहराए जाएंगे। इसमें शामिल है लेकिन सीमित नहीं, कानूनी या तकनीकी कारण। इस वेबसाइट की सामग्री पर निर्भरता आप अपने जोखिम पर करते हैं। आप जो भी निर्णय लेते हैं, आपको प्रासंगिक अधिकार क्षेत्र में, जिसमें आपको मदद चाहिए, एक लाइसेंस प्राप्त वकील से संपर्क करना चाहिए। "
|
||||
termstxt2: "यह वेबसाइट अंग्रेजी सामग्री संस्करण का अनुवाद हो सकता है। ये अनुवाद केवल एक सुविधा के रूप में प्रदान किए गए हैं। अंग्रेजी भाषा संस्करण और अनुवाद संस्करण के बीच यदि कोई संघर्ष हो तो अंग्रेजी भाषा संस्करण पूर्वता लेता है। यदि, आप किसी भी विसंगति को नोटिस करें तो कृपया उनको रिपोर्ट करें यहां <a href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org\">GitHub</a>."
|
||||
protect-your-privacy:
|
||||
title: "अपनी गोपनीयता की रक्षा करें - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "अपनी गोपनीयता की रक्षा करें"
|
||||
pagedesc: "Bitcoin अक्सर एक अनाम भुगतान नेटवर्क के रूप में मानी जाती है। लेकिन वास्तविकता में, Bitcoin शायद दुनिया का सबसे पारदर्शी भुगतान नेटवर्क है। साथ ही, सही तरीके से प्रयोग किेए जाने पर, Bitcoin गोपनीयता का स्वीकार्य स्तर प्रदान करता है। <b>हमेशा याद रखे कि अपनी गोपनीयता की रक्षा के लिए अच्छे व्यवहार को अपनाना आपकी जिम्मेदारी है</b>।"
|
||||
traceable: "Bitcoin का पता लगाने की क्षमता को समझना"
|
||||
traceabletxt: "Bitcoin पारदर्शिता का एक अभूतपूर्व स्तर के साथ काम करता है जिस की ज्यादातर लोगों को आदत नहीं होती। सभी Bitcoin लेनदेन, सार्वजनिक होते हैं, उनका पता लगाया जा सकता है, और स्थायी रूप Bitcoin नेटवर्क में संग्रहित किए जाते हैं। Bitcoins आवंटित करने और कहां भेजे गए परिभाषित करने के लिए, केवल Bitcoin पतों का इस्तेमाल किया जाता है। ये पते, प्रत्येक उपयोगकर्ता के बटुए से निजी तौर पर बनाए जाते हैं। हालांकि, एक बार एक पते का उपयोग किए जाने के बाद वे इतिहास द्वारा सभी लेनदेन जिस में वे शामिल है, से दूशित हो जाते हैं। कोई भी देख सकता है <a href=\"https://www.biteasy.com\">सभी लेनदेन का शेश</a> क्योंकि, किसी भी पते का। कोई भी सेवा या वस्तु प्राप्त करने के लिए, उपयोगकर्ताओं को आम तौर पर अपनी पहचान का उजागर करना होता है, Bitcoin पत, पूरी तरह से गुमनाम नहीं रह सकते। इन कारणों से, Bitcoin पते, केवल एक ही बार इस्तेमाल किए जाने चाहिए और उपयोगकर्ताओं को पते के खुलासे से सावधान रहना चाहिए।"
|
||||
receive: "भुगतान प्राप्त करने के लिए नए पतों का प्रयोग करें"
|
||||
receivetxt: "अपनी गोपनीयता की रक्षा के लिए, आपको एक नया भुगतान प्राप्त करने के लिए एक नए Bitcoin पते का उपयोग करना चाहिए। साथ ही, आप विभिन्न प्रयोजनों के लिए मल्टि बटुए का उपयोग कर सकते हैं। ऐसा करने से, अपने प्रत्येक लेनदेन को अलग कर सकते हैं, इस तरह कि उन्हें एक साथ संबद्धित करना संभव नहीं होगा। लोग जो आपको पैसा भेजते हैं, आपके अन्य Bitcoin पते नहीं देख सकते। शायद यह आपको ध्यान में रखना सबसे महत्वपूर्ण सलाह है।"
|
||||
send: "जब आप भुगतान भेजते हैं तो पता परिवर्तन का उपयोग करें"
|
||||
sendtxt: "आप Bitcoin कोर की तरह एक Bitcoin क्लाइंट का उपयोग कर सकते हैं जो अपने लेनदेन को ट्रैक करना कठिन बनाता है, एक नया पता बना कर, जब हर बार आप एक भुगतान भेजते हैं। उदाहरण के लिये, यदि आप पते A पर 5 BTC प्राप्त करते हैं और बाद में आप 2 BTC पते B पर भेजते हैं, तो शेष आपको वापस भेजा जाना चाहिए एक कए पते C पर। इस तरह से, Bitcoin पता B या C कौनसा पता अपका है, यह जानना मुश्किल हो जाता है।"
|
||||
public: "सार्वजनिक स्थलों से सावधान रहें"
|
||||
publictxt: "जब तक आपका इरादा सार्वजनिक दान प्राप्त करना या पूर्ण पारदर्शिता के साथ भुगतान करना नही है, किसी भी सार्वजनिक स्थान पर, जैसे वेबसाइट या सामाजिक नेटवर्क, एक Bitcoin पते का प्रकाशन करना, गोपनीयता के द्रुष्टी से ठीक नहीं है। यदि आप ऐसा करना चुनते हैं तो, हमेशा याद रखें कि आप इस पते से किसी भी राशि को अगर अपने दूसरे किसी पतों पर भेजते हैं तो वे अपने सार्वजनिक पते के इतिहास से दूशित बतलाए जाते हैं। साथ ही, आपको अपने लेनदेन और खरीदी के बारे में जानकारी, जिससे दुसरों के आपके Bitcoin पतों की पहचान हो सके, उन्हे प्रकाशित करने से सावधान रहना चाहिए।"
|
||||
iplog: "आपका IP पता लॉग इन कर सकते हैं"
|
||||
