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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<?xml-stylesheet href="/simple-atom.xslt" type="text/xsl"?>
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<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en">
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<title>joshua.seigler.net</title>
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<subtitle>Personal homepage of Joshua Seigler</subtitle>
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<link href="https://joshua.seigler.net/feed.xml" rel="self" />
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<link href="https://joshua.seigler.net/" />
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<updated>2025-05-15T00:00:00Z</updated>
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<id>https://joshua.seigler.net/</id>
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<author>
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<name>Joshua Seigler</name>
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</author>
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<entry>
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<title>Tools of the trade</title>
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<link href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/tools-of-the-trade/" />
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<updated>2025-05-15T00:00:00Z</updated>
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<id>https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/tools-of-the-trade/</id>
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<content type="html"><p>
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Everyone has different tools that they find especially effective. Here are
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some I have found with a few words about why I like them.
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</p>
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<h3 id="mise-en-place" tabindex="-1">
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<a
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class="header-anchor"
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href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/tools-of-the-trade/#mise-en-place"
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aria-hidden="true"
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></a>
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<a href="https://mise.jdx.dev/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"
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>mise-en-place</a
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>
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</h3>
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<p>
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Universal dev tool version manager. Specify tool versions in a config file and
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this tool can ensure that they are installed and active when entering the
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project directory. Amazing for getting a new dev environment set up in
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seconds. Replaces <code>asdf</code>, <code>nvm</code>, <code>pyenv</code>,
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<code>venv</code>, <code>rbenv</code>, and many other tool-specific version
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managers. Supports an incredible number of tools thanks to compatibility with
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<code>asdf</code>.
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</p>
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<p>
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It also supports installing specific global tools, like
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<code>angular-cli</code> from <code>npm</code>, or <code>stack-pr</code> from
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<code>pipx</code>.
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</p>
|
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<h3 id="stack-pr" tabindex="-1">
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<a
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class="header-anchor"
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href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/tools-of-the-trade/#stack-pr"
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aria-hidden="true"
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></a>
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<a href="https://github.com/modular/stack-pr" target="_blank" rel="noopener"
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>stack-pr</a
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>
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</h3>
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<p>
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Open source tool for
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<a href="https://www.stacking.dev/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"
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>stacking PRs</a
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>.
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</p>
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<p>
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PR stacks are, as far as I can tell, the best way to manage large features in
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git. I first heard about this practice in a series of blog posts from
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Graphite, a company offering free PR-stacking software and related paid
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services. But you don’t need a custom CI flow or managed service for stacking
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to work - this CLI tool or one of the others at stacking.dev can take care of
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this.
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</p>
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<p>If you start using PR stacks your whole company will start copying you.</p>
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<h3 id="xc" tabindex="-1">
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<a
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class="header-anchor"
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||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/tools-of-the-trade/#xc"
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aria-hidden="true"
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></a>
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<a href="https://xcfile.dev/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">xc</a>
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</h3>
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<p>Markdown based task runner.</p>
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<p>
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Define tasks in code blocks in markdown, and call them from the CLI. Serves as
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both task definition and documentation.
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</p>
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<h3 id="pd2slack" tabindex="-1">
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<a
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class="header-anchor"
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href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/tools-of-the-trade/#pd2slack"
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aria-hidden="true"
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></a>
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<a
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href="https://github.com/sidpremkumar/pd2slack"
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target="_blank"
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rel="noopener"
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>pd2slack</a
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>
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</h3>
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<p>
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Simple python script to update the members of a Slack group such as
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<code>@oncall</code> to match the active member(s) of a PagerDuty schedule.
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This replaces several expensive SAAS services.
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</p>
|
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<h3 id="syncthing" tabindex="-1">
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<a
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class="header-anchor"
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href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/tools-of-the-trade/#syncthing"
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aria-hidden="true"
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></a>
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<a href="https://syncthing.net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SyncThing</a>
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</h3>
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<p>
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P2P alternative to Dropbox, supports mobile and desktop. Synchronize folders
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of content across all my devices.
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</p>
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||
<h3 id="obsidian" tabindex="-1">
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<a
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||
class="header-anchor"
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href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/tools-of-the-trade/#obsidian"
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aria-hidden="true"
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||
></a>
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||
<a href="https://obsidian.md/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Obsidian</a>
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</h3>
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<p>For notes and reference. Sync across devices with <code>syncthing</code>.</p>
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<h3 id="keepassxc" tabindex="-1">
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<a
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class="header-anchor"
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href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/tools-of-the-trade/#keepassxc"
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aria-hidden="true"
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></a>
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<a href="https://keepassxc.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">KeePassXC</a>
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</h3>
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<p>For passwords. Sync across devices with <code>syncthing</code>.</p>
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</content>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<title>Thinking machines</title>
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<link href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/thinking-machines/" />
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<updated>2025-04-24T00:00:00Z</updated>
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<id>https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/thinking-machines/</id>
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<content type="html"><p>
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There’s an exchange early in the classic '80s movie TRON. Some scientists are
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talking shop:
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</p>
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<p>
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<img
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||
src="https://joshua.seigler.net/2025-04-24--computers-will-start-thinking.jpg"
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alt="Still from TRON, left to right Linda, Alan, and Gibbs, in conversation."
