cb5b2206b1
As suggested by @gmaxwell (thanks!), I tried to make clearer the benefit of hardened keys: * Described hardened keys as a solution in the first sentence of the Hardened Keys subsection. * Reordered the text so that the problem is described before the solution, making the presence of a solution clearer. * Added a prefatory sentence to the description of the two key derivation formulas again describing the hardened formula as a solution. As suggested by @vbuterin (thanks!), I added a paragraph describing that HD wallets don't use normal derivation on the master key so they don't have an effective master public key. (See end of the diff.) This is a fairly large diff because of the reordering, but no new clauses were added besides those described above.
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[transaction version number]: /en/developer-guide#term-transaction-version-number "A version number prefixed to transactions to allow upgrading"" [transactions]: /en/developer-guide#transactions "A transaction spending satoshis" [unconfirmed]: /en/developer-guide#term-unconfirmed-transactions "A transaction which has not yet been added to the block chain" [unconfirmed transactions]: /en/developer-guide#term-unconfirmed-transactions "A transaction which has not yet been added to the block chain" [unique addresses]: /en/developer-guide#term-unique-address "Address which are only used once to protect privacy and increase security" [URI QR Code]: /en/developer-guide#term-uri-qr-code "A QR code containing a bitcoin: URI" [utxo]: /en/developer-guide#term-utxo "Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO) holding satoshis which have not yet been spent" [verified payments]: /en/developer-guide#verifying-payment "Payments which the receiver believes won't be double spent" [v2 block]: /en/developer-reference#term-v2-block "The current version of Bitcoin blocks" [wallet]: /en/developer-guide#wallets "Software which stores private keys to allow users to spend and receive satoshis" [Wallet Import Format]: /en/developer-guide#term-wallet-import-format "A private key specially formatted to allow easy import into a wallet" [wallets]: /en/developer-guide#wallets "Software which stores private keys to allow users to spend and receive satoshis" [X509Certificates]: /en/developer-guide#term-x509certificates