iplogtxt: "क्योंकि, Bitcoin नेटवर्क एक सहकर्मी से सहकर्मी नेटवर्क है, यह लेनदेन प्रसारण को सुनना और उनका IP पता लॉग करना संभव है। पूर्ण नोड ग्राहक सभी उपयोगकर्ताओं के लेनदेन को, अपने लेनदेन की ही तरह, रिले करते हैं। इसका मतलब यह है कि, किसी भी विशेष लेन - देन के स्रोत का पता लगाना मुश्किल है और किसी भी Bitcoin नोड को किसी लेनदेन के स्रोत के रूप में ना होने पर भी, जानने की गलती हो सकती है। आपको अपने कंप्यूटर के IP पते को छिपाने के बारे में सोचना चाहिए, ऐसे उपकरण के साथ <a href=\"https://www.torproject.org/\">Tor</a> ताकी यह लॉग नहीं किया जा सकें।"
|
||||
mixing: "मिश्रण सेवाओं की सीमाएं"
|
||||
mixingtxt: "कुछ ऑनलाइन सेवाएं जिन्हे सेवाओं मिश्रण कहलाया जाता है, उपयोगकर्ताओं के बीच खोजे जाने की क्षमता के मिश्रण करने की पेशकश करते हैं, जो स्वतंत्र Bitcoin पते के उपयोग से एक ही जैसी राशि प्राप्त करने और वापस भेजने के द्वारा करते हैं। यह नोट करना महत्वपूर्ण है कि, इस तरह की सेवाओं का उपयोग करने की वैधता प्रत्येक क्षेत्राधिकार में भिन्न हो सकती है और विभिन्न नियमों के अधीन भी। इस तरह की सेवाओं में यह भी जरुरी है कि आप उन्हें चलाने वाले व्यक्तियों पर भरोसा करें की वे आपकी राशि खोेए या चोरी नहीं करे और ना ही आपके अनुरोधों का लॉग रखें। भले ही, मिश्रण सेवाएं, छोटी मात्रा के लेनदेन का पता लगाने की क्षमता को तोड़ सकते हैं, यह बड़े लेनदेन के लिए उतना ही मुश्किल हो सकता है।"
|
||||
future: "भविष्य में सुधार"
|
||||
futuretxt: "भविष्य में कई सुधार की उम्मीद की जा सकती है जिससे गोपनीयता में सुधार आ सके। उदाहरण के लिए, कुछ प्रयास चल रहे हैं, कि भुगतान के दौरान, भुगतान संदेशों के API के साथ, जिससे एकाधिक पतों को साथ दूशित होने से बचा सके। Bitcoin कोर परिवर्तन पता लागू किया जाए दूसरे बटुओं में, समय के साथ कार्यान्वित किया जा सकता है। उपयोगकर्ता के अनुकूल भुगतान प्रदान करने के लिए और पतों का पुन: उपयोग को हतोत्साहित के लिए ग्राफिकल यूजर इंटरफेस में सुधार किया जा सकता है। अन्य संभावित विस्तारित गोपनीयता सुविधाओं को विकसित करने के लिए विभिन्न काम और शोध भी किए जा रहे हैं, जैसे एक साथ यादृच्छिक उपयोगकर्ताओं के लेनदेन को जोड़ने की संभावना। "
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
title: "संसाधन - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Bitcoin संसाधन"
|
||||
pagedesc: "Bitcoin के बारे में, उपयोगी वेबसाइट और संसाधन का पता लगाएं"
|
||||
useful: "उपयोगी स्थान"
|
||||
linkwiki: "<a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/\">Bitcoin Wiki</a>"
|
||||
directories: "निर्देशिका"
|
||||
linkwallets: "बटुएं"
|
||||
linkmerchants: "व्यापारी"
|
||||
linkexchanges: "एक्सचेंज"
|
||||
linkmerchantstools: "व्यापारी उपकरण"
|
||||
charts: "चार्ट और आँकड़े"
|
||||
news: "खबरें"
|
||||
documentaries: "डाक्यूमेंटरी"
|
||||
learn: "सीखने वाले संसाधन"
|
||||
secure-your-wallet:
|
||||
title: "अपने बटुए की सुरक्षा - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "अपने बटुए को सुरक्षित करें"
|
||||
summary: "जैसे वास्तविक जीवन में होता है, अपना बटुआ भी सुरक्षित किया जाना चाहिए। बहुत ही आसान तरीका से Bitcoin पर कहीं भी मूल्य हस्तांतरण करना संभव है और यहां आप अपने पैसे पर नियंत्रण कर सकते है। इस तरह की महान सुविधा सुरक्षा चिंता के वजह से ही दी जाती है। इसी के साथ यदि सही तरीके से उपयोग किया जाए तो Bitcoin सुरक्षा का बहुत उच्च स्तर प्रदान करता है। <b>हमेशा याद रखें की अपने पैसे को सुरक्षित रखने के लिए अच्छे तरिके अपनाना, आपकी जिम्मेदारी है</b>."
|
||||
everyday: "हर रोज की जरुरीयों के लिए छोटी मात्रा"
|
||||
everydaytxt: "एक Bitcoin बटुआ, पैसों के बटुए की तरह ही है। यदि आप अपनी जेब में एक हजार डॉलर नहीं रखते हैं तो, आपको इसी तरह ही Bitcoin बटुए का खयाल रखना होगा। सामान्य तौर पर आपके कंप्यूटर, मोबाइल या सर्वर पर छोटी मात्रा में ही bitcoins रखना चाहिए और बाकी रकम सुरक्षित जगह।"
|
||||
online: "ऑनलाइन सेवाओं से सावधान रहें।"
|
||||
onlinetxt: "ऑनलाइन पर पैसे स्टोर करने वाले किसी भी सेवा से आपको सतर्क रहना चाहिए। अतीत में कई बाजार और ऑनलाइन पर्स को सुरक्षा उल्लंघनों का सामना करना पड़ा है। इस तरह की सेवाएं आम तौर पर बैंक की तरह पैसे स्टोर करने के लिए अभी भी पर्याप्त बीमा और सुरक्षा प्रदान नहीं करते। तदनुसार, आपको अन्य प्रकार के बटुए <a href=\"#choose-your-wallet#\">Bitcoin बटुएं</a>. के उपयोग की जरुरत बड़ सकती है। अन्यथा, आपको बहुत सावधानी से इस तरह की सेवाओं का चयन करना चाहिए। इसके अतिरिक्त, दो कारक के प्रमाणीकरण की सिफारिश दिजाती है।"
|
||||
backup: "अपने बटुए का बैकअप करें"
|
||||
backuptxt: "बटुए का बैकअप जो सुरक्षित स्थान पर रखा हो आपको कंप्यूटर विफलताओं के जोखम और कई मानवीय गलतियों से बचा सकते हैं। यदि आप अपनेा बटुआ एन्क्रिप्टेड रखते हैं तो आपके मोबाइल या कंप्यूटर के चोरी हो जाने पर यह आपके बटुए को वापस हासिल करने में मदद देता है।"