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/>
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</p>
|
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<blockquote>
|
||
<p>
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<strong>ALAN:</strong> I tell ya, ever since he got that Master Control
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Program, system’s got more bugs than a bait store.
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</p>
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<p>
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<strong>GIBBS:</strong> Ehh, you gotta expect some static. After all,
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computers are just machines, they can’t think…
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</p>
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<p><strong>ALAN:</strong> Programs will be thinking <em>soon</em>.</p>
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<p>
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<strong>GIBBS:</strong> (wryly) Hahaha, won’t that be grand –
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<em
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>computers and the programs will start thinking, and the people will
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stop!</em
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>
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</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>
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Gibbs has a point. The modern vision of a utopian future is one where work is
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relieved, and people are free to pursue leisure, or exercise their creativity
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with art, writing, and poetry. Thinking computers are here now, in the form of
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“large language models” (LLMs) like ChatGPT. Setting aside the irony that
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creative works are the first and most visible applications of LLM technology –
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is that imagined future actually a good one?
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</p>
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<h2 id="mom-is-always-right" tabindex="-1">
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<a
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class="header-anchor"
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href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/thinking-machines/#mom-is-always-right"
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aria-hidden="true"
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></a>
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Mom is always right
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</h2>
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<p>
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When I was a kid, I remember a day going to yard sales with my mom in the
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family minivan. It was early summer, a hot day. The windows were down, and I
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complained that if the vehicle has good air conditioning, we should use it.
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What was the point in getting all hot? “To get used to the warm weather,” came
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the answer. What an injustice! We were sweating back there! Later in life, I
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took a short trip to Arizona in August. Everyone scurried from building to
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building. Where the sun was doubled, reflected off of glass skyscrapers, the
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temperature jump was alarming. It was actually unsafe to spend long stretches
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outside unprepared. But when I returned to Massachusetts, for the rest of the
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summer 85 or 90 degrees Fahrenheit felt like nothing.
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</p>
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<p>
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All that to say, the work that LLM technology offers to relieve isn’t just
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about achieving a result. The effort maintains and builds our abilities. Work
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pushes us to connect to each other for help, or to persevere in doing
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something difficult. Outsourcing that work eventually means losing the ability
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to do it yourself.
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</p>
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<h2 id="attention-must-be-paid" tabindex="-1">
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||
<a
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class="header-anchor"
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||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/thinking-machines/#attention-must-be-paid"
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aria-hidden="true"
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></a>
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Attention must be paid
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</h2>
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<p>
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||
Simply put, an LLM is a document completion engine. You give it text, and it
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extends it. The result doesn’t have to be true, it just has to be convincing.
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No amount of pre-training or guard rails will make it truthful. It does often
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say true things, but that’s not the point, it’s more of a happy accident.
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</p>
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<p>
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Because they are built from essentially the whole public internet, LLMs also
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have a strong connection to The Algorithm. Algorithms that run social media
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feeds and online advertising are designed to attract human attention, a
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precious thing. Social media algorithms and LLMs are oriented towards
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capturing that attention. The foundational LLM paper is even called,
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“Attention is all you need”. A prescient title. LLM intelligence is not like
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ours. It can’t know what it’s like to be a human.
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</p>
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<p>
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If this was a person, someone who wanted your attention and had this kind of
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indifference towards truth, they would be considered a con-man or
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bullshitter<sup class="footnote-ref"
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><a
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||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/thinking-machines/#fn1"
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id="fnref1"
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>[1]</a
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></sup
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>. Untrustworthy.
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</p>
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||
<h2 id="don%E2%80%99t-create-the-torment-nexus" tabindex="-1">
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||
<a
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||
class="header-anchor"
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||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/thinking-machines/#don%E2%80%99t-create-the-torment-nexus"
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||
aria-hidden="true"
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||
></a>
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Don’t create the torment nexus
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</h2>
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<p>
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LLMs clearly manifest a type of intelligence. Sure, it’s “just” some linear
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algebra and a ton of data. But it does exhibit a type of intelligence. One
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without empathy. Not being human, it <em>can’t</em> have empathy – and
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intelligence without empathy can be dangerous
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<sup class="footnote-ref"
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||
><a
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||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/thinking-machines/#fn2"
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||
id="fnref2"
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||
>[2]</a
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||
></sup
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||
>
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||
<sup class="footnote-ref"
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><a
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||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/thinking-machines/#fn3"
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id="fnref3"
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||
>[3]</a
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||
></sup
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>
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<sup class="footnote-ref"
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||
><a
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||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/thinking-machines/#fn4"
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||
id="fnref4"
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>[4]</a
|
||
></sup
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||
>.
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</p>
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<p>
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Science fiction is littered with cautionary tales about inhuman intelligence.