|
||||
backupwhole: "अपने पूरे बटुए का बैकअप"
|
||||
backupwholetxt: "कुछ बटुएं कई अंद्रुनी छिपे निजी कुंजी का उपयोग करते हैं। यदि आपके पास आपके दिखाई देने वाले Bitcoin पतों के लिए केवल निजी कुंजी का बैकअप है तो आप अपने धन का एक बड़ा हिस्सा, आपके बैकअप के साथ, वापस हासिल करने में सक्षम नहीं हो सकते। "
|
||||
backuponline: "ऑनलाइन बैकअप एन्क्रिप्ट करें"
|
||||
backuponlinetxt: "ऑनलाइन संग्रहीत किया जाने वाला कोई भी बैकअप के चोरी होने के अंदेशे अत्यधिक है। यहां तक कि इंटरनेट से जुड़ा हुआ कंप्यूटर भी दुर्भावनापूर्ण सॉफ्टवेयर की चपेट में होता है। इस लिए नेटवर्क के संपर्क में रहने वाले किसी भी बैकअप को एनक्रिप्ट करना सुरक्षा के लिए उचित है।"
|
||||
backupmany: "कई सुरक्षित स्थानों का उपयोग करें"
|
||||
backupmanytxt: "विफलता के एकल अंक, सुरक्षा के लिए खराब होते हैं। यदि आपका बैकअप, एक ही स्थान पर निर्भर नहीं है तो संभावना कम है कि, कोई भी बुरी घटना आपके बटुए को ठीक से वापस हासिल करने नहीं देगी। आप विभिन्न मिडीया के उपयोग का भी विचार कर सकते हैं जैसे USB चाबियाँ, कागजात और CDs।"
|
||||
backupregular: "नियमित बैकअप करें"
|
||||
backupregulartxt: "सुनिश्चित करें कि सभी हाल ही के Bitcoin परिवर्तन पते और आपके द्वारा बनाए गए सभी नए Bitcoin पते आपके बैकअप में शामिल किए गए हैं। इसके लिए आपको अपने बटुए की नियमित रुप से बैकअप करने की जरूरत है।"
|
||||
encrypt: "अपने बटुए को एन्क्रिप्ट करें"
|
||||
encrypttxt: "अपने बटुए या स्मार्टफोन को एनक्रिप्ट करना, किसी को भी जो पैसे निकालने की कोशिश करता है, आपको पासवर्ड सेट करने की अनुमति देता है। यह चोरों के खिलाफ सुरक्षा देता है हां लेकिन यह की-लॉगिंग हार्डवेयर या साफ्टवेयर के खिलाफ रक्षा नहीं दे सकता। "
|
||||
encryptforget: "अपना पासवर्ड कभी ना भूलें"
|
||||
encryptforgettxt: "सुनिश्चित करें कि आप अपना पासवर्ड ना भूलें नही तो आप अपना धन हमेशा के लिए खो देंगे। बैंक के विपरीत, Bitcoin पर बहुत सीमित पासवर्ड वसूली विकल्प हैं। यहां तक कि कई सालों के बाद भी बगैर इस्तमाल के आपको अपना पासवर्ड याद होना चाहिए। आपको सुरक्षित स्थान में, जैसे तिजोरी, में अपने पासवर्ड की कागज पर प्रतिलिपि सुरक्षित रखना चाहिए। ."
|
||||
encryptstrong: "मजबूत पासवर्ड का प्रयोग करें"
|
||||
encryptstrongtxt: "कोई भी पासवर्ड जिसमें केवल अक्षर या पहचाने योग्य शब्दों शामिल हैं बहुत कमजोर माने जाते हैं और आसानी से तोड़े जा सकते हैं। एक मजबूत पासवर्ड में अक्षर, संख्या, विराम चिह्न शामिल होना चाहिए और कम से कम 16 वर्ण लंबा। सबसे सुरक्षित पासवर्ड वह माना जाता है जो विशेष रूप से डिजाइन कार्यक्रमों द्वारा उत्पन्न किया गया हो। मजबूत पासवर्ड याद रखना आमतौर पर कठिन होता है इसलिए आपको इसे स्मरण करना चाहिए।"
|
||||
offline: "बचत के लिए ऑफलाइन बटुआ"
|
||||
offlinetxt: "ऑफ़लाइन बटुए को कोल्ड स्टोरेज भी कहते हैं जो बचत के लिए सुरक्षा का उच्चतम स्तर देता है। यह बटुए को सुरक्षित जगह में रखता है जो नेटवर्क से संबंधित नही है। जब ठीक से किया जाए तो यह कंप्यूटर कमजोरियों के खिलाफ एक बहुत अच्छा संरक्षण प्रदान कर सकता हैं। बैकअप और एन्क्रिप्शन के संयोजन के साथ ऑफ़लाइन बटुए का उपयोग करना अच्छा तरिका है। यह रहे कुछ प्रस्ताव के विवरण।"
|
||||
offlinetx: "ऑफलाइन लेन - देन पर हस्ताक्षर"
|
||||
offlinetxtxt1: "इस पद्धतिमे दो कंप्यूटर शामिल होते हैं जो एक ही बटुए के कुछ भाग मे हिस्सा लेते हैं। पहले वाला नेटवर्क से काट जाना चाहिए। यहि पूरे बटुए पर काबु रखता है और लेनदेन पर हस्ताक्षर कर सकता है। दूसरा कंप्यूटर नेटवर्क से जुड़ता है और केवल बटुए को देख सकता है और केवल अहस्ताक्षरित लेनदेन बना सकते हैं। इस तरह, आप सुरक्षित रूप से निम्न चरणों के साथ नए लेनदेन जारी कर सकते हैं। "
|
||||
offlinetxtxt2: "ऑनलाइन कंप्यूटर पर नए लेन-देन बनाएँ और एक यूएसबी कुंजी पर इसे बचाएं।"
|
||||
offlinetxtxt3: "ऑफ़लाइन कंप्यूटर के साथ लेन - देन पर हस्ताक्षर करें"
|
||||
offlinetxtxt4: "ऑनलाइन कंप्यूटर के साथ हस्ताक्षरित लेनदेन भेजें।"
|
||||
offlinetxtxt5: "क्योंकि नेटवर्क से जुड़ा हुआ कंप्यूटर लेनदेन पर हस्ताक्षर नहीं कर सकता, यह पैसे निकालने के लिए प्रयोग में नहीं लाया जा सकता। यदि कोई उलंधना हुई हो तो <a href=\"https://bitcoinarmory.com/about/using-our-wallet/#offlinewallet\">Armory</a> ऑफ़लाइन लेनदेन हस्ताक्षर करने के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जा सकता है। "
|
||||
hardwarewallet: "हार्डवेयर बटुए"
|
||||
hardwarewallettxt: "हार्डवेयर बटुए बहुत अधिक सुरक्षा और उपयोग में आसानी, के बीच बेहतरीन संतुलन देता है। ये छोटे उपकरण हैं जो मुल से ऐसे तैयार किए गए हैं कि वे केवल एक बटुआ ही हो और कुछ नहीं। उन पर कोई सॉफ्टवेयर स्थापित नही किया जा सकता जिसकी वजह से वे कंप्यूटर कमजोरियों और ऑनलाइन चोरों से सुरक्षित रखता है। क्योंकि उनका बैकअप हो सकता है, आप डिवाइस खोने पर भी धन की वापस वसूली कर सकते हैं।"
|
||||
hardwarewalletsoon: "आज तक, कोई हार्डवेयर बटुए का उत्पादन हुआ है लेकि वे जल्द आ रहे हैं। "
|
||||
update: "अपने सॉफ्टवेयर को नवीनतम रखें"
|
||||
updatetxt: "अपने Bitcoin सॉफ्टवेयर के नवीनतम संस्करण के उपयोग से आपको महत्वपूर्ण स्थिरता और सुरक्षा सुधारों प्राप्त होते हैं। अपडेट विभिन्न प्रकार की समस्याओं को रोकता है, नए सुविधा को शामिल करता है और अपने बटुए को सुरक्षित रखने में मदद करता है। अपने बटुए को सुरक्षित रखने के लिए कंप्यूटर या मोबाइल पर अन्य सभी सॉफ्टवेयर नवीनतम करना जरुरी होता है । "
|
||||
offlinemulti: "चोरी से रक्षा के लिए मल्टी हस्ताक्षर"
|
||||
offlinemultitxt: "Bitcoin में बहु हस्ताक्षर सुविधा शामिल है जो लेन - देन में एक से अधिक निजी कुंजी के हस्ताक्षर की आवश्यकता की अनुमति देता है। वर्तमान में तकनीकी उपयोगकर्ताओं के लिए ही योग्य है लेकिन भविष्य में यह सुविधा अधिक लोगों को उपलब्ध होगी। उदाहरण के लिये मल्टी हस्ताक्षर संगठन को अपने सदस्यों को उनके राजकोष में पहुंच देने की अनुमति दे सकती है, और 5 में से 3 सदस्य लेन - देन पर हस्ताक्षर करते है तो पैसे निकालने की अनुमति देती है। यह भविष्य ऑनलाइन बटुए को बहु हस्ताक्षर पते को उनके उपयोगकर्ता के साथ साझा करने की अनुमति देता है ताकी फंड चोरने के लिए किसी भी चोर को आपके और ऑनलाइन बटुआ सर्वर को कौंप्रमाइझ करने की जरुरत होती है। "
|
||||
offlinetestament: "अपने वसीयतनामा के बारे में सोचें"
|
||||
offlinetestamenttxt: "यदि आपके पास अपने साथियों और परिवार के लिए बैकअप योजना नहीं है तो आपके Bitcoins हमेशा के लिए खो सकते हैं। आपके स्वर्गवास के बाद यदि आपके बटुए का स्थान या आपके पासवर्ड किसी को पता ना हो तो आपका धन कभी भी उनको मिलने कि कोई उम्मीद नहीं है। इन मामलों पर थोड़ा समय देने से बड़ा फर्क पड़ सकता है।"
|
||||
support-bitcoin:
|
||||
title: "Bitcoin समर्थन करें - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "Bitcoin समर्थन करें"
|
||||
summary: "Bitcoin एक प्रोटोकॉल है जो एक छोटे से समुदाय में पैदा हुआ था और उसके बाद इसकी विद्धि तेजी से हुई है। समय के साथ Bitcoin को फैलने और अधिक अच्छा करने में मदद के लिए आप बहुत कुछ कर सकते हैं।"
|
||||
use: "Bitcoin का प्रयोग"
|
||||
usetxt: "Bitcoin के समर्थन के लिए <a href=\"#getting-started#\">Using Bitcoin</a> सबसे पहले कर सकते हैं। शायद कई मामलें होंगे जहां यह आपके जीवन को आसान बना सकता है। आप Bitcoin के साथ भुगतान स्वीकार कर सकते हैं और खरीदारी भी। "
|
||||
node: "प्रसारक बनिये"
|
||||
nodetxt: " <a href=\"#download#\">full node software</a>अपने कंप्यूटर या समर्पित सर्वर पर रख कर चला के, आप Bitcoin नेटवर्क में शामिल हो सकते हैं। पूर्ण नोड्स सभी उपयोगकर्ताओं के लेनदेन को हासिल करके प्रसार कर रहे हैं। इनकी तुलना नेटवर्क के रीढ़ से की जा सकती है।"
|
||||
mining: "खनन"
|
||||
miningtxt: "आप यहां शुरू कर सकते हैं <a href=\"http://www.bitcoinmining.com/\">mining bitcoins</a> लेनदेन प्रसंस्करण की मदद करने। नेटवर्क की रक्षा के लिए, आपको शामिल होने चाहिए <a href=\"https://blockchain.info/pools\">छोटे खनन पूल</a> और विकेन्द्रीकृत ताल पसंद करना होगा जैसे <a href=\"http://p2pool.in/\">P2Pool</a> या <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Comparison_of_mining_pools\">पूल</a> getblocktemplate (GBT) समर्थन के साथ।"
|
||||
develop: "विकास"
|
||||
developtxt: "Bitcoin मुफ्त सॉफ्टवेयर है। तो यदि आप डेवलपर हैं तो आप अपनी सुपर शक्तियों का उपयोग अच्छे के लिए कर सकते हैं और <a href=\"#development#\">Bitcoin में सुधार </a> या आप अद्भुत नई सेवाओं या सॉफ्टवेयर का निर्माण कर सकते हैं जो Bitcoin का उपयोग कर सकते हैं। "
|
||||
donation: "दान"
|
||||
donationtxt: "मदद करने का सबसे आसान तरीका है <a href=\"https://bitcoinfoundation.org/donate\">दान करना</a> Bitcoin फाउंडेशन को कुछ Bitcoins दान करना। या फिर आप किसी भी परियोजना का जो Bitcoin से संबंधितस है, मदद कर सकते हैं जो आपके विचार से भविष्य में उपयोगी होगी। ."