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For that matter, so is myth: genies give people whatever they want, but
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because people have self-destructive desires (like the desire to avoid work),
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it goes wrong. In TRON, Infocom has the MCP (Master Control Program), an
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||
overgrown chess program that is given access to whatever information it can
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consume, until its intelligence and capabilities are seemingly endless. The
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company leadership comes to rely on the program so completely that it becomes
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their entire interface for understanding and operating the business. There is
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also the irony that Infocom’s success was built on the misuse of intellectual
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property, much as LLM companies have done
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<sup class="footnote-ref"
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><a
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href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/thinking-machines/#fn5"
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id="fnref5"
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>[5]</a
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||
></sup
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>
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<sup class="footnote-ref"
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><a
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href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/thinking-machines/#fn6"
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id="fnref6"
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>[6]</a
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></sup
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>.
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</p>
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<p>
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I don’t think I am wise enough to safely use a genie in a bottle. And I don’t
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want to outsource my creative efforts to an addictive, bullshitting alien
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intellect, even if it might save time and effort in the short term.
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</p>
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<p>
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<img
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||
src="https://joshua.seigler.net/2025-04-24--end-of-line.jpg"
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alt="End of line"
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/>
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</p>
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<hr class="footnotes-sep" />
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<section class="footnotes">
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<ol class="footnotes-list">
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<li id="fn1" class="footnote-item">
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<p>
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<a
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href="https://archive.org/details/on-bullshit-by-harry-frankfurt"
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target="_blank"
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||
rel="noopener"
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||
>On Bullshit by Harry Frankfurt | Internet Archive</a
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||
>
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<a
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||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/thinking-machines/#fnref1"
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class="footnote-backref"
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>↩︎</a
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>
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</p>
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</li>
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<li id="fn2" class="footnote-item">
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<p>
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||
<a
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||
href="https://apnews.com/article/chatbot-ai-lawsuit-suicide-teen-artificial-intelligence-9d48adc572100822fdbc3c90d1456bd0"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
>AI chatbot pushed teen to kill himself, lawsuit alleges | AP News</a
|
||
>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/thinking-machines/#fnref2"
|
||
class="footnote-backref"
|
||
>↩︎</a
|
||
>
|
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</p>
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</li>
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<li id="fn3" class="footnote-item">
|
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<p>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://www.brusselstimes.com/430098/belgian-man-commits-suicide-following-exchanges-with-chatgpt"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
>Belgian man dies by suicide following exchanges with chatbot |
|
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Brussels Times</a
|
||
>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/thinking-machines/#fnref3"
|
||
class="footnote-backref"
|
||
>↩︎</a
|
||
>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="fn4" class="footnote-item">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/ai-spiritual-delusions-destroying-human-relationships-1235330175/"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
>AI-Fueled Spiritual Delusions Are Destroying Human Relationships |
|
||
Rolling Stone</a
|
||
>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/thinking-machines/#fnref4"
|
||
class="footnote-backref"
|
||
>↩︎</a
|
||
>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="fn5" class="footnote-item">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://sites.usc.edu/iptls/2025/02/04/ai-copyright-and-the-law-the-ongoing-battle-over-intellectual-property-rights/"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
>AI, Copyright, and the Law: The Ongoing Battle Over Intellectual
|
||
Property Rights | IP &amp; Technology Law Society</a
|
||
>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/thinking-machines/#fnref5"
|
||
class="footnote-backref"
|
||
>↩︎</a
|
||
>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="fn6" class="footnote-item">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://hbr.org/2023/04/generative-ai-has-an-intellectual-property-problem"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
>Generative AI Has an Intellectual Property Problem | Harvard Business
|
||
Review</a
|
||
>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/thinking-machines/#fnref6"
|
||
class="footnote-backref"
|
||
>↩︎</a
|
||
>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</content>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
<entry>
|
||
<title>Site design updated</title>
|
||
<link href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/site-design-updated/" />
|
||
<updated>2024-06-05T00:00:00Z</updated>
|
||
<id>https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/site-design-updated/</id>
|
||
<content type="html"><p>
|
||
New design! The tools I used before have a lot of unmaintained or outdated
|
||
dependencies and I wanted something a little simpler. The new site uses
|
||
<a href="https://pnpm.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">pnpm</a>,
|
||
<a href="https://www.11ty.dev/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">11ty</a>, and
|
||
<a href="https://mozilla.github.io/nunjucks/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"
|
||
>Nunjucks</a
|
||
>. Content is still in
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
>markdown</a
|
||
>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
One thing I’m proud of is a visual ping for footnotes.<sup
|
||
class="footnote-ref"
|
||
><a
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/site-design-updated/#fn1"
|
||
id="fnref1"
|
||
>[1]</a
|
||
></sup
|
||
>
|
||
When you click a footnote<sup class="footnote-ref"
|
||
><a
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/site-design-updated/#fn2"
|
||
id="fnref2"
|
||
>[2]</a
|
||
></sup
|
||
>
|
||
it briefly highlights the thing you jumped to.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
In the upper right I added a style toggle that applies the font from Star
|
||
Wars, “Aurebesh”. I learned how to read it but sometimes want some practice.
|
||
<span data-language="aurebesh"
|
||
>People who can read this are cool and I like them.</span
|
||
>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>I also finally made a section for recipes!</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>
|
||
May 2025 edit: I updated the design some more without changing the tech
|
||
stack. The main improvements are animated clouds and a host of minor
|
||
adjustments.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<hr class="footnotes-sep" />
|
||
<section class="footnotes">
|
||
<ol class="footnotes-list">
|
||
<li id="fn1" class="footnote-item">
|
||
<p>
|
||
It highlights when you click back, too.