|
||||
nonprofit: "संगठन"
|
||||
nonprofittxt: "<a href=\"https://bitcoinfoundation.org/\">Bitcoin Foundation</a> और अन्य कई <a href=\"#community##[community.non-profit]\">गैर लाभ संगठन</a> Bitcoin की रक्षा और बढ़ावा देने के लिए समर्पित है। उनमें शामिल हो कर उनके परियोजनाओं, चर्चा और घटनाओं में भाग ले कर आप इन समूहों की मदद कर सकते हैं। "
|
||||
spread: "प्रसार करें"
|
||||
spreadtxt: "रुचि रखने वाले लोगों में Bitcoin के बारे में खबर फैलाएं। अपने ब्लॉग पर इस बारे में लिखें। अपने पसंदीदा दुकानों को बताएँ की आप Bitcoin साथ भुगतान करना चाहते हैं। <a href=\"http://usebitcoins.info/\">व्यापारी निर्देशिक</a> को अद्यतन रखने में मदद करिए। या कुछ अलग करिए और अपने लिए एक अच्छी Bitcoin टी शर्ट बनाइए। "
|
||||
wiki: "प्रलेखन"
|
||||
wikitxt: "<a href=\"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.org#how-to-participate\">Bitcoin.org</a> और <a href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/\">Bitcoin wiki</a> उपयोगी दस्तावेज उपलब्ध करता है और हम लगातार उसकी जानकारी सुधारते रहते हैं। आप इन संसाधनों के सुधार और उन्हें ताजा रखने में मदद कर सकते हैं।"
|
||||
translate: "अनुवाद करें"
|
||||
translatetxt: "Bitcoin पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र के महत्वपूर्ण भागों के अनुवाद से या अनुवाद को सुधार के आप Bitcoin उपलब्धता को बढ़ाने में मदद कर सकते हैं। बस एक परियोजना चुनिए जिस पर आप मदद करना चाहते हैं।"
|
||||
help: "समुदायों से मिलिए"
|
||||
helptxt: "आप Bitcoin <a href=\"#community#\">समुदाय</a> में शामिल हो कर अन्य Bitcoin उत्साही लोगों के साथ बात करते हैं। आप हर दिन Bitcoin के बारे में अधिक सीख सकते हैं, नए उपयोगकर्ताओं की मदद कर सकते हैं और दिलचस्प परियोजनाओं में शामिल हो सकते हैं। "
|
||||
vocabulary:
|
||||
title: "शब्दावलि - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "कुछ Bitcoin शब्द जो आप अक्सर सुनेंगे "
|
||||
summary: "Bitcoin भुगतान का एक नया दृष्टिकोण प्रदान करता है और इस लिए कुछ नए शब्द जो आपके शब्दावली का हिस्सा बन सकते हैं। चिंता मत करिए, विनम्र टेलीविजन ने भी नए शब्द अपनाए थे!"
|
||||
table: "सामग्री तालिका"
|
||||
address: "पता"
|
||||
addresstxt: "Bitcoin पता <b>एक भौतिक पते या ईमेल की तरह ही है</b> Bitcoin के साथ भुगतान करने के लिए सिर्फ इसी जानकारी की ही जरूरत होती है। सबसे महत्वपूर्ण अंतर यह है कि, प्रत्येक पता एक ही लेन - देन के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जाना चाहिए।"
|
||||
bitcoin: "Bitcoin"
|
||||
bitcointxt: "Bitcoin - अंग्रेज़ी मे कैपीटल के साथ प्रयोग किया जाता है जब Bitcoin की अवधारणा का वर्णन किया जा रहा हो, या तो पूरे नेटवर्क का। उदाहरण के लिए \"आज मै Bitcoin प्रोटोकॉल के बारे में पढ़ रहा था।\" <br>bitcoin - अंग्रेज़ी के छोटे लेटरों में तब इस्तमाल करते हैं जब वह खाते की इकाई के रूप में संदर्भित होते हैं। उदाहरण के लिए, \"मैने आज दस bitcoins भेजे।\"; ये अक्सर BTC या XBT भी संक्षिप्त किए जाते हैं।"
|
||||
blockchain: "ब्लॉक चैन"
|
||||
blockchaintxt: "ब्लॉक श्रृंखला या चेन, कालक्रम में <b>Bitcoin लेनदेन का सार्वजनिक रिकॉर्ड</b> है। ब्लॉक श्रृंखला सभी Bitcoin उपयोगकर्ताओं के बीच साझा किए जाते हैं। यह Bitcoin लेनदेन के स्थायित्व को सत्यापित करने और <a href=\"#[vocabulary.doublespend]\">डबल खर्च</a> दो बार खर्च को रोकने के लिए उपयोग में लाए जाते हैं।"
|
||||
block: "ब्लॉक"
|
||||
blocktxt: "ब्लॉक <b>ब्लॉक श्रृंखला में रिकॉर्ड है जिसमें कई लेन-देन होते हैं और कि होता है और रुके हुए लेनदेन की पुष्टि करते हैं।</b> औसतन करीब करीब हर 10 मिनट में एक नया ब्लॉक, लेनदेन सहित <a href=\"#[vocabulary.blockchain]\">ब्लॉक श्रृंखला</a> में जोड़ा जाता है <a href=\"#[vocabulary.mining]\">खनन</a> के द्वारा। "
|
||||
btc: "BTC"
|
||||
btctxt: "BTC Bitcoin मुद्रा की आम इकाई है। यह अमेरिकी डॉलर की जगह B⃦ या $ की तरह ही इस्तेमाल किए जा सकते हैं "
|
||||
confirmation: "पुष्टि"
|
||||
confirmationtxt: "पुष्टिकरण का मतलब है कि सौदा <b>नेटवर्क द्वारा संसाधित किया गया और और उलटना नामुमकिन है</b> लेनदेन की पुष्टि तब होती है जब वे <a href=\"#vocabulary##[vocabulary.block]\">ब्लॉक</a> में शामिल किए जाते हैं और प्रत्येक निम्न ब्लॉक में। कम मूल्य के लेनदेन के लिए एक पुष्टि भी सुरक्षित मानी जाती है, लेकिन 1000 अमरीकी डॉलर की तरह बड़ी मात्रा के लिए, 6 या अधिक पुष्टियों के लिए रुकना ठीक होगा। प्रत्येक पुष्टि <i>चरघातांकी </i>लेन - देन के उलटने का खतरा कम करता है।"
|
||||
cryptography: "कूटलेखन"
|
||||
cryptographytxt: "क्रिप्टोग्राफी गणित की वो शाखा है जो हमें <b>गणितीय साक्ष्य प्रदान करता है जिससे सुरक्षा का उच्च स्तर प्राप्त होता है।</b> ऑनलाइन वाणिज्य और बैंकिंग पहले से ही क्रिप्टोग्राफी का उपयोग करते हैं। Bitcoin के मामले में, क्रिप्टोग्राफी का प्रयोग किसी अन्य उपयोगकर्ता के बटुए से दूसरे व्यक्ती को धन खर्च करने या <a href=\"#[vocabulary.blockchain]\">ब्लॉक श्रृंखला</a>. भ्रष्ट करने से रोकने के लिए किया जाता है। इसे बटुए को एन्क्रिप्ट करने के लिए भी इस्तेमाल किया जा सकता है ताकी इसे पासवर्ड के बगैर इस्तमाल ना कर सके।"
|
||||
doublespend: "दो जगह खर्च"
|
||||
doublespendtxt: "यदि एक दुर्भावनापूर्ण उपयोगकर्ता <b>एक ही समय में, उनके Bitcoins दो अलग प्राप्तकर्ताओं पर खर्च करता है</b>, इसे दो जगह खर्च कहते हैं। Bitcoin <a href=\"#[vocabulary.mining]\">खनन</a> और <a href=\"#[vocabulary.blockchain]\">ब्लॉक श्रृंखला</a> नेटवर्क पर आम सहमति देते हैं, कौनसे लेनदेन की पुष्टि होगी और वैध माने जाएंगे।"
|
||||
hashrate: "हैश रेट"
|
||||
hashratetxt: "हैश रेट <b>Bitcoin नेटवर्क के प्रसंस्करण शक्ति का मापन इकाई</b> है। सुरक्षा उद्देश्यों के लिए Bitcoin नेटवर्क को गहन गणितीय कार्य करने पड़ते हैं। जब नेटवर्क हैश रेट 10 Th/s पहुंच जाय तो इसका मतलब यह प्रति सेकंड 10 खरब गणनाए कर सकता है। "
|
||||
mining: "खनन"
|
||||
miningtxt: "Bitcoin खनन वह प्रक्रिया है जो <b> Bitcoin नेटवर्क के लि कंप्यूटर हार्डवेयर को लेनदेन की पुष्टि के लिए गणितीय गणना करता है।</b> और सुरक्षा में वृद्धि लाता है। उनकी सेवाओं के लिए इनाम के रूप में, Bitcoin खनिक, लेन - देन पर, जिस पर वे पुष्टि करते है, और साथ ही नव निर्मित Bitcoins पर फीस जमा कर सकते हैंं। खनन एक विशेष और प्रतिस्पर्धी बाजार है जहां पुरस्कार गणना अनुसार बांटा जाता है। सभी Bitcoin उपयोगकर्ताओं Bitcoin खनन नहीं करते, और यह पैसा बनाने के आसान तरीका नहीं है।"
|
||||
p2p: "P2P"
|
||||
p2ptxt: "सहकर्मी से सहकर्मी संदर्भ करता है <b>सिस्टम जो एक संगठित सामूहिक तरीके से काम करता है</b>प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को अन्य लोगों के साथ सीधे बातचीत करने की अनुमति देता है। Bitcoin के मामले में, नेटवर्क इस तरह से बनाया गया है कि प्रत्येक उपयोगकर्ता अन्य उपयोगकर्ताओं के लेनदेन का प्रसारण करता है। और महत्वपूर्ण बात यह है कि किसी बैंक की, एक तीसरे पक्ष के रूप में, आवश्यकता नही होती। "
|
||||
privatekey: "निजी कुंजी"
|
||||
privatekeytxt: "एक निजी कुंजी <b> रहस्य डेटा का हिस्सा है जो एक विशिष्ट बटुए से Bitcoins खर्च करने के लिए आपको हक्क देता है।</b>a गूढ़ालेखी <a href=\"#[vocabulary.signature]\">हस्ताक्षर</a> द्वारा। यदि आप सॉफ्टवेयर बटुए का उपयोग करते हैं तो आपकी निजी कुंजी (याँ) आपके कंप्यूटर में संग्रहित रहती है; लेकिन अगर आप वेब बटुए का उपयोग करते हैं तो वे किसी दूरस्थ सर्वर पर जमा हो जाती है। निजी कुंजी का खुलासा नहीं करना चाहिए क्योंकि वे आपको उनके संबंधित Bitcoin बटुए से Bitcoins खर्च करने की अनुमति देते हैं।"
|
||||
signature: "हस्ताक्षर"
|
||||
signaturetxt: "<a href=\"#[vocabulary.cryptography]\">गूढ़ालेखी</a> हस्ताक्षर <b>aगणितीय तंत्र है जो किसी को स्वामित्व प्रमाणित करने की अनुमति देता है</b> Bitcoin के मामले में<a href=\"#[vocabulary.wallet]\">Bitcoin बटुआ</a> और इसके <a href=\"#[vocabulary.privatekey]\">निजी कुंजी(याँ)</a> कुछ गणितीय तरिके से जुड़े हुए होते हैं। जब आपका Bitcoin सॉफ्टवेयर, उचित निजी कुंजी के साथ एक सौदे पर हस्ताक्षर करता है, पूरे नेटवर्क देख सकता है कि हस्ताक्षर खर्च किए जानेवाले Bitcoins से मेल खाता है। हालांकि, आपके मेहनत से कमाए Bitcoins को चोरने के लिए किसी भी हालत में कोई भी आपकी निजी कुंजी का अंदाज़ा नही लगा सकता।"
|
||||
wallet: "बटुआ"
|
||||
wallettxt: "Bitcoin बटुआ <b>Bitcoin नेटवर्क पर एक भौतिक बटुए के बराबर</b> माना जा सकता है। वास्तव में बटुए में आपकी <a href=\"#[vocabulary.privatekey]\">निजी कुंजी (याँ)</a> होती है, जो आपको इससे आवंटित Bitcoins <a href=\"#[vocabulary.blockchain]\">ब्लॉक श्रृंखला </a>में, खर्च करने की अनुमति देती है। प्रत्येक Bitcoin बटुआ आपको कुल शेष Bitcoins दिखाता है जिस पर यह नियंत्रण करता है और आपको विशिष्ट व्यक्ति को विशेष राशि भुगतान करने देता है, बिलकुल एक वास्तविक बटुए की ही तरह। यह क्रेडिट कार्ड से अलग होता है जहां व्यापारी आपको चार्ज करते हैं। ."