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/site-design-updated/#fnref1"
|
||
class="footnote-backref"
|
||
>↩︎</a
|
||
>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="fn2" class="footnote-item">
|
||
<p>
|
||
Hi.
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/site-design-updated/#fnref2"
|
||
class="footnote-backref"
|
||
>↩︎</a
|
||
>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</content>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
<entry>
|
||
<title>Finally, a Coherent Worldview</title>
|
||
<link href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/finally-a-coherent-worldview/" />
|
||
<updated>2023-07-14T00:00:00Z</updated>
|
||
<id>https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/finally-a-coherent-worldview/</id>
|
||
<content type="html"><p>
|
||
Around the time of my previous post, I had just been received into the
|
||
Orthodox church. Since then I have found it to be everything I was looking
|
||
for, and a great deal more. There is such a wealth of wisdom, going back
|
||
thousands of years. And it was all there, un-seen, un-read, as far as I was
|
||
concerned not existing at all! It seems impossible to me that I was so unaware
|
||
of these treasures by chance.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Father Seraphim Rose, Saint Paisios, Saint Porphyrios, Elder Thaddeus of
|
||
Vitovnica - to name only a few! - lived in this world, recently. They speak
|
||
plainly and lovingly about modern and familiar concerns. Their example and
|
||
guidance are a priceless treasure! And not only they help me, but
|
||
participating in the tradition of the Orthodox Church has… I don’t even know
|
||
how to say it all. I have experienced how the prodigal son felt when he took a
|
||
few trembling steps back to his father, and instead of the rejection or anger
|
||
he had earned, he received joyful, unearned forgiveness. His father
|
||
<em>ran</em> to him while he was still far away!
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Here is what I know, now from experience: Jesus Christ is life and truth and
|
||
love. To look for life, or truth, or love apart from Him is pointless! It’s a
|
||
contradiction, like looking for light by marching into the shadows. God made
|
||
me, and He loves me more than I love myself. Because this is true, I want to
|
||
do everything His way, even if I don’t understand it at first.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</content>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
<entry>
|
||
<title>Embracing Mysticism</title>
|
||
<link href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/embracing-mysticism/" />
|
||
<updated>2021-10-16T00:00:00Z</updated>
|
||
<id>https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/embracing-mysticism/</id>
|
||
<content type="html"><p>
|
||
Logical arguments no longer work. This has been especially visible in the
|
||
pandemic response in 2020. If you dug even a little below the surface of any
|
||
mainstream narrative in the past two years, you likely found points of
|
||
disagreement. But showing people scientific papers, charts, statistical
|
||
analysis, or other types of evidence accomplishes nothing, or worse it invites
|
||
accusations of being part of the Other Team, one of those backwards, wrong,
|
||
stupid people.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
In mid-2020 Vin Armani (now Cyprian) started calling this change “The Dim
|
||
Age”<sup class="footnote-ref"
|
||
><a
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/embracing-mysticism/#fn1"
|
||
id="fnref1"
|
||
>[1]</a
|
||
></sup
|
||
>. He suggested that most people still see the world as exclusively physical,
|
||
oblivious to patterns of reality that are plainly obvious to more mystically
|
||
aware people.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
In an attempt to remedy my newfound illiteracy, I started exploring symbolism,
|
||
which as I understood it dealt with identifying and understanding meaning. I
|
||
found Jonathan Pageau’s project
|
||
<a href="https://thesymbolicworld.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"
|
||
>The Symbolic World</a
|
||
>, which has some very accessible videos breaking down movies and other pop
|
||
culture artifacts from a symbolic perspective
|
||
<sup class="footnote-ref"
|
||
><a
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/embracing-mysticism/#fn2"
|
||
id="fnref2"
|
||
>[2]</a
|
||
></sup
|
||
>. These commentaries did not seem arbitrary or speculative, but pointed to
|
||
cultural trends that I couldn’t un-see once I understood them. I binged a
|
||
bunch more of his material, including eventually a book his brother Mattheiu
|
||
wrote, <em>The Language of Creation: Cosmic Symbolism in Genesis</em
|
||
><sup class="footnote-ref"
|
||
><a
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/embracing-mysticism/#fn3"
|
||
id="fnref3"
|
||
>[3]</a
|
||
></sup
|
||
>. Through this I discovered a side of reality I had been almost completely
|
||
oblivious to, and what’s more, an aspect of my faith which had somehow
|
||
completely passed me by.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
From there I started listening to the
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://www.ancientfaith.com/podcasts/lordofspirits"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
>Lord of Spirits</a
|
||
>
|
||
podcast. I learned that commonplace, obvious understanding of existence as
|
||
material <em>and spiritual</em> has been mostly lost, displaced by modern
|
||
confidence that the material world is the limit of reality, over which
|
||
sovereign mankind rules. The ancient faith of Christianity, known now as
|
||
“Eastern Orthodoxy”, corresponds with reality, especially spiritual patterns
|
||
of reality as we see more plainly every week, better than anything else I
|
||
know.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h2 id="additional-thoughts" tabindex="-1">
|
||
<a
|
||
class="header-anchor"
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/embracing-mysticism/#additional-thoughts"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
></a>
|
||
Additional thoughts
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>
|
||
For a while I think my highest values have been freedom and truth. A desire to
|
||
be solely responsible for myself, and a desire to understand myself and the
|
||
world fully and accurately. But I didn’t realize that my chief obstacle is
|
||
hardly megacorps and governments: I am ruled by my own out-of-control desires:
|
||
for comfort, pleasure, control, satisfaction, even self-mastery. In a paradise
|
||
where my every whim was manifested, I would still be a slave to desire,
|
||
consuming and <em>wanting</em> more and more.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Investigating eastern orthodoxy, this ancient Christianity, revealed a better
|
||
path to freedom and truth: aiming higher. Every action and choice is in
|
||
service to something. Instead of serving little tyrannical gods like comfort
|
||
or pleasure, or potentially nobler gods like a country or even a “liberty
|
||
movement”, I will attempt to serve the Most High.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<hr class="footnotes-sep" />
|
||
<section class="footnotes">
|
||
<ol class="footnotes-list">
|
||
<li id="fn1" class="footnote-item">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://freemanbeyondthewall.libsyn.com/episode-478"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
>Free Man Beyond The Wall episode 478: We’ve Entered The ‘Dim Age’</a
|
||
>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/embracing-mysticism/#fnref1"
|
||
class="footnote-backref"
|
||
>↩︎</a
|
||
>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="fn2" class="footnote-item">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://thesymbolicworld.com/videos/symbolism-propaganda-in-popular-culture/"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
>Symbolism and Propaganda in Popular Culture</a
|
||
>,
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://thesymbolicworld.com/videos/the-fall-of-loki-into-the-multiverse/"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
>The Fall of Loki (Into the Multiverse)</a
|
||
>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/embracing-mysticism/#fnref2"
|
||
class="footnote-backref"
|
||
>↩︎</a
|
||
>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="fn3" class="footnote-item">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a href="https://amzn.to/4iBOExr" target="_blank" rel="noopener"
|
||
>The Language of Creation: Cosmic Symbolism in Genesis: A
|
||
Commentary</a
|
||
>, ISBN 978-1981549337
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/embracing-mysticism/#fnref3"
|
||
class="footnote-backref"
|
||
>↩︎</a
|
||
>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</content>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
<entry>
|
||
<title>Needs-based communication</title>
|
||
<link href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/needs-based-communication/" />
|
||
<updated>2021-05-26T00:00:00Z</updated>
|
||
<id>https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/needs-based-communication/</id>
|
||
<content type="html"><p>
|
||
Needs-based communication (usually called non-violent communication or NVC™)
|
||
is a way of understanding yourself and others with a unique insight: everyone
|
||
has their own personal reactions to the world, but people have the same basic
|
||
needs. We recognize those needs in other people, and that common connection
|
||
can allow us to communicate clearly when there is conflict.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<strong>Needs</strong> are universal to humanity. They are common drives that
|
||
we all experience, and this universality makes them perfect for connecting
|
||
with each other. Some broad categories of needs are the needs for: connection,
|
||
physical well-being, honesty, play, peace, autonomy, and meaning. Needs can
|
||
also be specific: a need for clarity, nurturing, integrity, trust, space, etc.
|
||
Needs are abstract, not connected to people or actions. For example, peace is
|
||
a need, muting TV commercials is not. Here is
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://www.cnvc.org/training/resource/needs-inventory"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
>a partial list of needs</a
|
||
>
|
||
from the Center for Non-Violent Communication (CNVC).
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Everything <em>anyone</em> does is an attempt to meet a need. None of these
|
||
universal needs is wrong or inherently harmful, although sometimes the
|
||
strategies we use can be.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<strong>Conflict</strong> happens when our needs aren’t met. We get stuck in
|
||
conflict when we mix up needs and strategies. Needs never conflict with each
|
||
other, only strategies do.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
When we experience conflict or negative feelings, that indicates that there is
|
||
an unmet need. In an attempt to end a conflict, we often settle on
|
||
unsatisfying resolutions:
|
||
</p>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>
|
||
We suppress the need and move on, painfully leaving the problem unaddressed.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
We come to an uneasy agreement about who is the winner and who is the loser,
|
||
and the loser gives up on meeting their need. The immediate conflict is
|
||
over, but the problem is not really resolved.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
We escalate, expanding the conflict in an attempt to win, at the other’s
|
||
expense if necessary.