|
||||
you-need-to-know:
|
||||
title: "कुछ बातें जो आपको पता होनी चाहिए - Bitcoin"
|
||||
pagetitle: "कुछ बातें जो आपको पता होनी चाहिए"
|
||||
summary: "यदि आप Bitcoin के बारे में पता लगाने जा रहे हैं तो आपको कुछ बाते पता होनी चाहिए। Bitcoin आपको सामान्य बैंकों की तुलना अलग तरीके से पैसे का आदान प्रदान करने की सुविधा देता है। किसी भी गंभीर लेन - देन के लिए Bitcoin का उपयोग करने से पहले आपको इन सारी बातों का पता होना चाहिए। Bitcoin की अपने नियमित बटुए के रूप में ही देखभाल कि जानी चाहिए या और मामलों में कुछ और अधिक! "
|
||||
secure: "अपने बटुए को सुरक्षित करें"
|
||||
securetxt: "वास्तविक जीवन की तरह, अपका बटुए सुरक्षित किया जाना चाहिए। एक बहुत ही आसान तरीका में Bitcoin कहीं भी मूल्य हस्तांतरण करने देता है और साथ ही आप अपने पैसे पर नियंत्रण भी रख सकते हैं। इस तरह की महान सुविधा सुरक्षा चिंताओं के साथ आती है। उसी समय, यदि सही तरीका इस्तेमाल किया जाए तो Bitcoin आपको सुरक्षा का बहुत उच्च स्तर प्रदान करता है। याद रखें कि अपने पैसे को हमेशा सुरक्षित रखना यह आपकी जिम्मेदारी है। <a href=\"#secure-your-wallet#\"><b>अपने बटुए को सुरक्षित करने के बारे में और पढिए</b></a>."
|
||||
volatile: "Bitcoin कीमत अस्थिर होते हैं"
|
||||
volatiletxt: "अपने नए अर्थव्यवस्था, उपन्यास प्रकृति, और कभी कभी अस्थिर बाजार की वजह से Bitcoin की कीमत छोटी अवधि में ही बढ़ती या कम हो सकती है। इसलिए, इस समय सिफारिश नहीं दी जाती कि आप अपने जमा पुंजी को Bitcoin के साथ रखें। Bitcoin को एक उच्च जोखिम संपत्ति की तरह ही देखना चाहिए, और इसलिए उसमे में जो पैसे आप खोने की हैसियत नही रखते, उसमें ना रखें। यदि Bitcoin से आपको भुगतान प्राप्त होता है तो, कई सेवा प्रदाता आपके स्थानीय मुद्रा में उन्हें परिवर्तित कर सकते हैं। "
|
||||
irreversible: "Bitcoin भुगतान अपरिवर्तनीय हैं"
|
||||
irreversibletxt: "Bitcoin साथ जारी कीए गए सारे लेन-देन अपरिवर्तनिय होते हैं और वे केवल धन प्राप्त करने वाले व्यक्ति द्वारा ही वापस किए जा सकते हैं। इसका मतलब है कि ध्यान रखे कि आप उन्ही लोगों और संगठनों के साथ व्यापार करें जिन को आप जानते हैं और आपको भरोसा है या उनका स्थापित नाम हो। व्यवसाई को अपनी तरफ से भुगतान अनुरोध के उपर नियंत्रण रखने की जरूरत है, जो वे अपने ग्राहकों को प्रदर्शित कर रहे हैं। Bitcoin अक्सर गलत लेखन का पता लगा सकते हैं और आम तौर पर आपको गलती से एक अवैध पते पर पैसा भेजने नहीं देते। उपभोक्ता को अधिक विकल्प और संरक्षण प्रदान करने के लिए.भविष्य में अधिक सेवाएं मौजूद हो सकती है।"
|
||||
anonymous: "Bitcoin गुमनाम नहीं है"
|
||||
anonymoustxt: "Bitcoin के साथ अपनी गोपनीयता की रक्षा करने के लिए कुछ प्रयास आवश्यक है। सभी Bitcoin लेनदेन सार्वजनिक रूप से जमा होते हैं और स्थायी रूप से और नेटवर्क पर स्थायी रूप से होते हैं। जिसका मतलब है कि कोई भी संतुलन और Bitcoin पते का लेनदेन देख सकता है। हालांकि, पते के पीछे उपयोगकर्ता की पहचान अनजान बनी हुई रहती है या खरीद के दौरान पते की जानकारी दि जाती है। इसलिए Bitcoin पते केवल एक ही बार इस्तेमाल किए जाने चाहिए। हमेशा याद रखें कि अपनी गोपनीयता की रक्षा के लिए अच्छे तरिके अपनाना आप की जिम्मेदारी है। <a href=\"#protect-your-privacy#\"><b>अपनी गोपनीयता की रक्षा के बारे में और अधिक पढ़ें</b></a>."
|
||||
instant: "त्वरित लेनदेन कम सुरक्षित होते हैं"
|
||||
instanttxt: "Bitcoin लेनदेन आमतौर पर कुछ ही सेकंड के भीतर तैनात किए जाते हैं और अगले 10 मिनट में उनकी पुष्टि होना शुरू हो जाता है। उस समय के दौरान एक लेन - देन प्रामाणिक माना जा सकता है लेकिन लेकिन प्रतिवर्ती किया जा सकता है। बेईमान उपयोगकर्ता धोखा देने की कोशिश कर सकते हैं। यदि आप पुष्टिकरण के लिए इंतजार नहीं कर सकते, एक छोटे लेन - देन शुल्क मांग कर या असुरक्षित लेनदेन के लिए एक पहचान प्रणाली का उपयोग कर के अपनी सुरक्षा बढ़ा सकते हैं। 1000 अमरीकी डॉलर की तरह बड़ी मात्रा के लिए, 6 या अधिक पुष्टियों के लिए प्रतीक्षा करना समझदारी होगी। प्रत्येक पुष्टि <i>चरघातांकी </i> लेन - देन के उलटाव के खतरे को कम करती है।"
|
||||
experimental: "Bitcoin अभी भी प्रयोगात्मक है"
|
||||
experimentaltxt: "Bitcoin प्रयोगात्मक नई मुद्रा है जिसका विकास सक्रिय है। उपयोग जैसे जैसे बढ़ता है यह कम प्रयोगात्मक बनता जाता है। याद रखे कि Bitcoin एक नया आविष्कार है जो नए तरिके खोज रहा है जिसका आज तक प्रयोग नही किया गया। इस लिए इसका भविष्य कोई नहीं बता सकता। "
|
||||
tax: "सरकार कर और नियम"
|
||||
taxtxt: "Bitcoin एक आधिकारिक मुद्रा नहीं है। हाँ लेकिन, अधिकांश क्षेत्राधिकार के अनुसार ये जरुरी होता है कि किसी भी मूल्य की चीज़ पर जिसमें bitcoins शामिल हैं, बिक्री, पेरोल, और पूंजीगत लाभ पर कर आय का भुगतान किया जाए। यह आपकी जिम्मेदारी है कि आप <a href=\"http://bitlegal.io/\">टैक्स और अन्य कानूनी या विनियामक जनादेश</a> का पालन करे जो सरकार या/और स्थानीय नगर पालिकाओं द्वारा जारी किए गए हो। "
|
||||
layout:
|
||||
menu-about-us: "bitcoin.org के बारे में"
|
||||
menu-bitcoin-for-businesses: व्यवसाय
|
||||
menu-bitcoin-for-developers: डेवलपर्स
|
||||
menu-bitcoin-for-individuals: व्यक्तिगत
|
||||