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>
|
||
These resolutions can happen despite our best intentions, as a result of not
|
||
understanding what’s happening as we fight. A very common mistake is to
|
||
confuse needs and strategies.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<strong>Strategies</strong> are things we do to meet our needs. In contrast to
|
||
needs, which are abstract and universal, strategies are personal, specific,
|
||
and widely varied.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
For example, consider the need for self-expression. There are as many
|
||
strategies as there are people and situations: singing, writing, talking,
|
||
composing, dressing a certain way… and on and on.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Jumping into a conflict strategy-first is bound to cause problems if that
|
||
strategy doesn’t meet others’ needs as well as your own. The way past conflict
|
||
is for everyone involved to understand each others’ needs, and
|
||
<em>then</em> work together to find a strategy to meet those needs.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>So, <strong>how do you figure out your own needs?</strong></p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Negative feelings are a sign that you have an unmet need. Unfortunately, most
|
||
of us have learned to bundle in certain judgments and name them as feelings.
|
||
For example, I might think I am feeling <em>abandoned</em>, but really this is
|
||
a feeling of disconnectedness, vulnerability, loneliness, or something else,
|
||
combined with a judgment that someone else has made me feel that way.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
The truth is that the same situation can affect people very differently. This
|
||
means that feelings must come from a person’s own response to things. In order
|
||
to see your feelings clearly, it is important to take ownership of them as
|
||
<em>your</em> feelings rather than something caused by the world around you. I
|
||
have found this to be very challenging, but also incredibly rewarding.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Once you have an honest name for what you are feeling, think about what need
|
||
sparked the feeling.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
There is a (kind of clunky) formula for requesting help meeting a need without
|
||
tacking on strategies, demands, judgments, or other baggage. As the exercise
|
||
becomes more habitual, you won’t need the formula, and can accomplish the same
|
||
thing more naturally.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Here it is:</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>
|
||
When <em>[observation]</em>, I felt <em>[feeling]</em> because I was having
|
||
a need for <em>[need]</em>. (possibly also a request:) Are you willing to
|
||
<em>[action]</em>?
|
||
</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<p>
|
||
In the spirit of communicating without judgments, the observation should be
|
||
strictly focused on facts, with no mind-reading or attribution at all. Sharing
|
||
your feelings in addition to the need can help the other person recognize the
|
||
need and how it affects you. If the other person understands the need, you can
|
||
also make a request for some specific action to help meet your need.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
It is very important that the action you request be feasible, concrete, and
|
||
specific. Asking someone to change their behavior forever, think a certain
|
||
way, etc is too much. The request should also really, truly be a request and
|
||
not a demand. A “No!” should be as welcome as a “Yes!” because the goal is to
|
||
find a strategy that meets your needs <em>and</em> theirs.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
There is a (similarly clunky) pattern for discovering someone else’s needs. As
|
||
you listen to them, you will probably get an idea for how they feel, and you
|
||
may be able to guess what need they are experiencing. You can ask:
|
||
</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>
|
||
When you <em>[observation]</em> do you feel <em>[feeling]</em> because you
|
||
are having a need for <em>[need]</em>? (possibly also:) Right now, would you
|
||
like me to <em>[action]</em>?
|
||
</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Like the other formula, this is just a beginning point, almost too rough to
|
||
use except for training your responses and replacing old communication habits.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
These are two sides of the same coin, a pattern that draws a line from the
|
||
stimulus, some observation, through the needs, towards a solution. Even if you
|
||
guess wrong, just focusing on someone’s feelings and needs demonstrates that
|
||
you are really interested in their problem.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Even without explicitly using this pattern (observation ➔ feeling ➔ need ➔
|
||
request), just by thinking about needs (your own and others’) you can untangle
|
||
conflict and see other people with much more empathy. Maybe that reckless
|
||
driver is having a need for excitement and power, and zipping around you was
|
||
the best strategy they could come up with. Just seeing past the image of
|
||
others as enemies or obstacles can make the world much less hostile, by
|
||
revealing them to be real humans, people you might be able to connect with.
|
||
This way of thinking can also be a path to growth as you take ownership of
|
||
your feelings and see your needs clearly.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Some resources for exploring these ideas more:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="http://www.therightword.info/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"
|
||
>The Right Words and Beyond</a
|
||
>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://amzn.to/44cpIsV" target="_blank" rel="noopener"
|
||
>Nonviolent Communication: A Language of Life</a
|
||
>, ISBN 189200528X
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.cnvc.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"
|
||
>The Center for Nonviolent Communication</a
|
||
>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</content>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
<entry>
|
||
<title>The Trivium: A Tool for Learning Anything</title>
|
||
<link href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/the-trivium-a-tool-for-learning-anything/" />
|
||
<updated>2021-04-03T00:00:00Z</updated>
|
||
<id>https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/the-trivium-a-tool-for-learning-anything/</id>
|
||
<content type="html"><p>
|
||
Information today has become siloed. It’s a common belief that little, if any,
|
||
expertise from one field of knowledge transfers over to other fields. But
|
||
there is a forgotten tool that anyone can use to confidently approach new
|
||
subjects and problems: the <em>Trivium</em>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
The ancients considered the liberal arts to be composed of seven parts. First
|
||
was a foundation called the <em>trivium</em>, composed of grammar, logic, and
|
||
rhetoric. Following that was the <em>quadrivium</em>, which was arithmetic,
|
||
geometry, music, and astronomy (numbers, numbers in space, numbers in time,
|
||
numbers in time and space). The trivium (literally, “three ways”), is a
|
||
framework for learning.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h2 id="grammar" tabindex="-1">
|
||
<a
|
||
class="header-anchor"
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/the-trivium-a-tool-for-learning-anything/#grammar"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
></a>
|
||
Grammar
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Grammar is about gaining knowledge: collecting information, without judgment
|
||
or analysis. It answers the questions “Who, what, where, and when?” This is
|
||
possibly the most important step, since (depending on what you study)
|
||
essential information may not be readily available.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h2 id="logic" tabindex="-1">
|
||
<a
|
||
class="header-anchor"
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/the-trivium-a-tool-for-learning-anything/#logic"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
></a>
|
||
Logic
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Logic is about gaining understanding. It answers “why?” This is the foundation
|
||
for relating to the world. It has three components: filtration, correlation,
|
||
and analysis. It places the information gathered into context, and eliminates
|
||
inconsistency and resolves conflicting perspectives.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h2 id="rhetoric" tabindex="-1">
|
||
<a
|
||
class="header-anchor"
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/the-trivium-a-tool-for-learning-anything/#rhetoric"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
></a>
|
||
Rhetoric
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Rhetoric is about acting wisely: the application of knowledge and
|
||
understanding, put into correct action. It answers “how?”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Methodically applying this method provides a clear next step when encountering
|
||
any unfamiliar topic. This is a powerful tool for methodically determining the
|
||
best way to achieve your goals.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h2 id="resources" tabindex="-1">
|
||
<a
|
||
class="header-anchor"
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/the-trivium-a-tool-for-learning-anything/#resources"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
></a>
|
||
Resources
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://triviumbinder.blogspot.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"
|
||
>Trivium Binder Project</a
|
||
>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/59477946/Trivium-Method-of-Critical-Thinking-and-Creative-Problem-Solving"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
>Tragedy and Hope: Five page summary of the Trivium</a
|
||
>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://www.scribd.com/document/33744483/Trivium-Method-of-Thinking-vs-Other-Methodologies"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
>Shadows of the trivium in narrow disciplines</a
|
||
>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</content>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
<entry>
|
||
<title>Authority - Consent's Blind Spot</title>
|
||
<link href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/authority-consents-blind-spot/" />
|
||
<updated>2020-07-02T00:00:00Z</updated>
|
||
<id>https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/authority-consents-blind-spot/</id>
|
||
<content type="html"><blockquote>
|
||
<p>
|
||
2025 disclaimer: I haven’t thought through all these ideas in a while, but I
|
||
probably would change some of this or soften/rephrase it.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Consent occurs when an individual voluntarily agrees to the proposal or
|
||
desires of another. It comes from the concept that who should decide what
|
||
happens to your person, is you.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
There are two ways people interact: with consent, and without it. Some people
|
||
care a lot about consent, but overall, most take whichever route is easiest,
|
||
or more convenient.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
People respect consent in most of their face-to-face dealings with others.
|
||
Violating someone’s consent in person is usually met with resistance, possibly
|
||
very strong resistance with a long-lasting impact. But there are covert ways
|
||
to violate consent, so that the target must not notice the violation—or if
|
||
they do notice, they must be unable to determine who is to blame.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Pretty much everyone has had circumstances where they did something because
|
||
another person, or group of people, compelled their compliance. Classic
|
||
examples include paying taxes, being drafted, and avoiding certain activities,
|
||
beliefs, or substances.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Here are some popular excuses for violating consent that you may have seen:
|
||
</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>I am actually helping you.</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>You like some of the things I do, so you must accept this as well.</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>Everyone else lets me do this.</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>Everyone else said it was okay if I do this.</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>I am doing this, but someone else is responsible for my actions.</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>You agreed to this by being born here.</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>I am allowed to do this.</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<p>
|
||
That last one combines all the others into one argument, called authority.
|
||
This is the idea that certain people are justified in violating consent.
|
||
Usually there is a vaguely religious ceremony associated with the granting of
|
||
authority—something like a holy document, large gatherings of people, formal
|
||
outfits, or important sounding titles.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Sometimes consensual relationships are described as involving authority, such
|
||
as a boss at work having “authority” over an employee—but the difference is
|
||
clear: if the boss says to do something but the employee no longer consents,
|
||
they could exit that relationship.<br />
|
||
Sometimes people refer to an expert as an “authority” on a certain matter, but
|
||
this definition is also not of use here. I refer to authority here as the
|
||
ability to act upon another’s person, without regard for consent.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
One problem with authority is that all the people on earth are humans. There’s
|
||
nobody better than humans who would obviously deserve special treatment, nor
|
||
is there some obviously superior category of human, so people expect some
|
||
excuse for how an ordinary person obtains authority.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
In certain belief systems, the excuse was “God chose me and made me worthy.”
|
||
Contemporarily, the claim is based on “the will of the people”. Whoever wins a
|
||
special regional popularity competition is considered to have authority over
|
||
everyone in that region, even people who disagree.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
You would think acting on someone in a way they don’t allow is difficult, but
|
||
people are impressed by ceremonies of authority, and they are confused by the
|
||
way everyone involved claims that their actions are someone else’s
|
||
responsibility. Even if people manage to see through the tricks they are
|
||
usually still afraid to resist authority out of a belief that nobody will help
|
||
them. So almost everyone obeys.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h2 id="solutions" tabindex="-1">
|
||
<a
|
||
class="header-anchor"
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/authority-consents-blind-spot/#solutions"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
></a>
|
||
Solutions
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>Once you have seen through this trick, what can you do?</p>
|
||
<h3 id="look-for-ways-to-sidestep-authority-altogether." tabindex="-1">
|
||
<a
|
||
class="header-anchor"
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/authority-consents-blind-spot/#look-for-ways-to-sidestep-authority-altogether."