menu-community: समुदाय
|
||||
menu-development: विकास
|
||||
menu-events: कार्यक्रम
|
||||
menu-faq: अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न
|
||||
menu-getting-started: " प्रारंभ करें"
|
||||
menu-how-it-works: "यह कैसे काम करता है"
|
||||
menu-innovation: अभिनव
|
||||
menu-intro: परिचय
|
||||
menu-legal: "कानूनी"
|
||||
menu-resources: संसाधन
|
||||
menu-support-bitcoin: भाग लें
|
||||
menu-vocabulary: शब्दावली
|
||||
menu-you-need-to-know: "आपको पता होना चाहिए "
|
||||
footer: " <a href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\" target=\"_blank\"> MIT लाइसेंस </a> के तहत जारी किया गया है "
|
||||
sponsor: " समुदाय वेबसाइट प्रायोजित किया गया निम्न के द्वारा"
|
||||
getstarted: " Bitcoin के साथ शुरू हो जाइए "
|
||||
url:
|
||||
about-us: about-us
|
||||
bitcoin-for-developers: bitcoin-for-developers
|
||||
bitcoin-for-individuals: bitcoin-for-individuals
|
||||
bitcoin-for-businesses: bitcoin-for-businesses
|
||||
choose-your-wallet: choose-your-wallet
|
||||
community: community
|
||||
development: development
|
||||
download: download
|
||||
events: events
|
||||
faq: faq
|
||||
getting-started: getting-started
|
||||
how-it-works: how-it-works
|
||||
innovation: innovation
|
||||
legal: legal
|
||||
protect-your-privacy: protect-your-privacy
|
||||
resources: resources
|
||||
secure-your-wallet: secure-your-wallet
|
||||
support-bitcoin: support-bitcoin
|
||||
vocabulary: vocabulary
|
||||
you-need-to-know: you-need-to-know
|
||||
anchor:
|
||||
community:
|
||||
non-profit: non-profit
|
||||
vocabulary:
|
||||
address: address
|
||||
bitcoin: bitcoin
|
||||
blockchain: block-chain
|
||||
block: block
|
||||
btc: btc
|
||||
confirmation: confirmation
|
||||
cryptography: cryptography
|
||||
doublespend: double-spend
|
||||
hashrate: hash-rate
|
||||
mining: mining
|
||||
p2p: p2p
|
||||
privatekey: private-key
|
||||
signature: signature
|
||||
wallet: wallet
|
||||
faq:
|
||||
general: general
|
||||
whatisbitcoin: what-is-bitcoin
|
||||
creator: who-created-bitcoin
|
||||
whocontrols: who-controls-the-bitcoin-network
|
||||
howitworks: how-does-bitcoin-work
|
||||
acquire: how-does-one-acquire-bitcoins
|
||||
used: "is-bitcoin-really-used-by-people"
|
||||
makepayment: how-difficult-is-it-to-make-a-bitcoin-payment
|
||||
advantages: what-are-the-advantages-of-bitcoin
|
||||
disadvantages: what-are-the-disadvantages-of-bitcoin
|
||||
trust: why-do-people-trust-bitcoin
|
||||
makemoney: can-i-make-money-with-bitcoin
|
||||
virtual: is-bitcoin-fully-virtual-and-immaterial
|
||||
anonymous: is-bitcoin-anonymous
|
||||
lost: what-happens-when-bitcoins-are-lost
|
||||
scale: can-bitcoin-scale-to-become-a-major-payment-network
|
||||
legal: legal
|
||||
islegal: is-bitcoin-legal
|
||||
illegalactivities: is-bitcoin-useful-for-illegal-activities
|
||||
regulated: can-bitcoin-be-regulated
|
||||
taxes: what-about-bitcoin-and-taxes
|
||||
consumer: what-about-bitcoin-and-consumer-protection
|
||||
economy: economy
|
||||
bitcoinscreated: how-are-bitcoins-created
|
||||
whyvalue: why-do-bitcoins-have-value
|
||||
whatprice: what-determines-bitcoins-price
|
||||
worthless: can-bitcoins-become-worthless
|
||||
bubble: is-bitcoin-a-bubble
|
||||
ponzi: is-bitcoin-a-ponzi-scheme
|
||||
earlyadopter: doesnt-bitcoin-unfairly-benefit-early-adopters
|
||||
finitelimitation: wont-the-finite-amount-of-bitcoins-be-a-limitation
|
||||
deflationaryspiral: wont-bitcoin-fall-in-a-deflationary-spiral
|
||||
speculationvolatility: isnt-speculation-and-volatility-a-problem-for-bitcoin
|
||||
buyall: what-if-someone-bought-up-all-the-existing-bitcoins
|
||||
bettercurrency: what-if-someone-creates-a-better-digital-currency
|
||||
transactions: transactions
|
||||
tenminutes: why-do-i-have-to-wait-10-minutes
|
||||
fee: how-much-will-the-transaction-fee-be
|
||||
poweredoff: what-if-i-receive-a-bitcoin-when-my-computer-is-powered-off
|
||||
sync: what-does-synchronizing-mean-and-why-does-it-take-so-long
|
||||
mining: mining
|
||||
whatismining: what-is-bitcoin-mining
|
||||
howminingworks: how-does-bitcoin-mining-work
|
||||
miningwaste: isnt-bitcoin-mining-a-waste-of-energy
|
||||
miningsecure: how-does-mining-help-secure-bitcoin
|
||||
miningstart: what-do-i-need-to-start-mining
|
||||
security: security
|
||||
secure: is-bitcoin-secure
|
||||
hacked: hasnt-bitcoin-been-hacked-in-the-past
|
||||
collude: could-users-collude-against-bitcoin
|
||||
quantum: is-bitcoin-vulnerable-to-quantum-computing
|
||||
help: help
|
||||
morehelp: more-help
|
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