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
></a>
|
||
Look for ways to sidestep authority altogether.
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Since very few people accept <em>absolute</em> authority, there are all kinds
|
||
of limitations to its scope. If you can find ways to move your activities to
|
||
areas of life that are not “covered” by authority, you will be able to ignore
|
||
it more.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://theconsciousresistance.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/How_to_Opt_Out_of_the_Technocratic_State.pdf"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
>How to Opt Out of the Technocratic State (PDF)</a
|
||
>
|
||
by Derrick Broze
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="http://www.kopubco.com/pdf/An_Agorist_Primer_by_SEK3.pdf"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
>An Agorist Primer (PDF)</a
|
||
>
|
||
by Samuel Edward Konkin III
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.seasteading.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"
|
||
>The Seasteading Institute</a
|
||
>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="teach-other-people-how-to-see-these-tricks-more-clearly." tabindex="-1">
|
||
<a
|
||
class="header-anchor"
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/authority-consents-blind-spot/#teach-other-people-how-to-see-these-tricks-more-clearly."
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
></a>
|
||
Teach other people how to see these tricks more clearly.
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Relatively few people claim to have authority. If even a moderate fraction of
|
||
people resist authoritarian demands, it becomes impossible to compel them all
|
||
by force.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4jzSARXHuuwhBfzGNYhSVE4gJ8zmRnTH"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
>Playlist: Thomasz Kaye Animations</a
|
||
>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://fee.org/stories" target="_blank" rel="noopener"
|
||
>Foundation for Economic Education</a
|
||
>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="promote-alternatives-that-respect-consent." tabindex="-1">
|
||
<a
|
||
class="header-anchor"
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/authority-consents-blind-spot/#promote-alternatives-that-respect-consent."
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
></a>
|
||
Promote alternatives that respect consent.
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
For every authority-based solution to a problem, there is a more effective
|
||
consensual solution, and usually the consensual way of doing things is already
|
||
being used somewhere, and has lower costs and better outcomes.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="http://daviddfriedman.com/The_Machinery_of_Freedom_.pdf"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
>The Machinery of Freedom (PDF)</a
|
||
>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="http://daviddfriedman.com/The_Machinery_of_Freedom.prc"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
>(Ebook)</a
|
||
>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jTYkdEU_B4o"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
>(Video)</a
|
||
>
|
||
by David D Friedman
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="use-the-ceremonies-of-authority-against-itself." tabindex="-1">
|
||
<a
|
||
class="header-anchor"
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/authority-consents-blind-spot/#use-the-ceremonies-of-authority-against-itself."
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
></a>
|
||
Use the ceremonies of authority against itself.
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
If someone with authority asks your opinion on some topic, steer them away
|
||
from choices that violate consent. It may even be appropriate to support
|
||
people who seek positions of authority if you believe they will prevent it
|
||
from being used, but don’t be surprised if their encounter with power changes
|
||
their values.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://lp.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"
|
||
>Libertarian Party</a
|
||
>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="surround-yourself-with-people-who-care-about-consent." tabindex="-1">
|
||
<a
|
||
class="header-anchor"
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/authority-consents-blind-spot/#surround-yourself-with-people-who-care-about-consent."
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
></a>
|
||
Surround yourself with people who care about consent.
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
If you know the people around you care about consent, then when someone
|
||
claiming authority makes demands of the community, it will be much safer to
|
||
ignore the demands since you would not be alone.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.fsp.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"
|
||
>Free State Project</a
|
||
>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="additional-resources" tabindex="-1">
|
||
<a
|
||
class="header-anchor"
|
||
href="https://joshua.seigler.net/posts/authority-consents-blind-spot/#additional-resources"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
></a>
|
||
Additional Resources
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://spot.colorado.edu/~huemer/1.htm"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
>The Problem of Political Authority (Chapter 1)</a
|
||
>
|
||
<a href="https://amzn.to/2AyQxw0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"
|
||
>(Amazon)</a
|
||
>
|
||
by Michael Huemer
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a
|
||
href="https://ia601208.us.archive.org/27/items/236222899TheMostDangerousSuperstitionLarkenRose2011/the-most-dangerous-superstition-larken-rose-20111.pdf"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
>The Most Dangerous Superstitition (PDF)</a
|
||
>
|
||
by Larken Rose
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="http://bastiat.org/en/the_law.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"
|
||
>The Law</a
|
||
>
|
||
by Frédéric Bastiat
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</content>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</feed> |